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This meta-meta-analysis study quantifies the development of scientific knowledge in consumer research by summarizing the findings of 222 meta-analyses that together include 2481 meta-analytic effect sizes. The results provide an overview of how much we know and how knowledge has developed in consumer research over time. By explaining 7.8% variance (r = 0.28) in consumer-relevant dependent variables, the findings show that consumer research, a comparatively young discipline, is relatively effective at knowledge development compared to other disciplines. Furthermore, the accumulation of knowledge is significantly increasing, suggesting that our discipline is still in the growing phase of its life cycle and generating continuously improving explanations of consumer-related phenomena. The development of knowledge varies across consumer-relevant dependent variables, with strong explanations for relationships but significantly weaker ones for memory , affect , and attitudes. Moreover, the knowledge synthesized in meta-analyses is fairly—though not fully—representative of the content of primary research on consumers overall. The findings convey a future research agenda by identifying under-researched areas, advising on the selection of dependent variables, providing indicators for the expected contributions of future studies, suggesting implications for career strategies of consumer researchers, and discussing explanations for the observed knowledge growth effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, published in the Journal of Applied Physics, discusses the importance of multiscale modeling and analysis in the field of biophysics. The authors emphasize the need for tools and analyses that integrate across physical scales and time scales in order to advance medical science. The document includes a collection of studies on various topics such as cardiac biomechanics, tissue mechanics, cerebral fluid flow, cell mechanics, protein modeling, and molecular fluorescence microscopy. The authors hope that readers will find these studies informative and inspiring. [Extracted from the article]

The cinnamon river shrimp (Macrobrachium acanthurus) is distributed along the Atlantic Ocean, from the United States to Brazil. This species represents important resources for local communities of fishermen, but natural populations are facing a progressive decline. For several years, the aquaculture supplementation of this species has been suggested as an alternative to fisheries. M. acanthurus presents several characteristics that make it a suitable species for aquaculture, such as resistance to changes in environmental conditions, reproduction all year round, high fecundity, low aggressivity, and disease resistance. Despite this, the development of culture is, at best, at the stage of research and has been related to the difficulty of the larval stage rearing. Considering this, the review presents the actual knowledge regarding the environmental and biological conditions of M. acanthurus that might help to advance its culture. The information is presented in several parts, which include the species description, environmental conditions, reproduction, larvae and juvenile stages, culture experience, and diseases. Finally, some considerations are given to cover the gaps in the knowledge that are required to be researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical aspects of critical infrastructure as a subject of scientific knowledge. The importance of critical infrastructure facilities for ensuring Ukraine's national security, the stability of its economy and the state's defense capability is determined. Legislative regulation in this area is analyzed, in particular, the Law of Ukraine «On Critical Infrastructure», «On National Security of Ukraine», the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the National Security Strategy of Ukraine, etc. normative legal acts that contain definitions of terms. Attention is drawn to the fact that the violation of the functioning of the specified objects in the conditions of martial law may cause socially dangerous consequences for society and the state. According to the result of the comparison with foreign experience (USA, EU, Great Britain, China, Japan), it is proved that Ukraine takes into account international approaches to the protection of critical infrastructure, but has its own unique features caused by national threats and challenges. In the US, for example, critical infrastructure is defined as systems and assets so important that their failure to function or damage would have a devastating impact on security, the national economy, and public health. The European Union approaches this issue through the European Critical Infrastructures Directive, focusing on interconnection and coordination between member states. The UK takes care of cyber security, while China and Japan emphasize national control and resilience of facilities. Based on the analysis, recommendations were made for improving the legislative policy of Ukraine in the field of critical infrastructure. A conclusion was made about the relevance of the task of the Security Service of Ukraine to combat criminal offenses at critical infrastructure facilities, and practical recommendations for further improvement of this area were provided. It has been determined that the perspective areas of scientific research are the analysis of the experience of the countries of the European Union in terms of legal protection against criminal offenses at critical infrastructure facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The scientific article studied and explained the content of the legal normative bases of the activity of the state border protection bodies of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine during the implementation of measures of the legal regime of emergency. This problem is understudied. With the help of general and special methods of scientific knowledge, the authors researched the laws of Ukraine, current subordinate legal acts and scientific sources that regulate the content of the activities of the state border protection bodies of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine regarding the implementation of measures of the legal state of emergency. The researchers found out the content and features of the legal provision that determines the type and limits of the official actions of the state border protection bodies of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine aimed at implementing the measures of the legal emergency regime. It has been established that the measures of the legal state of emergency, in the implementation of which the state border protection authorities take part, determine the possibility, necessity and grounds for the exercise of the powers of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. During emergency situations, in the event of the introduction of appropriate modes of operation of the system of protection of the population and territories within the areas of responsibility, the state border protection authorities carry out various forms and methods of official measures. Depending on the situation, the degree of spread of a predicted or an emergency situation that has arisen within a specific territory, in accordance with the procedure established by law, the appropriate mode of operation of the population and territory protection system is introduced, which determines the share of the state border protection authorities' participation in their elimination. The authors come to the conclusion that the provisions of the regulatory legal acts that determine the duties of the state border protection authorities during the implementation of measures of the legal state of emergency and the general procedure for their actions in emergency situations are implemented in the event of the introduction of the appropriate modes of operation of the system of protection of the population and territories within areas of responsibility of state border protection authorities. Their activities are closely related to the performance of the functions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the research is the norms of tax legislation, which regulate relations between the state in the form of tax authorities and business entities regarding the calculation and payment of taxes when carrying out transactions with financial assets. The goal is to develop theoretical and practical provisions, scientifically based conclusions about financial legal relations related to the use of financial assets in economic turnover, to identify the peculiarities of legal regulation of taxation of transactions with financial assets. The methodological basis of the research is general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition. The work uses dialectical, logical, systematic, analysis and synthesis, formal legal, comparative-legal and other methods of scientific knowledge. It was established that a financial asset is an interdisciplinary category: from a material point of view, a financial asset is characterized as a fund of funds of a business entity, from a financial and legal position, a financial asset is a source of budget revenues, which in the process of taxation connects the fund of funds of a business entity with public money funds. Financial assets for the purposes of tax and legal regulation can be represented as property and property rights. Understanding the legal nature and content of financial assets makes it possible to systematize approaches to the taxation of operations with these assets and to fill gaps in legal regulation, primarily in the field of tax relations, which will help to eliminate or reduce the risks of disputes with tax authorities, increase the efficiency of using these resources in economic activity of organizations. Since the object of taxation as a legal fact, which is connected with the emergence of relations between the state and the taxpayer regarding the payment of tax, is the main element of the legal structure of the tax, it must have a high level of certainty. The principles of legality, certainty of taxation, conscientiousness of taxpayers, economic basis of tax and reasonableness of taxation are relevant for operations with financial assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the nature of the human right to taxes. Peculiarities and prospects of the normative fixation of the human right to taxes in the Constitution of Ukraine and the possibility of establishing specific legal guarantees of the subjects of these legal relations at the level of the Basic Law are analyzed. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive study of the human right to taxes, the possibility of its legal fixation, and an analysis of the mechanisms for protecting this right. The research materials are: 1) normative and legal support for regulating the right to tax; 2) works of domestic and foreign authors conducting scientific and practical research in the field of tax law. The following methods were used in the research process: philosophical, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, including synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, structural-functional method and others. The concept and essence of the human right to taxes, its meaning and main idea are characterized. The tax is considered as a phenomenon of a dual nature, which is not only the duty of the tax payer, but at the same time it is also his right as a member of civil society. A comparative analysis of the understanding of the legal category of tax from the point of view of both positivist and human-centered approaches was carried out. The question of the exchange of public goods between people is revealed. The relationship between the human right to taxes and the category of redistributive justice is determined. The list of the most common public human needs is given. In addition, the legal category public wealth is analyzed. The importance and necessity of conscientious payment of taxes in the conditions of martial law is emphasized. The peculiarities of the protection of the right to taxes are outlined through the prism of the analysis of the decisions of the ECtHR, the EU Court, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court. Mechanisms for protecting the rights of subjects of tax legal relations based on humancentered positions are analyzed. The advantages of this approach in terms of maintaining the balance of public and private interests of taxpayers and the state are emphasized. Based on these mechanisms, the possibility of overcoming the problem of tax evasion is outline d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Access to higher education in rural areas has been a recurring theme of debates and government inquiries in many countries in recent decades. Previous research is relatively unequivocal regarding the importance of higher education for regional or national development, identifying the local presence of highly educated individuals in a municipality as crucial for its prosperity and development. Purpose: This study aims to contribute to the development of scientific knowledge regarding linguistic discursive representations by rurally located prospective university students in Sweden, of the conditions for further study at university level. Method: A total of 23 qualitative interviews and/or discussion groups were held with 34 prospective university students in three rural municipalities in Sweden. Data were collected and analysed to answer the research question: How do prospective university students in rural areas describe the conditions for further study at the university level? Findings: Prospective university students created and reproduced a series of linguistic representations in two discursive categories: (1) proximity/distance to study; and (2) education offerings. In the first category, narratives related to the physical distance to study; commuting by public transport or private car; and moving to the home city of a higher education institution. In the second category, narratives focused around the importance of location; remote learning; and doubts about pursuing higher education and/or making the right choice. Conclusion: Linguistic representations in both categories were tense, balancing depictions of conflict and consensus. This balancing act represents a linguistic means of creating and re-creating cohesion, involvement, integration, participation, unity, and normality in the discourse and can be interpreted as a form of social pedagogical recognition that is important for the individual's success in the context that the narratives reflect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade or so, the rate of growth of academic publications involving discussion of 'citizen science' and 'community science', and similar variants, has risen exponentially. These fluid terms, with no fixed definition, cover a continuum of public participation within a range of scientific activities. It is, therefore, apposite and timely to examine the evolving typologies of citizen science and community science and to ask how particular disciplinary actors are shaping content and usage. Do certain approaches to citizen science and community science activity remain siloed within specific disciplines or do some approaches resonate more widely? In this study, we use mixed methods—bibliometric and textual analysis—to chart the changing academic interpretations of this scientific activity over time. We then ask what these analyses mean for the future direction of academic research into citizen science and community science. The results suggest that, while certain disciplinary-based interpretations have been particularly influential in the past, a more epistemically mixed array of academic interests than was previously evident are currently determining expectations of what citizen science and community science should look like and what they can be expected to deliver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares two science advisory organizations: the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) and the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES), with a special focus on how their respective policy systems absorb the knowledge delivered for use in decision processes. The science-policy processes of these two organizations differ in important respects; ICES delivers highly specified knowledge to a specified uptake mechanism, while the IPCC produces unspecified knowledge for an unspecified uptake mechanism. Since both environmental governance areas are criticized for lack of needed action, a comparison is of interest asking how this might relate to the organization of science advice. As theoretical resources for this explorative comparison we utilize two approaches from the field of science and technology studies: the co-production approach, which focuses on the entanglements of scientific and political processes, and the systems-theory-oriented multiple-worlds model, which assumes a clear difference in institutional logics between the scientific and the political field. Since the IPCC has been critically analysed by several studies utilizing resources from the two approaches, we contribute with new insights by bringing in ICES, which is a much less studied organization exposing a different science-policy structure. One important finding is that the two theoretical approaches focus on different aspects, exposing 'links' and 'integration', both of which we argue are important for analysing and assessing science advisory organizations. Moreover, these aspects can be advantageously integrated into a single theoretical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from PISA and TIMSS have recently fuelled the debate on the efficacy of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching (IBST). Some analyses of these data show that the effects of different scientific activities related to IBST carried out with students vary according to the frequency of their implementation. Extending this research, the present study focuses on several scientific activities (Conception, Problem, Hypothesis, Model, Manipulation, Discussion-IBST, Interaction), some of which have not been considered previously. It investigates the extent to which these activities are implemented in teachers' practices and their relationships with student learning. The study is based on self-reported practices of primary school teachers in France (98) and data on their students (2250) measuring their scientific knowledge, inquiry skills, views of the nature of science (NOS) and attitudes towards science. Findings show that teachers' practices are diverse, with some teachers implementing scientific activities frequently and others rarely. However, no profile of teaching practices could be associated with high or low levels of student learning. The only scientific activity for which converging positive relationships with student learning were found was modelling. This finding calls for further studies to explore the relationships of the different modelling sub-practices with student learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates instances where experienced researchers make explicit claims of lack of knowledge (e.g., 'I have to reveal my ignorance completely') in the context of paper discussions during research group meetings. Drawing on multimodal interaction analysis, the analysis focuses on epistemic disclaimers in their sequential contexts, and the local management of institutional identities and domains of knowledge. The analyzed data draw from video-ethnographic work involving participant observation and video recordings at a research program in Physical Chemistry at a Swedish university. Focusing on epistemic disclaimers occurring in first pair-parts, the analysis explores how senior researchers employ disclaimers to mark the eliciting function of their questions, as they work to encourage participation by opening the floor while positioning co-participants as (more) knowledgeable. The results evidence how the accomplishment of peer collaboration and knowledge distribution in scientific work involves the management of rights and responsibilities with respect to knowledge and scientific expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its comparatively limited size in humans, spleen has been shown able to expel red-blood cells in the circulation and thus augment blood oxygen-carrying capacity under certain physiologic conditions. In the present state-of-the-art review, the short- and long-term regulation of spleen volume will be discussed. With regards to the physiological mechanism underlying spleen contraction, sympathetic activation stands as the prime contributor to the response. A dose-dependent relationship between specific interventions of apnea, exercise and hypoxia (imposed separately or in combination) and spleen contraction alleges to the trainability of the spleen organ. The trainability of the spleen is further substantiated by virtue of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting robust increases in both organ volume at rest and subsequent spleen contraction. Alternative ways to assess the relationship between hematologic gains and the magnitude of spleen contraction (i.e., the reduction of spleen volume) will be presented herein. In extension of changes in the conventional measures of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, assessment of hemoglobin mass and total blood volume using the (safe, low-cost and time-efficient) CO-rebreathing technique could deepen scientific knowledge on the efficiency of human spleen contraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and expert knowledge on migration is often disregarded in policy making and plays only a minor role in public debates - despite the massive growth and institutionalization of migration research in recent years. This article interrogates the limited impact of migration research(ers) by examining knowledge practices in both policy making and academia. We first look "outwards" at migration policy making. Revisiting and integrating the hitherto separate scholarship on knowledge use and knowledge production, we identify the main mechanisms that characterize knowledge practices of policy actors, such as individual and institutional self-preservation, issue politicization, or unequal power dynamics. We then mobilize these insights to look "inwards" at our own knowledge practices in migration studies, showing that similar mechanisms shape how migration scholars produce and use knowledge. In particular, we identify a fragmentation of migration studies into ever-more fine-grained sub-fields, each with their own knowledge practices and impact strategies - and with little dialogue across them. In fact, rather than acknowledging their complementarity, these sub-fields tend to delegitimize each other's knowledge and efforts to achieve socio-political change. We argue that such "academic tribalism" creates a self-sabotaging dynamic that undermines the field's wider credibility and impact. Ultimately, we hope that this paper empowers migration researchers to act upon this diagnosis and inspires a collective discussion on how to foster more mutually-reinforcing knowledge practices that strengthen the field's role in political debates and public life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "From clinic to community: An exploration of service-learning in medical education" published in Clinical Teacher discusses the importance of service-oriented medical education, focusing on the integration of community service with didactic work and student reflection. The text highlights the Florida Atlantic University's College of Medicine Service-Learning Project, which involved medical students working with a local nonprofit organization to educate underserved children on human biology and health. Through service-learning, students gained valuable insights into community needs, developed communication skills, and fostered a deeper understanding of social determinants of health. The project emphasized the significance of empathy, cultural competency, and community engagement in medical training, ultimately shaping future physicians into compassionate advocates for health equity and education. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Philosophies, Puzzles, and Paradoxes: A Statistician's Search for the Truth" published in the International Statistical Review is aimed at statistics graduate and advanced undergraduate students, practitioners, philosophers of science, and general readers interested in puzzles and paradoxes. The book is divided into four parts covering topics such as 'How Do We Know Whether What We Believe Is True', 'Probability and Inverse‐Probability Inference', 'Likelihood and Likelihood‐Based Inference', and 'Puzzles and Paradoxes'. The text delves into historical perspectives, contrasting rationalism with empiricism, and discussing issues related to probability, Bayesian inference, likelihood, and epistemic confidence. The authors explore various paradoxes and fallacies, emphasizing the importance of understanding different philosophical perspectives in statistical analysis. [Extracted from the article]

Research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) is increasing rapidly; as a result, a large number of research papers are being published. It is challenging to find the contributions of the research paper in any specific domain from the huge amount of unstructured data. There is a need for structuring the relevant contributions in Knowledge Graph (KG). In this paper, we describe our work to accomplish four tasks toward building the Scientific Knowledge Graph (SKG). We propose a pipelined system that performs contribution sentence identification, phrase extraction from contribution sentences, Information Units (IUs) classification, and organize phrases into triplets (subject, predicate, object) from the NLP scholarly publications. We develop a multitasking system (ContriSci) for contribution sentence identification with two supporting tasks, viz.Section Identification and Citance Classification. We use the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)—Conditional Random Field (CRF) model for the phrase extraction and train with two additional datasets: SciERC and SciClaim. To classify the contribution sentences into IUs, we use a BERT-based model. For the triplet extraction, we categorize the triplets into five categories and classify the triplets with the BERT-based classifier. Our proposed approach yields the F1 score values of 64.21%, 77.47%, 84.52%, and 62.71% for the contribution sentence identification, phrase extraction, IUs classification, and triplet extraction, respectively, for non-end-to-end setting. The relative improvement for contribution sentence identification, IUs classification, and triplet extraction is 8.08, 2.46, and 2.31 in terms of F1 score for the NLPContributionGraph (NCG) dataset. Our system achieves the best performance (57.54% F1 score) in the end-to-end pipeline with all four sub-tasks combined. We make our codes available at: https://github.com/92Komal/pipeline_triplet_extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting texts that contain semantic-level new information is not straightforward. The problem becomes more challenging for research articles. Over the years, many datasets and techniques have been developed to attempt automatic novelty detection. However, the majority of the existing textual novelty detection investigations are targeted toward general domains like newswire. A comprehensive dataset for scientific novelty detection is not available in the literature. In this paper, we present a new triplet-based corpus (SciND) for scientific novelty detection from research articles via knowledge graphs. The proposed dataset consists of three types of triples (i) triplet for the knowledge graph, (ii) novel triplets, and (iii) non-novel triplets. We build a scientific knowledge graph for research articles using triplets across several natural language processing (NLP) domains and extract novel triplets from the paper published in the year 2021. For the non-novel articles, we use blog post summaries of the research articles. Our knowledge graph is domain-specific. We build the knowledge graph for seven NLP domains. We further use a feature-based novelty detection scheme from the research articles as a baseline. Moreover, we show the applicability of our proposed dataset using our baseline novelty detection algorithm. Our algorithm yields a baseline F1 score of 72%. We show analysis and discuss the future scope using our proposed dataset. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first dataset for scientific novelty detection via a knowledge graph. We make our codes and dataset publicly available at https://github.com/92Komal/Scientific_Novelty_Detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the effects of different questioning strategies on elementary school students regarding scientific knowledge, views of scientific inquiry, and scientific inquiry skills during scientific inquiry video learning. A quasi-experimental design was adopted involving 78 sixth-grade Taiwanese students from three classes. The three classes were randomly assigned into three groups: instructional video with embedded open-ended questions (G1), video with embedded closed-ended questions (G2), and video only (G3). All students were required to watch three scientific inquiry videos on different topics having already taken pretests and posttests on scientific knowledge, view of scientific inquiry, and scientific inquiry skills. The data suggested that G1 and G3 had significantly better performance regarding higher-level knowledge and views on scientific interpretation than did G2, with G1 displaying the best data interpretation skills. The study implies that open-ended questioning is better than the closed-ended approach, although neither is better or worse than having no questions at all in its videos. This study should, therefore, be of value to those interested in developing or implementing science videos for elementary students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation research fighting for public attention and counteracting science-skeptical views raise the need for insights into why individuals are motivated to engage with scientific knowledge. Guided by the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM), additionally considering mistrust in science and innovativeness, the study aimed to explain individuals' intention to seek information about medical innovations. Findings of an online survey among German residents (N = 5,322) supported the utility of the extended PRISM to predict seeking intent. Most of the postulates of the PRISM were supported; mistrust served as a barrier to engagement with scientific knowledge, whereas innovativeness was of minor relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that translating social research findings into policy recommendations may pose a significant methodological and practical challenge. Due to the current emphasis on the 'third mission' of universities and the 'relevance' of scientific knowledge, it has become more common for sociologists to engage in projects that include the development of social-research-based recommendations. This article analyses empirically an example of such a project – an extensive, European Commission–funded study about the role of men in gender equality in Europe – and shows that developing recommendations may receive lower priority than producing findings, be unguided by any specific method or approach, and operate within an 'aura of evidence' rather than a 'hierarchy of evidence'. Discouraging an all-too-easy criticism, this article argues for more reflection, frameworks, and methods that could support sociologists in the development of research-based guidelines for policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia's economy has made significant strides forward since the beginning of the 21st century. However, along with this, there is a high rate of urbanization, and internal migration, which lead to an increase in the number of vehicle owners in Addis Ababa city, causing traffic congestion problems. This is adversely impacting the socioeconomic and well-being of the residents. Therefore, this study attempted to identify the perception of drivers and passengers on the socio-economic impact (SEI) of traffic congestion in Addis Ababa city by taking the study corridors in the Kolfe keraniyo sub-city. Nine segments were sampled. Data collection included questionnaires distributed among 3240 respondents. A generalized ordered logit model was used. Accordingly, age, income, household size, gender, education, and respondent type (driver or passenger) were significant variables. The descriptive statistical results also indicated that the first, second, and third significant SEI perceived by the respondents were late arrival to the office, extra time added to the car or bus journey, and the increased risk of being in an accident. The outcomes of this study, including the responses to the research inquiries and the acquisition of extensive scientific knowledge, will contribute to the formulation of comprehensive mitigation strategies and management plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today threatening societies and the future of the planet. The impacts of climate change are more severe in poor and marginalised populations like Indigenous communities where people rely heavily on their Indigenous Knowledge (IK) to adapt to the changing environment. Climate change adaptation and resilience are critical for the survival of Indigenous communities under the threat of climate change. This systematic literature review seeks to understand how IK contributes to climate change adaptation and resilience. A total of 71 papers from Scopus were analysed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. It investigated three research questions: (i) How is IK understood in climate change studies? (ii) What kind of IK is used to address climate change and enhance adaptation and resilience? and finally, (iii) What could be done to maximise the use of IK towards enhancing climate adaptation and resilience? The study found that Indigenous people use IK to predict extreme climatic conditions, prepare for it, and live through it making use of Indigenous adaptation strategies in multiple manifestations. The solutions to maximise the benefits of IK promote two dominant themes requiring more research on IK and climate change with diverse focus areas and the need to bridge it with scientific knowledge. This review provides a starting point for such research that will draw upon IK to enhance climate adaptation and resilience towards meaningful sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultramarathon running is of increasing popularity, where the time-limited 24-hour run is one of the most popular events. Although we have a high scientific knowledge about different topics for this specific race format, we do not know where the best 24-hour runners originate from and where the fastest races are held. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the origin of these runners and the fastest race locations. A machine learning model based on the XG Boost algorithm was built to predict running speed based on the athlete´s age, gender, country of origin and the country where the race takes place. Model explainability tools were used to investigate how each independent variable would influence the predicted running speed. A sample of 171,358 race records from 63,514 unique runners from 73 countries participating in 24-hour races held in 57 countries between 1807 and 2022 was analyzed. Most of the athletes originated from the USA, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Russia, Australia, Austria, and Canada. Tunisian athletes achieved the fastest average running speed, followed by runners from Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Island, Croatia, Slovenia, and Israel. Regarding the country of the event, the ranking looks quite similar to the participation by the athlete, suggesting a high correlation between the country of origin and the country of the event. The fastest 24-hour races are recorded in Israel, Romania, Korea, the Netherlands, Russia, and Taiwan. On average, men were 0.4 km/h faster than women, and the fastest runners belonged to age groups 35–39, 40–44, and 45–49 years. In summary, the 24-hour race format is spread over the world, and the fastest athletes mainly originate from Eastern Europe, while the fastest races were organized in European and Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a critical analysis of the anti-homosexuality legislation in Uganda, a state in East Africa. It primarily uses Plato’s political philosophy as expressed in Aristophanes’ speech in the Symposium. Using the Aristophanic viewpoint, the study derived six analytical concepts that structure its findings, discussion and conclusion. These are: the origin and fall of man; all sexual orientations are valid whether lesbian, homosexual or heterosexual; sexual cravings are natural phenomena whether lesbian, homosexual or heterosexual; law encumbers natural feelings of love and should not be used to prohibit any aspect of sexual orientation; homosexual (man-man) relations generate greater political benefits than the rest; scientific knowledge can be used to justify Aristophanes mythological explanations of sexual orientation. These concepts have been transformed into analytical questions in the study regarding the morality, naturality and legality of homosexuality in Uganda. This has led to several conclusions: All sexual orientations are valid whether lesbian, homosexual or heterosexual; Sexual cravings are natural phenomena whether lesbian, homosexual or heterosexual; and Law encumbers natural feelings of love and should not be used to prohibit any aspect of sexual orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society relies on intact marine ecosystems for ecosystem services such as nutrition, livelihoods, health and well‐being. Yet, to obtain these benefits, we carry out activities, introducing pressures to ecosystems, damaging and degrading habitats and reducing their capacity to optimally provide ecosystem services. Biodiversity and ecosystem services are consequently being lost globally but impact chains from these activities are poorly understood, especially in tropical marine ecosystems. We identified for the first time impact chains linking activities with pressures they introduce in five tropical coastal and marine habitats, specifically through application in four Southeast Asian case study sites. Using expert elicitation based on existing evidence, we weighted each impact chain according to pressure extent, frequency and persistence, and habitat resistance and resilience. Assigning each impact chain an impact risk score allowed identification of activities and pressures introducing most risk, and habitats most under threat. Of 26 activities we considered, we found fishing activities, specifically trawling, gill nets and seine nets introduce most risk, along with tourism and recreation. Litter and pollution were among the greatest pressures on habitats, with coral reefs being most vulnerable overall. Destructive fishing practices were associated with physical pressures like abrasion, smothering and siltation and total habitat loss, while tourism activities were associated with organic enrichment, litter and pollution. The risk levels depended on the habitat and on local case study context. Synthesis and applications: A contextualised risk‐based approach can help to prioritise sustainability issues for management in data‐poor regions by making use of a range of knowledge types from local experts to broader scientific knowledge. A multisectoral, and ecosystem‐based risk assessment can help decision makers to consider trade‐offs in marine resource management and highlight priorities transparently, where coordination of multiple administrative organisations, sectors and local actors is required to meet multiple sustainability objectives. Physical pressures from fishing activities combined with pollution from tourism indicate effective management requires a multi‐use zoning approach that not only considers impacts at the site of activities but also integrates regional coordination to tackle dispersive pressures from pollution or sediment disturbance that occur at a distance from the source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents the fourth most common malignant disease among children and adolescents. Current disease classifications, including the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC), rely on a combination of clinical, epidemiological, histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular data to define discrete clinicopathologic entities. There is growing evidence that children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) with B‐cell NHL display unique clinical and epidemiologic characteristics. This may be explained by distinct age‐related developmental plasticity, immune and haematopoietic repertoires, environmental exposures and social determinants of health, and germline or acquired genetic and molecular features, including those associated with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Here, we discuss the unique clinical and biological characteristics of several distinct paediatric B‐cell NHL types to indicate a path forward in classification of these CAYA NHL to optimally support multidisciplinary patient care and personalized treatment. We propose a potential “arising in CAYA” classification qualifier to denote the distinct clinicopathologic characteristics of B‐cell NHLs that, otherwise, histologically and immunophenotypically resemble those arising in middle‐aged and older adults. We also discuss how haemopathology diagnoses are evolving to incorporate the most current scientific knowledge into future classification systems of CAYA B‐cell NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data literacy, the ability to understand and effectively communicate with data, is crucial for researchers to interpret and validate data. However, low reproducibility in biomedical research is nowadays a significant issue, with major implications for scientific progress and the reliability of findings. Recognizing this, funding bodies such as the European Commission emphasize the importance of regular data management practices to enhance reproducibility. Establishing a standardized framework for statistical methods and data analysis is essential to minimize biases and inaccuracies. The FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) aim to enhance data interoperability and reusability, promoting transparent and ethical data practices. The study presented here aimed to train postgraduate students at the Universidad Europea de Madrid in data literacy skills and FAIR principles, assessing their application in master thesis projects. A total of 46 participants, including students and mentors, were involved in the study during the 2022–2023 academic year. Students were trained to prioritize FAIR data sources and implement Data Management Plans (DMPs) during their master's thesis. An 11-item questionnaire was developed to evaluate the FAIRness of research data, showing strong internal consistency. The study found that integrating FAIR principles into educational curricula is crucial for enhancing research reproducibility and transparency. This approach equips future researchers with essential skills for navigating a data-driven scientific environment and contributes to advancing scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have reported the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in cancer, but the research progress of TLSs in cancer has not been systematically analyzed. Therefore, we analyzed the global scientific knowledge in the field using informatics methods. The results showed that TLSs in cancer have received increasing attention since the 21st century, with an annual publication growth rate of 27.86%. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on machine learning further categorized the research features into four clusters, with the cluster related to immunotherapy being considered an emerging cluster. TLSs and immunotherapy were identified as the top two hotspots with the highest occurrence frequency and total link strength. The Walktrap algorithm indicated that "TLSs, carcinoma, prognostic value" and "high endothelial venules, germinal-centers, node-like structures" are important to TLSs but remain underexplored, representing promising research directions. These findings suggest that cancer-related TLSs have brought new insights into antitumor immunity, and targeting TLSs has the potential to transform the landscape of antitumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the challenges and limitations in current scientific research practices, including issues with reproducibility, transparency, and the pursuit of statistical significance. Topics include the overemphasis on statistical significance in research, the prevalence of selective publication and reporting bias, and the role of meta-research in evaluating and improving scientific methodologies.

Epidemiologic research and quantitative risk assessment play a crucial role in transferring fundamental scientific knowledge to policymakers so they can take action to reduce the burden of ambient air pollution. This commentary addresses several challenges in quantitative risk assessment of air pollution that require close attention. The background to this discussion provides a summary of and conclusions from the epidemiological evidence on ambient air pollution and health outcomes accumulated since the 1990s. We focus on identifying relevant exposure-health outcome pairs, the associated concentration-response functions to be applied in a risk assessment, and several caveats in their application. We propose a structured and comprehensive framework for assessing the evidence levels associated with each exposure-health outcome pair within a health impact assessment context. Specific issues regarding the use of global or regional concentration-response functions, their shape, and the range of applicability are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dialogues between ecological wisdom across the East and the West contribute to generating unorthodox education, improving cross-cultural ecopedagogical praxis, and reinforcing education for sustainable development (ESD). In this article, Chinese Daoism and Norwegian Naessian ecosophy are compared and integrated to form an intercultural ecopedagogy. Indigenous Daoist wisdom entails profound ecopedagogical implications in learning from nature, human-nature reciprocity, and spontaneous, altruistic, and harmonious modes of action. Moreover, the cosmo-metaphysical notion of qi (氣) implies an alternative ecopedagogy that may empower learners to consolidate psychosomatic learning and embody human-nature oneness. Correspondingly, Arne Naess' life philosophy promotes ecocentric living and education that underline experiential relations, non-violent symbiosis, and activeness in sensing and feeling. Naess' postulation on subjective aesthetical identification with nature can be seen as one sensible complement to objective scientific knowledge of the ecosystem, facilitating individuals' holistic and personally meaningful formation of be(com)ing ecocitizens. The reciprocity of Lao Zhuang's and Naess' ecological wisdom is argued to shed new light on theories and practices of ecopedagogy and combat dualism and anthropocentrism cross-culturally and innovatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astro-Tourism involves ‘using the natural resource of unpolluted night skies, and appropriate scientific knowledge for astronomical, cultural and environmental activities’. Astro-Tourism further includes specialised activities that differ from mass tourism, as tourists are exposed to knowledge-rich experiences. Well-known examples of Astro-Tourism destinations include Bryce Canyon National Park and Death Valley in the United States of America (USA). The Free State Gambling, Liquor and Tourism Authority (FSGLA) is the marketing arm of the Free State province and is responsible for attracting potential tourists to the province and solidifying the Free State as a destination of choice. Astro-Tourism has been identified as an opportunity to grow tourism in Bloemfontein and the Free State. This study found that Astro-Tourism is a niche product, and that the facilities currently on offer in Bloemfontein are in excellent condition and can potentially be further exposed to a broader audience through dedicated marketing initiatives and events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is an interview with Prof. Fernanda Fidalgo from the Biology Department at the University of Porto, Portugal. It discusses her academic journey, research on plant stress responses, and collaborations. Prof. Fidalgo highlights challenges in science in Portugal, the importance of student relationships, and her future research focus. The interview also touches on the evolving publishing landscape, social media in science communication, and personal hobbies. Prof. Fidalgo reflects on key moments that shaped her career and life, including her decision to pursue academia, motherhood, and overcoming personal challenges. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT Indigenous lands are increasingly recognized for their critical role in biodiversity conservation. However, concerns persist about the sustainability of hunting practices within these territories. This study investigates the long‐term impact of Indigenous hunting practices on wildlife populations in the Cofán territory of Zábalo, Ecuador. We employed line transect surveys to estimate wildlife densities over three periods (2001–2003, 2006–2009, and 2018), focusing on 16 species that are integral to local livelihoods and subject to community management. Our results indicate generally stable or increasing populations for most species, particularly in nonhunted areas, where spatial restrictions are enforced. The Cofán's ability to sustainably manage relations between humans and wildlife is largely attributable to their adaptive management system, which includes species‐specific regulations and spatial zoning, and is realized through community decision‐making, knowledge sharing, and an ethos of care. These findings demonstrate that Indigenous stewardship can effectively sustain biodiversity in complex biocultural systems. The study underscores the importance of integrating Indigenous knowledge with scientific approaches to achieve long‐term conservation goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In the face of growing social‐ecological challenges, multiple forms of expertise must be brought to bear in environmental problem‐solving. As such, community‐based science has been touted as a potential way to “democratize” scientific knowledge production, allowing for multiple sources of expertise to be harnessed and for learning across stakeholders to occur in new ways. The extent to which this occurs, however, is mediated by a variety of factors. Focusing on the context of a dam removal and river restoration initiative in the Western United States, we leverage community science literacy as a conceptual lens to critically interrogate if and how multiple forms of expertise are taken up through community‐based science toward the goal of watershed revitalization. Based on an analysis of empirical evidence collected from interviews, ethnographic observations, and project artifacts, we found that local residents in the watershed demonstrated robust forms of situated local knowledge that they often leveraged toward the work of science. This occurred through processes of coordination work, which were mediated by opportunities for individuals to shift between roles, the contributions of brokers and boundary spanners, and issues of power, status, and rank. While individuals demonstrated and shared their nuanced local knowledge, dominant science still structured if, when, and how this was taken up in the project. Ultimately, we suggest that leveling hierarchies in community‐based science—and affording broader publics greater epistemic agency in shaping the work of science—is key to fostering social‐ecological transformation through science learning in informal settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Perspective, the use of DNA nanotechnology is explored as a powerful tool for studying a family of enzymes known as topoisomerases. These enzymes regulate DNA topology within a living cell and play a major role in the pharmaceutical field, serving as anti‐cancer and anti‐bacterial targets. This Perspective will provide a short historical overview of the methods employed in studying these enzymes and emphasizing recent advancements in assays using DNA nanotechnology. These innovations have substantially improved accuracy and expanded the understanding of enzyme activity. This perspective will showcase the versatile utility of DNA nanotechnology in advancing scientific knowledge and its application in exploring new drug candidates, particularly in the study of topoisomerase enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the fact Ukraine sees the process of European integration as one of the main directions of its further development, which is confirmed by the resolution of the European Parliament, according to which Ukraine was granted the status of a candidate country for joining the European Union, the study of the experience of the leading countries of the European Union (hereinafter -- the EU) should become a certain basis in the process of reforming the judiciary, the Institute of Advocacy is a part of which. Modern Ukrainian legislation in the context of remuneration for a lawyer's professional activity has significant shortcomings and contradictions, and with regard to the so-called «success fee», the judicial practice is ambiguous and has already changed several times in previous years. At the same time, the institution of a lawyer's remuneration for his professional activity needs changes and clarifications also in connection with the fact that the main categorical apparatus, which is used in the regulation of issues of this institute, is not coordinated with its European counterparts, and therefore leads to the emergence of legislative collisions in the future during a closer relationship between Ukraine and the EU countries after Ukraine becomes a member of the EU countries. A study of the historical analysis of the emergence and development of the institution of remuneration of a lawyer for his professional activity, as well as methods of calculating the amount and payment of a lawyer's fee, forms and methods, which contributes to a comprehensive study of this institution. At the same time, on the basis of a comparative analysis between the studied institute in Ukraine and Germany, it is advisable to develop ways of improving Ukrainian legislat ion in this field. Special attention is paid to the so-called «success fee» of a lawyer for his professional activity, the issues of application of this type of lawyer's fee both in Ukraine and in Germany are investigated. On the basis of the analysis, those issues that require further regulation at the legislative level in Ukraine and the identification of types of «success fee» have been identified on the example of how this issue is resolved in the EU countries, taking into account the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The article is based on general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, namely: the dialectical method, the method of synthesis and analysis, the comparative legal method, as well as historical and terminological approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sustainability science has become a crucial aspect of interdisciplinary research aimed at finding practical solutions and driving lasting change. This article examines the challenges facing sustainability science to move beyond the analysis of problems within interconnected systems and critically evaluate the interplay of social, political, and technological factors in the application of knowledge to action. Results: The study highlights the influence of innovation implemented by companies on their sustainability performance, the establishment of innovations that positively affect sustainability performance, and analyzes the youth and local community perspectives on scientific innovations for a sustainable future. Conclusions: The main conclusion is that sustainable development needs to focus on four areas of research: the impact of values ​​on research and decisions; community perspectives on sustainability; fostering socio-technical progress; and promoting learning for sustainable development. By decoding science, positive change can be achieved through the implementation of strategies such as transparency, understandability, and openness to scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Buildings that constitute cultural heritage and that are the identity of a defined geographical area are increasingly being restored to offer the community historical places to enjoy. Often the restoration preserves the original structure and building materials, which are usually natural stones. In this study, a radioprotection protocol dedicated to this kind of built environment was proposed and validated. Methods: After identifying the two predominant types of building material stones (Rosso ammonitico and Pietra Serena), radiometric measurements for natural gamma-emitting radionuclides (Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40) and measurements of the emanation coefficient and calculation of the exhalation rate of radon gas were carried out. Results: The two types of stone have a content of natural radionuclides that do not exceed the levels recommended by the regulations. The difference between the two types of stone is of an order of magnitude indicating that the red ammonite has a greater radiological impact than the pietra serena. Discussion: The results, in addition to ensuring the radioprotection of the population, highlighted the need to increase the number of this kind of investigations to implement scientific knowledge and serve the stakeholders involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evidence base for the effectiveness of art therapy continues to grow, even as a mechanistic understanding of how art therapy works remains limited. One promising avenue for increasing our understanding of how and why art therapy works is through the lens of neuroscience. A neuroscience-based approach to art therapy provides opportunities for improving understanding of the neural processes that underlie the complex interaction between perception, cognition, emotion and behavior that play out in the art therapy process. Understanding how therapeutic change occurs can result in improved treatment and better outcomes for clients. However, it can be tricky to connect art therapy and psychological theory directly to neural responses. The purposes of this perspective are to provide an overview of the current evidence and limits of neurobiological concepts of neuroplasticity, mirror systems, and interoception as applied to art therapy practice, and to provide updated information about outdated concepts that are still actively used in clinical practice. Critical analysis and understanding of the current scientific knowledge base can then be used to guide art therapy practice and support the development of hypothesis-based research to determine the primary mechanisms that drive the observed effects of art therapy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To address the research-practice gap, knowledge translation is a crucial step in which co-creation, including patient and public involvement (PPI), is key. We performed a knowledge translation project in co-creation with all stakeholders as equal partners in the design and decision-making process. The project was based on scientific knowledge of a large research program on development of children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). It aimed to synthesize the knowledge on development of children and youth with CP, and to develop tools that are useful for health care professionals, persons with CP, and families. This paper describes the knowledge translation process applied in the project, specifically how the 'key principles' employed to ensure co-creation were operationalised, including reflections on the process and lessons learned. Main body: Three key principles were defined to guarantee involvement of all stakeholders as equal partners in the design and decision-making process: a shared vision on collaboration and partnership, transparency: open and honest communication, and co-creation as a stepwise, iterative process. These key principles are based on literature and earlier experiences. They are described in more detail and are illustrated with examples from the knowledge translation project. The iterative co-creation process can be regarded as a cyclical process, including planning, conducting, reflection, evaluation, and refining the product and the process. This means that there was a continuous learning cycle in which we learned from the challenges and successes, now and then taking a step back. Based on our reflections the most important lessons learned are summarized. Conclusion: The key principles were helpful in this knowledge translation process. Reflecting on these principles during the joint journey secured co-creation with all stakeholders as equal partners in the design and decision-making process. By sharing experiences, key principles, examples and lessons learned we intend to advance knowledge in PPI, and to inspire others. Plain English Summary: To bridge the gap between research and real-world practice, knowledge translation is essential, and it needs to involve patients as the end-users. In this paper we describe the process of knowledge translation from a large study about development of children and young adults with cerebral palsy. We aimed to co-create useful information and tools, together with and specifically for families, health care professionals, and researchers. Three main principles were applied to ensure all partners collaborated equally: a shared vision on collaboration and partnership, transparency: open and honest communication, and co-creation as a stepwise, iterative process. To inspire others, this article describes these key principles, including examples, and summarizes the lessons learned based on our evaluation and reflections on the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complementary use and transfer of empirical and scientific knowledge are essential for the holistic and sustainable management of fishing resources. To understand how both types of knowledge are transferred in fishing communities in three regions of Mexico, we conducted 120 in-depth interviews with young people, adults, and older adults who participated in various activities within fishing value networks. During the interviews, we identified who participated in transferring knowledge within communities, what lessons were passed on, what knowledge has been lost, and what scientific topics are known within the communities. We also investigated the sector's most used means of communication to further explore the transfer of scientific and technical knowledge and the fundamental roles of external actors in transferring knowledge within communities. The information was coded, categorized, and analyzed for each question. The interviewees valued the continuity of inheriting traditional knowledge, which included teaching practical skills, such as fishing techniques and navigation, and transmitting values, traditions, and ways of understanding and relating to the marine environment. The interviewees perceived knowledge transfer as a bidirectional exchange of knowledge, ideas, and practices among generations. Furthermore, they recognized the value of external actors with scientific and technical knowledge in promoting innovation and adapting to new challenges. The combination of knowledge and perspectives enriches fisheries management and marine environmental conservation. Promoting the transfer of traditional and scientific knowledge is fundamental to building a future where fishing and marine life coexist in harmony and prosperity. The responsibility of supporting this integration falls on fishing communities and external actors. Working together in this collaborative learning process is the key to achieving sustainable resource management and ensuring the continuity of this valuable tradition for future generations. In doing so, these communities' cultural and ecological richness can be preserved, ensuring a lasting balance between people and the sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peculiarities of legal regulation of population protection during radiation emergency situations at nuclear power plants under martial law conditions have been studied. The decisive link is the prevention of emergency situations at NPPs, the provision of deep-echeloned five-level protection of NPPs in accordance with NP 3062.141-2008 “General provisions for the safety of nuclear plants”. In wartime conditions, additional threats to the NPP as a critical infrastructure facility should be taken into account, including cyber terrorism, cyberespionage, threats of terrorist acts, threats of missile attacks, information threats, as well as the threat of loss of power supply for the NPP’s own needs. The need to create a regulatory body in Ukraine for the implementation of state policy on nuclear and radiation safety issues, as a state collegial body of executive power with a special status, through the adoption of the relevant Law, with the determination of the features of the state regulation of nuclear and radiation safety during the period of martial law, in particular to determine by law, is substantiated conditions for introducing maximum autonomy in NPP management, maximum simplification and minimal intervention in NPP operation while preserving all actions related to ensuring nuclear and radiation safety; proper organization of interaction with the public. According to the results of the study, taking into account the experience of the EU, it is proposed to introduce a system of independent advisory and advisory bodies based on the National Commission for Radiation Protection of the Population of Ukraine (NKRZU), which was formed in accordance with the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of Ukraine of July 16, 1990, as a permanently active higher independent collegial scientific and expert advisory body on anti-radiation protection and radiation safety of the population of Ukraine, with the aim of identifying problematic issues and providing recommendations on the specifics of developing plans for the protection of personnel and the population in the event of radiation accidents at nuclear plants. The research uses the general dialectical method, the method of scientific knowledge, the method of interpreting legal norms, the formal legal method, the comparative legal method, and the method of systemic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the dialogue and circulation of scientific knowledge in the South-South context between Brazil and the African Portuguese Speaking Countries (PALOP), focusing on the Political Science and Political Sociology fields. The main questions are: What strategies have been implemented to foster educational cooperation between Brazil and African countries? How much and for whom do these policies provide educational opportunities? Methodologically, the analysis covers historical, political, and diplomatic aspects that have driven collaboration between Brazil and PALOP in education. We based our analysis on a qualitative literature review, triangulated with quantitative data from Brazilian educational policies. The main conclusion is that Brazil has played a relevant role in training PALOP professionals in recent decades through its foreign policy in the educational field, enabling an epistemic dialogue between Africa and Latin America. Therefore, educational cooperation establishes bridges connecting the Brazilian way of thinking and building Social Sciences and the scientific approaches developed in the PALOP, which can serve as an example for other countries that want to strengthen South-South knowledge production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the formation and development of the oldest scientific centers of Kyivan Rus at the end of the 10th and beginning of the 12th centuries. Art., as well as the economic and legal regime of their property. It has been studied that in Kyivan Rus, as one of the powerful states of Europe in the IX–XII centuries. starting from the 10th century a significant development of education, literature and science was observed, which is connected with the Baptism of Vladimir the Great of Russia, the introduction of Byzantine, canonical law and the formation of the original ancient Russian state and legal thought. It has been established that education and science gained special development under Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise at the end of the 10th century. and the formation of the first national science center in Ukraine – the academic center «Yaroslav Academy», which was established at Sophia Cathedral in 1037. It was found that the activities of the «Yaroslav Academy» were based on both national traditions and the use of ancient and Bulgarian-Byzantine experience. It was noted that the activities of the «Yaroslav Academy» were characterized by the presence of a spectrum of scientific directions: translation activities, creation of own literary works and the first legal monuments («Pravda Ruska»). It has been established that the «Yaroslav Academy» should be considered the first scientific academic environment on the territory of medieval Ukraine, which operated in the format of reviving and spreading scientific knowledge and creating its own scientific works. It is noted that one of the important issues of the Yaroslav Academy’s activities is the study of the economic and legal regime of its property. The article analyzes the legal regulation of land ownership, including the land ownership of the church (Kyiv Metropolis). It was found that the institution of the metropolis provided for the right to independent church-administrative activity in the internal affairs of its diocese. It was established that the management of church property was carried out in accordance with the church statutes. It was concluded that the economic management of the property of the «Yaroslav Academy» was carried out by the Kyiv Metropolitanate, which had the right to manage church property, which was formed at the expense of the «princely tithe», which was deducted in favor of the Church (Kyiv Metropolis) and profits from «church courts». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]