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Purpose: Art forms such as music and drama are among some recognised tools used by educators. This has sparked interest in how art can be used in education, making it a fertile field for educational research. However, there is a missing connection in how drawing can be used as a tool for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students to learn about literature. Methodology: This paper will incorporate an Arts-Based Research (ABR) method to determine how visual art, particularly drawing, can be used as a tool to advance EFL students' understanding of a selected literary text, Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart" (2015) This qualitative study, viewed through the lens of Richard Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML), involved 10 EFL participants and revealed strategies for integrating drawing that are absent in traditional approaches. Additionally, Hameed's (2022) elements of art, Yenawine's (2014) Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS), and Showalter's (2003) concepts of literature learning will be included to ground the framework of the intervention. Findings: This study can be regarded as a method to liberate traditional teaching practices into contemporary approaches, serving as a tool to merge cultural knowledge while improving confidence, higher-order thinking skills, and expression. It also allows educators to be flexible and provoke more reflection and participation. The data discusses three main strategies in exploring how integrating drawing can help EFL students learn about literature: mining to trigger thoughts, engaging with the senses, and giving permission to wonder. Visual art allows individuals to create their responses by exploring new ideas and representing emotions, confirming plans, and comprehending the deeper level of literary texts. Significance: The study will offer insight and work as an alternate strategy for educators and learners alike to utilise visual art as a tool in teaching and learning literature. The findings will also ease the alarming condition where literature teaching and learning are stereotyped as daunting. [This paper was presented at the 12th Malaysian International Conference of Languages, Literature, and Culture (MICOLLAC) held in Penang, Malaysia, in August 2023.]

Student satisfaction in online live classes is considered an important criterion to evaluate the effectiveness of this instructional system. This study aims to develop a performance evaluation index to measure the satisfaction of students who have mastered Chinese language and literature through online live classes. Guided by survey techniques and related theories, a questionnaire on satisfaction in online live classes for students majoring in Chinese language and literature was developed. The reliability and validity of the measurement instrument were assessed through testing, and the results showed good reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to establish a performance evaluation model. The findings of this study contribute to the field of online education by providing a structured method to assess student satisfaction with the Chinese language and literature through online live classes. The performance evaluation index developed in this study can be used by educational institutions to improve the quality of their online instructional programs and improve the overall learning experience for students. Thus, the novelty of the study is to develop an evaluation model that helps educational institutions to evaluate the effectiveness of online live classes and guide the improvement of instructional practices.

In the field of translation studies, while re-narration is commonly observed in translated works, there is a noticeable lack of research focusing on re-narration specifically within wenyan translations. Addressing this gap, this study aims to investigate how re-narration occurs in wenyan translation through the framing strategies employed by translators, using Sun Tzu's The Art of War as a classical wenyan literary example in China. John Minford's 2002 translation is selected for analysis due to its publication in the 21st century and its inclusion of commentary to aid English readers in contextual understanding. The theoretical framework of Baker's Narrative Theory guides this examination. A sample of 671 translation instances from Chinese to English is analysed. The findings reveal that selective appropriation emerges as the primary framing strategy in commentary translation, while the repositioning of participants emerges as the most prominent framing strategy in re-narration.

The lifelong learning strategy is one of the most significant strategies suggested for bringing up modern persons in the appropriate circumstances. This study attempts to identify, in terms of several characteristics, the lifelong learning tendencies of the Turkish language, literature, and Turkish teacher candidates. 297 students studying Turkish Language and Literature as well as Turkish Teacher Certification at a university in the east of Turkey make up the study's sample in the survey model. The Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale (Gür Erdoan & Arsan, 2016) was used to gather the research's data. The information gathered throughout the study was analyzed using four distinct methods, including frequency, percentage, t-test for independent groups, and Kruskal Wallis H test. The statistical software package SPSS for Windows 22.00 was used to analyze the data. The study's findings revealed that, when it comes to gender-related factors, female teacher candidates had stronger lifelong learning tendencies than male teacher candidates. It was discovered that teacher candidates who read books frequently--every day, every other day, and once a week--had better propensities for lifetime learning than those who read books just once a month. It was found that teacher candidates with stronger dispositions toward lifelong learning studied scientific/academic, personal development, adventure, novel/story, and literary genres. Additionally, it was discovered through the research that there was no significant difference in the lifelong learning tendencies of teacher candidates about factors like age, the department or major of science they studied in college, the grade level they studied in, family income level, the education levels of their mothers and fathers, and preferred reading model. In general, it was found that teacher applicants scored extremely well on the lifelong learning tendencies scale when it came to their responses regarding their degrees of willingness to learn and grow over time.

This study examines the extent of awareness among Iraqi English foreign language learners about the potential impact of reading literature on developing their creative writing abilities. Furthermore, this study investigates the relationship between those who partake in literature reading and their academic skills. It examines the participation of 120 Iraqi EFL learners currently enrolled in the faculties of Arts, Education, and Education in Qurna, affiliated with the University of Basrah. It employs a mixed methods approach, including a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between reading literary texts and developing creative writing skills. Several literary elements enhance creative writing, including a comprehensive understanding of figures of speech, cultivating critical thinking skills, engaging in literature courses, practicing paraphrasing poetry, and exposure to various literary genres. The findings also demonstrate that EFL learners profoundly understand the impact of engaging with literary texts on their academic abilities.

This paper addresses the pedagogical implications of incorporating ChatGPT into the college English classroom specifically and, more broadly, into any college course with a focus on writing and research. Historically, advances in technology in the college classroom have characteristically promoted two juxtaposed reactions: relief and anxiety. Students customarily exhibit relief that a new technology will lessen their workload and embrace it wholeheartedly. Conversely, faculty often experience anxiety at how some newfangled computerized application will impact student learning. This juxtaposition creates barriers to an effective integration of new technology into the classroom. What students view as a cool new tool faculty see as a platform that promotes student slacking or, at worst, cheating. Such is the case with ChatGPT. I review generally the ethics of using ChatGPT as a classroom tool to conclude that the potential for advancing educational equity among students outweighs any potential for misuse of this quickly evolving technology. Relying upon established principles of classroom instruction as well as significant trial-and-error experience, I propose a pedagogical framework that allows for limited application of ChatGPT in selected scaffolded assignments. I further offer specific lesson plans to show how incorporation of ChatGPT into the college composition classroom can align with universally accepted goals, objectives, and student learning targets in both freshman composition and traditional literature courses, all while removing barriers and promoting equity. This paper provides faculty who are not already well-versed in ChatGPT with information to evaluate its efficacy for their courses and a flexible framework to include into their pedagogy easily modifiable ChatGPT-based lesson plans that present challenging yet fun scaffolded assignments for any writing or research curriculum.

The decline in English majors has energized instructors to upskill for the post-COVID Gen Z student. Toward that end, this small-scale (n=20), one-semester study of an upper-division literature class identifies the preferred learning styles of English majors at a public comprehensive regional university in Kentucky. The participants represent national English major demographics. The research methods are quantitative and qualitative. Eight figures and an appendix are included. Three guidelines emerge for responding to the needs of Gen Z students: (1) keep communication brief, (2) co-create, and (3) interact in-person. The findings about English major learning preferences uphold cross-disciplinary research on active learning in the post-COVID era by indicating ways our teaching styles can keep pace with the needs of our changing majors. In addition to the participants' experience in the investigator's course, the survey collects their experience of teaching styles in six core courses in the English major. One drawback of the study is the small participant sampling. Future studies might investigate the difference between students' preferred learning styles and instructors' actual teaching styles. Building the English major back better calls for putting accepted theory into reskilled practices.

The rapid development of information technologies in the century we live in has caused significant changes in the field of education. Today, in the information age, traditional reading models with printed materials such as books, newspapers, and magazines have been replaced by reading computers, mobile phones, presentations, and billboards. Thus, information is conveyed to students at all levels through tools such as computers, the Internet, CDs, videos, and printed materials during the education process. It has become necessary to understand the importance of this type of reading, screen reading, in the process of native language teaching and to use it effectively in practice. In this study, it was aimed to examine the Screen Reading Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Turkish Language and Literature and Turkish Teacher Candidates in terms of variables such as age, gender, income level, frequency of internet use, etc. The sample group of this study in the survey model consists of 379 Turkish Language and Literature and Turkish Language Teacher candidates studying at a university in the east of Turkey. The research data was collected with the screen reading self-efficacy perception scale (Ulu, 2018), which has three subcategories: understanding, page management, and eye health dimension. As a result of the research, it is seen that the Screen Reading Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Turkish Language and Literature and Turkish Teacher Candidates are generally in favor of screen reading. Additionally, as a result of the research, it was concluded that Turkish Language and Literature and Turkish Language Teacher candidates' gender and basic computer skills differ in their screen reading perceptions.

The study of language and literature today are inseparable. Unfortunately, the phenomenon of Indonesian learning in junior high schools is in a hesitant position due to the lack of formulating literature as teaching material including indigenous wisdom-based literature that can threaten the extinction of indigenous literature. At Buru Island, literature learning is integrated into Indonesian subjects, but the teachers there are more focused on teaching language using general literature rather than indigenous wisdom literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the situation and needs analysis of the indigenous wisdom-based literature in teaching Indonesian language at Buru Island. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers employed Research and Development (R&D) applying Borg and Gall's steps. This method has certain procedures for the information collecting data related to the situation and needs analysis of 350 junior high school students through questionnaire distribution, interview, and observation toward the process of Indonesian teaching in the classroom. The situation of learning literature in the study involved (1) the law of local content learning, (2) curriculum, (3) syllabus, (4) lesson plan, (5) coursebooks, (6) teachers' competence, and (7) stakeholders' concerns, while, the students' need analysis involved (1) current ability and interest in literature, (2) feedback of students' ability and interest in literature, (3) literature skills priority, (4) learning style, (5) literature learning facilities and infrastructure, (6) literature materials on indigenous wisdom, (7) coursebook of indigenous wisdom-based literature, and (8) learning approaches and strategies based on indigenous wisdom. The result shows that there were still many shortages in implementing of indigenous wisdom-based literature learning in junior high schools, so students' ability and interest were lack. Therefore, the situation and need analysis becomes very important to be explored and to be a consideration in designing course books in indigenous wisdom-based literature for the future.

Linguistic personality, in the domain of applied linguistics and discourse analysis, has risen to the form, content and style of a genre in the contemporary linguistic paradigm. It is determined by an individual's language behaviors, inter-cultural interactions, and self-expression, and is shaped by the educational environment. The current study aimed to examine the issues faced by students in developing their linguistic personality in higher education institutions and understand the impact on students' pragmatic self-esteem. The intent of this study was to raise students' awareness about the quality of an individual's speech and word choice, which can help them become more adept at assessing and analyzing their own speaking abilities. A descriptive research design was used in the study, employing cognitive and linguistic analysis along with content and semantic processing of the language data to investigate the linguistic personality and literary impact of the well-known Kazakh author Mukhtar Auezov (1897-1961) on readers. Results made evident many ethnic realia, terms and phrases and images abound in Auezov's literary works. Students must be trained to study literary works and classic writers from their adolescence. This can help preserve literary continuity, foster the growth of future generations, and advance literary excellence. The study's findings will support educational initiatives that teach literature and languages and create efficient methods for developing a language's personality.

In this study, the 21st-century skills teaching levels of teacher candidates were assessed based on factors such as gender, age, department of study, daily internet usage, the reason for use, family income, residence, and whether or not they had previously heard of 21st-century skills. The research data was gathered using the ten-item 21st Century Skills Teaching Scale, which falls into the following categories: problem-solving, teamwork, innovation, and the benefits of technology Özyurt (2020). Frequency, percentage, t-test for independent groups, Mann Whitney U test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to analyze the study's data. The study's findings showed that Turkish and Turkish Language and Literature teacher candidates' 21st-century skills teaching levels were at the level of slightly proficient in all areas, including problem-solving, teamwork, innovation, and technology use. It has been found that there are differences in the 21st-century skills teaching levels of teacher candidates based on their gender, department of study, residence, and prior understanding of these skills. They also differ based on whether or not they have taken courses on these topics throughout their undergraduate education. It was determined that there was no difference in the 21st-century skills teaching levels of teacher candidates based on factors such as family economic status, age, daily internet usage, and purpose.

This paper shows that integrating various literary texts is a powerful tool for learning foreign languages. An experimental group with thirty-two students was exposed to poems, songs, long texts, short stories, novels, and movie reviews for one semester. The results reveal that students liked the topics dealing with current social developments since they initiated more debates and fostered students' critical thinking and creativity in a learner-centered environment, more independent learning, and more collaboration via the paraphrastic approach. All these led to language enhancement compared to the control group, comprised of thirty-one students. The ideas presented in this study are likely to inspire these students to incorporate a variety of literary texts and topics into their teaching courses beyond EFL classes, serving as guides and agents of social change.

The current study investigates the degree how Arabic language teachers bear in mind the skills of literature circles in teaching Arabic literature for the secondary students from their point of view. to achieve the aim of the study, the descriptive approach was used. The study sample consisted of Arabic language teachers who were studying in the schools of the Aqaba Education Directorate who were (50) male and female, divided into (25) male and (25) female, they were chosen randomly by 90% of the study population. Questionnaire was used to a consisting 30 of paragraph skills of literature circles. For answering research questions, the means, standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been adopted. study results concluded that the skills of literature circles that were taken into account in the course of teaching Arabic literature registered high degree. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that there are statistically significant differences due to gender attributed to female, the effect of years of experience ranging from (6) to (10) years, and in terms of years of experience, there are no significant differences due to years of experience. The study recommended a number of recommendations based on the results of the analysis of the research.

While acquiring a second language, learners may encounter challenges and difficulties in effectively carrying out verbal communication in the second language. Mastering the apology speech act is a challenge for L2 learners. The objective of this study is to identify the apology strategies utilized by individuals learning the Japanese language, as well as the specific types and underlying causes of errors produced during the execution of apologetic speech acts. The results of this study were gathered via the Discourse Completion Test (DCT), which encompassed a sample of 150 Japanese language learners. The gathered data were further classified using eight semantic formulas based on the research conducted by Haristiani and Sopiyanti (2019), while the various types and sources of error categorization were conducted based on the theories proposed by Corder (1981) and Richards (1975). The results of this study suggest that Japanese learners utilize the same primary strategies in apology speech acts. Furthermore, the study findings indicated that learners at the intermediate level displayed a higher frequency of errors in their speech compared to learners at the beginner levels and pre-intermediate levels, particularly in the strategy of taking responsibility. The main reason for this was primarily a lack of familiarity with the conventions of sentence structures, the proper use of language, and the appropriate use of expressions. The other sources of errors in language learning are likely to be ignoring language rule restrictions, incomplete application of rules, the learner's false hypothesis, overgeneralization, and language transfer. This study is anticipated to function as a point of reference for research in interlanguage pragmatics, second-language acquisition, and error analysis. Gaining comprehension of the various problems and difficulties encountered when performing the speech act of apology in Japanese can assist both learners and educators in reducing these errors.

This study raises the unity of the topics of folklore, literature teaching materials, and character education. It aims to explore character education values in endangered Central Malay folklores as a means of internalizing literature teaching. This qualitative study used five informants who not only knew the folklores but also knew the local culture of the Central Malay community in depth. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and note-taking. The data were analyzed using a thematic approach. The research findings show that Central Malay folklore has aesthetic, humanist, ethical, and religious values that can be internalized in literature learning as a form of effort to save Central Malay folklore from extinction through education. This research is not new. However, there is little information about Central Malay folklore in Indonesia. The findings provide benefits and recommendations to researchers, educators, teachers, and policymakers to collaborate and conduct further studies to save Central Malay folklore from extinction and survive in society. In addition, the importance of this research is to increase understanding and foster students' appreciation of local literature while being able to take and practice the character values contained in Central Malay folklore. [Note: The page range (48-63) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 48-62.]

In this study, the effect of digital story applications on students' achievement, attitude and learning retention in teaching the works of literary figures who produced many literary works during the independence period of Kazakhstan was examined. In the study, pre-test-post-test model with control group from quasiexperimental models was used. In the study, Kabdesh Zhumadilov's "Daraboz", "Prometei alauy", Uzakbai Dospambetov's "Kyzyl zholbarys" and "Abylaidyn aq tuy", which came to the fore in the Kazakh Literature course during the independence period, Mukhtar Magauin's tetralogy "Shingis Khan", Raphael Niyazbek's novel "Kosem" and Tursinkhan Zakenuly's "Atilla" were taught with digital stories (experimental group) and lecture method (control group). After six weeks of experimental applications, the experimental group students who applied digital stories achieved a high level of achievement, learning retention and positive attitudes in the literature subjects of the Independent Period of Kazakhstan. Based on the results of the study, suggestions for the teaching of literature and language courses and new research are put forward.

Kazakh and Nogai peoples have shared many similar experiences throughout history. In the theoretical dimension of this study, the common features of Kazakh and Nogai communities in the fields of language, culture and geography are analyzed in a comparative perspective. In the research dimension, the common history of Kazakh and Nogai peoples, language kinship and similarities in the formation of place names were discussed in detail, and the cultural and linguistic ties of these two communities were taught with the support of information technologies. In this context, a pre-test post-test design with control group was applied in the study. Experimental applications were applied in Kazakh Language and Literature course. Toponyms and folk geography terms in Kazakh and Nogai languages were taught with the support of information technologies in the experimental group and traditional teaching in the control group (6 weeks). Kazakh and Nogai Language Achievement Tests and Attitude towards the Course Scale were used as measurement tools in the research. Mann Whitney U test, one of the Non-Parametric statistics, was used to analyze the research data. According to the research findings, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in terms of Kazakh Toponyms and Folk Geography Terms. However, no significant difference was found between the achievements of the experimental and control groups in teaching Nogai Toponyms and Folk Geography Terms. Finally, it was found that the information-supported teaching activities applied in the study positively affected the students' attitudes towards the course.

Edgar Allan Poe's life was plagued by melancholy and disaster, which is evident in all of his writings. Among the many other poets of his generation, his solitude and individuality set him apart from the rest. He gave the Gothic genre a completely new meaning, making it both dark and significant at the same time. First, as an overview is given, of the 19th century, Edgar Allan Poe, and the tragedies that influenced his poetry. This study employs a comprehensive methodology focusing on the close reading of three of Poe's well-known poems: "The Raven," "A Dream within a Dream," and "Alone." By analyzing how sadness and sorrow are portrayed in these poems, the paper investigates the extent to which these emotions impacted Poe's writing. The analytical approach involves delving into the thematic and stylistic nuances of the selected poems, shedding light on the intricate ways in which Poe articulates his emotions. The purpose of this study is to tackle the sense of gloominess and sadness by employing textual and analytical approaches. The significance of the feelings of loss and sorrow in Poe's writings is addressed, drawing connections to Poe's life story. The findings demonstrate that Poe's writings occasionally converge with personal catastrophes, tragedies from his own life, and stories about death sadness, and grief come together on multiple occasions over the course of his demanding career. Concluding that sadness, sorrow, and everything that comes with it were indeed lurking in every one ofhis statements, this paper contributes to the existing literature by portraying the semi-autobiographical image of the author within the realm of his poetry. The textual and analytical approaches used in this study provide a nuanced understanding of how personal experiences influenced Poe's poetic expression, enriching our comprehension of the intricate relationship between his life and art.

Attention to the disconnection between culture and mathematics has been addressed then and now (Wilder (in: Graves et al., Proceedings of the international congress of mathematicians, American Mathematical Society, 1950; Liu in Taiwan Journal of Mathematics Education, 8:79-88, 2021b). Recently, studies, workshops, and contests about an approach to relating culture and mathematics, such as incorporating mathematics history or mathematics writings in class, have emerged. However, although the effectiveness of such an approach was proved, employing it as instruction was still significantly ignored, not to mention the approach to creating mathematics literary writings--the goal that the Mathematics-Literature Contest aimed to achieve. Additionally, no empirical studies have systematically assessed the contest, especially from the cultural perspective. Through teachers' and students' perceptions, this qualitative case study aims to examine the impact of mathematics literary writings on the development of mathematics teaching/learning and the mathematics culture represented in the contest. Ten teachers and 20 students were interviewed. Data were analyzed by following Yin's five phases (2016). The study visualizes an evolutionary model of the contest, signifying the development of mathematics culture simultaneously. Results demonstrated that the contest caused teachers and students, who constituted the internal force, to consolidate the mathematics culture, which was enriched by the external force--to reinterpret the connection between mathematics as well as culture and the reform of general education. The developed mathematics culture included elements other than mathematics, such as the Chinese writings and their interactions with mathematics and life experiences. The findings hold implications for mathematics and general education: An interdisciplinary curriculum design can help cultivate teachers' and students' intellectual acumen; higher education communities worldwide must follow the trend.

This article discusses young women's reading practices and the social uses of literature for enabling gender equality that are present in those practices. Through a digital ethnography study where six young women collaborated as participants, I asked the data: How is literature, precisely its capacity to be used, conceived by young women readers in the search for gender equality? These women's reading engagements are tightly woven with a gender perspective. What are these readers embracing, and what are they rejecting by assuming a gender lens? By tracing these attachments and exclusions, I describe how books affect readers' perspectives and practices on their identities, their choice of authors, the cultural value of books, the social representations of books and reading as education. Participants' close and distant connections between the book and their desire for gender equality allow me to discuss the literature's pedagogical instrumentality and uselessness for achieving gender-inclusive literacy. Finally, I argue that a plural and non-functional approach to literature could offer young people heterogeneous and more creative forms to approach the challenge of gender equality.

This large-scale survey study examined how teachers select and integrate global and culturally diverse children's and young adult literature for their classrooms. Results from the survey captured self-reports of the selection process, suggesting if and how teachers were selecting and integrating this literature and reflecting possible influence from children's and young adult literature courses taken in teacher preparation programs. Taking general children's and young adult literature courses, and specific courses on diverse literature and global literature was found to be related to teachers' responses to questions centered on selecting, evaluating, and integrating global and culturally diverse literature. These courses may be pivotal to increase the needed integration of global and culturally diverse children's and young adult literature into secondary and elementary classroom instruction.

This paper outlines the development of a new Indigenous research methodology: Indigenous Literature Re-view Methodology (ILRM). In the rejection of the idea that Western, dominant forms of research 'about' Indigenous peoples are most valid, ILRM was developed with aims to research in ways that give greater emphasis to Indigenous voices and knowledges, foregrounding Indigenous ways of being, doing and knowing. The advantages of ILRM include identifying themes as 'relevant' as opposed to 'common'. This method is based on relatedness, which is framed by Aboriginal ontology, axiology and epistemology, or ways of being, ways of doing and ways of knowing. Describing and employing ILRM to re-view Indigenous Australian boarding school literature, it was found there is a modest but robust body of research that has emerged in the past 20 years. Sixty-six written sources (i.e. journal articles, reports, theses and books) which were published in 2000 onwards and focussed on a topic of contemporary Indigenous boarding schooling were analysed. Sources that included a chapter or section on boarding as part of a publication focussed on other topics were not included in this re-view. Seven major themes emerged, including home, student experience, transitions, access, staff, health and evaluation. This paper focusses on the development and use of ILRM as an Indigenous methodology for researchers in Indigenous fields of study.

Drawing on the experiences of teaching Beloved in an elite, college preparatory context, the following research paper works towards alternative approaches to teaching trauma and difficult histories. After exploring some of the limitations and applications of the education as séance approach, this paper constructs a framework for teaching difficult histories modeled after Toni Morrison's description of The Clearing, a place of embodied, radical subjectivity, and personal transformation within a community of love and support.

This study considers the relative benefits for vocabulary learning of exposure to two types of texts--literary or nonliterary--used with two teaching approaches. These approaches were termed "functional and creative", respectively. In the former, learners' attention was drawn to factual information and linguistic features in order to develop their linguistic knowledge. In the latter, the aim was to stimulate learners' personal and emotional response, by drawing their attention to the text's emotional content and how language was used to express meaning. We analyzed data from 160 learners of French in eight schools in England. Learners in four schools studied French poems and those in another four studied French factual texts. Teachers in each text condition employed functional and creative methods of exploitation within a counterbalanced design. We assessed two types of vocabulary knowledge at pre- and posttest: meaning recall of vocabulary contained in the texts, and learners' general vocabulary size. Our results indicated learning gains across both text types. There were, however, important interactions between text type and teaching approach and between text type and the order in which the teaching approaches were used. Finally, we consider the implications of these findings for understanding of vocabulary learning through literature and for classroom practice.

Abundant research has tried to understand how games can be designed and used effectively to improve the learning process and to examine the correlations between digital learning games and student motivation, engagement, and knowledge retention. The current study examined the correlation between learning through digital game-based learning (DGBL) and students' achievements, their sense of involvement, and motivation for learning. Using a quantitative approach, data was drawn from questionnaires and exams in two subjects: literature and language. Participants were 320 male and female students aged 12-14 attending a single middle school participated in the study. The students were randomly divided into three groups, each group was given a unique teaching and learning method. Group 1 studied and practiced using the traditional method (a teacher who teaches in the classroom and worksheets for practice), Group 2 studied with the traditional method but practiced with a digital game and Group 3 learned and practiced using a digital game. The findings showed that the students' attained significantly higher achievements in the group that was taught traditionally but practiced with a digital game. It was also found that when digital learning games are integrated into teaching and learning, the students' motivation and involvement in the class increased.

Beginning with the question of the usefulness of Rousseau's "Émile" for contemporary education, this article explores the fantasy held by educational thinkers and practitioners regarding Rousseau's concept of Natural Education. Using French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan's theory of fantasy, which is based on a relationship between the subject and the object of their desire, Nicholas Stock breaks down Natural Education in a number of ways. Initially, he explores the signifier of nature as an object of desire for both Rousseau and the contemporary educationalist. Next, he examines how Rousseau deploys the signifier in "Émile" and how this creates an ontology of the child that claims to understand their nature while designating them as Other. This point opens up discussion of desires in light of Lacan's examination of Marquis de Sade and sadism. Equally, in exploring Rousseau's dialectical relationship with Sade, Stock goes on to discuss how the fantasy of nature in Rousseau opens up possibilities of sadistic desire. Finally, he concludes the article by deconstructing the binary upheld between nature and culture through an exploration of pastoral literature. It is this pastoralism that gives a desirable quality to nature, thus sustaining its fantasy in educational circles.

This research aimed: (1) to compare literature learning achievement on the topic of Rachathirat for Saming Pha Ram Arsa by Matthayomsuksa 1 students using the KWL Plus technique with cooperative learning, before and after learning; and (2) to study the level of satisfaction with the literature learning activities on the topic of Rachathirat for Saming Pha Ram Arsa by Matthayomsuksa 1 students using the KWL Plus technique with cooperative learning, before and after learning. Samples included 42 Matthayomsuksa 1 students from Satriwithaya School during semester 1 in academic year 2022. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the samples. The research instruments were a literature learning achievement test and a satisfaction survey. The statistics used for analysis comprised arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and dependent t-test. The results of this research were as follows: (1) the literature learning achievement on the topic of Rachathirat for Saming Pha Ram Arsa by Matthayomsuksa 1 students after learning using the KWL Plus technique with cooperative learning was significantly higher than before learning at 0.05; and (2) overall satisfaction was found to be at the highest level.

This article discusses the relevance and construction of the concept of 'literariness' within pedagogy for an effective engagement with works of literature and literary theory. By juxtaposing Mikhail Bakhtin's dialogic mode of understanding, with Bhartrhari's doctrine of the "dhvani" and the "sphota," this article attempts to draw upon these theories as resources through which 'totalizing' concepts could be effectively communicated. Through an analysis of Bhartrhari's idea of meaning-making interpreted through the lens of Bakhtin's creative understanding, this article attempts to make a case for considering the 'literary' as an underlying language principle within all works of literature. This article, while limited to a purely theoretical endeavour, aims to reframe some of our assumptions on the communication of wide-reaching, fundamental concepts within a given field.

This paper presents an analysis of the prescribed text list for senior school English (including English as an Additional Language or Dialect, EAL/D) in Queensland, Australia. Queer understandings about the normalization of cisgender and heterosexuality provide a framework to analyze prescribed texts for adolescent learners. Hetero-cisgender norms are perpetuated through overrepresentation in endorsed texts. Representations of queer subjectivities or themes in the most highly promoted texts, those appearing on the examination list, are infrequent and minor. Reflexive justice thinking acknowledges the critique of merely identifying "who is missing" in the literature and extends the discussion to consider the complexities of the social, cultural, and political contexts that influence who gets to decide.

Engaging students in the reading process is challenging when they are unable to connect to texts. It is important to provide inclusive and diverse texts (IDTs) in the language arts curriculum. To promote a positive reading experience, all students need to read IDTs with non-stereotypical depictions of girls, women, people of Color, and more. This is challenging when obstacles such as limited resources, a lack of teacher preparation to meet challenges, and stakeholder opposition to "non-traditional" literature may hinder educators' efforts to include IDTs. Using effective instructional strategies, increasing home and school literacy connections, and providing focused teacher training can help overcome these obstacles. Literary texts that reflect multiple identities will promote a more equitable representation of all students within the classroom community. This paper discusses possible strategies and approaches for including and engaging with IDTs and resources educators can use to address instructional challenges and find high-quality texts.

In this discussion, we argue for those who are literacy educators to reframe gossip as a dialogic, feminist act in their teaching and interpretation of gossip as framed in the literature they teach in secondary English language arts (ELA) classrooms. Reframing gossip as a feminist act invites meaning-makers to view those conversations and generative dialogues discursively gendered in deficit ways (or gossip) as proactive, productive, and powerful tools of connection between and within societies and communities. We share how we centered and created through a critical feminist lens, an ELA curriculum that supports gossip as a literary tool that drives narratives in plot formation, as well as a means to enhance characters' positions, personalities, allies, and enemies within a story. Most importantly, we use gossip as an analytical tool to reframe and promote gender equity, guiding preservice teachers and adolescents in critical analysis of the innumerable ways systems and institutions of power and privilege -- such as race, ethnicity, religion, and sexuality -- intersect in the fight for gender equality. First, we will discuss our guiding theoretical framework of critical feminist pedagogy to examine the ELA curriculum. Next, we share how the development of a curricular unit on reframing gossip in literature unfolded organically through a monthly Saturday workshop called "Writing Us In: Developing Critical Literacy Curriculum for ELA Classrooms." Then, we showcase how one preservice ELA teacher applied the critical feminist lenses examined within the workshop space to develop a linked text set and subsequent ELA curricular unit with the aims of her future students to critically analyze, from a feminist lens, how gossip is portrayed in society and how it is framed in literature. We end with a discussion of how our spotlight student reflects on this project and her key takeaways.

Brazilian writer Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977) was born in a rural community and spent most of her life in a slum. Despite this, her literary work achieved remarkable editorial success, having its value recognized by critics and academic circles. This paper analyzes Carolina Maria de Jesus's autobiographical narratives in the light of John Dewey's aesthetic theory, with the purpose of investigating the factors responsible for the development of her aesthetic sensitivity -- intellectual and emotional dispositions favorable to involvement with artistic practices. The results suggest that Carolina Maria de Jesus's literary skills, which express not only individual but also collective yearnings, resulted from the incentive she received to think about things that do not exist and from her relationship with people who favored the formation of a personality open to varied experiences. Such results are presented as requirements for a democratic and humanist education that aims at the flowering of aesthetic sensitivity and encourages educators and students to believe in their creative potential.

This study examined secondary school teachers' beliefs about the purpose, importance, and principles of assessment. Forty-seven Literature-in-English teachers in the Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria, were sampled using the mixed-method research design. Literature-in-English Teachers' Assessment Beliefs Questionnaire (r = 0.76) and Literature-in-English Students' Class-Assessment Checklist were used in collecting quantitative data. Ten teachers were interviewed. Analyses of data suggest that teachers considered assessment an essential element of teaching, but they could not translate their beliefs into practice. Possible causes of the inconsistencies were not established, suggesting areas for future research. Some recommendations were made.

This study examines the effects of providing students with the literature-related foundations of knowledge revealed in the works of the famous Zhyrau who lived in the in the city of Aktau, Mangistau region of Kazakhstan, through online and traditional teaching. For this purpose, pretest-posttest model with study control group was applied. The study was conducted on the subject of "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature" at the Department of Kazakh Philology in the 2022 academic year and lasted 6 weeks. According to the research findings, it has been seen that online supported blended teaching has a positive effect on the success of the course and the retention of what has been learned in the subject of "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature" compared to traditional teaching. In another finding of the study, there was no significant difference in the attitudes and perceptions of national values of the participant student groups on the subject of "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature". In both groups, students in the experimental group with online supported blended teaching and the control group students in the traditional teaching achieved very high posttest course attitude and national value perception scores. Online, blended and traditional activities on "The Zhyrau and Their Place in Kazakh Language Literature" have positively and highly affected students' attitudes and perceptions of national values.

When trying to promote empathy, it is not sufficient to merely learn about other people and cultures if we seek to understand them better (Case, 1993). As a language arts teacher and researcher, the author sought to explore the potential for multicultural literature to expand adolescent learners' worldviews and shape their perceptions as global citizens through classroom inquiry. This doctoral research features the case study of her Grade 8 class. Findings revealed that through narrative imagination (Nussbaum, 1997), learners' experiences led to emerging themes of empathy, insight, and agency. This article focuses on the most prominent of these themes: empathy.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a relatively novel approach to L2 learning. Designed under this approach, this paper proposes a set of three activities that seek to foster secondary level students' critical thinking, creativity, and intrapersonal skills. English language learning is integrated with the specific subjects of Literature, by analyzing and creating poetry, and History, discussing poems by Marcelo Gelman, Osvaldo Balbi, and Joaquín Enrique Areta, who were victims of the final Argentina's military dictatorship (1976-1983).

In this study, the effects of constructivist learning and computer-assisted instruction on the achievement and attitudes of high school 2nd grade students in learning folk literature unit were examined by comparing with traditional teaching methods. The sample of the study consisted of 60 high school 2nd grade students studying in a high school in Arkalyk, Kazakhstan. The folk literature unit was taught by using constructivist learning and computer assisted instruction method in the experimental group, while traditional teaching methods were used in the control group. Constructivist teaching was organized according to the 5E model and associated with computer assisted instruction. The experimental applications of the research lasted 7 weeks. Folk literature achievement test and attitude scale towards folk literature were used to collect the data. As a result of the study, it was found that the students who studied with constructivist learning and computer-assisted instruction method achieved higher achievement levels in learning the folk literature unit compared to the students who studied with traditional teaching methods. The study also found out that constructivist learning and computer-assisted instruction practices significantly increased students' attitudes towards folk literature subjects.

With the COVID-19 pandemic that has affected the whole world, the digitalization process has accelerated and the importance of stakeholders having online learning competencies in the learning-teaching process has increased. At the same time, the functioning of education and training globally has been affected by this process and courses in language and literature departments have had to be moved to digital platforms during the COVID-19 process. In this study, the competencies and attitudes of academics, teachers and students in the field of language towards online education after COVID-19 are examined with a comparative approach. In this context, with a cross-sectional approach, the study was conducted on lecturers, teachers and students working in the field of language in different cities of Kazakhstan. In the study, online education competencies and attitudes were analyzed with t-test according to gender variable and F-test according to status factor. According to the findings of the study, it was found that the participants' attitudes towards online education after COVID-19 were positive, while their competencies were at a medium level. Language field participants' attitudes towards online education did not differ according to gender and status factors. However, significant differences were found in terms of online education competence according to the gender and status of the participants.