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Although referees who officiate in the amateur football leagues are exposed to various stressors that can negatively affect their mental health (MH), little is known about their MH symptoms. The purpose of the study was to evaluate MH symptoms of referees who officiate in the Turkish amateur football leagues. An online survey was sent to all referees in the Turkish amateur football leagues (n = 4,900) incorporating standardized scales assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 1,279 referees participated in the study. Female referees reported higher depression (p <.01) and anxiety (p =.02) scores than males. Younger referees (23–27 years) reported higher depression (p =.01) and anxiety (p <.01) scores than older (>38 years) referees. Results showed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress scores were associated with marital status (being single), lower incomes, severe sports injury history, and inadequate social support. In light of these results, MH assessments should be undertaken to detect which referees are at greater risk of MH problems and facilitate appropriate and timely MH interventions. Further study is needed to inform MH risk reduction strategies and/or programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical race theory (CRT) is a powerful framework and methodological tool for sport scholars and practitioners to incorporate into their work. While CRT tenets vary depending on discipline, individuals utilizing the framework understand the permanence of racism and how it is institutionalized within various social structures. In honor of the 40th year of the Sociology of Sport Journal, we conducted a review of the journal to assess how CRT has been used among sport sociologists. After reflecting on the 40-year history of Sociology of Sport Journal, we argue for the continued use of CRT and CRT extensions to fulfill the maximum potential of this foundational framework to achieve its goals of emancipation, social justice, and racial equity. We conclude by discussing the future of CRT in sport sociology research and practice in a post "racial reckoning" society, specifically within the U.S. context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the history and development of burnout research in the field of sport and performance. It discusses five eras of burnout research, highlighting the contributions and limitations of each era. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the past to inform future research and practice efforts in burnout in sport. It specifically focuses on the early longitudinal research era and the contemporary longitudinal research/meta-analysis era, discussing the advancements made in these periods. The article calls for more longitudinal research, the development of interventions, and the consideration of sport policies and sampling diversity in future burnout research. [Extracted from the article]

The Nietzschean Übermensch or 'superman' was frequently invoked in sports-writing of the early twentieth century. While the misappropriation of this figure by the Nazis and Fascists in their programmes of national or racial renewal is well known, the superman appeared in other, less familiar contexts too. This article explores the various roles that the 'superman' played in Anglophone as well as German-speaking discourse prior to 1933, as a way of expressing, and interrogating, the ideals that shaped modern athletic culture and of framing long-standing debates in the history of sport: on professionalism and amateurism, national identity, commercialisation and specialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to characterize the association between the timing of MRI ordering and completion for pediatric knee injuries and Social Deprivation Index (SDI), which is a comprehensive, validated, county-level, measure of socioeconomic variation in health outcomes based upon combining geography, income, education, employment, housing, household characteristics, and access to transportation. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed of patients 21 years old and younger from our institution with a history of knee sports injury (ligamentous/soft tissue injury, structural abnormality, instability, inflammation) evaluated with MRI between 5/26/2017 and 12/28/2020. Patients were from three states and attended to by physicians associated with an urban academic institution. Patients were assigned SDI scores based on their ZIP code. Excluded from the study were patients with a non-knee related diagnosis (hip, foot, or ankle), patients from ZIP codes with unknown SDI, and non-sports medicine diagnoses (tumor, infection, fracture). Results: In a multivariate regression analysis of 355 patients, increased SDI was independently associated with increased time from clinic visit to MRI order (p = 0.044) and from clinic visit to MRI completion (p = 0.047). Each 10-point increase in SDI (0–100) was associated with a delay of 7.2 days on average. SDI itself was found to be associated with a patient's race (p < 0.001), ethnicity (p < 0.001), and insurance category (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased SDI is independently associated with longer time from clinic visit to knee MRI order and longer time from clinic visit to knee MRI completion in our pediatric population. Recognizing potential barriers to orthopedic care can help create the change necessary to provide the best possible care for all individual patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Personality has a long, if somewhat checkered history in the sport psychology literature, but insight into its use in contemporary applied practice is more limited. This study investigated contemporary sport psychology consultants' perceptions of using personality assessment. Ten participants (four female and six male; mean 14 years' applied experience), all Health and Care Professions Council–registered and accredited by either the British Psychological Society or British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences, were purposefully sampled and interviewed. An inductive thematic analysis was then performed. Five themes were identified: effective practice, perceived impact, societal movements, organizational experience, and innovation. Findings deliver an original insight into the perceptions of practitioners around personality assessment in sport, illustrating a movement from prediction to development in the field and providing novel examples of bespoke, individualized tool application. Broad training and career experiences will help practitioners fully appreciate these potential opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers if sport, broadly defined, can be constructed as a decolonizing practice for Indigenous Peoples incarcerated in Canadian prisons. Situating our analysis within transformative and decolonizing approaches to sport for development, we bring together disparate literatures—on settler colonialism and Indigenous incarceration, decolonization and Indigenous resurgence, and sport and incarceration—to critically analyze possibilities and limitations of sport as a vehicle for decolonization in an inherently colonial institution. Recognizing the structural constraints to such a process, we also critique the settler colonial state and criminal justice system in which many Indigenous Peoples are enmeshed. The article contributes to sport for development's ongoing engagement with issues of decolonization and criminal justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a longstanding relationship with hockey, Black Canadians are typically erased from dominant histories of Canada and sport. Erasure is detrimental to Black prosperity because it encourages social death, a process that socially marginalizes and dehumanizes Black Canadians. In response to Black erasure, we detail counter-narratives that challenge the historically whitewashed account of hockey's origin in Canada. We celebrate the impact and contributions of Black Canadians, who transformed hockey while using it as a sport-for-development vehicle in the 19th and 20th century. Given the centrality of hockey to Canadian nationalism, we suggest that Black erasure within sport and society is an attempt at Black social death within Canada. By highlighting the sport development and sport-for-development work of Black Canadians, our objective is to confront Black erasure and exclusion. That way, Black presence becomes less surprising in the grand narrative of Canada, and Black social death becomes less certain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of Ken Burns' documentary series "Baseball" on American culture and the author's personal connection to the game. The author reflects on the series' ability to explore various themes such as race, immigration, and labor through the lens of baseball. They also discuss how the series captures the timeless nature of the game and contrasts it with the modern trends in professional baseball, such as attempts to speed up the game and create a more entertainment-focused experience. The author concludes by emphasizing the importance of storytelling and personal memories in keeping the spirit of baseball alive. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses two recent books that explore the field of public history in Poland. The first book, "Public History in Poland," provides an overview of the field, covering both top-down institutional aspects and bottom-up activities. The second book, "The History of Poland, vol. 5, The Commonwealth Empire," is part of a larger project by a renowned historian to write an eleven-volume overview of Poland's history. The article highlights the connection between the project and public history, as well as the importance of diverse perspectives in understanding history. The author also discusses the moral and ethical aspects of identity history and patriotism in Poland. [Extracted from the article]

Lilian Harrison was a pioneering South American swimmer who established new records for open water distance swimming, and time spent swimming, in December 1923, as she became the first person to swim across the Rio de la Plata, from Uruguay to Argentina. Until now, her achievements have been remembered and studied as a South American history, from Harrison's birth in Quilmes to her training in Tigre, to the tumultuous reception she received when returning to Buenos Aires after her successful swim. In this article, we situate Harrison's achievement within the historical context of her early life and education, which was spent in an idealistic and pioneering school in Letchworth Garden City, in England. We argue that Harrison's English schooling was a vital ingredient in her 1923 success that was generally overlooked in the press reports. Using existing newspaper sources as well as privately-held family papers which we have been fortunate to consult, we look at Harrison's education at school, in the pool and her family upbringing. The article concludes with some reflections on the nature of global sporting histories in the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design. Retrospective case series. Objective. To report the detailed bone fusion rates and duration of treatment in unilateral and bilateral cases of pediatric lumbar spondylolysis (LS). Summary of Background Data. Early diagnosis and optimal conservative management for LS are crucial for achieving bony healing without surgery. However, existing research on the conservative treatment of pediatric LS, particularly regarding bone union rates and treatment duration for each stage of bilateral spondylolysis, is limited. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 590 pediatric patients (522 boys and 68 girls) under 18 years of age diagnosed with LS and treated conservatively from 2015 to 2021. The diagnosis was based on computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging findings, with stages classified as very early, early, progressive, or terminal. Patient background, sports history, level and stage of spondylolysis, presence of spina bifida occulta, bone union rate, duration of conservative treatment, and recurrence rate were retrospectively analyzed. Results. The overall bone union rate was 81.9%, with a mean conservative treatment duration of 53.7 days. Unilateral LS cases showed decreased bone union rates with stage advancement (very early; 98.2%, early; 96.0%, progressive; 64.3%). Bilateral LS cases with progressive or terminal stage demonstrated low bone union rates (very early/very early; 100%, early/very early; 94.1%, progressive/ very early; 66.7%, early/early; 82.9%, progressive/early; 32.3%, progressive/progressive; 23.7%, very early/terminal; 0%, early/terminal; 50.0%, progressive/terminal; 11.1%). The duration of conservative treatment extended as the stage of the main and contralateral lesions progressed, ranging from 39.1 days (very early/ none) to 105 days (progressive/terminal). The recurrence rate after bone fusion was 16.6%, with no differences based on lesion stage. Conclusions. In this series of 590 patients, conservative treatment yielded high bone union rates for pediatric LS. However, union rates decreased with stage advancement, especially in bilateral cases. These findings provide valuable insights for prognosticating natural history and outcome regarding LS treatment, bone union, and return to activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Geopolitical Economy of Sport: Power, Politics, Money, and the State" is a book edited by Simon Chadwick, Paul Widdop, and Micheal Goldman that explores the intersection of sport and geopolitics. The book covers various regions, including Russia and Ukraine, China, The Gulf and South Asia, and Africa, and examines topics such as athlete reactions to war, sports sanctions, and the use of sport for peace and diplomacy. It also delves into specific cases, such as the NBA's relationship with China and the impact of the European Super League on football. The book provides valuable insights for researchers and students studying sports governance and politics, as well as anyone interested in the geopolitics of sport. [Extracted from the article]

Professional sport is a central element of our daily entertainment that contributes to shaping us individually and bonding us collectively: it provides us with shared 'historic' moments. This article is interested in these moments, and how the field of sports generates them, by asking the following questions: (1) has the frequency of 'historic moments' changed over time, and (2) is the way we make sports history consistent throughout the years? We conducted a temporal analysis of newspaper and magazine articles (n = 1062) published in France (Le Monde, l'Équipe) and in the United States (USA Today, Sports Illustrated) during three time periods in the 21st century (2003, 2010, 2019). Our results show that: (1) as time passes, 'historic' moments occur more frequently; (2) sporting history is increasingly linked to social dimensions; and (3) statistical performances continue to mark history above all else. Although performance-based achievements are consistently celebrated, sporting history cannot be separated from our collective social existence, and the currents therein. We show that the act of making sports history is also bound to the normative, social, and cultural history of a society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid technological development, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) technology is now widely used in medicine, engineering, and art. Recently, the sports industry has started exploring its potential. This study investigates the application of CAD technology in sports training for Chinese university students and its impact on their athletic performance and well-being. The study involved 1,000 university students from five selected schools. Data collected included basic information, sports performance history, training data, and CAD simulation data. Health assessments covered cardiovascular health, body mass index, and metabolic indicators. A multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze athletic performance and health indicators, with CAD simulation data, training duration, physical fitness test scores, and other factors as independent variables. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between CAD simulation data and athletic performance (β=0.35, p<0.001). Training duration (β=0.25, p<0.001) and physical fitness test scores (β=0.20, p<0.01) also showed significant positive associations with athletic performance. Additionally, CAD simulation data positively correlated with cardiovascular health (β=0.18, p<0.01) and body mass index (β=0.14, p<0.05). Grade level and gender had insignificant influence in the model. This study provides evidence of the positive role of CAD technology in enhancing athletic performance and health among Chinese university students. CAD technology offers accurate data analysis for coaches and athletes, aiding in the design of efficient training programs. Integrating CAD technology into sports training models holds promise for improving the athletic level and physical well-being of university students. This research highlights the potential of CAD technology in sports science and practice, offering valuable guidance for future research and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To determine (1) the incidence rate of lower extremity (LE) bone stress injuries (BSIs) in United States Air Force Special Warfare (AFSPECWAR) trainees during the first 120 days of training, and (2) factors associated with sustaining a LE BSI. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods AFSPECWAR Airmen (n  = 2,290, mean age = 23.7 ± 3.6 years) entering an intensive 8-week preparatory course "SW-Prep" between October 2017 and May 2021. We compared anthropometric measurements, previous musculoskeletal injury (MSKI), fitness measures, and prior high-impact sports participation in those that did and did not suffer a BSI during the 120-day observation period using independent t -tests and chi-square tests. A multivariable binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with suffering a BSI. Results A total of 124 AFSPECWAR trainees suffered a BSI during the surveillance period, yielding an incidence proportion of 5.41% and an incidence rate of 1.4 BSIs per 100 person-months. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower 2-minute sit-up scores, no prior history of participation in a high-impact high-school sport, and a history of prior LE MSKI were associated with suffering a BSI. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.727. Conclusion BSI incidence proportion for our sample was similar to those seen in other military settings. Military trainees without a history of high-impact sports participation who achieve lower scores on sit-ups tests and have a history of LE MSKI have a higher risk for developing a LE BSI during the first 120 days of AFSPECWAR training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materiales para la Historia del Deporte is the property of Polytechnic University of Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Sport Management in the Ibero-American World: Product and Service Innovations" is a comprehensive and cohesive book that explores the impact of technological advancements, fitness industry trends, and sporting event management on sport management practices in the Ibero-American region. The book focuses on eight countries and regions, including Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Spain, Portugal, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela, and features empirical case studies and practical issues from 53 contributors. Divided into three sections, the book covers innovations in technologies, the fitness industry, and sports events. It offers a valuable resource for students, researchers, and industry professionals in the field of sport management, providing theoretical insights, empirical data, and practical solutions. [Extracted from the article]

Competing for the gods: agonistic rituals in the ancient world (Competiendo para los dioses: los rituals agonísticos en el mundo antíguo): edited by Rocío Gordillo Hervás, Eduardo Ferrer Albelda and Álvaro Pereira Delgado, Seville, University of Seville, 2022, 14€, (hardback), ISBN 978-84-472-3023-5 While the Olympics are the most significant record of sports practice since classical antiquity, they remain one of the most significant and universal manifestations of the presence of sport in the modern world. In chapter six, Rocío Gordillo Hervás focuses on how Emperor Hadrian, interested in homogenising the religious and civil time of the entire Roman Empire, uses the Greek agonistic ritualistic competitions to create a new calendar. [Extracted from the article]

The novelty effect has a long history in sport facility research with most research examining new facility construction. The present study explores the impact of renovated facilities, specifically the novelty effect, as it pertains to revenue and secondarily attendance. Within, we also explore four different renovation types as classified by the U.S. National Registry of Historic Places to look at any individual impact or revelation using institutions participating in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. Results from ordinary least squares and Tobit estimations from a sample period covering 1993 through 2017 conclude a novelty effect associated with renovations does exist for attendance. However, the effect is shorter in duration and delayed by a few seasons based upon the type of renovation. As for revenues, we find some positive impact on revenues. Those impacts are delayed are on based on certain types of renovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dede Korkut Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Dede Korkut Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coaching researchers from different academic disciplines have been occupied for years in exploring the constraints and barriers that women face when entering the coaching profession, not only at the level of individual agency but also at a structural and socio-cultural level. This paper reprises some of their findings and recognises that historians of coaching have made little contribution to the debate, apart from confirming the critical part played by networks, community, and experience in facilitating coaching careers. While the existing historiography has focused almost exclusively on male coaching practices and on a masculine orientated cultural heritage of coaching, attention is drawn here to the way in which the limited literature on women in coaching has been the result of adopting a very narrow definition of 'coach'. This introduction to the special issue of Sport in History highlights the range of terms historically used by women in coaching-related roles and the way in which women transcended social constraints to become coaches. Although the 'herstory' of sports coaching is only just being uncovered, these contributions represent an important stimulus to the further development of the topic and the paper concludes by highlighting how historians of women's coaching will be taking their research forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to redress the lack of research on women's roles as riding instructors and sport coaches in Britain. During the long nineteenth century, women were enmeshed in professional equestrian activities, and their activities had momentous consequences on the practice of equestrianism as a whole. Women were needed to teach riding to other women because women rode differently from men – on a different saddle and in different clothes. These differences created a space, and a need, for a new kind of female businesswoman, coach, and sporting authority, and enabled a new kind of sporting liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the field of digital history and its impact on the discipline. It discusses the use of computational methods to analyze and disseminate knowledge about the past. The article highlights how digital technologies have changed approaches to understanding history, including online searches for historical information, publishing research online, and engaging with computational methods. It also examines the role of digital history in public engagement, inquiry-based learning, and the purposes of history. The article emphasizes the importance of critical reflection on the use of digital technologies in historical research and education. It discusses the challenges and benefits of adopting digital tools, as well as the need for students to develop both historical and digital literacies. The text acknowledges the changes brought about by digital technologies in historical research and education, but also notes the need for educators to equip future historians with necessary digital literacy skills. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an overview of the history and importance of sports in Australian culture. It emphasizes the significant role that sports play in shaping Australian popular culture and national identity, as well as their economic contribution. The article acknowledges the development of impressive sporting arenas and the presence of statues honoring sporting heroes. It also addresses the role of sports in fostering social cohesion and national identity, especially in the absence of a shared history or religion. The article recognizes the historical exclusion of Indigenous people from mainstream sports and the subsequent efforts to include them. It highlights the success of Australian cricket teams in the late 19th century as a symbol of national cooperation and achievement. The concept of "sportive nationalism" is introduced, which links sporting success with national pride. The article acknowledges criticisms of Australian sporting culture, particularly in relation to male sports, but notes the positive growth and acceptance of women's team sports. It concludes by discussing the limited academic attention given to Australian sport history and the importance of teaching and researching this topic. [Extracted from the article]

Who gets to be 'sporty' and active in public is an enduring topic of socio-political debate. Disparities in participation continue from limited access, support and funding to ill-fitting equipment and clothing. This article focuses on the latter. Women have long been disproportionally restricted and harassed in public space not only in relation to how, where and when they move but also what they wear. I approach this issue via a unique data source – global clothing inventions for sport and athletic activities (1890–1940). Analysing convertible, multiple and hidden clothing patents, by and for women, reveals how inventors tackled ongoing socio-political restrictions to women's freedom of movement from the ground up and, often secretly, from the inside out. I suggest these data might be read as acts of resistance, enabling wearers to move and inhabit spaces in new ways, engage in a wider range of activities and make claims to equal public participation and mobility rights. These lesser-known clothing inventions invite us below the surface of conventional sporting histories, expand ideas around the creative possibilities of sport and activewear, and spark imaginaries of what other kinds of inclusive and inventive athletic identities might be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the time he retired in 1982 as executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) until 2019, the baseball establishment blacklisted Marvin Miller from the Baseball Hall of Fame. This article recounts how Miller, one of the most influential figures in baseball history, was excluded for so many years by the corporate‐backed plutocracy that runs the sport. The Hall of Fame's board of directors stacked the committees responsible for voting on candidates with owners and executives who despised Miller and the players union. It also reveals how and why he was eventually inducted in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clark Family has played a significant role in American history, with George Rogers Clark and William Clark being iconic figures. George Rogers Clark's military victories during the American Revolution were crucial in the United States' acquisition of the Northwest Territory, while William Clark was part of the Lewis and Clark expedition that explored the Louisiana Purchase and strengthened the US claim to the Oregon Country. William's grandson, Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr., founded Churchill Downs and the Kentucky Derby, which have become iconic in American sports history. The text discusses the family's interest in horses and horse racing, specifically focusing on Meriwether Lewis Clark Jr. and the development of Churchill Downs. It also mentions the family's involvement in the Confederate army during the Civil War and provides additional information about the history and contributions of various individuals to the development of the venue. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the history of integrated college basketball in the United States, with a focus on the Virginia Union Panthers. The Panthers, known as the "Dream Team," broke the color barrier in college basketball in the 1930s and 1940s. The article also discusses the 1992 U.S. Men's Olympic Basketball Team, known as the "Dream Team," and its impact on race relations. It argues that the original Dream Team was actually the Virginia Union Panthers, who symbolized the defeat of white supremacy through athletic achievement. The article highlights the challenges faced by historically black college sports, such as lack of resources and issues like open graft and unruliness. However, the CIAA and its member schools worked towards improving the respectability of black college athletics. The article emphasizes the success and impact of the Virginia Union University basketball team, known as the "Dream Team," in breaking down racial barriers and inspiring future generations. It also discusses the achievements and challenges faced by the 1942 Virginia Union Panthers basketball team, highlighting the importance of fair and clean athletics in black college sports. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive look at the history of integrated college basketball and the contributions of the Virginia Union Panthers. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports is the property of Online Journal of Recreation & Sports and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)