50,157 results on '"ENVIRONMENTAL degradation"'
Search Results
2. Toward an Oceanic "Becoming With".
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Parkin, Justine
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BLACK feminism , *ECOLOGY , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *TRADITIONAL knowledge , *OCEAN - Abstract
It is hard not to consider sea-level rise as reflective of an imminent crisis. Drawing together insights from Black feminism and Indigenous thought from the Island Pacific, this article counters a discourse of crisis without uncritically accepting the "oceanifying" of the planet. It moves between analyses of poetic, visual, and plant cultivation practices to show that there is a rubric for living and thinking with the ocean that emphasizes how human and nonhuman life can "become-with" each other in response to ecological degradation while still grappling with the lived legacies of colonial pasts. These oceanic coordinations are ways of knowing that destabilize human exceptionalism from the outset while not excluding the human entirely. Rather, these frameworks incorporate human-nonhuman relations to expand our frame of reference, challenging dominant anthropocentric narratives of crisis and helping imagine and live within oceanic futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Greening Our Future: A Comprehensive Analysis of Sustainable Practices and Their Role in Promoting Environmental Quality and Human Well-Being
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Alzoraiki, Mohammed, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Novikov, Dmitry A., Editorial Board Member, Shi, Peng, Editorial Board Member, Cao, Jinde, Editorial Board Member, Polycarpou, Marios, Editorial Board Member, Pedrycz, Witold, Editorial Board Member, AlDhaen, Esra, editor, Braganza, Ashley, editor, Hamdan, Allam, editor, and Chen, Weifeng, editor
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- 2025
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4. Information systems and their influence on environmental strategies and organizational performance/Los sistemas de informacion y su influencia en las estrategias ambientales y el rendimiento organizacional
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Ruiz, Enrique Ismael Melendez, Almazan, Demian Abrego, and Quintero, Jose Melchor Medina
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- 2024
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5. The hidden cost of everything.
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Lawton, Graham
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CONSCIOUSNESS raising , *COST accounting , *INDUSTRIAL costs , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *FOOD industry - Abstract
The article discusses the hidden costs of goods and services and the need for a system called true cost accounting (TCA) to address these externalities. Currently, the price we pay for products does not reflect the full cost of their production, consumption, and disposal, including environmental and social damage. TCA aims to capture these costs and create a globally accepted accounting system. While some progress has been made in the food and agriculture sector, TCA needs to be applied to all economic activities. The article emphasizes that the goal is not to increase prices for consumers, but to raise awareness and drive change among agribusiness and food companies. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
6. The Interface of Political Ecology with Eco-Entrepreneurship in Africa: A Case Study Synthesis
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Ajayi, Omolola Oluwakemi, Olonibua, Oluwafemi Oluwabusuyi, Tichaawa, Tembi Maloney, and Bello, Yekini Ojo
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- 2024
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7. SEPARATE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF COMBATING ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN UKRAINE.
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Marko, S. I.
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LEGAL norms ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,INTERNATIONAL law ,NATIONAL unification ,ENVIRONMENTAL crimes ,INTERNATIONAL crimes - Abstract
The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of organizational and legal aspects of combating environmental crime in Ukraine. Arguments are presented regarding the relevance in the global, international dimension: criminalization of environmental damage at the level of the European Union and its member states; detailing the shortcomings of international legislation and revising the relevant directive on environmental crimes; establishment of functioning of the International Registry of Losses. It was emphasized that the introduction of appropriate changes to international legislation will allow creating a comprehensive system of measures to combat environmental crime, ensure the unification of national legislative systems in terms of terminology, composition of crimes, as well as sanctions applied for their commission in armed conflicts. The need to take comprehensive measures to combat ecocide at the national level, to develop a unified state policy in this area, to establish an effective system for monitoring the state of the environment and fixing the amount of damages, in particular for the systematic presentation of legal claims for the payment of reparations, is substantiated. In the opinion of the author, the National Post-War Recovery Plan should include measures to restore and preserve ecosystems, in particular, based on the analysis of normative legal acts in the field of environmental protection. It is noted that the relevant mechanisms should be universal and effectively prevent crimes against the environment in the world, be reflected in the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations and other documents of the international law system. The author emphasizes that the need and importance of improving legislation concerns not only countries in a state of military conflict, but also the rest of the world. Taking into account the fact that environmental damage is mainly transboundary in nature, the international community should focus on the formation of a clear understanding of the legal norms dedicated to crimes against the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes by La3+ doped SrBi4Ti4O15.
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Zou, Lindun, Tian, Chun, Lin, Zhaoyang, Wang, Yuquan, Gu, Tianyi, Wang, Zuchun, Tang, Tao, and Shi, Hongqi
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ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *ORGANIC dyes , *GENTIAN violet , *CONDUCTION bands , *POLLUTION - Abstract
The rampant misuse of organic dyes has exacerbated environmental pollution to an alarming degree. SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 , a layered perovskite semiconductor material, demonstrates considerable potential in the degradation of organic dyes, and efforts have been made to enhance its photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, La3+ doping was utilized to synthesize SrBi 4-x La x Ti 4 O 15 (x = 0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.40) nanosheet photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic performance and underlying mechanisms were comprehensively investigated. XRD and Raman spectroscopy revealed that La3+ doping replaced Bi3+ at the A-site, resulting in a reduction of the interlayer spacing of [TiO 6 ] octahedra. Combined with DFT calculations, La3+ doping was found to widen the band gap of SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 and raise the Fermi level. Additionally, La3+ doping significantly increased the ratio of the Ti 3d component at the bottom of the conduction band, favoring the migration of photogenerated electrons along the [TiO 6 ] octahedra and accelerating the separation of photogenerated carriers. SEM and BET analyses revealed that La3+ doping not only increased the size of the nanosheets but also significantly enhanced their specific surface area, thereby exposing more active sites. Degradation experiments of Rhodamine B (Rh B) under UV light demonstrated that the photocatalytic efficiency of SrBi 3.75 La 0.25 Ti 4 O 15 (k = 0.0514 min-1) was 2.66 times higher than that of the original SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (k = 0.0193 min-1). The theoretical degradation pathway of Rh B was elucidated using LC-MS analysis and the developmental toxicity of potential intermediates was analyzed. Moreover, the SrBi 3.75 La 0.25 Ti 4 O 15 photocatalyst also exhibited excellent degradation efficacy against Methylene Blue (MB), Crystal Violet (CV), and Methyl Orange (MO). This study provides both theoretical and experimental insights into improving the photocatalytic performance of SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 , thereby enhancing its potential for industrial application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. ЕКОЛОГО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ЗБРОЙНОЇ АГРЕСІЇ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ ПРОТИ УКРАЇНИ.
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О. М., Ковтун
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ENVIRONMENTAL crimes ,INTERNATIONAL criminal law ,INTERNATIONAL criminal courts ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,CRIMINAL law ,WAR crimes - Abstract
The article examines the environmental and legal aspects of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The problems of bringing the aggressor state to responsibility for ecocide are analyzed. Having found a legislative enshrinement in the national criminal law (Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), ecocide has not been enshrined in international criminal law. It is not recognized as a crime either in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court or in any other international legal act. As of today, Russian crimes against the environment can be investigated by the International Criminal Court as war crimes. The author of the article supports the proposal regarding the need to include the crime of ecocide in the Rome Statute. The ecological and legal aspect of the formation of an international compensation mechanism is studied, the components of which are: 1) an international register of damages; 2) compensation commission (which will consider individual applications for compensation by the Russian Federation for losses from citizens, companies and the state); 3) compensation fund (which will accumulate funds to pay commission decisions, including at the expense of confiscated Russian assets). The mechanism of compensation for environmental damage caused as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is analyzed, and ways of its optimization are proposed. The future compensation mechanism should be based on the «ecosystem services approach», which will significantly increase the amount of environmental damage that the Russian Federation will pay to Ukraine. The international practice of compensation for environmental damage caused by the aggressor as a result of military actions and temporary occupation was studied and analyzed. The author emphasized the need to reform the state environmental monitoring system. Without reliable monitoring data, it is difficult to prove a causal relationship between the illegal actions of the aggressor state and the damage caused to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Purification and characterisation of laccase from the medicinal wild mushroom Coriolus brevis.
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Kim, Yeon-Ho, Park, Seo-Young, Jung, Na-Hee, Kim, Hyun-A, Hong, Sungguan, and Kong, Kwang-Hoon
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POLLUTANTS , *ENZYME specificity , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *MOLECULAR weights , *BIOCHEMICAL substrates , *LACCASE - Abstract
Laccases are enzymes that catalyse oxidation of various aromatic compounds, with potential industrial and environmental applications. Here, a novel laccase, Cb Laccase, was purified to homogeneity from the medicinal wild mushroom Coriolus brevis using standard chromatographic procedures. The overall yield was approximately 11 %. Gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that Cb Laccase is a monomer with a molecular mass of 51 kDa. The optimal reaction pH with 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as a substrate was low (pH 2.5), and the optimal reaction temperature was relatively high (70 °C). The enzyme exhibited very low K m (0.02 mM) and high catalytic efficiency (7.2 × 106) with syringaldazine, and its substrate specificity followed the order: syringaldazine > o -dianisidine > 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) > 2,6-dimethoxyphenol > catechol. Addition of 1 mM Cu2+ enhanced the enzymatic activity, whereas dithiothreitol, sodium azide, and diethyldithiocarbamic acid significantly inhibited it. The enzyme was highly stable at high temperatures, over a wide range of pH values, and in the presence of various detergents. These findings suggest that Cb Laccase is distinct from laccases previously purified from other sources and may be useful for the degradation of environmental pollutants. [Display omitted] • Cb Laccase was purified from Coriolus brevis and then characterized. • It was a 51-kDa monomeric enzyme with varying specificities across substrates. • It was stable at high temperatures, over a wide pH range, and in detergents. • It could potentially be applicable in environmental pollutant degradation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. On the importance of diversity in ecological research.
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Brunn, Melanie, Billings, Sharon A., Birke, Jonas, Brockmüller, Svenja, Nielsen, Mathias W., Kilian Salas, Simone, and Oelmann, Yvonne
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SCIENTIFIC community , *PLANT ecology , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *GENDER inequality , *RESEARCH teams - Abstract
Societal Impact Statement: Protecting diversity is critical to maintaining functional and adaptive ecosystems. However, research groups that explore these relationships tend to lack diversity themselves. To address the challenges of our changing world, it is crucial to consider a wide range of perspectives and knowledge. We propose that just as greater diversity in ecosystems relates to a variety of functions and, consequently, enhances resilience, stability, and efficiency, a comparable diversity within research teams results in a broader spectrum of creative endeavors. Thus, it is important to re‐evaluate our scientific communities' openness toward greater diversity to meet the diverse problems of our changing world. Summary: Ecosystems face multiple threats, jeopardizing natural and human well‐being. Biodiversity loss can increase ecosystem vulnerability to global change, risking abrupt and irreversible changes. Protecting biodiversity can prevent ecosystems from crossing tipping points, preserving their functions and resilience, which sustain life on our planet. In addressing these challenges, society demands creativity, innovation, and diverse perspectives. Yet, our societal structures often neglect the full range of voices and experiences, limiting problem‐solving. Understanding how research teams with diverse demographics may stimulate creative solutions to global change challenges may help. In this context, we emphasize examples from plant ecology, where the advantages of diverse ecosystems are well recognized, and we draw an analogy of these features to the innovation of research teams. In ecosystems, biodiversity can maximize productivity and function but can also serve as a protective "insurance" against disruptions. Similarly, in a time of multifaceted environmental changes, diverse research groups play a critical and analogous role, resembling the biodiversity within ecosystems. Diverse research teams not only bring complementary strengths, fostering creative problem‐solving by embracing various perspectives, but also drive scientific innovation by integrating a wide range of research topics (e.g., ecosystems, taxa, and conservation priorities). These human‐centered dynamics are congruent with the mechanisms in ecosystems, with a diversity of solutions promoting resilience, stability, and efficiency, all of which ultimately provide a counterbalancing effect on global change. Much like biodiverse ecosystems, a diverse spectrum of knowledge, and expertise within the scientific community can enrich a dynamic landscape of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Across Madagascar, treeless grasslands characterised by erosion gullies are named after forest and trees.
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Joseph, Grant S., Randriatsara, Fetraharimalala, Rakotoarivelo, Andrinajoro R., Rafidiarimanda, Ando A., and Seymour, Colleen L.
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GEOGRAPHIC names , *FOOD conservation , *PALEOECOLOGY , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *TRADITIONAL knowledge , *GRASSLANDS - Abstract
Societal Impact Statement: Debates about the impacts of human settlement on Madagascar's habitat have missed the Malagasy perspective. Using indigenous and local knowledge in the form of toponyms, we find many regions across today's treeless grasslands are named after forest/trees, suggesting they may be novel. Where observed habitat does not match toponyms, erosion is significantly more likely at landscape scales. This suggests rapid expansion of erosion following human removal and burning of endemic forest, savanna woodland, heathland and grass assemblages. Findings also provide a timely warning: current practices may be unsustainable and may impact not only biodiversity but also human wellbeing unless urgently addressed. Summary: The debate surrounding the extent of Madagascar's treeless grasslands at human settlement is important because introduced disturbance can negatively impact the biodiversity and productivity of systems that evolved under different regimes. Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK), often overlooked, can provide information about past vegetation structure. To test whether clearance of forest and trees, frequent fires and pasture preparation have accelerated today's island‐wide erosion, we use vegetation toponyms and assess whether mismatches between these and current vegetation types are significantly more likely to be associated with erosion.Using Malagasy and Imerina linguistic records spanning 150 years, we mapped forest‐related and grassland‐related extensive toponyms in current grassland and forest, respectively. We then assessed whether remotely‐sensed erosion was more likely when toponyms and current habitat did not match.We found 316 sites in treeless grasslands, named after forest/clusters of trees, but no grassland‐named sites in forest. Globally, natural forest and grasslands both constrain erosion. Forest toponyms in grassland were significantly more likely to reflect erosion than sites in extant forest.These findings concur with palaeoecological, geomorphological, molecular and rangeland palatability studies. Malagasy ILK, hitherto largely ignored as a source of information, strongly suggests vegetation clearance and human disturbance have exacerbated the degradation of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems through topsoil loss and siltation and selected fire‐adapted, less‐palatable grasslands. Malagasy ILK in the form of toponyms highlights the need to address the negative impacts of burning and land‐clearance practices (e.g., loss of biodiversity and ecological function, decreased agricultural productivity, collapsed fisheries), given island‐wide challenges to food security and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. A systematic approach toward waste management: Problem-oriented Innovation System (PIS).
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Ranjbar, Alireza, Nasri, Shohreh, Fatemi, Mehdi, and Ghazinoory, Sepehr
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WASTE management , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *SUSTAINABLE development , *CONTENT analysis , *SOCIAL problems , *SOLID waste management - Abstract
The production of waste and the concerns about their ecological and environmental damages are among the grand challenges societies have faced. Therefore, policymakers should highlight effective waste management as one of the pillars of sustainable development. However, the previous frameworks for managing the waste problem have been mainly unsystematic as they neglected the social aspects of the problem in analysing technology development and innovation. Therefore, in this article, the status-quo of Tehran's waste problem (as a case study) was analysed with the new approach of 'Problem-oriented Innovation System (PIS),' and policy recommendations are presented accordingly. The research methodology is content analysis of related documents and reports based on a 5-step process. Findings indicate that the weak performance of Tehran's solid waste management originates at the beginning of the waste management cycle and the weak functions of public awareness, standardisation, market formation, and system monitoring guidance. Accordingly, the unstable patterns of industrial production and social behaviour lead to the supply of a large amount of unnecessary and uneconomical waste, and the system's actors are incapable of guiding the system and standardising to change the patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. The Some Issues of Corruption in Mongolian and Other Asian Countries Cases.
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OTGONTSUREN, Chimed, TEMUJIN, Amgalan, ULZIITSETSEG, Amgalan, and AMARSANAA, Jugnee
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EQUALITY , *SOCIAL institutions , *TRUST , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *RESOURCE allocation - Abstract
The goal of our study is to investigate the multifaceted impacts of corruption on society, focusing on how it erodes trust, weakens democratic processes, hampers economic development, and exacerbates social issues. Specifically, we aim to understand the mechanisms through which corruption deteriorates institutional and social trust, undermines governance and electoral fairness, distorts economic markets and public resource allocation, and intensifies social inequalities and environmental degradation. Corruption profoundly undermines society by eroding trust, weakening democracy, hampering economic development, and exacerbating social issues. When corruption is rampant, trust in institutions and social relationships deteriorates, fostering a cynical and suspicious society. Democratic processes suffer as corruption undermines fairness and discredits governance, leading to voter disillusionment. Economically, corruption distorts markets, increases costs, and siphons public resources, hindering growth and development. Socially, corruption exacerbates inequality, entrenches poverty, fuels social divisions, and contributes to environmental degradation by promoting lax regulatory enforcement and policy manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
15. Archetypal typology of European forest ecosystems integrating management intensity and naturalness.
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Barredo, José I., Vizzarri, Matteo, and Kuželová, Klára
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FOREST management , *FOREST resilience , *NATURALNESS (Environmental sciences) , *CLIMATE change , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
The crises of climate change and biodiversity loss have pushed the aim for increasing the resilience of forest ecosystems high on the agenda of foresters and policymakers. At the same time, synergistic opportunities for restoring forests and biodiversity are emerging to safeguard these ecosystems. Naturalness is a key characteristic of forest ecosystems, which should be considered when estimating benchmarks for resilience and biodiversity conservation. The naturalness of forest ecosystems is highly dependent on the intensity of human activity, as different levels of management intensity can change the original traits of forest ecosystems. This paper presents an archetypal typology of forest ecosystems, describing the association between management and naturalness. Both features are represented as gradients covering the full spectrum observed in European forests. The array of forest ecosystem archetypes was verified using case studies across Europe. The typology provides useful information for setting targets for resilience and restoration of forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Nature Loss in Southeast Asia: Aichi Targets and EPI.
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Mordeson, John N., Mathew, Sunil, and Gayathri, G.
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ENVIRONMENTAL indicators , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *FUZZY measure theory , *SUSTAINABLE development , *ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The Aichi biodiversity targets were established by the UN convention of biological diversity and consist of 20 specific targets to address and mitigate biodiversity loss across the globe. We consider countries in East and South Asia. Countries in East and South Asia are very different in size and level of economic development. As such Sustainable Development Goal challenges vary greatly across countries. The 2022 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) provides a quantitative basis for comparing, analyzing, and understanding environmental performance for 180 countries. The EPI score and rank these countries on their environmental performance using the most recent year of data available and calculate how these scores have changed over the previous decade. We determine the similarity between the country achievement rankings of the Aichi Targets and the EPI rankings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. The dynamic behavior and nonlinear characteristics of aircraft landing gear retraction mechanism considering atmospheric corrosion.
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Gao, Shun, Fan, Shouwen, and Wang, Wenjuan
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RUNGE-Kutta formulas , *SIMULATION software , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *ATMOSPHERIC models , *WEATHER - Abstract
• An atmospheric corrosion model of clearance joint is developed based on COMSOL simulation software. • A dynamic modeling and analysis method for ALGRM considering atmospheric corrosion is explored. • The effects of corrosion time and different bearing materials on ALGRM are investigated. • The dynamic behavior and nonlinear characteristics of ALGRM are discussed. Atmospheric corrosion poses a significant challenge for the components of aircraft exposed to prolonged harsh weather conditions, critically impacting the safety property of aircraft landing gear retraction mechanism (ALGRM). This paper focuses on the ALGRM of a specific aircraft type, presenting a new modeling and analysis approach to assess the influence of atmospheric corrosion on dynamic behavior and nonlinear characteristics of mechanism. Initially, the dynamic model of ALGRM incorporating clearance joints is established using Lagrangian method. Numerical solutions are then obtained using the Runge-Kutta method. Subsequently, COMSOL simulation software is employed to simulate the corrosion morphology of the bearing under atmospheric corrosion, integrating the corroded bearing surfaces into the dynamic model of the mechanism. Finally, the study investigates the effects of corrosion time and different bearing materials on the dynamic behavior and nonlinear characteristics of ALGRM considering atmospheric corrosion. The results indicate that as corrosion time increases, the degradation of the dynamic behavior of ALGRM becomes more pronounced, and there are significant variations for corrosion morphology of bearing made of different materials under atmospheric corrosion. The findings of this study contribute to a broader understanding of the complex interactions between the dynamic behavior of aircraft and environmental degradation, providing some insights for designing ALGRM that are more durable and adaptable to atmospheric corrosion environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Financial instability and environmental degradation: Evidence from South Asia.
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Abbas, Faisal
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ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,FOREIGN investments ,ECONOMIC conditions in Asia ,ENERGY consumption ,ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
This study examines the impact of financial instability (FI) on environmental degradation (ED) along with economic growth (EG), foreign direct investment (FDI), and energy consumption (EC) in five South Asian economies from 1980 to 2021. The study uses a fixed-effect panel model and a two-step system GMM for robust outcomes. The empirical findings demonstrate that FI has a positive and significant effect on ED in South Asian economies. However, the impact of FI on ED varies across South Asian countries. Overall, the impacts of EG, FDI, and EG are positive and significant on ED in South Asia. The effects of EG, FDI, and EG are also heterogeneous for countries in South Asia. However, FDI reduces ED in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. Therefore, the study provides several policy recommendations to combat ED in the South Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Regulating the unobservable: The impact of the environmental regulation on informal economy and pollution.
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Abid, Mehdi, Sekrafi, Habib, Gheraia, Zouheyr, and Abdelli, Hanane
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GENERALIZED method of moments ,INFORMAL sector ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,ENVIRONMENTAL regulations ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of informal economy and ecological footprint on environmental regulation for a sample of 25 Sub-Saharan Africa economies (SSA) countries from 1991 to 2017. The results obtained from the techniques of static panel (Pooled ordinary least squares (POLS), random effects (RE), fixed effects (FE), and panel corrected standard error (PCSE)) as well as from dynamic panel (generalized method of moments in differences (D-GMM), and generalized method of moments in system (S-GMM)) were all consistent. They showed that the environmental regulation has a significant positive impact for both informal economy and ecological footprint in the selected economies. Regarding the relation between ecological footprint and per capita gross domestic product (GDP), an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve is verified. The study concludes that weak environmental regulation in the region reinforces informal economy and environmental pollution. Hence, findings from this study can help policymakers in the region to have a better understanding of the role of environmental regulation in reducing informal economy and environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. A new approach for environmental damage assessment pursuant to the European Union Environmental Liability Directive.
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Andreotti, Francesco, Montanaro, Daniele, and Calcagni, Laura
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ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,DESELECTION of library materials ,ENVIRONMENTAL crimes ,CRIME ,LAW enforcement - Abstract
The European Union and Member States national laws require competent authorities to promptly and effectively address environmental incidents, noncompliances, and criminal offenses, necessitating thorough planning of investigation and assessment activities. To enhance environmental damage assessments in line with the European Environmental Liability Directive (ELD, 2004/35/EC), the European Union Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law (IMPEL Network) has introduced the Criteria for the Assessment of the Environmental Damage (CAED) framework. This framework, outlined in a Practical Guide, offers a methodological approach to environmental damage assessment (EDA) focusing on three key objectives: case screening, identification of "clues" of damage, and determination of "evidence" of damage. Given the critical importance of structured data collection and evaluation, the CAED project has adopted a Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response (DPSIR) model adapted to environmental damage and developed the Practical Tables. These tables serve as a comprehensive tool for systematically identifying investigative priorities and collecting standardized data and information using a predefined list of qualitative or quantitative indicators. This article provides an overview of the Practical Guide and Practical Tables, collectively referred to as the CAED Toolkit, aiming to establish a common framework for environmental damage assessments among various competent authorities and stakeholders across Europe. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2050–2059. © 2024 SETAC Key Points: The Criteria for the Assessment of Environmental Damage (CAED) project developed a comprehensive CAED Toolkit aimed at simplifying the understanding of the ELD's scope and guiding operators and public authorities in responding to emissions, events, or accidents that may lead to environmental damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Application of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the Indian core industries: Towards a greener economy.
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Gogoi, Nivaj and Hussain, Farah
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CARBON emissions ,PETROLEUM ,KUZNETS curve ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
The study investigates the long‐term effects of two core industries of India, namely crude oil and electricity on the environment by adopting the industry‐specific environmental Kuznets curve (IEKC) hypothesis. While crude oil is high‐polluting, the impact of the electricity industry on the environment is less severe. A traditional EKC hypothesis, described by an inverted U‐shape, demonstrates the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The study tests IEKC individually for each of the two industries for time series data ranging from 1994 to 2021 for the crude oil industry and from 1994 to 2019 for the electricity industry. Carbon dioxide emission levels and the Index of Eight Core Industries are the indicators used to measure the environmental degradation and industrial growth levels, respectively. The study adopts autoregressive distributed lag approach to test the IEKC hypothesis. The findings suggest rejecting the IEKC hypothesis in the Indian crude oil industry, indicating its long‐term adverse environmental effects. In contrast, acceptance of the hypothesis in the electricity industry confirms that electricity energy can potentially lower the country's pollution level in the long run. The study adds to the existing literature by applying the IEKC hypothesis in the core industries of India to judge their environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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22. The catalyzing role of financial inclusion in decoding environmental challenges and fostering a sustainable future in BRICS‐T.
- Author
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Tekin, Bilgehan
- Subjects
FINANCIAL inclusion ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,SUSTAINABILITY ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
Environmental degradation poses a significant challenge globally, exhibiting diverse manifestations across regions and ecosystems. This study aims to decipher the factors contributing to environmental degradation, with a specific focus on Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Türkiye countries, spanning the period of 1990–2018. This investigation revealed intricate interdependencies among financial institutions, market dynamics, energy utilization, demographic shifts, and ecological impacts. According to the findings of studies based on Durbin‐Hausman, Westerlund, CS‐ARDL cointegration, Juodis, Karavias, and Sarafidis and Dumitrescu‐Hurlin causality tests, policies that encourage financial inclusion and energy efficiency should be developed to prevent environmental degradation. On the other hand, attention has been given to the impact of population growth on environmental policy decisions. This research contributes valuable information to the ongoing discourse on the interrelationship between financial inclusion, the energy population, and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Why not to blow up a pipeline: Intersectional reflections on environmental (non)violence.
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FitzGerald, Garrett
- Subjects
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VIOLENCE , *INTERSECTIONALITY , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *VANDALISM , *RACE - Abstract
Andreas Malm's “How to Blow Up a Pipeline” (2021) reinvigorated contemporary debates around property destruction and sabotage as strategies to force decarbonization and mitigate the worst consequences of human‐induced climate change. Responses from Peace Studies scholars largely adhere to established arguments around the moral and strategic benefits of (non)violent resistance. This article brackets debates over ethics and efficacy within this established violence/nonviolence binary to trouble Malm's analysis and recommendations in new ways. By focusing on the intersectional aspects of environmental violence, this article illustrates how Malm's argument for property and infrastructure damage risks exacerbating interlinked forms of direct, structural, and cultural violence that effect already‐marginalized communities along cross‐cutting axes of race, gender, class, and other valences of domination. This novel application of intersectional analysis within the emerging environmental violence framework offers scholars and practitioners of peacebuilding important new tools with which to critically analyze emerging strategies to confront environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Does an agroecological approach impact the nematode biological and functional diversity in intensive protected production systems?
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Waeyenberge, Lieven, Slos, Dieter, Devolder, Thibault, Willekens, Koen, and Tittarelli, Fabio
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *AGRICULTURE , *SOIL biodiversity , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *CROPPING systems - Abstract
Food production systems in protected conditions are probably the most intensive agricultural systems causing biodiversity loss. Experimental sites in different European areas were established to investigate whether an agroecological approach to organic greenhouse production allows preserving or increasing biodiversity. Soil nematode communities were characterized by DNA-metabarcoding, and some biodiversity indices were calculated. A general increase in absolute number of genera indicates that the innovative treatments potentially positively influence biodiversity. A multidimensional analysis revealed that the change in nematode community compositions is caused more by country and sampling year than by the farming system. However, regionally, some shifts in biodiversity are obvious and the impact by a farming practice likely. This study is the first indication that the implementation of some agroecological measures in European protected cropping systems is feasible as at least they did not worsen (nor improve) soil biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Dominance and size affect foraging position choice by Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus)
- Author
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Holubová, Michaela, Peterka, Jiří, Simon, Troy, Neuswanger, Jason, and Grossman, Gary
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL aggression , *FRESHWATER fishes , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *FIELD research , *SOCIAL dominance - Abstract
Salmonid fishes are a widespread and economically important group of fishes that are strongly affected by anthropogenic environmental degradation. Consequently, studies on their behavior and ecology are essential for their conservation. Wild Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) were observed in an unimpacted Alaskan river using underwater video observations for two consecutive summers (2015 and 2016). Foraging, aggressive behavior, and position held by individual fish were quantified. Fish held focal positions in the water column most of the time (mean = 81%), active foraging was observed for 14% of the observation periods, and antagonistic interactions occurred during 5% of the time. The analysis of intraspecific aggression revealed that aggressive interactions occurred between conspecifics of similar sizes (±100 mm), although the winners of bouts were significantly larger than the losers. Notably, initiators emerged as more successful in these bouts compared to receivers, irrespective of body length. These findings underscore the significance of conducting field studies to gain valuable insights into the behavior of fish in their natural stream environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. AVOTREX: A Global Dataset of Extinct Birds and Their Traits.
- Author
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Sayol, Ferran, Wayman, Joseph P., Dufour, Paul, Martin, Thomas E., Hume, Julian P., Jørgensen, Maria Wagner, Martínez‐Rubio, Natàlia, Sanglas, Ariadna, Soares, Filipa C., Cooke, Rob, Mendenhall, Chase D., Margolis, Jay R., Illera, Juan Carlos, Lemoine, Rhys, Benavides, Eva, Lapiedra, Oriol, Triantis, Kostas A., Pigot, Alex L., Tobias, Joseph A., and Faurby, Søren
- Subjects
- *
BIOTIC communities , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *DATABASES , *BODY size - Abstract
ABSTRACT Motivation Main Types of Variables Contained Spatial Location and Grain Time Period and Grain Major Taxa and Level of Measurement Software Format Human activities have been reshaping the natural world for tens of thousands of years, leading to the extinction of hundreds of bird species. Past research has provided evidence of extinction selectivity towards certain groups of species, but trait information is lacking for the majority of clades, especially for prehistoric extinctions identified only through subfossil remains. This incomplete knowledge potentially obscures the structure of natural communities, undermining our ability to infer changes in biodiversity across space and time, including trends in functional and phylogenetic diversity. Biases in currently available trait data also limit our ability to identify drivers and processes of extinction. Here we present AVOTREX, an open‐access database of species traits for all birds known to have gone extinct in the last 130,000 years. This database provides detailed morphological information for 610 extinct species, along with a pipeline to build phylogenetic trees that include these extinct species.For each extinct bird species, we provide information on the taxonomy, geographic location, and period of extinction. We also present data on island endemicity, flight ability, and body mass, as well as standard measurements of external (matching the AVONET database of extant birds) and skeletal morphology from museum specimens where available. To ensure comprehensive morphological data coverage, we estimate all missing morphological measurements using a data imputation technique based on machine learning. Finally, we provide an R package to graft all extinct species onto a global phylogeny of extant species (BirdTree).Global.All known globally extinct bird species from 130,000 years ago up until 2024.Birds (Class Aves), species level.Spreadsheets (.csv) stored in Dryad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Morrison’s <italic>The Bluest Eye</italic> and the Myth of Persephone: An Ecofeminist Critique.
- Author
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Hamamra, Bilal
- Subjects
- *
VIOLENCE against Black people , *GENDER-based violence , *AFRICAN American women , *RACE discrimination , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
This article examines Morrison’s appropriation of the Persephone myth in
The Bluest Eye to highlight patriarchal exploitation of women and nature, drawing parallels between environmental degradation and violence against women. The myth, which typically symbolizes life, death, and rebirth, is appropriated to critique racial and gender-based violence against African American women, especially in the mid-20th century. I contend that Morrison’sThe Bluest Eye reimagines the protagonist, Pecola Breedlove, as a contemporary Persephone, ensnared in a cycle of abuse. However, unlike Persephone, who gains wisdom through her ordeal, Pecola spirals into madness, emblematic of a thwarted mother-daughter redemption arc. Morrison contrasts the myth’s fertility and rejuvenation themes with Pecola’s racial discrimination and self-loathing, epitomized by her desire for blue eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Global high-resolution fire-sourced PM2.5 concentrations for 2000–2023.
- Author
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Hu, Yonghang, Tian, Chenguang, Yue, Xu, Lei, Yadong, Cao, Yang, Xu, Rongbin, and Guo, Yuming
- Subjects
- *
MACHINE learning , *EMISSION inventories , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *ENVIRONMENTAL management , *CHEMICAL models , *AIR pollutants , *AIR pollution - Abstract
Fires are a significant disturbance in Earth's systems. Smoke aerosols emitted from fires can cause environmental degradation and climatic perturbations, leading to exacerbated air pollution and posing hazards to public health. However, research on the climatic and health impacts of fire emissions is severely limited by the scarcity of air pollution data directly attributed to these emissions. Here, we develop a global daily fire-sourced PM2.5 concentration ([PM2.5]) dataset at a spatial resolution of 0.25° for the period 2000–2023, using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model driven with two fire emission inventories, the Global Fire Emissions Database version 4.1 with small fires (GFED4.1s) and the Quick Fire Emission Dataset version 2.5r1 (QFED2.5). Simulated all-source [PM2.5] are bias-corrected using a machine learning algorithm, which incorporates ground observations from over 9000 monitoring sites worldwide. Then the simulated ratios between fire- and all-source [PM2.5] at individual grids are applied to derive fire-sourced [PM2.5]. Globally, the average fire-sourced [PM2.5] is estimated to be 1.94 μg m-3 with GFED4.1s and 3.74 μg m-3 with QFED2.5. Both datasets show consistent spatial distributions with regional hotspots in central Africa and widespread decreasing trends over most areas. While the mean levels of fire-sourced [PM2.5] are much larger at low latitudes, fire episodes at the boreal regions can cause comparable PM2.5 levels as in the tropics. This dataset serves as a valuable tool for exploring the impacts of fire-related air pollutants on climate, ecosystems, and public health, enabling accurate assessments and supports for decision-making in environmental management and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Hygrothermal effects on the durability of resin‐infused thermoplastic E‐glass fiber‐reinforced composites in marine environment.
- Author
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Hussnain, S. M., Shah, S. Z. H., Megat‐Yusoff, P. S. M., Choudhry, R. S., and Hussain, M. Z.
- Subjects
- *
THERMOMECHANICAL properties of metals , *GLASS transition temperature , *DYNAMIC mechanical analysis , *FAILURE mode & effects analysis , *GLASS transitions , *HYGROTHERMOELASTICITY - Abstract
This paper presents a comparative assessment of hygrothermal effects on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of resin‐infused thermoplastic E‐glass fiber‐reinforced composites (FRC) in the marine environment. The thermoplastic FRCs were immersed in seawater at two different aging temperatures, that is, 35 and 70°C. The quasi‐static tests were conducted on unaged and aged FRCs, followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the effect of the marine environment on the mechanical properties and damage progression. The specimens immersed at 70°C showed a significant drop of 46.7%, 39.7%, 22.6%, and 16% in mechanical properties (tensile, compression, flexural, and ILSS) mainly due to plasticization, matrix cracking, and fiber/matrix debonding. The specimens immersed at 35°C showed a reduction in tensile, compressive, and flexural strength of 10%, 14.7% and 1.9% respectively, with no significant effect on ILSS. In addition, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals that prolonged aging induces an increase in glass transition temperature Tg due to polymerization reactions. This work is intended to reveal the effect of extreme marine environment on the resin‐infused thermoplastic FRC and to provide a useful reference for their potential structural applications in the marine industry. Highlights: Influence of aging conditions on the long‐term performance of FRCs.Hygrothermal aging leads to an increase in the glass transition temperature.The marine environment degrades mechanical properties of FRCs by up to 50%.Matrix cracking and fiber‐matrix debonding evolved as dominant failure modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Evaluation of aircraft engine performance during takeoff phase with machine learning methods.
- Author
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Kurt, Bulent
- Subjects
- *
AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions , *KRIGING , *SUPPORT vector machines , *ENERGY consumption , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
During the takeoff phase, aircraft engines reach maximum speed and temperature to achieve the required thrust. Due to these harsh operating conditions, the performance of aircraft engines may decrease. This decrease in performance increases both fuel consumption and environmental damage. Reducing or eliminating the damages caused by aircraft is among the objectives of ICAO. In order to achieve this goal, aircraft engines are compulsorily tested, evaluated by experts and certified. The data obtained during the test process is recorded and stored in the engine emission databank (EEDB). During the takeoff phase, there is no system that can evaluate aircraft engines without dismantling and without expert knowledge. In this study, EEDB 2019 and 2021 takeoff phase data sets were used. Fuel flow T/O parameter is an important parameter used both in the calculation of aircraft emissions and in the evaluation of engine performance. Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were used to estimate the fuel flow T/O parameter. The results obtained were compared according to error performance criteria and the best model was selected. In MATLAB® environment, confidence intervals were plotted with the estimated fuel flow T/O value at 99% confidence level. This study demonstrates that the performance evaluation of aircraft engines during the takeoff phase can be performed without the need for expert knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Collaborative strategies for sustainable management of the Citarum Watershed in Indonesia: a Quintuple Helix approach.
- Author
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Abdillah, Abdillah, Widianingsih, Ida, Buchari, Rd Ahmad, and Nurasa, Heru
- Subjects
WATER management ,WATERSHED management ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,WATERSHEDS ,COMMUNITY-based programs - Abstract
The Citarum River revitalization program through the "Citarum Harum" program, focuses on integrated cooperation between multi-sector actors in managing the Citarum Watershed sustainably and improving the quality of life around the river. Such as ministries (central government) acting as policy and regulation providers and as the leading sector, local governments acting as program supervisors and monitors, academics/universities acting as knowledge creators and program management innovations, the private sector acting as important partners, communities acting as program supporters and participants, and the Indonesian National Army (Tentara National Indonesia, TNI) acting as initiators, law enforcers, and field supervisors. This article outlines some of the challenges faced by Citarum Watershed, as well as important findings regarding collaborative sustainable and resilient watershed management, particularly in the context of the Citarum River, Indonesia. In this commentary, we underscore the importance of collaborative efforts, effective policy frameworks, and adaptive management strategies in addressing the environmental challenges faced by the Citarum River, while highlighting the need for ongoing commitment from all stakeholders during program implementation and post-program. The implications of these findings suggest a holistic, inclusive, and adaptive approach to sustainable management of watersheds and the environment that can be applied to other regions facing similar challenges such as Pollution; Environmental Degradation; Critical Land and Sedimentation; Inadequate Infrastructure; Population Growth and Urbanization; Climate Change, Weak Law Enforcement, and Lack of Coordination Among Stakeholders. Article highlights: Management of the Citarum River Basin (Daerah Aliran Sungai, DAS) is a mainstay of household life, urban communities, the environment, and supports industrial activities in the western region of Java Island, where no other river has a role and function as large as the Citarum River Basin. Challenges in the complexity of Citarum River Basin management highlight the need for an integrated and multi-stakeholder approach to ensure sustainable water resources management and environmental protection. The emphasis on Indonesian policy regulation and interactive collaboration model of various mutually beneficial helixes are the keys to success in sustainable and resilient management of the Citarum River Basin. Significant barriers that need to be considered in the Quintuple Helix Model framework are related to power dynamics, operational clarity, resource allocation, community involvement, and stakeholder integration to achieve its goals effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. How to measure outcomes in forest restoration? A European review of success and failure indicators.
- Author
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Menéndez-Miguélez, María, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Cañellas, Isabel, Erdozain, Maitane, de Miguel, Sergio, Lapin, Katharina, Hoffmann, Johanna, Werden, Leland, and Alberdi, Icíar
- Subjects
FOREST monitoring ,CLIMATE change ,FOREST restoration ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,LAND cover - Abstract
Restoration involves the recovery and repair of environments because environmental damage is not always irreversible, and communities are not infinitely resilient to such harm. When restoration projects are applied to nature, either directly or indirectly these may take the form of ecological, forestry or hydrological restoration, for example. In the current scenario of global climate change and increasing intensity of disturbances the importance of restoration in all types of ecosystems in order to adapt to the new conditions (so called prestoration) is evident. Whatever the objective of the restoration initiative, there is a lack of consensus as regards common indicators to evaluate the success or failure of the different initiatives implemented. In this study, we have carried out an extensive meta-analysis review of scientific papers aiming to evaluate the outcomes of restoration projects. We have done a review and selected 95 studies implemented in Europe. We explored the main pre-restoration land cover in which restoration initiatives have been implemented, the main causes of degradation, the objective of the restoration action and the indicators selected to analyze the success or failure of the action. We identified a total of 84 indicators in the analyzed papers and compared with the ones proposed for forest in the recent Nature Restoration Law. The analysis revealed five indicators commonly used for the evaluation of restoration initiatives (abundance, coverage, density, Ellenberg indicator, and richness), even where the initial objective has not yet been achieved. Our findings underscore both the benefits and challenges associated with a specific set of harmonized indicators for evaluating the success or failure of restoration initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Fostering economic growth in Somalia: the role of life expectancy and environmental degradation.
- Author
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Hussein, Hassan Abdikadir, Warsame, Abdimalik Ali, Ahmed, Mohamed Yusuf, and abdullahi, Abdulkadir Mohamed
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,PUBLIC health infrastructure ,STANDARD of living ,LIFE expectancy ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
Economic growth is a primary objective for countries worldwide since it has a pivotal impact on enhancing living standards, alleviating poverty, and promoting general societal well-being. Hence, this study examines the connection between life expectancy, environmental pollution, and economic growth in Somalia by using time-series data from 1990 to 2020. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method. The empirical results of the bound test indicate that life expectancy is statistically significant and positively affects economic growth in the long run. However, it does not significantly affect economic growth in the short run. Furthermore, environmental pollution does not significantly impact economic growth in the long run but enhances it in the short run. The study indicates that life expectancy improves economic growth. Based on the empirical evidence, the study provides several policy implications, including public health initiatives, health-related infrastructure, and sustainable environmental practices, which are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Industrial Routes from Sugars and Biomass to CMF and Other 5‐(Halomethyl)furfurals.
- Author
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Bueno Morón, Jorge, Arbore, Federica, van Klink, Gerard P. M., Mascal, Mark, and Gruter, Gert‐Jan M.
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,PROCESS optimization ,SACCHARIDES - Abstract
The synthesis of 5‐(halomethyl)furfurals (XMFs, X=F, Cl, Br, I), including 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), 5‐(bromomethyl)furfural (BMF), 5‐(iodomethyl)furfural (IMF), and 5‐(fluoromethyl)furfural (FMF), from biomass represents a pivotal advancement in renewable chemistry and engineering. Harnessing waste biomass as a raw material offers a sustainable alternative to fossil‐based resources, mitigating environmental degradation and addressing pressing energy needs. CMF and BMF, characterized by their enhanced stability over the hydroxyl analog, 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), exhibit promise as renewable building blocks for scale‐up and commercialization. The surge in research interest, particularly from 2010 to 2024, reflects a growing recognition of XMFs′ potential as novel platform chemicals. This review highlights the evolution of XMF synthesis methods, focusing on their transformation from saccharides and lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanistic insights and experimental setups are scrutinized for industrial feasibility and scalability, shedding light on technical challenges and avenues for further research. The analysis underscores the burgeoning significance of XMFs in the transition towards sustainable chemical production, emphasizing the importance of process optimization and mechanistic understanding for commercial deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Microbes and pathogens associated with shrimps - implications and review of possible control strategies.
- Author
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Bhassu, Subha, Shama, Maryam, Tiruvayipati, Suma, Soo, Tze Chiew Christie, Ahmed, Niyaz, and Yusoff, Khatijah
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE aquaculture ,SHRIMP diseases ,SHRIMP populations ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing - Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture has been growing rapidly over the last three decades. However, high-density aquaculture together with environmental degradation has led to increased incidence of shrimp infections. Thus, devising and implementing effective strategies to predict, diagnose and control the spread of infections of shrimps are crucial, also to ensure biosecurity and sustainability of the food industry. With the recent advancements in biotechnology, more attention has been given to develop novel promising therapeutic tools with potential to prevent disease occurrence and better manage shrimp health. Furthermore, owing to the advent of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, it has become possible to analyze the genetic basis of susceptibility or resistance of different stocks of shrimps to infections and how sustainable aquaculture could be made free of shrimp diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Deforestation rate estimation using crossbreed multilayer convolutional neural networks.
- Author
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Subhahan, D. Abdus and Kumar, C. N. S. Vinoth
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,SPECKLE interference ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,DEFORESTATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
Deforestation is an important environmental issue that involves the removal of forests on a large scale, resulting in ecological imbalance and biodiversity loss. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are widely used as a valuable tool to detect deforestation effectively. The SAR technology allows capturing high-resolution images irrespective of weather conditions or daylight, making it helpful to monitor remote and densely vegetated areas. Recently, deep learning techniques used on SAR images have showcased promising results in the automation of deforestation detection and mapping processes. By leveraging neural networks (NNs) and machine learning (ML) systems, these approaches examine SAR data to recognize deforestation patterns and estimate deforestation rates over time. Therefore, this study develops a cross-breed multilayer convolutional neural network (CNN) for deforestation rate estimation in the Amazon. The proposed model initially preprocesses the input SAR data to remove the speckle noise using a box car mean squared sparse coding filter (BCMSSCF). Besides, crossbreed multilayer CNN (CM_CNN) is used for mapping and segmentation of the deforested area. To determine the pace of deforestation in the Amazon region, a widespread experimental analysis was performed on the LBA-ECO LC-14 dataset. A detailed comparative result analysis of the proposed model is made with recent approaches. The experimental results stated that the proposed model shows promising results in terms of different performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. How mariculture expansion is dewilding the ocean and its inhabitants.
- Author
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Sellars, Laurie and Franks, Becca
- Subjects
- *
SCIENTIFIC literature , *AGRICULTURAL intensification , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *MARICULTURE , *AQUATIC organisms - Abstract
The world's oceans are largely free from intensive farming, but momentum to intensify and expand mariculture--the cultivation of aquatic organisms in the ocean--is growing. Despite optimism that mariculture will create economic and nutritional benefits for humans, it can also generate a host of risks, including environmental degradation, harms to wildlife integrity and welfare, captivity effects, and shifts in how humans view the nonhuman world. Collectively, we refer to these four types of risks as "dewilding." In this systematic review, we searched Scopus and Web of Science for recent literature documenting mariculture's dewilding impacts to organize and collate this evidence under one unified framework. We find that mariculture's dewilding impacts are consistently documented, though often in isolation, and that captivity and conceptual dewilding impacts are recognized as potential harms far less than impacts on the environment and wildlife. Future work examining mariculture's dewilding impacts will be paramount to guiding human decision-making and activity going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Environmental Degradation Study of Polypropylene Films Incorporating Pro-Oxidants: Comprehensive Analysis and Ecotoxicological Assessment.
- Author
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Kerouani, Samira, Keraghel, Jouayria Saliha, Tahraoui, Hichem, Zhang, Jie, and Amrane, Abdeltif
- Subjects
- *
POLYPROPYLENE films , *SOIL degradation , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *CONTACT angle , *ECOLOGICAL impact - Abstract
AbstractOur research described in this paper investigated the environmental degradation of polypropylene (PP) films incorporating pro-oxidants and assessed their impact on the ecosystem. Weathering aging effects were monitored through Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, revealing significant changes in carbonyl, hydroxyl and amorphous regions post-aging. The presence of pro-oxidants intensified these changes, indicating higher oxidation levels. Contact angle measurements demonstrated decreased hydrophobicity upon aging, particularly pronounced in pro-oxidant-containing films (initial contact angle: 87.79° for PP/1% Co/1% Fe, sample (F6) decreased to 79.24° after aging). Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis revealed decreased melting temperatures (initial Tm: 159.5 °C for F6 decreased to 148 °C after aging) and the crystallinity post-aging (initial
χ : 73.25% for F6 decreased to 60.17% after aging), suggesting increased susceptibility to degradation. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed decreased thermal stability after aging, especially in PP/pro-oxidant films; the Tonset (T5); 432.00 °C for F6, decreased to 268.00 °C after aging; where Tonset is the temperature corresponding to 5% weight loss. Biodegradation tests indicated enhanced biodegradability in the pro-oxidant-containing films, with cobalt and ferrous stearate mixtures showing the highest degradation degrees (e.g., PP/1% Co/1% Fe: ≈ 77% biodegradation after 140 days). Ecotoxicological evaluations, including microbial toxicity and plant germination and growth tests, revealed no inhibitory effects of the degradation products on soil flora or plant growth, confirming their nontoxic nature. Overall, we believe this comprehensive study provides insights into the environmental fate of PP films with pro-oxidants, highlighting their potential for accelerated degradation without adverse ecological impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Reframing conservation audiences from individuals to social beings.
- Author
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Thomas‐Walters, L., Cologna, V., Lange, E., Ettinger, J., Selinske, M., and Jones, M. S.
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL networks , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *CLIMATE change , *SELF-efficacy - Abstract
Environmental practitioners often develop communications and behavior change interventions that conceptualize individuals as consumers or as other limited, standalone personae. This view neglects the role of conservation audiences as social beings with complex social relationships and networks, potentially resulting in lost opportunities to increase the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We offer a reframing of individuals as members of social networks who can influence others through their many different societal roles. This framing may help individuals recognize their potential to affect large‐scale societal structures and empower them to contribute to systemic changes. In practice, conservation organizations might increase the impact and reach of their behavioral interventions by targeting social referents (individuals or groups who people reference for accepted and desired behaviors) and leveraging interpersonal relationships. This includes encouraging individuals to make use of their networks to discuss issues such as biodiversity loss with a variety of acquaintances to normalize them as a topic of conversation. We argue that organizations can leverage the power of social networks to amplify change and promote the message that people change the world through their social ties, thereby inspiring audiences to further engage in conservation behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Exploring the Nexus between Greenhouse Emissions, Environmental Degradation and Green Energy in Europe: A Critique of the Environmental Kuznets Curve.
- Author
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Horobet, Alexandra, Belascu, Lucian, Radulescu, Magdalena, Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel, Botoroga, Cosmin-Alin, and Negreanu, Cristina-Carmencita
- Abstract
This study examines the intricate relationship between economic growth and European environmental degradation via the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Our results contest the traditional inverted U-shape model of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, indicating that the theory may not be consistently applicable across European countries. Utilizing CS-ARDL and MMQR modelling, we reveal substantial regional disparities. Western European nations demonstrate a typical Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pattern in the short term, characterized by an initial increase in emissions alongside GDP development, followed by a subsequent fall. Conversely, Eastern and Balkan nations exhibit a U-shaped connection, described by an early decline in emissions followed by a subsequent increase as their development levels increase. The influence of renewable energy differs, as it decreases emissions in the short term in Western Europe. However, its long-term impacts are variable, especially when contrasted with its more pronounced effect on emissions in Eastern and Balkan countries. Furthermore, trade openness intensifies environmental degradation in the short-term across all regions, although its long-term impact diminishes, particularly concerning greenhouse gases (GHG). The relationship between renewable energy and trade openness is substantial for the short-term reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, but this effect declines with time. The results indicate that a uniform environmental policy throughout Europe may lack efficacy. Customized strategies to expedite the transition in Western Europe and more specific interventions in Eastern Europe are essential to harmonize economic progress with environmental sustainability. Future research should examine the determinants of the diminishing long-term effects of renewable energy and the interplay between trade and environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Genetic rescue often leads to higher fitness as a result of increased heterozygosity across animal taxa.
- Author
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Clarke, Julia G., Smith, Adam C., and Cullingham, Catherine I.
- Subjects
- *
GENETIC variation , *CONSERVATION genetics , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *LANDSCAPE changes , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Biodiversity loss has reached critical levels partly due to anthropogenic habitat loss and degradation. These landscape changes are damaging as they can fragment species distributions into small, isolated populations, resulting in limited gene flow, population declines and reduced adaptive potential. Genetic rescue, the translocation of individuals to increase genetic diversity and ultimately fitness, has produced promising results for fragmented populations but remains underutilized due to a lack of long‐term data and monitoring. To promote a better understanding of genetic rescue and its potential risks and benefits over the short‐term, we reviewed and analysed published genetic rescue attempts to identify whether genetic diversity increases following translocation, and if this change is associated with increased fitness. Our review identified 19 studies that provided genetic and fitness data from before and after the translocation; the majority of these were on mammals, and included experimental, natural and conservation‐motivated translocations. Using a Bayesian meta‐analytical approach, we found that on average, genetic diversity and fitness increased in populations post translocations, although there were some exceptions to this trend. Overall, genetic diversity was a positive predictor of population fitness, and in some cases this relationship extended three generations post‐rescue. These data suggest a single translocation can have lasting fitness benefits, and support translocation as another tool to facilitate conservation success. Given the limited number of studies with long‐term data, we echo the need for genetic monitoring of populations post‐translocation to understand whether genetic rescue can also limit the loss of adaptive potential in the long‐term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Montane willow scrub restoration in Scotland: reviewing 30 years of progress to reestablish the altitudinal treeline.
- Author
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Watts, Sarah H.
- Subjects
- *
HABITAT conservation , *NATURE conservation , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *ECOSYSTEMS , *FORESTS & forestry , *DEER populations - Abstract
Many mountain woodlands across the globe have undergone anthropogenic degradation with negative implications for the ecological and socioeconomic systems dependent on them. Montane willows are arctic‐alpine species of high nature conservation concern within the altitudinal treeline. Scotland has been pioneering the restoration of montane willow scrub for three decades following widespread loss linked particularly to overgrazing by sheep and deer since the eighteenth century. In the 1990s, the total area of montane willows throughout the country was less than 10 ha, with most remaining populations highly fragmented, in rapid decline, and restricted to inaccessible cliffs. Subsequently, montane willow scrub restoration has been part of an overall 2659 ha area managed for the recovery of mountain woodlands in Scotland. By May 2023, 396,868 montane willows were planted in projects encompassing large‐scale habitat creation, relict population reinforcement by genetic rescue, fencing, and landscape‐scale management for low‐density deer populations. This review summarizes restoration methods and outcomes with case study examples to promote conservation evidence and research on plant growth and survival, planting sites, associated biodiversity, molecular ecology, genomics, and long‐term population sustainability. With the potential for montane scrub restoration to be widely expanded, improved connectivity to revive a treeline mosaic shaped by regeneration will tackle biodiversity loss and help mitigate climate change impacts on a national scale. However, caution must be applied to creating definitions of distinct habitats for restoration that are based on non‐natural or ecologically degraded systems. These experiences are particularly relevant to montane and circumpolar regions with strongly modified landscape histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Inadvertent climate refugia.
- Author
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Hayes, Forest P. and Berger, Joel
- Subjects
- *
MAMMAL conservation , *WILDLIFE conservation , *CLIMATE change , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *ENVIRONMENTAL refugees - Abstract
For centuries, humans have intentionally moved species around the world, and such actions have rarely been laudable from conservation perspectives. The notion that introduced populations of cold‐adapted species hold conservation value despite their non‐native status remains controversial. Many such populations exist as a legacy of humans moving wildlife to novel environments with little true consideration of species conservation. Herein, we identify cases in which individuals from inadvertent climate refugia (ICR) are returned to formerly occupied ranges or used to augment declining native populations. While conservation benefits have been infrequently realized, the global distribution of ICR offers a potentially untapped resource. Lessening biodiversity loss under increasing climate challenges will likely require assisted migration of many species and necessitate novel valuation of extant introduced populations—such as those within ICR. While ecological costs of translocated species are widely known, we highlight how species moved generations ago to ICR offer a reservoir for reintroductions and a buffer against rapidly changing climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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44. Synthetic genomic nanomedicine with triple-responsiveness for systemic anti-tumor therapy.
- Author
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Qin, Chunfang, Wang, Hao, Cui, Hongyan, Wang, Yue, Zhang, Ming, Li, Haidong, Liu, Yuchen, Wang, Jingyun, Chen, Qixian, and Zhao, Yan
- Subjects
- *
PHARMACOGENOMICS , *NANOMEDICINE , *BLOOD circulation , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *POLY(ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) , *PEPTIDES , *POLYMERSOMES , *POLYETHYLENE glycol - Abstract
[Display omitted] To overcome the biological barriers in the journey of systemic gene delivery, a multifaceted genomic synthetic nanomedicine was elaborated and strategically equipped with a multiple of intriguing responsiveness. Particularly, core–shell plasmid DNA condensates were created based on polyionic complexation with block copolymer of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polylysine (PLys), namely, the nanoscaled PLys&pDNA nanoparticle tethered with the biocompatible PEG surroundings. Furthermore, redox-reversible disulfide crosslinking was introduced into PLys&pDNA nanoparticle to accomplish adequate structural stabilities, and thermal-responsive polypropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) was introduced as the secondary intermediate surroundings onto the pre-formulated PLys&pDNA nanoparticle with the aim of preventing the potential enzymatic degradation from the environmental nucleases. Hence, hundreds of times prolonged survival and retention was determined in pertinent to the blood circulation properties. Additionally, the installation of a guide ligand at the distal end of PEG segments was proposed to encourage selective tumor uptake. A linear peptide of GPLGVRG, which is selectively susceptible to digestion by the tumor-enriched matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), was used as the linkage between the shell and core. This peptide has been shown to detach the bio-inert PEGylation, resulting in further facilitated cell endocytosis and intracellular trafficking activities. Hence, the precisely defined synthetic nanomedicine, which exhibits desirable characteristics, efficient expression of the therapeutic gene in the affected cells, and contributed to potent therapeutic efficacy in systemic treatment of intractable tumors by encapsulating the anti-angiogenic gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Carbon emission in MINT economies: The role of poverty, population, energy use and economic factors.
- Author
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Bekun, Festus Victor, Uzuner, Gizem, Onifade, Stephen Taiwo, and Alola, Andrew Adewale
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *ENVIRONMENTAL quality , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *CLEAN energy , *FOSSIL fuels , *ELECTRIC power consumption - Abstract
Poor environmental quality is usually observed in developing blocs. Some plausible explanations are due to the high poverty level and their economic characterisation. The present study focuses on exploring the effect of poverty on environmental degradation over annual data from 1990 to 2018 for MINT economies (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkiye). By leveraging panel econometrics procedures that are robust to cross‐sectional and slope homogeneity issues, the results show evidence of an equilibrium relationship among the examined variables namely households final consumption expenditure, CO2 emissions, GDP, electricity consumption and population over the sampled period. Findings from this study establish that poverty is a core to environmental degradation in Türkiye and the plausible explanation is due to the country's demography while on the contrary, Nigeria, Indonesia and Mexico show that poverty is not a core contributor to environmental degradation. Thus, from a policy lens, there is need for concerted efforts by government officials and all stakeholders in the examined countries to reduce environmental degradation by improving per capita income (SDG‐8) in the region productive economic activities to raise income level in the bloc. Additionally, there is a need for energy transition from fossil fuel‐based energy to cleaner energy alternative options. More policy caveats are elucidated in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Impacts of agriculture in the largest irrigated perimeter region from Latin America: effects on land degradation in the Samambaia River Basin.
- Author
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da Silva, Marcos Vinícius, Mesquita, Marcio, Ferreira, Maria Beatriz, da Silva, Jhon Lennon Bezerra, da Silva, Jéssica Bruna Alves, de Barros de Sousa, Lizandra, de Assunção Montenegro, Abelardo Antônio, de Almeida, Gledson Luiz Pontes, Pandorfi, Héliton, de Moraes, Diogo Henrique Morato, Flores, Rilner Alves, de Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca Elias, Battisti, Rafael, dos Santos Almeida, Alexsandro Claudio, Silva, Patrícia Costa, de Oliveira-Júnior, José Francisco, and da Silva, Thieres George Freire
- Subjects
NORMALIZED difference vegetation index ,BODIES of water ,STANDARD deviations ,LAND degradation ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
The increasing demand for water resources has resulted in environmental degradation and conflicting interests among diverse users. This research aimed to scrutinize the causes and repercussions of land use exploitation and degradation within the Samambaia River Basin (SRB), focusing on potential environmental impacts linked to the management of irrigated agriculture. The study encompassed the entire SRB. Adopting climatological data from 1981 to 2010, distinct dry and wet seasons in the SRB were delineated. A precise slope map has been produced based on an elevation dataset, while vegetation indices like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) have been computed. Indices such as the Woody Vegetation Biomass Index (WVBI), Vegetation Vulnerability Index (VVI), and Land Vulnerability Index (LVI) were derived from the NDVI. The dataset underwent descriptive statistical analysis, incorporating adjustment and validation factors. The root mean square error (RMSE) values for the daily rainfall data were notably low (7.0711 and 7.9223 mm). The years 2015, 2016, and 2018 experienced heightened rainfall during the dry season, while 2015 and 2018 recorded significant rainfall in the wet season. NDWI ranged from − 0.41 to 0.24, with positive values indicating the presence of water bodies in the SRB. During the dry season, regions with denser vegetation are largely associated to areas with central pivot irrigation. The WVBI revealed intensified vegetation in the wet seasons of 2014 and 2019. The LVI during the dry season varied from moderate to very low, with limited high-risk areas predominantly along water body boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Influences of economy, energy, finance, and natural resources on carbon emissions in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Raihan, Asif, Rahman, Junaid, Tanchangya, Tipon, Ridwan, Mohammad, and Bari, A. B. M. Mainul
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NATURAL resources ,CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,CARBON emissions ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Understanding the risks posed to humankind, the environment, and overall growth requires a deep exploration of the profound impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially carbon dioxide (CO
2 ), on global climate change. This study explores the complex relationships among economic extension, energy utilization, financial progress, natural resource rents, and CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. By analyzing annual data from 1974 to 2022, our analysis reveals a long-term connection between the variables, as evidenced by the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test. We found that for every 1% rise in economic growth, energy use, financial progress, and natural resource rents, CO2 emissions rise by 0.13%, 1.50%, 0.39%, and 0.04%, respectively. This is based on the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method. The outcomes are further supported by the canonical cointegrating regression (CCR), followed by fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). By illuminating the causes of Bangladesh's environmental degradation, this study offers actionable policy suggestions aimed at fostering sustainable growth and enforcing strict regulations that effectively mitigate environmental harm. Highlights: • This study explored the environmental effects of the economy, energy, finance, and natural resources. • Bangladesh's annual time series data were utilized for econometric assessment. • The results show that rising carbon emissions are connected to economic evolution, energy usage, financial development, and natural resource rents. • The results suggest policies toward CO2 emission reduction and sustainable development in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Preserving earth's ?ora in the 21st century: climate, biodiversity, and global change factors since the mid-1940s.
- Author
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Mosoh, Dexter Achu, Prakash, Om, Khandel, Ashok Kumar, and Vendrame, Wagner A.
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CLIMATE change models ,PLANT diversity ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,PLANT conservation ,PLANT tissue culture - Abstract
Climate change and biodiversity conservation are two of the most urgent challenges of the twenty-first century. Current global climate models indicate that climate-related events will continue to increase in frequency and intensity, leading to severe impacts on ecosystems, particularly plant diversity. Despite the 2015 Paris Agreement, efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius and secure adequate climate financing remain unsatisfactory. In addition, the National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plans (NBSAPs), a core mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), have faced issues in implementation at the national level. Many NBSAPs lack clear and measurable biodiversity targets, which limits their effectiveness. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of these urgent issues, highlighting the significant challenges and deficiencies in current climate and biodiversity conservation policies. It evaluates the effectiveness of the Kew conservation strategy as a model for protecting and conserving plant diversity. Furthermore, this review underscores the pivotal role of plant tissue culture (PTC) technology in achieving plant conservation targets within the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. This review strongly supports the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the integration of PTC into global plant conservation strategies to meet the ambitious 30-by-30 targets. This review also advocates for the establishment of the Kew-Wide Mechanism (KWM) to bolster climate resilience, reduce anthropogenic impacts on plant diversity, revitalize global conservation efforts, and accelerate ecosystem restoration in the face of ongoing climate change. Proposed as a comprehensive approach to plant conservation, the KWM offers a strategic, innovative, and scalable solution as the global economy transitions toward decarbonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The impact of forestry management practices on regional economic benefits and livelihood of the rural communities in Ghana: a case study of three forest reserves in the Ashanti region.
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Ampadu, Prince Boateng and Yang, Jiameng
- Subjects
FOREST management ,FOREST declines ,FOREST policy ,FOREST reserves ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
Over the past years, forests have been crucial in shaping economic development patterns by sustaining livelihoods, assisting in economic restructuring, and encouraging sustainable growth. This study assesses the impact of forestry management practices on regional economic benefits and the livelihoods of rural communities in Ghana, focusing on three forest reserves in the Ashanti Region. A mixed-method research design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches, was employed. A total of 234 respondents were purposively selected based on their availability and willingness to respond to questions, with data collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The findings indicate a notable improvement in the standard of living, measured by four indicators: household finances, food security, physical health, and social indicators. Despite these improvements, a significant decrease in forest cover was observed in recent years. The decline in forest cover around the three forest reserves in the Ashanti Region of Ghana was attributed to poor management. Communities reported inadequate management and enforcement of forest policies, with forest managers not adhering to regulations, showing high levels of corruption, a trend consistent in 2017 (58.9%) and 2023 (60%). In summary, there has been a significant improvement in the livelihoods of rural communities around the Tano Offin, Nkrabia, and Afram Headwaters forest reserves in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. However, the management of forest resources remains poor and inefficient, leading to a substantial loss of forest cover. This loss threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services. The government should implement proactive forestry management strategies and promote communitybased approaches to enhance community involvement in managing their forest resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Impact of environmental change on the indigenous belief system of the Bayso Community of Gidicho Island, Southern Ethiopia.
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Fekadu, Eshetu, Hebo, Mamo, and Emirie, Gudaye
- Subjects
HUMAN ecology ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,INTELLECTUAL life ,FEDERAL government ,ISLANDS - Abstract
The environment and human existence are inextricably intertwined. Consequently, alterations in the environment's natural characteristics can lead to severe resource shortages. This affects the institutions that have been crucial in shaping and guiding human lives and preserving the environment's richness, as well as the endeavours of communities to sustain their livelihoods. This article examines the impact of environmental change on the indigenous belief system of the Bayso community of Gidicho Island, southern Ethiopia. Ethnographic data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, observation, and photographs. The results showed that environmental change on Gidicho Island and its environs has disrupted the socio-economic and cultural life of the Bayso, essentially their religious rituals. Thus, we advise the federal government to amend the country's development policies that exacerbate environmental degradation and intervene to reduce the effects of poverty on the resource-use behaviours of its people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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