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The Academy of Management Journal (AMJ) provides a broad platform for empirical management research that encompasses diverse topics, methodologies, and data types. Despite the wide array of studies published, successful research projects share key elements, such as an intriguing research question, a structured theoretical foundation, and a suitable research setting. This From the Editors piece introduces the AMJ Management Research Canvas, a guide for scholars to systematically address these core elements. By helping researchers align their studies with essential design and theoretical criteria, the canvas aims to improve the quality and coherence of submissions, benefiting both novice and experienced scholars in management and organizational research.

University of Massachusetts Boston Business schools, like their universities, reproduce racialized socioeconomic inequality. Few empirical studies examine how such reproduction occurs or is challenged. Recently, some institutions have issued anti-racist proclamations (ARPs) suggesting willingness to dismantle racialized structures. Our qualitative study examines the impact of ARPs on a U.S. business school and its university by asking: How do organizational members’ perceptions of, and responses to, ARPs facilitate the reproduction or challenging of racialized socioeconomic inequality? By analyzing interviews, focus groups, and archival data, we find that ARPs generate positive responses but also face opposition, with some advocating a return to a colorblind approach. Findings show the political dynamics activated in attempts to oppose and enact anti-racism. We introduce interpellative sensemaking to theorize how individuals are recruited into ideological battles over racialized systemic power structures. Our findings highlight how ambiguity and fear—of being “too woke” or “not woke enough”—play out differently across racialized positional-ities, impeding effective anti-racism. Our “bigger picture” framework (Lindebaum, 2024) reveals colorblind ideology’s role in maintaining racialized socioeconomic inequality. We argue for management educators to adopt colorbraveness—an approach that intentionally, reflexively, and accountably counters persistent racialized inequalities. We offer policy and practical suggestions for enacting colorbraveness in business schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the entire search space of 32-layer ZnxCd1−xTe superlattices to find the structures that minimize and maximize the bandgap at each possible zinc concentration. The searching is accomplished through an accurate and efficient combination of valence force field dynamics, the empirical pseudopotential method, and the folded spectrum method. We also describe the use of an alternate preconditioner that improves the robustness and efficiency of the locally optimal preconditioned conjugate gradient's solutions to the folded spectrum method. The physical properties of these superlattices, such as their formation energies, bandgaps, densities of states, effective masses, and optical response functions, are investigated with density functional theory paired with hybrid functionals and compare well to available experimental measurements. It is revealed that the bandgap of ZnxCd1−xTe may change by up to 0.2 eV depending on how the layers in the superlattice are ordered. Stacking order has a large, irregular effect on the effective masses, but optical response functions seem insensitive to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many theoretical methods have been applied to research user behaviour and requirements. However, the uncertainty associated with customer characteristics often biases the conclusions drawn from customer research and affects the effectiveness of product design. In this paper, Bayesian networks (BN) are introduced into the research on customer behaviour analysis based upon theory of planned behaviour (TPB), and an analysis model driven by customer research data is established from the perspective of user behaviour intention to guide design optimisation. Combining the User background Factor with the TPB Factor, the model analyses the uncertainty of the association between the two, and corrects the errors in the designer's prior knowledge through structural learning. By a case study the paper finds that the evaluations that enhance customers' subjective norms and perceived behavioural control lead to a greater probability of purchase or use. In addition, customers with specific characteristics are more inclined to generate behaviour intention. The paper finally provides a design optimisation plan based upon the result of the research and discusses about the advantages of the research approaches and the directions of future researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To operationalize the extent to which firms place a strategic emphasis on human capital and human resource management (HRM), we draw on the strategy field's dominant logic theory and on the emerging literature on executive compensation for the heads of major firm functions, such as HRM. Specifically, we investigate whether the pay of human resource executives (HREs) relative to other members of top management teams (TMTs) is related to firm performance. After controlling for the endogeneity of HRE status as one of the highest paid executives on the TMT, we find in a comprehensive sample of the largest US firms that HRE relative pay is positively related to firm financial performance, specifically Tobin's Q. We also find that the relationship of HRE relative pay with Tobin's Q is stronger in relatively smaller and younger firms in our sample. The findings suggest that a strategic emphasis on human capital and HRM leads to higher firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outsourcing is an important strategic decision of high-tech firms. However, while the research has extensively studied the implications of outsourcing to high-tech clients, its impact on high-tech vendors remains underexplored. This study empirically estimates the impact of government outsourcing contracts on high-tech vendors. Employing the earnings-return analyses framework, we find that, for high-tech vendors engaged in government outsourcing contracts, the stock market places a higher value on each unit of unexpected earnings compared to other firms. Additionally, this impact becomes stronger for contracts with longer terms, for contracts outsourced by the U.S. government or by countries with better political and economical stability. We obtain causal evidence through difference-in-differences (DID) analyses of high-tech firms' initiations of government contracts. Mechanism analyses uncover two primary drivers behind this impact: increased persistence of future earnings and improved alignment between accrual earnings and cash flows. Overall, our research indicates that when valuing high-tech firms, the stock market incorporates information from supply-chain networks, especially that related to government customers. Our results underscore the importance of obtaining government outsourcing contracts for high-tech firms' managers. Becoming a vendor to the government helps a high-tech firm reduce the uncertainty faced by its outside investors, who in turn value the high-tech firm's earnings to a greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes an empirical framework to help firms understand to what degree the transaction-specific Net Promoter Scores (NPS) spill over and affect customer spending across multiple product categories under the same parent brand. The proposed framework is applied to novel individual-level, cross-sectional, and time-series NPS ratings matched with transaction details from a leading lifestyle conglomerate in the Middle East. Findings provide strong support for the presence of the NPS spillover in brand extensions and show that the spillover is moderated by customer learning both within and across categories. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the Net Promoter Score's (NPS) popularity among managers, the marketing literature has given limited attention to this indicator and has, instead, focused primarily on its impact on business performance. However, to highlight the mechanisms that contribute to the formation of the NPS and identify operational means to improve the score, it is important to get a deeper understanding of the factors that distinguish the NPS's customer categories ("detractors," "passives," and "promoters"). Accordingly, this research explores the relationship between perceived value and the NPS. An empirical study of 893 customers from two specialized retail chains was conducted to examine the relations between value sources and customer categorization as "detractors," "passives," or "promoters". The results also lead to the identification of differentiated value profiles according to these customer categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enduring trait of modern corporations is their propensity to diversify into multiple lines of business. Penrosian theories conceptualize diversification as a strategy to exploit a firm's fungible, yet "untradeable," resources and point to the redeployment of technological know-how as an important driver thereof. However, less understood are the characteristics of technological assets that underlie firms' diversification decisions and the impact that diversification has on firms' subsequent development of technologies. In this paper, we expand the existing theories in two ways. First, we argue that central to understanding firms' diversification decisions is a distinction between their technological assets that are applicable to many markets and ones that are useful in only a limited number of contexts. To this end, we develop a novel way to characterize technologies along a continuum from highly general-purpose to highly market-specific. Second, we explore empirically the idea that diversification is an adaptive learning process involving both the exploitation of existing capabilities and the creation of novel ones. Using data on three decades of patenting and diversification histories of 28,376 firms, we find that (i) a firm's possession of general-purpose technological assets is positively associated with its decision to diversify and (II) firms that enter a new industry through diversification develop technologies that are specialized to the target industry. Our findings have implications for understanding firm growth, diversification, and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When does pay dispersion elicit positive or negative employee attitudes? A review of the pay dispersion literature indicates a controversy around this vital question and suggests that numerous contingency factors moderate the effects of pay dispersion. In an empirical study of four Finnish companies consisting of 141 work units, we examine contingencies in attitudinal reactions to job‐based pay dispersion among blue‐collar workers. Based on archival pay data matched with employee survey responses (n = 536), we find that perceptions of pay basis legitimacy, task interdependence, and an individual's pay standing within the work unit explain the strength and direction of the relation between job‐based pay dispersion and employee attitudes (i.e., work engagement and organizational commitment). Our findings have implications for the design of pay systems and contribute to a better appreciation of the complexities underlying employee attitudinal responses to pay dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a university's information resource center, the library has always provided services for teachers and students. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the relationship between the allocation of library resources and the competitiveness of universities in innovation and entrepreneurship (CUIE). Clarifying that relationship could help optimize library resources to enhance CUIE and enrich the empirical research system of library science. Based on clarifying the composition of library resources, correlation and regression analyses were used to verify the effect of library resource allocation on CUIE. The results show that human, academic, and spatial resources of the library can improve CUIE. The quality of human resources is more important than quantity for CUIE. For academic resources, electronic resources play a greater role than paper resources in CUIE, and spatial resources have the least effect. To maximize CUIE, the university library must optimize its resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: To describe sources of health information and health-seeking behaviours of adults (aged ≥18) living in medically underserved communities in the Philippines. DESIGN: This is a secondary, quantitative analysis from a cross-sectional parent study. Participants completed a 10-item, self-report survey on their sources of health information, healthcare providers sought for health and wellness and health-seeking behaviours when ill. Responses were evaluated across two age groups (

IssueWhen frontline employees' voice is not heard and their ideas are not implemented, patient care is negatively impacted, and frontline employees are more likely to experience burnout and less likely to engage in subsequent change efforts.Critical theoretical analysisTheory about what happens to voiced ideas during the critical stage after employees voice and before performance outcomes are measured is nascent. We draw on research from organizational behavior, human resource management, and health care management to develop a multilevel model encompassing practices and processes at the individual, team, managerial, and organizational levels that, together, provide a nuanced picture of how voiced ideas reach implementation.Insight/advanceWe offer a multilevel understanding of the practices and processes through which voice leads to implementation; illuminate the importance of thinking temporally about voice to better understand the complex dynamics required for voiced ideas to reach implementation; and highlight factors that help ideas reach implementation, including voicers' personal and interpersonal tactics with colleagues and managers, as well as senior leaders modeling and explaining norms and making voice-related processes and practices transparent.Practice implicationsOur model provides evidence-based strategies for bolstering rejected or ignored ideas, including how voicers (re)articulate ideas, whom they enlist to advance ideas, how they engage peers and managers to improve conditions for intentional experimentation, and how they take advantage of listening structures and other formal mechanisms for voice. Our model also highlights how senior leaders can make change processes and priorities explicit and transparent.

Highly customized products and rapid delivery are essential in modern assembly systems, while efficient and error-free assembly processes are crucial. Supporting assembly operators with assembly instructions is paramount, but creating and maintaining qualitative instructions for high-variety, low-volume production systems is complicated and labor-intensive. Consequently, quality problems in assembly instructions are frequent and usually result in severe adverse outcomes. Recognizing and addressing these problems is challenging, as available assembly information on the shop floor is often not monitored, and instruction authors are overwhelmed by the workload. This research proposes a novel methodology for automatically and objectively evaluating the quality of assembly instructions based on the Behavioral Observation Theory. A behavioral coding scheme for manual assembly activities was developed, and the effects of low-quality instructions were explored through an empirical study. In a series of assembly experiments, subjects performed tasks guided by intentionally flawed instructions. The most impactful behavior types were identified and used as input features for a classifier algorithm, which computes a probability score for quality issues in an instruction version. This approach enabled us to identify low-quality instructions via operator behavior with an accuracy of 64% and estimate the type of quality problem with 54% accuracy. While there is room for improvement in accuracy, the most significant quality problems were successfully identified. By highlighting these issues, the method engineer can address them effectively, substantially enhancing the set of assembly instructions. We pinpointed areas for further research and improvements, which will enhance the monitoring of the quality of assembly instructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new method is introduced under the Bayesian framework to derive the credibility estimator of risk premiums based on the Esscher premium principle. This new estimator offers desirable statistical properties, making it more useful and practical compared to existing estimators. Additionally, Bayesian models for policy portfolios are established, and empirical Bayes methods are employed to estimate the structural parameters. The empirical Bayesian estimation of risk premiums is also discussed in detail. The convergence rate and goodness of the proposed estimators are verified through simulations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the new estimator and its superior performance compared to other existing methods. Finally, an empirical analysis is conducted using real insurance data, which further confirms the applicability and reliability of the proposed credibility estimator and its superiority in practical insurance applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper deconstructs the boundary-spanning technology innovation (BSTI) of manufacturing enterprises based on dual-meta and dual-degree perspective. We aim to explore the impact of differentiated internal reconfigurations on networking capabilities and, thus, different BSTIs and then reveal the optimal transformation paths of different BSTIs. Design/methodology/approach: We use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to conduct an empirical study on 128 manufacturing enterprises in China to reveal the heterogeneous combinatorial path of internal reconfigurations on BSTI through the networking capability, and the case analysis in specific technology fields of Haier, Gree, Midea and TBEA is used to verify our results. The transfer entropy (TE) method is used to reveal the best transformation paths of different BSTIs. Findings: The results show that the manufacturing enterprises follow the "I," "T," "⊥" and "|" reconfiguration logic to effectively realize multiple boundaries breakthrough (MBB), tick boundaries breakthrough (TBB), multiple boundaries reproducing (MBR) and tick boundaries reproducing (TBR) BSTI, respectively. The BSTI has two adjacent transformations named "dual-meta transformations" and "dual-degree transformations." Nonadjacent transformations follow the "clockwise" transformation law. In "quality transformation," "degree" transforms first and then "meta" follows, while in "feature transformation," "meta" transforms first and then degree follows. Originality/value: Firstly, the scientific classification of BSTI is carried out to guide enterprises to carry out accurate BSTI. Secondly, the "internal reconfiguration-networking capability-BSTI" paths of manufacturing enterprises are explored. Finally, the different laws of different BSTIs' transformations are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore how to overcome and address the loss of exploratory innovation, thereby achieving greater success in exploratory innovation. This phenomenon of loss occurs when enterprises decrease their investment in and engagement with exploratory innovation, ultimately leading to an insufficient amount of such innovation efforts. Drawing on dynamic capabilities, this study investigates the relationship between organizational foresight and exploratory innovation and examines the moderating role of breakthrough orientation/financial orientation. Design/methodology/approach: This study used survey data collected from 296 Chinese high-tech companies in multiple industries and sectors. Findings: The evidence produced by this study reveals that three elements of organizational foresight (i.e. environmental scanning capabilities, strategic selection capabilities and integrating capabilities) positively influence exploratory innovation. Furthermore, this positive effect is strengthened in the context of a high-breakthrough orientation. Moreover, the relationships among environmental scanning capabilities, strategic selection capabilities and exploratory innovation become weaker as an enterprise's financial orientation increases, whereas a strong financial orientation does not affect the relationship between integrating capabilities and exploratory innovation. Research limitations/implications: Ambidexterity is key to successful enterprise innovation. Compared with exploitative innovation, it is by no means easy to engage in exploratory innovation, which is especially important in high-tech companies. While the loss of exploratory innovation has been observed, few empirical studies have explored ways to promote exploratory innovation more effectively. A key research implication of this study pertains to the role of organizational foresight in the improvement of exploratory innovation in the context of high-tech companies. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the broader literature on exploratory innovation and organizational foresight and provides practical guidance for high-tech companies regarding ways of avoiding the loss of exploratory innovation and becoming more successful at exploratory innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess a commercially available electronic whiteboard's usability and acceptability in isolation rooms, focusing on improving nurse–patient communication and supporting data input. Design: A cross‐sectional study with quantitative and qualitative mixed methods. Methods: We evaluated the usability and acceptability of electronic whiteboards among nurses using scenarios in a virtual isolation room environment. Results: Nurses recognised the electronic whiteboard as a valuable tool for communication and error reductions in record‐keeping but noted a learning curve for less tech‐savvy users. Positive correlations were found between perceived usefulness, ease of use and adoption intent. Despite challenges, electronic whiteboards show promise for enhancing patient care, requiring comprehensive training and management systems. Time allocation in patient wards and nurse–patient interactions are crucial considerations. Conclusion: Electronic whiteboards have usability and acceptability as a tool to improve nurse–patient communication. However, considering technical issues and staff resistance, a management system and user training are necessary. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Nurses perceive electronic whiteboards as user‐friendly and as facilitating data input. Reporting Method: TREND (Nonrandomised evaluations of behavioural and public health interventions). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the postoperative kinesophobia of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and its related factors. Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention is an effective method to treat coronary heart disease (CHD), and cardiac rehabilitation is an important auxiliary method after PCI. However, the compliance of patients with cardiac rehabilitation after PCI is not good, among which kinesophobia is an important influencing factor. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional design was implemented, and the high‐quality reporting of the study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement. Methods: In total, 351 inpatients who underwent PCI in three tertiary grade‐A hospitals in China were selected by convenient sampling method. We use one‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relevant related factors. Results: The kinesophobia of patients after PCI was negatively correlated with chronic illness resource utilization and sense of personal mastery, and positively correlated with illness perception. Education level, clinical classification of CHD, exercise habits, chronic illness resource utilization, illness perception and sense of personal mastery entered the regression equation, which could explain 78.1% of the total variation. Conclusion: The level of kinesiophobia of patients after PCI is high. Education level, clinical classification of CHD, exercise habits, chronic illness resource utilization, illness perception and sense of personal mastery are the related factors of kinesiophobia of patients after PCI. Relevance to Clinical Practice: By reducing the level of exercise fear of patients after PCI, patients are more likely to accept and adhere to the cardiac rehabilitation plan, thus improving their prognosis and improving their quality of life. Patient or Public Contribution: The patient underwent PCI in the research hospital. Researchers screen them according to the inclusion criteria and invite them to participate in this study. If they meet the requirements, participants will answer the research questionnaire face to face after signing the informed consent form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many teachers, pastoral care staff, counsellors, psychologists and others from related disciplines who support children and young people's (CYP's) personal, social and emotional development are concerned by declining well-being and the increased demand for pastoral care and counselling for students with social, emotional and mental health (SEMH) needs. For practitioners to meet these SEMH needs effectively requires both an understanding of them and, more importantly, how CYP themselves make meaning from them. Psychological theories, especially those applicable to exploring experiences that evoke strong emotions, are vital. This paper outlines one such theory-informed approach: a collaborative approach to SEMH assessment at times of school transition. Specifically, it examines a novel use of projective techniques (PTs), where CYP are asked to provide a free-flow response to a stimulus [Content] and then think together with the practitioner about this response [Dialogue]. Reflective accounts of the method are provided to outline how it can support CYP's engagement in assessment; enhancement of shared insights in formulation and personalisation of interventions. These are critical case study vignettes of using this new approach in applied practice, and there is a priority need for further empirical research. Other limitations and strengths of using PTs are outlined, and implications for future developments provided. Finally, an argument is made that system level transformation may be required if the necessary support for school-based staff to make effective use of these tools is to be realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuously growing field of private English-speaking international schooling has always involved a dichotomy of approach. The marginal 'internationalist' approach, ideologically committed to nurturing unity and global peace, is exemplified by the cadre of United World Colleges (UWC). The UWCs began in 1962 and now number 18 globally educating 10,500 young people yet have largely evaded empirical research inquiry into their processes and experience. The inter-linked UWC 10-day residential 'Short Course' is a particularly strong unit of potential inquiry. By utilising Erving Goffman's Frame Analysis we will investigate the UWC experience, as metaphorically told by participants. The course is framed as a 'safe space' whereby the participants can act out their thoughts and emotions, whilst also helping to bring them closely together as a 'mini society'. This immersion, as a community of similarly minded yet privileged young people, seems to be a strongly inter-connecting experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owners of major league franchises in the United States receive hundreds of millions of dollars in taxpayer support for their facilities. Proponents of these subsidies appeal to utilitarianism to justify their policy position, but social equity is a casualty of utilitarianism. In this article, we review the utilitarianism–social equity conflict within the context of major league subsidies. We review four areas where social inequities appear in subsidy debates: eminent domain, budgetary trade-offs, negative externalities, and community benefits agreements. Our hope is to bring increased awareness to the social equity aspects of subsidies to motivate empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aims to provide empirical evidence for and against the valid use of primary school students' ratings of three generic dimensions of teaching quality (classroom management, supportive climate, cognitive activation). We examine whether students discriminate between corresponding dimensions in different subjects, taking into account whether these subjects are taught by the same or different teachers. Using data from the German Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2015 assessment of 3,853 fourth graders (Mage = 8.8 years, 195 classes), we conduct multilevel-multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. The results suggest that students only differentiate between subjects when taught by different teachers. The findings also imply that valid inferences from student assessments may be affected by students' experiences with multiple teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining safety is a fundamental goal in logistics infrastructure management. Current research on logistics infrastructure safety constructed assessment models without accounting for the catastrophe property of accidents. This research aims at developing an innovative methodology for assessing the safety of logistics infrastructure, which will consider catastrophe property of accident and providing early warning signals for managers and designers. The concept of Logistics Infrastructure Safety Carrying Capacity (LISC) is explored based on the perspective of carrying capacity. The carrier-load model is used to define logistics infrastructure safety. The evaluation of LISC performance employs the Catastrophe Progression Method (CPM) to determine the safety state of logistics infrastructure. By applying the LISC-CPM model to the empirical study of China's logistics infrastructure safety from 2011 to 2022, some conclusions are drawn: (1) The LISC-CPM method is suitable for logistics infrastructure safety monitoring. This model can combine the characteristics of different transportation modes and the catastrophe attributes of safety accidents for early safety warning; (2) Over a 12-year period, the early warning level for logistics infrastructure in China significantly improved, transitioning from "severe-level unsafe warning" to "safe." (3) There is considerable variation in safety performance across different types of logistics infrastructure. The safety of railway and waterway has the most significant influence on the safety of logistics infrastructure. In general, the study can provide valuable tools for enhancing the safety of logistics infrastructure. • Analyzed logistics infrastructure safety based on the perspective of carrying capacity. • Proposed a (Logistics infrastructure safety carrying capacity) LISC assessment method that considers catastrophe property of the accidents. • Obtained the hierarchical early warning of logistics infrastructure safety based on the proposed model measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mothers and infants continue to die at alarming rates throughout the Global South. Evidence suggests that high‐quality midwifery care significantly reduces preventable maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This paper uses a case study approach to describe the social and institutional model at one birth center in Northern Uganda where, in over 20,000 births, there have been no maternal deaths and the neonatal mortality rate is 11/1000—a rate that is lower than many high‐resource countries. Methods: This case study combined institutional ethnographic and narrative methods to explore key maternal and neonatal outcomes. The sample included birthing people who intended to or had given birth at the center, as well as the midwives, staff, stakeholders, and community health workers affiliated with the center. Data were collected through individual and small group interviews, participant observation, field notes, data and document reviews. Iterative and systematic analytical steps were followed, and all data were organized and managed with Atlas.ti software. Results: Findings describe the setting, an overview of the birth center's history, how it is situated within the community, its staffing, administration, clinical outcomes, and model of care. A synthesis of contextual variables and key outcomes as they relate to the components of the evidence‐informed Quality Maternal and Newborn Care (QMNC) framework are presented. Three overarching themes were identified: (a) community knowledge and understanding, (b) community integrated care, and (c) quality care that is respectful, accessible, and available. Conclusions: This birth center is an example of care that embodies the findings and anticipated outcomes described in the QMNC framework. Replication of this model in other childbearing settings may help alleviate unnecessary perinatal morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The log-rank test can be viewed as nonparametric from the standpoint of a series of $ 2\times 2 $ 2 × 2 tables, as semi-parametric from the standpoint of the proportional hazards model and as parametric from the viewpoint of a constructed empirical process. Under non-proportional hazards the optimality afforded by this test is lost. Some of this lost power can be recovered by more carefully structured tests. We focus on the integrated log-rank test. Under certain alternatives, we show this test to be unbiased, and consistent. It will also be seen to correlate well with the uniformly most powerful test, a test that, in practice, is not available. The integrated log-rank test is a useful addition to the clinical researcher's toolbox. For the purposes of illustration we revisit 3 recently published large scale clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our study analysed 46 articles on computer‐aided translation (CAT) and its educational uses. We explored two main areas: CAT technologies in learning and teaching, and the research methodologies of these studies. Objectives: Our review covered the types of CAT technologies used, their applications in different learning settings, theoretical backgrounds and their pros and cons. We also looked at the research designs, participant demographics and data collection methods used in these studies. Methods: We conducted an extensive search across academic databases using relevant keywords and employed open coding to analyse and categorize the content of identified articles, focusing on aspects related to CAT technologies in educational contexts. Results and Conclusions: Our findings showed the use of 22 distinct CAT technologies, with Google Translate being the most common. The studies mostly used empirical research methods and questionnaires. University students were the primary participants. CAT technologies were applied in various contexts, including language learning, translation teaching, cross‐cultural learning and foreign language lectures. We identified five key theoretical foundations for CAT use. Benefits included bridging language barriers, vocabulary enhancement, and grammar improvement as well as providing reference and feedback for writing and translation. Challenges included inaccuracies and inappropriate translations. However, most studies showed a positive impact of CAT on learning outcomes. Based on our analysis, we offer recommendations for educators and researchers in the field. This review provides a thorough understanding of CAT's applications and effects in education, guiding future advancements in this area. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: CAT tools enhance language learning and teaching.Inaccuracies in CAT translations affect learning.CAT tools are primarily used in language learning contexts. What this paper adds: Explores CAT tools in non‐language learning contexts.Identifies challenges and benefits of CAT technology.Highlights importance of theoretical foundations in CAT research The implications of study findings for practitioners: Guidance on effective and ethical CAT tool use is crucial.Need for strategies to improve CAT translation accuracy.Recommends expanding CAT applications in diverse contexts.Emphasizes developing machine translation literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a formally organized field of study, Australian gifted education was established in the early 1980s. Previous studies have examined the quantity and quality of scholarly dissemination and offered the first analyses of the corpus of Australian gifted education empirical research. The purpose of this study is to extend prior findings by investigating the national and international impact of this cumulative body of knowledge using bibliometric methods of analysis. Using Google Scholar as the database to extract our unit of analysis and applying bibliometric analyses, we established growth of citations over time; identified the most-cited authors and peer-reviewed articles; constructed the regional networks who most use Australia's research; and identified citing journals and their corresponding h-index and quartile. The results from this study illustrate the impact and influence of Australian gifted education research nationally and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We agree with Skraaning and Jamieson's assertion that the "failure" construct is not always clearly defined in human-automation interaction research. We applied their proposed taxonomy to explore how failures have been characterized in driving automation research based on a recent scoping review we conducted. We discuss the insights gained and the challenges of using the taxonomy to characterize driving automation failures: (1) Utilizing the taxonomy confirmed that driving automation research is limited in failure scenarios tested. (2) Applying the taxonomy to empirical studies on driving automation is challenging due to limited information on underlying failure mechanisms. (3) Failures can be difficult to classify due to the complexity of technology and environmental factors. (4) Researchers and designers should know failure mechanisms, but drivers will not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the local scour around the cylindrical pier mounted on a gravel bed for a low coarseness ratio (d/d50), which is defined as the ratio of pier diameter d to the median particle size (d50) of the bed material. An experimental study was conducted in a flume with varying pier diameters and flow conditions. The effect of flow depth on the scour was observed for a limiting condition, i.e. the ratio of flow depth (h) to the pier diameter (d) is less than 4.33. The critical limit of h/d for affecting the scour depth for the gravel bed was found to be three times more than that of the sand bed. From the experimental results, an empirical relationship is proposed based on the dimensional analysis for the estimation of scour depth for a low coarseness range (d/d50 < 25). The proposed relationship estimates the scour depth with an error of less than ±15%, within the acceptable limit. Furthermore, it is also performing well for the coarseness ratio up to 100 with an error within the range of ± 30%. The results from this study can be useful for scour prediction and for the design of a bridge pier in a gravel bed with a low range of coarseness value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the hotspots of WeChat official accounts and the impact of their pushes on user information behaviour including reading rate, sharing rate, number of comments or collections and fan growth rate. Using nine official accounts provided by the Sootoo Network, this study collected data on more than 10,000 pushes released from January to December 2017. In this study, a second-order user information behaviour model using the collected data was constructed. Based on empirical research, a prediction model of user information behaviour was built using a backpropagation neural network and random forest algorithm, and two variable sets were used for training. Then, the effect of different prediction models was analysed to determine the main factors affecting user information behaviour. This study addresses gaps in the field of WeChat research, and the results are of great practical significance for the operators of WeChat official accounts: they can help them optimise operation effects and enhance the influence of official accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we use e‐values in the context of multiple hypothesis testing, assuming that the base tests produce independent, or sequential, e‐values. Our simulation and empirical studies, as well as theoretical considerations, suggest that, under this assumption, our new algorithms are superior to the known algorithms using independent p‐values and to our recent algorithms designed for e‐values without the assumption of independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To describe intensive care unit nurses' experiences of moral distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and their recommendations for mitigative interventions. Design: Interpretive description. Methods: Data were collected with a purposeful sample of 40 Canadian intensive care unit nurses between May and September 2021. Nurses completed a demographic questionnaire, the Measure of Moral Distress—Healthcare Professionals survey and in‐depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were categorized and synthesized using reflexive thematic analysis and rapid qualitative analysis. Results: Half of the nurses in this sample reported moderate levels of moral distress. In response to moral distress, nurses experienced immediate and long‐term effects across multiple health domains. To cope, nurses discussed varied reactions, including action, avoidance and acquiescence. Nurses provided recommendations for interventions across multiple organizations to mitigate moral distress and negative health outcomes. Conclusion: Nurses reported that moral distress drove negative health outcomes and attrition in response to moral events in practice. To change these conditions of moral distress, nurses require organizational investments in interventions and cultures that prioritize the inclusion of nursing perspectives and voices. Implications for the Profession: Nurses engage in a variety of responses to cope with moral distress. They possess valuable insights into the practice issues central to moral distress that have significant implications for all members of the healthcare teams, patients and systems. It is essential that nurses' voices be included in the development of future interventions central to the responses to moral distress. Reporting Method: This study adheres to COREQ guidelines. Impact: What Problem did the Study Address?: Given the known structural, systemic and environmental factors that contribute to intensive care unit nurses' experiences of moral distress, and ultimately burnout and attrition, it was important to learn about their experiences of moral distress and their recommendations for organizational mitigative interventions. Documentation of these experiences and recommendations took on a greater urgency during the context of a global health emergency, the COVID‐19 pandemic, where such contextual influences on moral distress were less understood. What Were the Main Findings?: Over half of the nurses reported a moderate level of moral distress. Nurses who were considering leaving nursing practice reported higher moral distress scores than those who were not considering leaving. In response to moral distress, nurses experienced a variety of outcomes across several health domains. To cope with moral distress, nurses engaged in patterns of action, avoidance and acquiescence. To change the conditions of moral distress, nurses desire organizational interventions, practices and culture changes situated in the amplification of their voices. Where and on Whom Will the Research Have an Impact on?: These findings will be of interest to: (1) researchers developing and evaluating interventions that address the complex phenomenon of moral distress, (2) leaders and administrators in hospitals, and relevant healthcare and nursing organizations, and (3) nurses interested in leveraging evidence‐informed recommendations to advocate for interventions to address moral distress. What Does this Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Community?: This paper advances the body of scientific work on nurses' experiences of moral distress, capturing this phenomenon within the unique context of a global health emergency.Nurses' levels of moral distress using Measure of Moral Distress—Healthcare Professional survey were reported, serving as a comparator for future studies seeking to measure and evaluate intensive care unit nurses' levels of moral distress.Nurses' recommendations for mitigative interventions for moral distress have been reported, which can help inform future interventional studies. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional and behavioral regulations are crucial for the development of perceptive, responsive, and flexible parenting. Moreover, maternal emotional dysregulation constitutes a risk for maltreatment behaviors. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies on the associations between mothers' emotional and behavioral regulations and parenting practices with their children or adolescents. A systematic review was conducted, including papers that addressed these variables, analyzing the direct effects, and moderation or mediation effects of maternal emotional and behavioral regulation on parenting practices, targeting child and adolescent samples. We identified 35 studies for analysis. Most of the studies (86%) showed significant associations between maternal emotional and behavioral regulation and parenting practices. Mothers' emotional dysregulation was related to a high risk of maltreatment and negative parenting, such as unsupportive reactions and harsh discipline. High maternal emotional dysregulation and negative parenting, in turn, were associated with children's aggressive behaviors. Conversely, when mothers exhibited high emotional regulation, they engaged in more positive and supportive parenting. Additionally, maternal behavioral regulation with inhibitory control and effortful control led to supportive and warm parenting. Individual and contextual factors, such as maternal victimization history and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, had effects on maternal emotional dysregulation, which, in turn, impacted their parenting practices. Consequently, emotional and behavioral regulation played a crucial role in mothers' parenting practices with their children and adolescents. The findings of the current review could contribute to planning parenting interventions, including maternal emotional and behavioral regulation skills, aimed at preventing maltreatment of their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous valuable research has examined the effect individual-level social and psychological factors have on suicidality. However, scholarship has yet to investigate the role civil society participation plays in suicide rates cross-nationally. Thus, this study examines the effect civil society participation has on suicide rates in 156 countries from varying levels of development from 2000 – 2019 from Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and North America. When including standard controls and controlling for potential endogeneity, the findings indicate that civil society participation, both political and non-political, has a negative and statistically significant effect on suicide rates. The results suggest that both political and non-political forms of civil society participation may produce positive social and psychological benefits that are associated with lower suicide rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'FUSE' is an anti-bullying and online safety programme developed to support schools in complying with the Action Plan Procedures (2013). Between 2019 and 2022, 56% of all Post-Primary Schools in Ireland registered for the programme. FUSE is designed to address two key concerns, (a) students tend not to report bullying, and (b) students are increasingly facing online risks. FUSE aims to increase student's self-efficacy to recognise and report bullying behaviour and online harms safely. The programme is informed by Latané and Darley's bystander intervention model which outlines five sequential steps that an individual needs to follow in order to take action. This paper reports on the implementation of FUSE in Post Primary Schools in Ireland, justifying its theoretical base and model, and conveying the results of an empirical study conducted amongst a sample of 1254 Post Primary students (14–15 years of age) in 41 schools upon completion of the programme. Upon completion of the programme students reported high levels of self-efficacy in relation to noticing, responding and willingness to report. Future research will implement a pre- and post-study design to draw firmer conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools are becoming more stressful work environments, and teachers are becoming more vulnerable to job-related stress because of innovation overload, high job demands, and work-family conflict (WFC). Enhancing teachers' psychological capacities may prove helpful in managing stress under such work conditions. While past research has focused on the relationship between WFC and stress, there is limited empirical evidence in the education context on the effect of psychological capital (PsyCap) on changing the magnitude of (moderating) the interplays between WFC and stress. Therefore, this study investigates the moderation effect of teachers' positive PsyCap on the relationship between teachers' WFC and job stress. We adopted a quantitative research method and collected data from a randomly selected sample of 385 teachers in Siirt, a city in the South-East region of Turkey. Data were analyzed through descriptive, correlation, and hierarchical moderated regression statistics. Results indicated that WFC increases teachers' job stress, and PsyCap moderates the relationship between WFC and job stress by mitigating the effects of WFC on teachers' job stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is growing evidence that climate change can negatively impact people's mental health. Therefore, it is important for psychologists to receive adequate training in this area. However, little is known about current levels of training, including the amount of climate change mental health education within postgraduate psychology programs in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand. Method: Two cross-sectional surveys regarding climate change and mental health were emailed to postgraduate psychology programs in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand. The first invited participation from program coordinators (n = 17), the second students (n = 159). We conducted quantitative content analysis and thematic analysis of qualitative responses. Results: Most participants believe this is an important topic of training for psychologists as climate change will impact the mental health of their clients. Further, results indicate minimal climate change mental health content in postgraduate psychology training programs in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand. Conclusions: Integration of climate change mental health education into postgraduate psychology curriculum will work towards equipping the emerging mental health workforce to address this growing demand, which in turn can improve mental health outcomes in a changing climate. KEY POINTS: What is already known about this topic: Climate change negatively impacts mental health in several ways. These impacts will increase as climate change increases. Climate change mental health education is not currently an Australian Psychology Accreditation Council or New Zealand Psychologists Board Accreditation Committee requirement for postgraduate psychology programs. What this study adds: This is the first study to investigate the perceptions of students and program coordinators regarding climate change mental health, and education on this topic within postgraduate psychology programs in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand. We found that: Almost all participants believe that climate change will negatively impact the mental health of their clients and most participants believe climate change and mental health education ought to be incorporated into programs, however the majority indicated it is not presently included. It is important to prepare the emerging psychology workforce in mental health and climate change and integrating education into postgraduate psychology programs represents a step forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2018 to empirically test the influence of the Internet on the innovation gap between regions. Contrary to our intuition, the test results show that the development of the Internet has increased the innovation gap between regions. At the same time, we found that this impact is different in different regions, and the impact on those underdeveloped regions is more significant. We analyze the mechanism that causes this effect through the mediation effect model, and the results show that the Internet mainly affects the unbalanced flow of labor, thereby increasing the innovation gap between regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the estimation of the conditional tail moment at extreme levels for the class of Weibull‐type distributions. A two‐step procedure is introduced where in the first stage one estimates the conditional tail moment at an intermediate level, followed by an extrapolation in the second stage. The asymptotic properties of the estimators introduced in the two stages are derived under suitable assumptions. The finite sample properties of the proposed estimator are examined with a simulation experiment. We conclude with two applications on real life data: wind speed measurements collected at an offshore wind farm and PM2.5 air pollution data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the notion of platformed conspiracism to conceptualize reconfigured forms of conspiracy theory communication as a result of the mutual shaping between platform specificities and emergent user practices. To investigate this relational socio-technological shaping, we propose a conceptual platform-sensitive framework that systematically guides the study of platformed conspiracism. To illustrate the application of the framework, we examine how platformed conspiracism unfolds on BitChute and Gab during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings show that both platforms have positioned themselves as technological equivalents to their "mainstream" counterparts, YouTube and Twitter, by offering similar interfaces and features. However, given their specific services, community-based and politically marketed business models, and minimalist approaches to content moderation, both platforms provide conspiracy propagators a fertile refuge through which they can diversify their presence and profit monetarily from their supply of conspiracy theories and active connection with their followers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Established ecological theory has focused on unitary organisms, and thus its concepts have matured into a form that often hinders rather than facilitates the ecological study of modular organisms. Here, we use the example of filamentous fungi to develop concepts that enable integration of non‐unitary (modular) organisms into the established community ecology theory, with particular focus on its spatial aspects. In doing so, we provide a link between fungal community ecology and modern coexistence theory (MCT). We first show how community processes and predictions made by MCT can be used to define meaningful scales in fungal ecology. This leads to the novel concept of the unit of community interactions (UCI), a promising conceptual tool for applying MCT to communities of modular organisms with indeterminate clonal growth and hierarchical individuality. We outline plausible coexistence mechanisms structuring fungal communities, and show at what spatial scales and in what habitats they are most likely to act. We end by describing challenges and opportunities for empirical and theoretical research in fungal competitive coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although gender equality is a global goal, significant disparity remains between men and women. Benevolent sexism (BS) is widespread and contributes to the maintenance of the gender gap. To reduce BS, many previous studies have implemented long‐term intervention programmes. In contrast, we posit that it is necessary to reduce BS efficiently through simpler methods. This study aimed to reduce participants' BS endorsement by presenting experimental vignettes regarding (a) the harm of BS against women and (b) the pervasiveness of BS. An online experiment was conducted with male and female Japanese participants (n = 816). The results showed that the main effect of presenting the harm of BS against women was significant only among female participants. However, neither the main effect of presenting the pervasiveness of BS nor the interaction between presenting harm and pervasiveness were found. We suggested strategies to reduce BS, especially when endorsed by men. Our experimental manipulation can be conducted in a short time and on many participants simultaneously. More empirical studies aimed at reducing BS should be conducted in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]