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Funded by the Social Sciences and Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) grant, this national study examines arts-based adult education organizations involved in dance, music, drama, and visual arts with a philosophical perspective aligned with a multiliteracies theoretical framework. Multiliteracies considers how cultural and linguistic diversity must be fostered to encourage adults to thrive in all learning environments and recognizes that multimodality provides an expanded way to engage in literacy practices. Utilizing Carey Jewitt's four theoretical tenets to characterize multimodality serves to structure the analytical framework for the findings and discussion of this paper. Multiple case studies and constructivist grounded theory were used for the methodology. Some of the sites discussed in this paper include an art gallery; an immigration museum; and a chamber music organization that offers interactive performances. Participants included adult educators and learners who had options around face-to-face interviews; observations; document analysis of lesson plans or exemplars; or secondary data analysis of original ¿lm footage shot in these spaces. This research has found that arts-based approaches can infuse the work of adult educators to engage adult learners in inclusive pedagogy and active citizenship.

This article discusses the place of the concept of global citizenship within the context of African values. It holds that if the modern concept of global citizenship education as espoused by UNESCO and other global organisations is relatively recent, the same concept is ancient within the context of sub-Saharan Africa and it is subsumed within African values. The article argues that the search for a universal theory of global citizenship education is yet to yield any positive result and it critiques the three methodologies so far adopted in promoting global citizenship education across the world. The article concludes that whilst modern global citizenship education is tied to the material world and the benefits derivable therefrom, the concept of global citizenship education advanced by at least five African values is rooted in the depth of humanity from where it rises to smoothen human relations and sooth the pains caused by human avarice.

With the global developments, educational institutions play a vital role in fostering cultural intelligence and global citizenship among individuals, including preservice teachers. Despite the plethora of research on cultural intelligence and global citizenship in higher education abroad, little is known about these in the Philippines, let alone their correlation. In light of the globalizing world, the multicultural context of the Philippine society, and the internationalization of Philippine higher education, this investigation is timely and necessary to inform policymakers and teacher education institutions of the Philippine preservice teachers' preparedness to teach in multicultural and global settings. Employing a quantitative descriptive correlational design, this study investigated the relationship between cultural intelligence and global citizenship levels of 316 Philippine preservice teachers using the Cultural Intelligence and Global Citizenship Scales. The results revealed that while the preservice teachers' overall cultural intelligence, metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral cultural intelligence levels are high, their medium cognitive cultural intelligence level necessitates further development. Regarding global citizenship, they scored satisfactorily on global competence and global civic engagement dimensions, whereas they exhibit limited overall global citizenship attributes, particularly in social responsibility. Most ethnic groups they represented were also identified to have high cultural intelligence and average global citizenship levels. Additionally, the preservice teachers' specialization, year level, and overseas experience did not play significant roles in their cultural intelligence levels. Although the preservice teachers' specialization and overseas did not influence their global citizenship, the study found that their year level significantly affected their global citizenship levels. Overall, a positive correlation between cultural intelligence and global citizenship was identified. Aside from implications for strengthening internationalization strategies, such as increasing study abroad opportunities, enriching academic courses, and organizing more multicultural activities on campus, recommendations for further investigations were discussed.

The article focuses on the re-constructions of power-securing structures behind social inequalities. This conceptual study aims to synthesize different transdisciplinary studies from critical age, gender, race, and disability studies to gain an intersectional view of the power effects of discriminatory social habits, practices, and structures. The results show an intersectional synthesis regarding the phenomenon of adultism. A typical definition of adultism is the abuse of power by adults towards children while adulthood/childhood are socially constructed. Adultism can be seen as the discriminatory axis of social positioning according to age or generation, consisting of subordinating social practices and attitudes that subsume into social norms and structures. The theoretical concept of adultism contains various methodological approaches and paradigms. Different fields according to social constructivism like ethnomethodology, poststructuralism, linguistics, and symbolic interactionism emerge into a new theoretical framework. Their offered terms like Doing Difference or Age, Subjectivation, and Generationing, are contrasted and brought together into a new theoretical framework and a Theory of Childilization. This theory shows a necessary shift of perspectives to the approach of critical adulthood and the question of how childhood is performed by adulthood regarding generationing practices, structures, and privileged adult acting. The new theory reveals recurring patterns, discriminatory structures, and dominating practices based on the example of adultistic narratives. These narratives combine the mentioned disciplines around the subject related to structures, interactions, and cultures. Here, using a relational perspective, unseen, unspoken, and unheard practices by adults are uncovered, and can be applied to a reframing of education and learning environments, or of negative power effects on the lower-status group of children. The theory of Childilization is enfolded in a triad of mature-normative framing, re-framings, and counter-framings to new perspectives on adultism. With empirical evidence, the article shows a re-framing of learning and identity-building on a community-based level and examples of counter-framings by young actors. In the context of a Hawaiian case study, age-different learning environments of progressive education at six schools in Oahu (n=6) can be shown. The case study illustrates examples of critical adulthood in contrast to common adultistic narratives like pathologizing, or educative ordering and the realization of some counter-framings of children. And finally, it emphasizes the necessity of conceptualizing adultism on the part of those affected--accompanied by the demand to equalize children's rights and to deconstruct adultistic concepts of "being a minor child" vs. "being a mature adult". The article is therefore challenging "good" norms and orders of adult societies, citizenship, education, and even research and sciences.

This article explores the shift towards place-based education, prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic, advocating for innovative, flexible teaching methods. Integrating local environments and communities into education fosters active citizenship and social engagement, particularly benefiting Indigenous communities. Reflecting on personal experiences, the article emphasizes the intersectionality of sustainability and place-based education, promoting meaningful educational experiences that empower students as agents of change. It dives into the benefits, challenges, and implications of incorporating culturally relevant pedagogy, advocating for inclusive, equitable, and sustainable education practices. Through this holistic approach, schools can nurture environmentally conscious citizens deeply rooted in their cultural heritage, driving societal change towards justice, equity, and respect. [Note: The issue number (1) shown on some pages of the PDF is incorrect. The correct issue number is 2.]

In today's technology-driven world, digital citizenship is vital in fostering responsible technology use and essential skills for learning, problem-solving, and community participation. However, a significant focus emerges within digital citizenship--empowering individuals with disabilities. This research addresses this crucial area by spearheading the creation of a specialized Thai Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) meticulously designed for hearing-impaired learners. The core objective is to equip these individuals with indispensable digital citizenship skills for seamless integration and active engagement in digital environments. The study progresses through three key phases. Phase 1 involves crafting the MOOC course to meet the needs of hearing-impaired individuals. Phase 2 develops a course on the Thai MOOC platform, using the MOOC-based Design Thinking Model and universal design learning principles. Phase 3 assesses 20 hearing-impaired learners in the "Utilizing Online Media as Digital Citizenship Course." The research reveals two significant outcomes, highlighting the course's impact. First, an evaluation of digital media quality and learning activities was conducted by five experts with 15 to 30 years of experience in the field, the result was an impressive performance rating of 4.56 on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating the course's high suitability for hearing-impaired learners. Such findings validate the precise alignment of the course with its intended objectives. Second, the outcomes of learning achievement tests on the Thai MOOC platform involving 20 high school hearing-impaired learners revealed that 15 learners scored above 70 (passing), representing 75%. The average posttest score was higher than the pre-test, with an average score of 72.05 points. These results demonstrate the course's effectiveness in improving learning outcomes and meeting predetermined criteria, while also indicating that adopting the MOOC-based Design Thinking model has led to the creation of high-quality media that delivers tangible results for hearing-impaired individuals. This research contributes to the eLearning field by addressing the specific needs of hearing-impaired individuals in digital citizenship education through tailored online learning courses designed to bridge existing gaps.

The research utilized the descriptive survey model, a quantitative research method, with a study group consisting of 172 social studies teacher candidates (131 females, 41 males). As data collection tools in the study, the Cyberculture Adoption/Development Level Scale developed by Koçak (2019) and the global citizenship scale (Global Citizenship Scale--GCS) developed by Morais and Ogden in 2010 were used. The Turkish adaptation, validity, and reliability study of the global citizenship scale was conducted by Tutkun (2019). In addition, a personal information form prepared by the researcher was used. The data analysis involved the use of the Independent Samples t-test, to determine the relationship between participants' scores on the cyber culture adoption level scale and the global citizenship level scale concerning the gender variable. For situations where differentiation was observed based on class, social media usage purpose and internet usage frequency, the One-Way ANOVA was employed for unrelated Samples. The findings of the research indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the levels of cyberculture adoption and global citizenship among teacher candidates concerning gender and class variables. When examining the variable of social media usage purpose, a statistically significant difference is observed in the global citizenship levels of teacher candidates. In contrast, no statistically significant difference is found in the levels of cyberculture adoption. Regarding the daily internet usage duration variable, no impact is observed on the global citizenship levels of teacher candidates. In contrast, a statistically significant difference is found in the levels of cyberculture adoption.

This essay draws from a study conducted as part of graduate thesis work at George Mason University. The thesis examined the purpose of human rights education and critical media literacy, and the international inducements to include these subjects in the national education systems of United Nations (UN) member states. It compared the United States (U.S.) educational system to those of other, similarly developed UN member states that have successfully implemented human rights education and critical media literacy into their national education. The comparison revealed a lack of implementation in the U.S. despite its member state status and agreement to do so. The study also looked at decades-long appeals from U.S. educators and scholars to embed these subjects into curricula, and the impact this education may have on protecting and advancing democracy. Based on the findings, a new undergraduate college course was designed. The essay that follows describes the structure, design, learning objectives, and expected outcomes of the course.

The European Youth Strategy and its tools are pivotal instruments within the European Union policies framework to meet the varied needs of young citizens while fostering a sense of European citizenship. However, the extent of those tools' impact lacks empirical evidence in the existing literature. To address this gap, we employed a quasi-experimental post-test design with both intervention and control groups across four countries. Underpinned by the Social Cognitive Theory, our research aimed at unveiling insights into the effects of an intervention focused on raising awareness about the European Youth Strategy as part of an EU project on the participants' European citizenship self-perceptions. The intervention consisted of workshops and informational sessions aimed at enhancing participants' understanding of the European Youth Strategy. Using an adapted Global Citizenship Scale, we conducted an online survey among 1403 individuals aged 18 to 24 with mixed results. The results showed varied outcomes, ranging from positive effects in Slovakia to neutral effects in Romania and Hungary and negative impacts in Bulgaria. Females tended to respond more positively to the intervention than males, though this was evidenced primarily in Hungary and Slovakia. These findings suggest that country-specific cultural and contextual factors play a crucial role in shaping the effectiveness of such interventions. Consequently, our research offers crucial comparative data for evaluating European citizenship projects, presenting nuanced insights into the targeted EU member states. It contributes to the limited empirical literature on the impact of the European Youth Strategy and underscores the need for more targeted, contextsensitive approaches in promoting European citizenship among youth. Future research should consider longitudinal designs to capture long-term effects and investigate further the mechanisms behind the observed gender differences.

Despite the increasing awareness of basic needs insecurity and its adverse impacts on students' academic achievement and wellbeing, the racial and social inequities in these experiences remain a critical issue requiring scholarly attention. Using the #RealCollege Survey Dataset, this study investigates the prevalence of basic needs insecurity among postsecondary students according to their citizenship/residency status and reveals that students who are not U.S. citizens or permanent residents (NCPR) are disproportionately affected by basic needs insecurity. It also explores several barriers to these students' basic needs security, including, but not limited to, the reasons why some students do not use campus resources (e.g., not knowing how to apply). The findings of this study suggest that addressing the barriers to students' basic needs security requires considering multiple intersecting identities, including citizenship/residency status. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for future research, policy, and practice on how higher education institutions can and should appropriately address the related issues and provide adequate support based on students' unique circumstances.

This article explores the possibilities for decolonizing approaches to intercultural learning for international students in Canada. In this article the authors present the findings from a series of photovoice workshops conducted as a part of a larger mixed-methods project that explores how informal and everyday pedagogies shape international students' mobility decisions in the Atlantic Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Participants' collaborative analysis of their own photographs reveal how everyday citizenship learning emerges from international students' affective relationships to place in such a way that obscures how international education is implicated in processes of settler colonialism. However, evidence suggests that participants' sense of belonging is deeply implicated in their connections to place, highlighting potential opportunities for integrating international students in current initiatives to "decolonize" higher education in the Canadian context.

States, communicating with the diasporas who have migrated to different countries and sharing cultural, religious and economic shares by helping diasporas protect themselves and aim to show that diasporas are not supported by their homeland. These shares also strengthen their relations with diasporas and their countries and positively contribute to the international image of states. For this purpose, the Turkish government also interacts with citizens living in the Turkish world and constitutes a public diplomacy before them. With new communication technologies, public diplomacy activities are being carried out through digital channels. This study combines Türksoy's diasporas in the Turkish world with digital public diplomacy.

To enact democracy, which is to live in communication with difference, requires a formative process that involves an education of the whole person for and through civic life. Drawing on Charles Mills's theory of "Herrenvolk" ethics and Jonathan Lear's analysis of psychosocial lapses that ail us, Sheron Fraser-Burgess and Chris Higgins pursue a critical, historiographical, and psychosocial reading of our failures to live up to this aspiration, offering (1) a critique of our tendency to saddle ourselves with a false choice between a homogenizing unity and a differentiated but fractured republic; (2) a demonstration of why we must eschew a thin universalism of principles and confront difference as embodied; (3) an argument from the ethics of risk against the urge to reify and compartmentalize difference; and (4) an evocation of how deep pluralism itself might serve as a unifying creed. Civic education is not a matter of informing but of forming and cultivating vision and values. In pursuing the credal deep pluralism that is required to do justice to the prospects and perils of our democracy-in-the-making, the task of the formative educator may be more difficult; but by embracing this creed, teachers may inspire their students to do the same.

Collegiality and the contribution to the sustenance of the academy through academic citizenship are central to commonly held conceptions of what it is to be a university. This study investigates the articulation and recognition of academic citizenship through institutional promotion criteria, including both traditional research and teaching-focussed career pathways. The study adopts a qualitative research approach and examines promotion criteria from a sample of 55 mid-sized universities in the UK. Findings point to a progressive shift in formal recognition of service activities associated with citizenship as part of the core academic workload. Institutional service is pervasive across all academic roles and levels, student service is largely invisible, and activities associated with public service are most notably acknowledged in traditional academic roles at the professorial level. The evolving nature of expectations of citizenship necessitates a more nuanced consideration of the core dimensions of an academic role and citizenship activities to ensure equity and inclusivity in career progression.

We present an argument for a higher priority for art in the educational system and "make a case" for the arts--to provide a rationale for its priority in adult education. This is the plan: to provide this rationale; to present practical guidelines for the processes of engaging in art that may be transformative and critical for individuals and for society; and to illustrate the powerful potential of art as a way of teaching for democratic citizenship. We move toward a Pedagogy of Social Imagination in Art and Adult Education by recounting a real-life empirical study of creating opportunities for transformative learning through engagements with art. John Dewey and Maxine Greene assist in outlining a rationale for exploring arts in adult education.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the school-related factors that influence students' global citizenship. To explore both student-level and school-level factors that influence students' global citizenship, we applied a hierarchical linear model using PISA 2018 data from Korea. The results showed that factors related to teacher's GCED practices and school climate can play an important role in fostering students' global citizenship. Based on these findings, we suggest that a whole-school approach is needed to promote the inclusion of GCED-related topics in various school curricula and to integrate GCED values into the overall school culture to enhance students' global citizenship.

In this article, I make a case for bridging what I see as the competing demands faced by teacher-scholars in higher education: our institutional orientations, our students' motivations, and our aspirations as scholars and educators. I contend that teaching about religion, broadly understood, regardless of theoretical and methodological orientation (be it within religious studies, for example, or theology, or philosophy of religion, or ethics, etc.) can be an impactful experience in the practice and cultivation of engaged global citizenship. Drawing from my own courses, and my use of the Reacting to the Past (RTTP) roleplay pedagogy, I show how a critically self-aware practice is foundational to this goal, and how an integrated cross-cultural comparative and collaborative method provides a powerful tool to accomplish this in dynamic and equitable ways.

This article aims to analyze conceptual, epistemological, and didactic perspectives that contribute to the modeling of scientific culture in normative and curricular documents guiding initial teaching education in natural sciences programs in Chile. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing thematic content analysis to inductively extract codes. These codes were grouped into the following categories: (1) Science literacy, (2) Science for citizenship, (3) Science education, (4) Teacher education and standards, (5) Teaching and learning process, and (6) Epistemological and didactic approaches. These categories provide insights to the modeling of scientific culture from the documents analyzed. The study concludes that the referenced model of scientific culture transcends deficit thinking and simplistic tendencies by incorporating sociocultural aspects, thus offering opportunities for a contextualized scientific education. While the model recognizes multiple cultural dimensions involved in the development of scientific literacy, there are noticeable inconsistencies in the epistemological and didactic aspects, indicating traces of 'traditional' visions in cultural and scientific education. Therefore, it is recommended that approaches nurturing the development of southern epistemologies and a scientific culture tailored to local contexts be integrated alongside global trends in teacher education.

As teachers are purveyors of digital citizenship and their perspectives influence classroom practice, it is important to understand teachers' views on digital citizenship. This study establishes the Teachers' Perceptions of Digital Citizenship Scale (T-PODS) as a survey instrument for scholars to investigate educators' views on digital citizenship for their students. Drawing upon existing research, a theorized model of digital citizenship was developed and validated via a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), resulting in a 14-item four-factor model. Factor constructs include digital ethics, participation and engagement, informed citizens and civic know-how. As teachers' views can shift over time, particularly with the emergence of new technologies, scholars can utilize T-PODS as they investigate educators' perceptions of digital citizenship across time and context.

This essay analyses the implementation of a work-based learning policy in upper secondary schools in Italy. The policy aims to improve student orientation and enhance their soft skills. Based on two ethnographic research studies in Italy, this essay utilises Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework, particularly the 'field' concept, to examine how this policy has been implemented in different tracks of the Italian school system in a peripheral region. The policy has challenged the autonomy of the scholastic field, primarily advocated by teachers and students in the dominant pole, represented by the classical and scientific lyceums. The policy has been translated into a series of projects in museums, libraries and third-sector associations in this field segment. These initiatives reinforce students' citizenship values while highlighting their detachment from manual work. In the dominated pole of the field, represented by vocational schools primarily located in the suburbs of large cities and rural areas, the policy has been well received as it aligns with the expectations of teachers and students. However, due to the prevalence of small family companies, planning truly formative work-based learning experiences becomes challenging. Consequently, this leads to an early, albeit tense, socialisation of students within the hierarchical order of small companies.

It is widely documented that higher education institutional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated not only the adoption of educational technologies, but also associated socio-technical controversies. Critically, while these cloud-based platforms are capturing huge datasets, and generating new kinds of learning analytics, there are few strongly theorised, empirically validated processes for institutions to consult their communities about the ethics of this data-intensive, increasingly algorithmically-powered infrastructure. Conceptual and empirical contributions to this challenge are made in this paper, as we focus on the under-theorised and under-investigated phase required for ethics implementation, namely, joint agreement on ethical principles. We foreground the potential of "ethical co-production" through Deliberative Democracy (DD), which emerged in response to the crisis in confidence in how typical democratic systems engage citizens in decision making. This is tested empirically in the context of a university-wide DD consultation, conducted under pandemic lockdown conditions, co-producing a set of ethical principles to govern Analytics/AI-enabled Educational Technology (AAI-EdTech). Evaluation of this process takes the form of interviews conducted with students, educators, and leaders. Findings highlight that this methodology facilitated a unique and structured co-production process, enabling a range of higher education stakeholders to integrate their situated knowledge through dialogue. The DD process and product cultivated commitment and trust among the participants, informing a new university AI governance policy. The concluding discussion reflects on DD as an exemplar of ethical co-production, identifying new research avenues to advance this work. To our knowledge, this is the first application of DD for AI ethics, as is its use as an organisational sensemaking process in education.

The integrated status of Social Studies in the Norwegian "Curriculum for Knowledge Promotion in Primary and Secondary Education and Training 2020" reflects an international educational trend pertaining to a movement from knowledge and traditional disciplinary thinking to generic skills, competence and boundary crossing. This article addresses the changed organisation of geography as a subject within Social Studies in the national curriculum framework. Through a thematic analysis of how geographical knowledge is classified and represented in the curriculum, this article discusses opportunities and limitations in the curriculum when it comes to developing students' powerful geographical knowledge. The analysis shows that geographical knowledge is organised in an attempt to reduce content boundaries. Found across the curriculum, geographical knowledge includes geographical scale, geographic conditions and human-nature interconnections. However, geographical knowledge is represented through an understanding of space as absolute and fixed rather than relational and dynamic, as well as through a technical and mainly individual understanding of scale. We conclude that boundary crossing related to sustainability and citizenship as interdisciplinary topics opens opportunities for powerful geographical knowledge, although this potential is limited by the weak classification of geography in the curriculum for Social Studies.

This article addresses the question of how global citizenship, often an aim of international schools, is conceptualised as interculturalism by students and teachers. It presents selected findings of global citizenship expressed as interculturalism and perceptions of learning through interculturalism, from a larger empirical study which investigated articulations of global citizenship education in three International Baccalaureate international schools in different locations: Finland, The Netherlands and Australia. Reflexive thematic analysis of phenomenological interviews with students, school leaders and teachers in the three schools revealed two important themes: that global citizenship is interpreted as simplistic interculturalism, with students focusing more on relational aspects of intercultural experiences, and that global citizenship is perceived as being learned through intercultural engagement. The article contributes to research into the expressions and practices of global citizenship in International Baccalaureate international schools. The article proposes that school leaders, teachers and students could engage further with critical and human rights constructivist approaches to interculturalism.

Narcissism is a phenomenon that can have serious consequences for organizations and their employees. On the other hand, employees who show organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping their colleagues, can help create a positive and productive work environment. In this study, it was aimed to determine teachers' perception levels of organizational narcissism and citizenship, the relationship between narcissism and citizenship, and the effect of narcissism on citizenship. The research was conducted on 400 teachers. Data were collected using the Organizational Narcissism Scale and Organizational Citizenship Scale. As a result of the research, it was determined that teachers' perceptions of organizational narcissism and organizational citizenship were at a moderate level. However, there are significant positive relationships between organizational narcissism and organizational citizenship. In addition, organizational narcissism was found to be a significant predictor of organizational citizenship. In the light of the results obtained from the research, suggestions for researchers and future research are given.

Higher education institutions must recognize the responsibility to support online adult learners as members of a larger global community and technological advancements have made this a reality. COVID-19 restrictions to in-person learning highlighted the need for online learning platforms that promote the benefits of teacher presence, consider the tenets of the Community of Inquiry model, and commit to the principles of andragogy. A need to explore the possibilities for fostering global citizenship among adult learners in online higher education environments has been identified as a problem space and a methodological approach will be used to connect findings from the literature with best practices for practitioners. Global citizenship is not a new concept; however, current and worldwide events have created a renewed dedication to the construct. Discussions based on the literature and established theoretical frameworks will precede practical implications for directors, course designers, and instructors. Online education will be described as ripe with opportunities for higher education institutions to foster global citizenship among adult learners. [Note: The page range (233-248) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 233-247.]

This paper analyzed the existing literature on digital citizenship definitions and curricula to identify the essential elements of digital citizenship that must be addressed in a digital citizenship curriculum. A modified tripartite approach was adopted for this comprehensive literature review that involved three steps woven throughout the review process: description, synthesis, and critique. Four most commonly used digital citizenship definitions, two widely implemented digital citizenship standards, and four digital citizenship curricula were included in the review. Through open coding and axial coding, the review identified six categories and 18 elements for the definition of digital citizenship. The synthesis review of the existing digital citizenship curricula found that all curricula covered some essential elements, with the Common Sense Media curriculum addressing most of them. Further research is needed to refine the list of elements necessary for today's students to become empowered digital citizens who can act safely, ethically, legally, and responsibly.

We summarize national-scale data for Ph.D. earners in engineering or computer science from 2015 to 2019 whose post-graduate school employment is known, highlighting outcomes for biological/biomedical/biosystems engineering students. We use NSF's Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED), which has collected information from Ph.D. recipients in the USA since 1957. The data are collected at the time of degree completion and constitute a greater than 90% response rate. Compared to all engineering and computer science disciplines, biological/biomedical/biosystems engineering has a higher proportion going to 4yr/med/research institutions (52% vs. 33%) and non-profit (3.6% vs. 2.9%) and lower proportion going to industry (33% vs. 48%), government (4.3% vs. 8.4%), and is similar for non-US positions (6.1% vs. 5.7%). Compared to 2010--2014 biological/biomedical/biosystems engineering Ph.D. recipients, more 2015--2019 recipients are going to industry (25% to 33%) and fewer to 4yr/med/research institutions (59% to 52%) and government (5.3% to 4.3%). Across all engineering and computer science disciplines, a smaller proportion of females entered industry (43%) compared to males (49%), while a larger proportion of females entered 4yr/med/research institutions (37%) compared to males (32%). Over half of Asian doctoral recipients entered industry, as compared to 38% of Hispanic doctoral recipients. In contrast, a higher proportion of Hispanic individuals (37%) entered 4yr/med/research institutions after their doctoral programs, as compared to 31% of Asian doctoral recipients. Black doctoral recipients had the highest proportion enter positions in government (14%) and non-profit (4%) sectors. Our results are situated in the broader literature focused on postdoctoral career, training, and employment sectors and trends in STEM. We discuss implications for graduate programs, policymakers, and researchers.

Experiential learning has become a fundamental pillar of higher education, particularly in public administration and nonprofit management programmes. This approach purposefully aims to engage learners directly in (a) concrete experiences; (b) focused, personal reflection; (c) abstract conceptualizations and (d) active experimentation. As universities have increased attention on experiential learning, they have also developed more study-abroad opportunities that position global citizenship as a primary expected learning outcome. Following the cancellation of study-abroad opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study provides an opportunity to review the student outcomes of two courses with the same materials, course focus (NGOs in Southeast Asia) and learning objectives: a study-abroad cohort in 2016 and a remote cohort in 2020. The findings suggest that the remote version may lead to similar outcomes in terms of global citizenship dispositions as the in-person version, although students in the remote version exhibited a more superficial, homogenized response to course materials. Implications for online, on-site and hybrid learning are discussed.

Although issues concerning immigration have been debated for decades, the results of the 2016 U.S. presidential election ignited additional politicization, particularly regarding undocumented immigration. Dominant narratives of undocumented persons continue to be framed in damaging and deficit perspectives that position individuals as unhuman ("alien") and criminal ("illegal"). Considering the ongoing anti-immigrant climate, it is imperative to learn from undocumented student experiences and how citizenship status might impact access to and participation in music classes. Importantly, learning from undocumented students' experiences could help educators and administrators better support a significant population in school communities. In this review of literature, I explore research relevant to undocumented immigrant students in the United States and offer implications for working with undocumented students and families.

This article considers how neoliberalism has created a reductionist view of lifelong learning in the UK focused on upskilling workers for the labour market. This critical policy analysis uses Marx's theory of labour-power, as conceptualised by Glenn Rikowski, to examine the Skills and Post-16 Education Act, 2022 and to identify its ideological roots, its distribution of power, resources and knowledge, and the potential effect it will have on inequality. Findings indicate that while the Act aims to make it easier for adults to study more flexibly, not all adults will have the labour-power attributes and financial resources to access the higher-level qualifications prioritised for funding. This article argues that the Act represents a general deepening of neoliberalism in lifelong learning that will further stratify adult education and increase inequalities. This article concludes that policy has shifted from widening participation in lifelong learning linked to social enrichment and the development of democratic citizenship, to widening participation in higher levels of education and training aimed at enhancing labour-power for the capitalist labour market.

This study looks at how migrants' accents are portrayed, labelled, and constructed in media discourse, investigating media coverage of migrants' accents in the Australian press from 2007 to 2017, a period highlighted by changes in Australian citizenship policies and public discourse. While language has been extensively discussed in policy discourse, there has been a notable dearth of research on the coexistence of dialects and accents within official languages as portrayed in media platforms. Using a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of 2,657,016 words from Australian newspaper articles, the study applies raciolinguistic ideologies to show how the press justifies and legitimizes migrant accent-related issues. The results suggest that speakers of Inner Circle English variants are positioned differently from non-white/Outer and Expanding Circle speakers. Speakers of the Inner Circle were far more likely than other speakers to have their accents described as 'broad' or 'thick', and they were more likely to have the national variation they spoke specifically named. Others, in contrast, regularly described racialized speakers as simply having a 'foreign' accent, and many of them frequently claimed trying to 'change' their accent or 'fake' an Australian accent in an effort to gain access to employment and broader social acceptance. These results emphasize the subtle and not-so-subtle ways that non-white migrant speakers are positioned as incompetent speakers and demonstrate how raciolinguistic ideologies, linguistic racism, and accent laboring concerns are widespread in Australian society. These findings highlight the significance of corpus approaches for studying language related issues and provide insight into accent biases produced by the media in Australian society.

Individuals are typically identified as gifted largely on the basis of competence in limited contexts, but their performance in the real world, both as children and adults, often lags far behind their competence. Thus, the identification of the individuals as "gifted," however useful in theory, is much less useful in practice. This article explains some of the reasons why people identified as gifted by competence often fail in their performance. In this article, I propose a transformational, T-ACCEL model of giftedness. In this model, it is important not only to become an active concerned citizen and ethical leader, but also to do so in a way that makes the world a better place--that makes a positive, meaningful, and possibly enduring difference to the world, not just to one's national, or ideological, ethnic, racial, religious, or other group.

In accordance with the development of technology, the disinformation known as "fake news" has become a global issue, leading to the labeling of these times as the "post-truth" era. Discussion of global citizenship education, intended to shape citizens with critical thinking abilities, is thus essential in this era. This paper, with reference to media literacy research on the basis of its close connection to digital citizenship, examines the possibilities of pedagogy toward moving beyond the dystopian society of digital monitoring. [This article was translated by Nadezhda Murray.]

In this article, we focus on dance as intra- and intergenerational learning that cultivates corporeal knowledge held in common. Three interrelated projects reveal how danced connections between life stages develops an aesthetics of complex interaction and a mutuality of learning that enacts citizenry through communities in motion in the urban-scape. The projects approach dance practice through an expanded concept of choreography that takes into account the site, situation and life stage of dancers. We propose that moving together is a social choreography, a method for developing body-place awareness and civic participation, sharing experiences and bodily practices and performing relational complexity.

Research on attitudes within higher education toward undocumented students has overlooked the views of postdoctoral scholars (postdocs). With the number of postdocs in the United States on the rise, this highly trained group matters for future leadership inside and outside of higher education. Since previous research has shown that individuals of minoritized races/ethnicities and non-U.S. citizens exhibit greater support for undocumented students (Garibay et al., 2016; Jach & Gloeckner, 2020), this study conducted individual interviews with 10 postdocs who identified as White U.S. citizens. Findings indicated postdocs with a personal or professional connection to undocumented students exhibited greater levels of support toward undocumented students. Those lacking these connections exhibited greater levels of White immunity (Cabrera, 2017) and what this study terms citizenship immunity. Postdocs also expressed a need for adult education to better support undocumented students yet articulated possible strategies for engaging in allyship, suggesting postdocs have the power to counteract negative rhetoric and work toward a more inclusive policy for undocumented students.

Digital citizenship participation refers to the utilization of digital technology by individuals or groups for the purpose of engaging in networked participatory behaviors. It involves four interconnected elements: individual, policy, political, and social participation. This study surveyed 446 college students from a private university in China and conducted interviews to explore their digital citizenship participation. It is found that college students' digital citizen participation is characterized by "strong individual interest-driven participation", "weak political concern", and "good digital citizen literacy". In order to improve college students' participation as digital citizens, it is crucial to cultivate digital literacy by applying the core competency framework of digital citizenship as a guiding principle. To create a sustainable path for students' participation, a four-pronged approach is proposed involving multi-stakeholders, namely society, government, schools, and teachers.

Service-learning has been empirically shown to impact student learning outcomes in multiple disciplines in several countries. Prior studies have shown that students are often involved in service-learning projects that last many weeks. This study reports on student learning outcomes after business students were exposed to an intensive daylong servicelearning project at a major nonprofit organization. Using the SELEB Scale, the researchers examine how students perceive the improvements to their practical skills, citizenship, personal responsibility, and interpersonal skills, that accrued from the service project. The results indicate that although females' scores were higher, they were not significantly different from males. In addition, differences in academic major subjects caused no significant differences in the results. The results of this study demonstrate that students can benefit from service-learning projects that can be completed in a shorter time span.

The study explores the mediating effect of teacher's empowerment on the relationship between instructional leadership (IL) to teacher's organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) toward student, team-members, and school. 395 Israeli teachers completed PIMRS, SPES, OCB, and demographic questionnaire. Path analysis showed a good fit of the data to the theoretical model. Teacher's empowerment is a partial mediator for OCB toward student and school; and a full mediator for OCB toward team-members. Teacher's OCB is crucial for schools' effectivity, therefore identifying empowerment as a full mediator for OCB toward team-members may assist improving teamwork, especially through IL.

Social media can contribute to an inclusive society, but they are also asymmetrical and polarised communication spaces. This requires competent teachers to build critical digital citizenship. The aim of this article is twofold: to present web scraping and text analytics as tools that define teachers' digital competences, and to investigate which posts on Twitter and Instagram are most viral in relation to education, disability and inclusion. A total of 48,991 publications in Spanish and English were analysed, corresponding to the period from 13 October 2021 to 1 May 2022. The 100 most viral posts were selected, and correlations were identified between the sentiment, gender and influence associated with the content, its temporal and geographic space. The results show that economic and political influence groups are the most viral, relegating non-profit organisations or individuals with altruistic outreach to second place; only on international days is this trend reversed. Bots do not interfere to impose messages; it is artificial intelligence algorithms that overshadow vindictive and humanistic content. The most influential people are predominantly male, associated with institutional accounts in the political sphere. It is concluded that Big Data and Business Intelligence tools help teachers to analyse relevant educational and social issues, and to acquire a collective ethic in the face of new educational challenges.

Datafication in today's communicative ecosystem poses a challenge to media and digital literacy, especially with regard to young people's participation and civic and democratic engagement. We address this issue using the notion of digital citizenship, in order to study the gender digital divide as it relates to competence (i.e., skills and knowledge) and the possibility of leveraging said competence to promote civic education grounded in gender equality in the digital environment. For this study, we surveyed a representative sample of 600 young people between the ages of 16 and 18 in Spain to gauge their digital competence through three variables: technical skills, informational skills and critical knowledge. We then performed a descriptive analysis resulting in percentages, means and standard deviations and a bivariate analysis using significance testing (T-tests) between the above variables and the gender variable. Results show a relative balance between men and women in technical and informational digital skills, albeit tipped slightly in favour of women. By contrast, men claim to have more critical knowledge. Based on these results, we discuss the need to consider the contributions of feminist theories in the field of technology to develop proposals for teaching digital competence that encourage active digital citizenship based on gender equality.

Understanding pros and cons of digital technology is an essential competency for pre-service teachers so that they are able to conduct online instruction appropriately. They need to prepare themselves comprehensively to be able to use the new educational technology that is now widely accessible particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic incidence. This paper investigates the relationship between individual characteristics, digital self-efficacy, and digital citizenship among pre-service teachers in higher education. Cluster sampling was used to select 384 pre-service teachers from three higher education institutes located in the northeast of Thailand. A research tool used in the research was an online questionnaire. The data analysis utilized descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation. The research discovered that pre-service teachers had a relatively high level of digital self-efficacy, while having relatively low level of digital citizenship. Correlation analysis observed a positive relationship among individual characteristics, digital self-efficacy and digital citizenship. The implications of this research highlighted the significance of implementing civic education in higher education level in order to foster adequate knowledge, skill, and awareness of citizenship in pre-service teachers.

Most students acknowledge shared responsibility, with the university, for their employability development. Many academics use assessments as the main driver for motivating students to learn. At the intersection between employability, assessment and learning, the emergent research question is -- what are the mechanisms by which course-based employability is fostered? Prior research reveals that although academics identified course-based assessment as the key employability mechanism, neither students nor employers registered this conceptualisation, and thus purpose of assessment. The aim of this research was to stimulate and communicate the direct connection between assessment and employability to students and interpret their response. Over 100 first-year students, across a metropolitan and regional Australian university, participated. Students were directed to use a simple reflective tool, dubbed iASK by the researchers, that probed employability elements of identity, Attributes, Skills, and Knowledge. The research revealed the resulting student view that regular course-based assessment can develop their employability skills in communication and independence, but not in critical thinking and global citizenship.

This article reports on meta-synthesis research that examined contemporary scholarship on global citizenship for the purpose of identifying a possible alignment with Daisaku Ikeda's views on global citizenship. Thirty relatively contemporary scholarly articles on the subject matter were examined using a qualitative meta-synthesis methodology. Ikeda's speech entitled 'Thoughts on education for global citizenship', delivered over 25 years ago at Columbia University's Teachers College, USA, contains his most frequently cited ideas on the salient conditions required for global citizenship. As Ikeda is a thoughtful and prolific author on the subject of global citizenship, there is merit in exploring the alignment of his ideas about this concept with those articulated in contemporary scholarship. Conducting a meta-synthesis through the lens of Ikeda's essential elements of global citizenship has helped to identify potentially useful contributions to the global citizenship discourse. This article highlights salient common themes of global citizenship uncovered through the meta-synthesis research, as well as providing an alternative definition of global citizenship gleaned from the findings.

The study investigated the relationships among principals' paternalistic leadership, teachers' trust in principal, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Specifically, the study tested a moderated mediation model of paternalistic leadership's effect on teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors, with work engagement as mediator and trust in principal as moderator. In this cross-sectional research, data was gathered from 346 teachers working in primary and secondary schools in three different provinces in Turkiye. Paternalistic Leadership Scale-short form, Trust in Principal Scale, UWES-ultra short, and Organizational Citizenship Scale-short form were used to collect the research data. The results revealed that trust in principal was a significant moderator in paternalistic leadership's direct effect on teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors. It was also found that trust in principal moderated paternalistic leadership's indirect effect on teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors through work engagement. This study showed the critical role of trust in principal in the relationship between leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors. Moreover, it contributed significantly to the existing literature regarding teachers' work engagement. Some limitations of the study were reported, and theoretical and practical implications were noted within the framework of the findings.

This paper presents an evaluation of the information literacies used by community representatives when engaging with participatory budgeting in São Paulo City, Brazil. Using questions established from context-setting interviews with stakeholders, a focus group was held in 2019 with eight participative councillors, with "in situ" interpretation, resulting in a translated transcript of the discussion. Thematic analysis was used to understand information issues faced by community representatives in relation to past research. It was found that the community representatives face informational barriers to their engagement with participatory budgeting, in (a) learning about their role (b) understanding the information needs of the communities served and (c) gathering and sharing information about local issues with stakeholders. These findings allow the refining of CILIP's definition of information literacy (IL) for citizenship and provide the basis for proposing a model for the IL of community representatives. It is also proposed that future IL research could further develop the role of digitally-enabled place and community in shaping the landscape of literacy and the role of hyperlocal representation. Additionally, the role of translation in cross-lingual IL research is considered.

The idea that children need to be exposed to stories of patriotic heroes has again surfaced in recent legislative activity surrounding education. Often, this impulse aligns with a conservative, moralizing vision of teaching history: the flaws of past historical figures should be minimized for the purposes of national pride and traditional virtues. When nations have experienced moral catastrophe, however, this impulse runs counter to the need to teach for historical truth. In this paper, Bryan Warnick examines the link between heroes, historical truth, and patriotic education. For initial inspiration, he turns to a vision of patriotic heroism suggested by writer and historian Anne Applebaum in her analysis of Soviet oppression. After examining both the value of patriotism and the contested role of national heroes in constructing patriotism, he concludes that certain forms of patriotism can make a positive contribution to civic identity and that identification with national heroes will be an unavoidable feature of such an identity.

Purpose: The Basque Country has been suffering political conflict and human rights´ violation for decades, tearing the social fabric. Human rights and peace education carried out through the testimony of the victims and their memory about this recent violent past can play an essential role in reestablishing the social understanding. This article aims to make known the experience of Adi-Adian initiative developed with the victims of the politic violence in the Teacher Training School of the University of Basque Country and asses its effectiveness in terms of critical thinking and empathy. Design/methodology/approach: This research is based on group discussion and personal surveys focused on students' feedback as a suitable method to analyze the way of thinking of students, their feelings and opinions about the violence. Findings: The results indicate that these initiatives implemented at school might be suitable to achieve the goals of human rights and peace education and deepen on democratic citizenship.