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Bambusa vulgaris is an exotic species for Brazil with high economic value, widely-distributed, highly-adaptable and fast growing. While many studies on fungal diversity on bamboo species have been conducted in the past, most utilised generic or family-level designations for the host, limiting our understanding of the true diversity and distribution patterns of fungi among these plants. Such investigations are particularly limited and conducted intermittently over long periods of time in Brazil. To address this, we conducted a survey of hyphomycetes associated with Bambusa vulgaris debris on the campus of the State University of Feira de Santana, located in Bahia, Brazil. Four new species, Endophragmiella pseudostromatica, Kramasamuha subramanianii, Rhexoampullifera castanedae and Ceratocladium bambusicola are reported. Our results additionally provide the second record for the American continent of Staphylotrichum acaciicola and the first record for this host. Taxonomic treatments, morphological descriptions, comments, and illustrations are provided for the aforementioned species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground-borne vibrations generated by various man-made activities pose a perennial threat to nearby buildings, impacting their serviceability and causing annoyance to residents. This study addresses the pressing demand for cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials capable of effectively mitigating such vibrations using bamboo-filled trenches. A series of field-scale vibration tests are conducted to investigate the near-field and far-field vibration screening behavior of bamboo-filled trenches (BT) and open trenches (OT). Two different configurations of BT are used for the current investigation. The influence of input frequency, source–trench distance, and trench configuration on the screening response of BT and OT is evaluated using field-scale vibration tests. The findings obtained from this study suggest that the efficacy of BT in near-field and far-field screening is satisfactory. It can be noticed that BT and OT are more effective in mitigating vibrations at higher frequencies. For near-field screening, the source–trench distance significantly influences the screening behavior of OT at lower frequencies, while the performance of BT is not significantly influenced. The efficacy of BT and OT is higher along the centerline than other angular lines emerging from the source. Near-field and far-field screening behavior of BT and OT is seen to differ significantly. In the screening process, the isolation efficacy of BT decreases as the volume of bamboo increases. Practical Applications: The suitability of different types of wave barriers for mitigating unwanted ground-borne vibrations has drawn substantial attention from researchers. However, the utilization of natural and cost-effective filler materials for mitigating such vibrations remains scarce. In this regard, the present study introduces bamboo as a novel filler material for protecting essential structures from the detrimental effects of ground-borne vibrations. BT offer a wide range of practical advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, ecofriendliness, and ease of installation, dismantling, and reinstallation. Furthermore, BT overcome the limitations associated with OT, such as sloughing, sand pockets, and collapse, while effectively mitigating induced vibrations. The proposed technology will be of particular interest to construction industries, housing societies, and urban area residents affected by ground-borne vibrations generated from different activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hazards of dust are receiving increasing attention with the application of bamboo industrialization. This study focuses on the morphological characteristics and formation mechanisms of milling dust from raw bamboo, dried bamboo, and thermally modified bamboo treated at varying temperatures. The particle size distribution, area-equivalent diameter, minimum Feret diameter, aspect ratio, roundness, and convexity were investigated. A new method combining sieving and image scanning analysis was applied to identify the size and morphology of the dust. The study has found that thermal modification significantly affects particle size and distribution, impacting dust convexity and surface characteristics. Particle size has a greater impact on dust morphology compared to heat treatment temperature. Thermal treatment is shown to degrade hemicellulose, reducing bamboo’s transverse mechanical properties and thereby altering the generated dust. The three-step cutting process is established, including bamboo milling deformation and dust formation by finite element simulation. This study offers a reference for optimizing dust removal ports and enabling real-time adjustments to dust removal system power based on dust morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dowel bearing capacity is a fundamental metric for assessing the performance of bolted connections. In this research, we examined the dowel bearing strength of bamboo scrimber across various load-to-face grain angles. Seven groups of specimens, each comprising 10 units, were subjected to testing. Yield strength was determined using the ASTM-D5764 5%D offset method, revealing a pattern where strength initially decreases with increasing grain angle, reaching a nadir at 60°, before rising again. This indicates that grain angle significantly affects both strength and stiffness. Analyzing the failure modes, load–displacement curves, and key mechanical properties of the specimens, comparing the dowel bearing strength trends across grain angles in different bamboo and wood materials. Discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental results were also evaluated. Based on these findings, we proposed a calculation formula for dowel bearing strength at various grain angles, tailored to bamboo scrimber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare inborn error of immunity (IEI) with an incidence of approximately 1:200,000 and the phenotypic triad of trichorrhexis invaginate (bamboo hair), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, and multiple atopic manifestations. Treatment options especially in infants are scarce and generally not licensed. Methods: Case report of a 9-week-old infant with NS treated with dupilumab off-label. Results: We report rapid and sustained resolution of allergic inflammation, deep symptom control including normalization of the skin microbiome, and catch-up somatic and psychomotor development without adverse drug reactions. Conclusion: Due to the high complication rate of NS, especially in the first years of life, we recommend treatment with dupilumab off-label immediately after the diagnosis has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacity and stiffness of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) shear wall sheathed by oriented strand boards (OSBs) is significantly influenced by the structural performance of the nailed connections. Single-connector sheathing-to-framing connections were experimentally tested under monotonic and cyclic loading. The parameters investigated were the nail diameter, the loading direction, the edge distances of nails in the OSB and the LBL. The minimum edge distance for nails in both the LBL stud and the OSB panel was found to be 15 mm. Nails with a smaller edge distance within the members are at higher risk of failing prematurely under lower loads, demonstrating a brittle failure mode. The specimens subjected to cyclic and monotonic loading showed quite different damage. Fatigue fracture due to repeated reverse bending was the typical failure mode for nails in the cyclic experiments. The maximum load of the specimens increased with a larger nail diameter and the load-carrying capacity of parallel-to-grain specimens was greater than that of perpendicular-to-grain specimens. The energy-dissipation capacity of the connections increased with an increase in nail diameter and an increase in the edge distance of the nail in both the LBL and the OSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboos are perennial woody grasses that display an enigmatic mix of traits. Bamboo is highly shade intolerant like early‐successional trees. Without secondary xylem, bamboos cannot continue to grow once they reach a maximum height or replace xylem damaged by hydraulic stress and must instead replace each stem after a few years using vegetative propagation via rhizomes. These traits of bamboo would appear to make them inferior to trees in competition for both light and water in all but early‐successional wet locations. However, some species competitively exclude trees and form persistent monodominant stands across large areas in tropical and temperate forests, including areas that are not mesic. Moreover, bamboo paradoxically postpones seed production for decades to over a century, and then flowers semelparously and dies synchronously. The delayed reproduction appears to be inconsistent with an early‐successional strategy to colonize disturbed areas as soon as they form, while the simultaneous death over large areas appears to be inconsistent with a late‐successional strategy to gain and hold space. Bamboo exhibits great diversity in its growth form and life histories along the tropical‐temperate geographical cline, with tropical bamboo being taller with shorter rhizome lengths and flowering interval lengths than temperate bamboo. We hypothesize that all of the above characteristics of bamboo are essential elements of competitive strategies to arrest succession in a lineage that lacks secondary xylem. To develop this Arrested Succession Hypothesis, we construct mathematical models of competition for recently disturbed areas between a tree species and a species with bamboo's enigmatic characteristics. We modeled the growth of bamboo genetic individuals from seedlings after seed germination to clonal culms at mass flowering and then placed these individuals in competition with one another and with trees in simple models of competition for light. Results explain how bamboo's traits allow it to persist in forests late in succession despite its hydraulic disadvantages, and form monodominant stands in the temperate zone, but not in tropical forests. They explain why bamboo is semelparous with synchronized reproduction, and why maximum culm size and age, reproductive interval, and rhizome length differ between the tropics and the temperate zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a phytolith (biogenic silica) reference and to understand the eco-climatic indicative values of some grass silica short cells (GSSCs) occurring in the bamboos (Bambusoideae grasses), one of the chief floral components of eastern and north-eastern parts of India, we studied 44 modern bambusoid grasses and 26 surface soils from different eco-climatic zones covering both the plains and mountainous regions. Of the diverse phytoliths retrieved from the bamboos, Saddle tall and Saddle collapsed were the most abundant types (except in Yushania maling) and these types were also common in surface soil phytolith assemblages of the eastern and north-eastern parts of India. To assess the environmental sensitivity of most consistent morphotypes, we categorized two commonly occurring GSSC morphotypes namely S addle tall into three groups based on their length and S addle collapsed into two groups based on their length to width ratio respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to understand if these morphotypes could distinguish different eco-climatic conditions. Variability of S addle tall and S addle collapsed types (both morphometric and abundance) in bamboos growing in these parts of India is a function of mean precipitation of the wettest quarter (MPWeQ) and mean temperature of the driest quarter (MTDQ). The present results served as a baseline for reevaluating the interpretations of a Late-Holocene fossil phytolith record from the eastern Himalaya further validating the potential of S addle tall and S addle collapsed types in reconstructing past climate variability in a wide geographical region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zani WNWM, Sidik NJ, Isa NAM, Awal A, Osman NI, Alias N, Nordin MK. 2024. Influence of media variations and growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus asper bamboo. Nusantara Bioscience 16: 237-244. This study reports the effects of different types of media and combinations of plant growth regulators on the in vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer bamboo species, a species known for its economic significance and challenges in traditional cultivation. The experiment was initiated through the cultivation of in vitro nodal segments as explants in various strengths (half-strength and full-strength) of Murashige and Skoog's (MS) and Vacin & Went (VW) media, supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) hormone. Optimal results were achieved in full-strength MS media with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, with the highest shoot number (5.6 shoots) and length (2.14±0.18 cm), surpassing outcomes in VW media. Shoot multiplication in full-strength MS media, with varying BAP and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone combinations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L-1), was conducted. The combination of 4.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 IBA yielded the highest number of shoots (5.17±3.97), while supplementation with 4.0 mg L-1 IBA alone resulted in the longest shoot with 1.89±1.15 cm. These findings underscore the significance of tailored conditions for optimal in vitro propagation of this species. Further investigations could explore additional factors influencing the propagation process for better refinement of bamboo cultivation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When compared to natural graphite, artificial graphite has advantages such a longer cycle life, faster charging rates, and better performance. However, the process of producing it, which frequently uses coal, raises questions about the impact on the environment and the depletion of resources. Eco-friendly, wood-based graphite must be developed in order to solve these problems. This study assessed and investigated the characteristics of charcoals derived from bamboo and oak which were utilized to produce graphite. After heating to 1500 °C at 10 K/min, 86.87 wt% of oak charcoal and 88.33 wt% of bamboo charcoal remained, indicating a yield of more than 85% when charcoal was graphitized. Depending on the species of wood, different-sized pores showed different shapes as the graphitization process advanced, as revealed by SEM surface analyses. The carbon atoms seen in the XRD crystal development changed into graphite crystals when heated to 2400 °C, and the isotropic peaks vanished. Bamboo charcoal has a higher degree of crystallinity than other wood-based charcoals, such as oak charcoal, which is made up of turbostratic graphite, according to Raman spectroscopic research. Lithium-ion batteries employ bamboo charcoal as their anode material. At this point, the values for soft carbon were determined to be 196 mAh/g and for hard carbon to be 168 mAh/g at a current density of 0.02 A/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercropping affects soil microbial community structure significantly; however, the effects on understory medicinal plants in karst areas remain unclear. We investigated the effects of four intercropping systems (Moso bamboo, Chinese fir, bamboo-fir mixed forest, and forest gap) on the rhizosphere microbial communities of giant lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum), an economically important medicinal plant in China. We assessed the intercropping impact on rhizosphere microbial diversity, composition, and co-occurrence networks and identified key soil properties driving the changes. Bacterial and fungal diversity were assessed by 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing, respectively; soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were measured. Moso bamboo system had the highest fungal diversity, with relatively high bacterial diversity. It promoted a distinct microbial community structure with significant Actinobacteria and saprotrophic fungi enrichment. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available potassium were the most influential drivers of microbial community structure. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the microbial network in the Moso bamboo system was the most complex and highly interconnected, with a higher proportion of positive interactions and a greater number of keystone taxa. Thus, integrating Moso bamboo into intercropping systems can enhance soil fertility, microbial diversity, and ecological interactions in the giant lily rhizosphere in karst forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo plants have erratic flowering habits with a long vegetative growth and an uncertain flowering cycle. The process of floral transition has always been one of the hot and intriguing topics in bamboo developmental biology. As master modulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating reproductive growth, especially in floral transition of flowering plants. Pleioblastus pygmaeus is a kind of excellent ground cover ornamental bamboo species. In this study, we performed miRNA expression profiling of the shoot buds and flower buds from the bamboo species, to investigate flowering-related miRNAs in bamboo plants. A total of 179 mature miRNAs were identified from P. pygmaeus, including 120 known miRNAs and 59 novel miRNAs, of which 96 (61 known miRNAs and 35 novel miRNAs) were differentially expressed in the shoots at different growth stages. Based on target gene (TG) prediction, a total of 2099 transcription factors (TFs) were annotated to be TGs of the 96 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), corresponding to 839 recordings of DEM-TF pairs. In addition, we identified 23 known DEMs involved in flowering and six known miRNAs related to floral organ development based on previous reports. Among these, there were 11 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, with 124 TF targets corresponding to 132 DEM-TF pairs in P. pygmaeus. In particular, we focused on the identification of miR156a-SPL (SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding protein-Like) modules in the age pathway, which are well-known to regulate the vegetative-to-reproductive phase transition in flowering plants. A total of 36 TF targets of miR156a were identified, among which there were 11 SPLs. The Dual-Luciferase transient expression assay indicated miR156a mediated the repression of the PpSPL targets in P. pygmaeus. The integrated analysis of miRNAs and TGs at genome scale in this study provides insight into the essential roles of individual miRNAs in modulating flowering transition through regulating TF targets in bamboo plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study investigates the moisture management properties of woven fabrics produced from banana and bamboo fibers. The moisture management characteristics of three different fabric structures, namely plain, twill, and satin weaves, were examined using varying proportions of bamboo and banana fibers. Results revealed that an increase in the proportion of bamboo fibers led to enhanced maximum wetted radius, spreading speed, AOTI, and OMMC. Furthermore, fabric structure played a significant role in moisture management performance, with satin weave fabric demonstrating excellent moisture management behavior and twill weave fabric exhibiting the least favorable moisture management properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the research and development of technology and equipment for bamboo products deep processing, such as filling, drying, and medicinal use of bamboo flour (BF), the poor compaction and fluidity of BF materials entails the need for accurate discrete element model (DEM) and BF parameters to provide a reference for the simulation of BF processing operationsand the development of related equipment. The average particle size of the 5 types of BFs ranges from 0.136 mm to 0.293 mm, and the small particle size of BF particles causes to the number of BF particles in bamboo processing equipment to reach tens of millions or even billions. When conventional methods are used for simulation, ordinary computers cannot provide the required computing power. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes a calibration method for the discrete element contact parameters of BFs based on dimensional analysis and a back propagation (BP) neural network. Using particle scaling theory and dimensional analysis methods, the average particle size of the BF was increased to 1 mm, and the main discrete element contact parameters of the five types of BF to be tested were used as input layers. The injection method and sidewall collapse method were used to obtain the angle of repose (AR) as the output layer. Fifty groups were randomly selected using MATLAB for EDEM simulation, and the simulation results were trained using the BP neural network algorithm; an ideal neural network model was obtained, the discrete element parameters of different BFs were predicted, and physical experiments were performed to verify two types of AR and mold hole compression under calibrated parameters. The relative error between the simulated AR obtained through calibration parameters and the physical experimental values is less than 2.3%. Through BF parameter validity verification, the simulated maximum compression displacement and compression ratio after stabilization were 34.81 mm and 0.477, which were close to the actual experimental results of 34.77 mm and 0.461, respectively, verifying the accuracy of the neural network prediction model. The research results provide a reference for the simulation of BF processing operations and the development of related equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the preparation of bamboo flour/Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) composites with high bamboo flour content and high mechanical strength using polyurethane prepolymer as chemical–physical compatibilizer via in‐situ reaction. Additionally, this work explored the effects of different bamboo flour contents and different types of polyurethane prepolymers on the mechanical properties, morphology, thermodynamics, water absorption, and surface wettability of the bamboo flour/PBAT composites. The results showed that PBA‐based polyurethane prepolymer (PBAPU) was an effective compatibilizer, promoting the interfacial adhesion between bamboo flour and PBAT. The strength at break, elongation at break, and impact strength of composites with 50% bamboo flour content reached 19.56 MPa, 25.53%, and 12.8 KJ/m2. With the increase of bamboo flour content, the strength of composites was still higher. The addition of PBAPU enhanced the thermal stability, mechanical properties, water resistance, and hydroscopicity of the bamboo flour/PBAT composites. Furthermore, the compatibilization of PBA‐based polyurethane prepolymer on composites was better than that of PCL‐based polyurethane prepolymer. Overall, we provided an effective strategy for preparing renewable, green, and practical high‐bamboo flour composites. Highlights: This work successfully prepared bamboo flour/PBAT composites with high bamboo content using an in‐situ melt blending reaction.A new interface structure of physical PBA‐PBA interaction between the PBAPU layer and PBAT matrix improved the compatibilization of the composites.PBAPU as a compatibilizer effectively improved the interface compatibility, thermal stability, and water resistance of Bamboo flour/PBAT blends.Bamboo flour/PBAT composites with high bamboo flour content have excellent mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on three different regions of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): an inner layer (IB), middle layer (MB), and outer layer (OB), to comprehensively characterize the structural features, chemical composition (ash, extractives and lignin contents), and the lignin monomeric composition as determined by analytical pyrolysis. The results show that bamboo presents a gradient structure. From the IB to OB, the vascular bundle density and fiber sheath ratio increase, the porosity decreases (from 45.92% to 18.14%), and the vascular bundle diameter–chord ratio increases (from 0.85 to 1.48). In terms of chemical composition, the ash, extractives, and acid-soluble lignin content gradually decrease from IB to OB. The holocellulose content follows the trend: MB (66.3%) > OB (65.9%) > IB (62.8%), while the acid-insoluble lignin content exhibits the opposite trend: IB (22.6%) > OB (17.8%) > MB (17.7%). Pyrolysis products reveal the diversity of carbohydrates and lignin derivatives, with a lignin monomeric composition rich in syringyl and guaiacyl units and lower amounts of H-units: the IB has an H:G:S relation of 18:26:55, while 15:27:58 is the ratio for the MB and 15:40:45 for the OB; S/G ratio values were, respectively, 1.22, 1.46, and 0.99. A comprehensive analysis highlights significant gradient variations in the structure and chemistry of bamboo, providing robust support for the classification and refinement methods of bamboo residues for potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrocalamus brandisii is a high-quality bamboo species that can be used for both bamboo shoots and wood. The nutritional components and flavors of D. brandisii vary from different geographical provenances. However, the unique biological characteristics of bamboo make morphological classification methods unsuitable for distinguishing them. Although the new cultivar 'Manxie No.1' has significant differences in the branch characteristics and the color of shoot sheaths compared to the D. brandisii, it still lacks precise genetic information at the molecular level. This study identified 231,789 microsatellite markers based on the whole genome of D. brandisii and analyzed their type composition and distribution on chromosomes in detail. Then, using TP-M13-SSR fluorescence-labeling technology, 34 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened to identify the new cultivar 'Manxie No.1' and 11 different geographical provenances of D. brandisii. We also constructed DNA fingerprinting profiles for them. At the same time, we mapped six polymorphic SSRs to the gene of D. brandisii, among which SSR673 was mapped to DhB10G011540, which is related to plant immunity. The specific markers selected in this study can rapidly identify the provenances and the new cultivar of D. brandisii and help explore candidate genes related to some important traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the drying process of bamboo bundles, this study investigates the heat and mass transfer behavior during the drying process by using temperature sensors to measure the temperature field at different positions and track the overall moisture content over time. Additionally, a heat transfer model is used to simulate and predict the drying process. The analysis of the experimental results indicates that the diameter of the bamboo bundles has a greater impact on the drying rate than the drying temperature. At the same temperature, the drying time significantly decreases as the temperature increases. Under drying conditions at 80 °C, the average drying rate constant is 0.072 for bamboo bundles with a diameter of 40 mm, whereas it is only 0.015 for bundles with a diameter of 100 mm. Using Newton's law of cooling, the convective heat transfer coefficient calculation method was derived. The average convective heat transfer coefficients at 40, 60, and 80 °C were calculated to be 6.16 W/(m2 K), 7.14 W/(m2 K), and 7.22 W/(m2 K), respectively. A mathematical model was established for the temperature at the center of the bamboo bundles, the temperature of the drying medium, the diameter of the bamboo bundles, and the drying time. This model effectively simulates the temperature variation inside the bamboo bundles, and the temperature simulation data fits well with the measured values, with a standard error of less than 2.8 °C and a prediction error of less than 6.1%. This coupled model and method provide a theoretical basis for predicting and controlling the bamboo bundle drying process, reducing energy and time consumption in actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo culms can alter the bamboo's geometric shape by adjusting the hierarchical organization of anatomical components as a means of adapting to different living conditions. Therefore, a square-like culm has been found commonly in the Chimonobambusa bamboo species. However, the underling mechanism for how these anatomical components assemble into a square culm in the species remains to be considered. Furthermore, the relationship between the geometrical construction of culm and its corresponding organization of anatomical components within also needs clarification. Therefore, the geometrical construction of cross-sections was examined in this work. A super-ellipse based on the Lamé curve was confirmed. Additionally, the transitional zone, at 3/4 in the radial direction, was detected as an inflection point where the geometric parameters clearly changed. Meanwhile, anatomical observation also suggested that the transitional zone can be identified as an inflection point because the fibre morphology difference in circumferential regions becomes more apparent in this area. It is worth mentioning that there is a coherence between the geometrical and microstructural features in circumferential and radial variation. These findings are meaningful to manifest the controlling mechanism of hierarchical structures on the geometrical shape of bamboo culm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the issue of low effective utilization of moso bamboo in Zhejiang Province, this study investigated the impact of varying camphor leaf powder content on the granulation quality of bamboo fiber biomass pellets, using moso bamboo fibers and camphor tree leaves from Zhejiang as raw materials. Experimental analysis examined moisture content, mixing ratio, and molding pressure effects on pellet density and mechanical durability. The experimental results revealed that under the same conditions, the performance of bamboo fiber pellets without camphor leaf powder is significantly inferior to those containing camphor leaf powder. As moisture content rose from 3% to 9%, pellet density and durability increased, but further increases to 18% led to their decline. Orthogonal experiments demonstrated that both moisture content and molding pressure had significant effects on density and mechanical durability. The calorific value test results indicated that the higher heating value of the mixed pellets reached 4380 Kcal/kg. The findings of this study provide insights for enhancing the utilization efficiency of moso bamboo and camphor tree leaf resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo is a type of fast-growing and renewable natural resource that is an ideal building material. In this study, the longitudinal tensile, longitudinal compressive, flexural, longitudinal shear, transverse tensile, and transverse compressive stress-strain and strength properties of bamboo with a period of 240 days were conducted to study the time-varying deterioration performance of bamboo. The results showed that the mechanical properties of bamboo decreased gradually with the passage of time. The transverse compressive strength deteriorated the most, and the longitudinal tensile strength deteriorated the least. After 240 days of tests, bamboo CCS decreased by 52.5% and UTS decreased by 25.4%. Formulas to predict deterioration of mechanical properties were put forward and validated. It was found that the nodes of bamboo influenced its mechanical properties. The deterioration degree of the test specimens with nodes was slightly higher than that of the test specimens without nodes. These findings provide evidence about the deterioration mechanism of bamboo and are significant for promoting the development of bamboo architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rattan is an important non-wood forest product, which shows a natural gradient in its structure from cane cortex to core. Toughness is its main characteristic, which is closely related to resistance to fracture. In this study, based on the principle of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the fracture toughness of Plectocomia kerrana Becc., was studied in two directions whose cracks were prefabricated from the cane cortex and from the cane core, respectively. The results showed that the average fracture toughness of pre-cracked from the rattan cane core was 0.476 MPa·m1/2 measured by the SENB method. This value is much smaller than bamboo, as well as fir, Masson pine and other woods. Nominal fracture toughness of pre-cracks from cane cortex measured by flexibility method was 0.263 MPa m1/2, which was less than the nominal fracture toughness value for pre-cracks from the core. When the rattan was bent, the crack in the rattan extended along with the prefabricated crack plane. Within the parenchymatic tissue, the crack extended transversely and changed its direction when the crack stretched into fiber sheath. The distribution density of vascular bundle was positively correlated with the fracture toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical properties and behaviors of bamboo joined by different connections were considered in this work. Makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi) culms from Taiwan were used as the connection material to explore the form of cross-lap joints. Since the cross-lap joint is a common joint in bamboo structures, the mechanical properties of tension, slip, and rotation were evaluated for three types of joints: lashing joint, iron wire joint, and steel bracket joint, under different load conditions. The results showed that the ultimate load of bamboo culms under lateral partial compression has a positive correlation with the number of bamboo nodes and the relative distance to the base-section of the bamboo culms. The mid-sections and end-sections have similar uniaxial compressions in the transverse orientation. According to results of tensile testing, the tensile stiffness of the three joint types is as follows in descending order: iron wire joint, lashing joint, and steel bracket joint, with the reverse order for ultimate load testing. In terms of slip testing, the withstanding of ultimate loads and increases in slip stiffness can be attributed to bamboo nodes that assist in creating slip stiffness in lashing joint. However, ultimately, steel bracket joints hold the highest slip stiffness. Our findings for rotation stiffness value show the following tendency: steel bracket joint > lashing joint > iron wire joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population outbreaks of insects provide an excellent opportunity to elucidate their evolutionary history. In this study, we uncovered the phylogenetic relationships of Dicraeus spp. in Japan and compared the population genetic structure of two bamboo-feeding Dicraeus spp. Dicraeus phyllostachyus and Dicraeus nartshukae , by leveraging a recent nationwide mass flowering event of several bamboo species in Japan. We performed analysis using mitochondrial COI gene sequencing and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms detected by multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq). We found genetic similarity in COI haplotypes over a large geographical range in the two Dicraeus spp. but, for both species, no concordance was detected between the collected host plants and genetic structures. In the genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data, no clear genetic clusters were detected for D. phyllostachyus populations, whereas D. nartshukae populations were divided into two groups, in the north and south of Japan. Demographic analysis indicated that D. phyllostachyus had greatly expanded its population recently compared with D. nartshukae. These contrasting patterns between the two species might reflect the differences in the demographic history between the species. Our study suggested that the mass flowering event might cascade to the genetic structure of the florivorous insects through trophic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), a non-timber plant resource in China, possesses significant ecological and economic value. However, human activities and climate change have degraded its natural habitat, posing a significant threat to its widespread distribution. To address this, we used species distribution models based on 115 occurrence data and 10 ecological variables to predict the potential suitable areas and spatial change trends of moso bamboo in present and future periods in China. We also analyzed areas with environmental anomalies and the drivers of its geographical variations under climate change. The results showed that the biomod2 ensemble model, consisting of eleven integrated models, exhibited significantly improved accuracy compared to single models. Key environmental factors limiting its distribution were mean diurnal temperature range (bio2), minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), precipitation seasonality (bio15), and elevation. Currently, the potential suitable habitat covers 152.74 × 104 km2, mainly from south of the Qinling-Huaihe River to north of the Tropic of Cancer. However, under future climate scenarios, these habitats will considerably shrink, especially in highly suitable areas. The moderately suitable habitat will fragment, and the low-suitability boundary will move northward. With the deepening impact of climate change, the entire distribution range will move towards higher latitudes. Hunan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, and western Jiangxi emerge as future climate refuges for moso bamboo, necessitating critical population protection. In summary, our research deepens our insight of how climate change drives the geographic distribution of moso bamboo and offers valuable theoretical support for its cultivation and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo, recognized as a versatile and eco-friendly construction material, has garnered substantial interest in recent times. This study undertakes a comprehensive assessment of five bamboo species—Bullet, Deluxe, Choti Khunti, Premium, and Kanaat. The primary objective is to evaluate their suitability for construction practices. The investigation initiates with an analysis of the bamboo species density and moisture content, shedding light on their physical properties and durability. The results reveal notable variations, with Choti Khunti bamboo boasting the highest density and the lowest moisture content, signifying its potential resilience. Additionally, the study scrutinizes the shrinkage behavior of these bamboo species concerning changes in thickness, diameter, and length under varying temperatures. Deluxe bamboo shows compressive and tensile strengths of 82.64 N/mm2 and 151.95 N/mm2, respectively. In the term of bending strength, Kanaat bamboo exhibits the highest bending strength of 319.26 N/mm2. To facilitate decision-making, three multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods—TOPSIS, AHP, and VIKOR—are employed to rank these bamboo species based on their overall laboratory performance. The consensus among these methods places deluxe bamboo in the top position, followed by bullet, thus positioning deluxe as the most promising bamboo species for construction applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate identification of structural displacements is important for structural state assessment and performance evaluation. This paper proposes a real-time structural displacement detection model based on computer vision and deep learning. The model consists of three stages: identification, tracking, and displacement resolution. First, the displacement target is identified and tracked by the improved YOLO v7 algorithm and the improved DeepSORT algorithm. Then, the Euclidean distance method based on inverse perspective mapping (IPM-ED) is proposed for the analytical conversion of the displacement. Next, the accuracy and effectiveness of this displacement detection model are evaluated through four groups of bamboo axial compression tests. A comparative analysis is conducted between the IPM-ED displacement analysis method and the commonly used ED displacement analysis method. Finally, the robustness of this method is tested by using a cable breakage test of a cable dome structure as an application case. The research results demonstrate that the maximum average error of the four groups of bamboo displacement tests is only 3.10 mm, and the maximum relative error of peak displacement is only 6.54 mm. The RMSE basically stays around 3.5 mm. The maximum displacement error in the application case is only 4.91 mm, with a maximum MAPE of 4.94%. In addition, the error percentage under the IPM-ED algorithm is basically within 5%, while the error percentage of the ED algorithm is more than 10%. The method in this paper achieves efficient and intelligent identification of structural displacements in a non-contact manner. The proposed method is suitable for environments where the contact displacement sensor is easily affected by vibration, the site is complex and requires additional displacement sensor fixing equipment, the displacement sensor with super-high structure is unsafe to deploy, and the contact displacement sensor in narrow space is inconvenient to deploy, so it has broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creep of bamboo scrimber is an important factor to be considered in engineering applications. Simply using the creep test method not only consumes a lot of time and money, but also cannot be extended to the full stress level. Therefore, in this paper, the short-term creep tests of bamboo scrimber under different stress levels (30% and 40%) and ambient temperatures (30°C–70°C) were carried out. The multicomponent Kelvin-Voigt model and generalized Maxwell shear relaxation model of bamboo scrimber were established. The Maxwell-3 shear relaxation model was used as the constitutive model of bamboo scrimber, and the creep finite-element model of bamboo scrimber under parallel-to-grain compression was established, which verified the creep constitutive model of bamboo scrimber. The results showed that the shear relaxation modulus exhibited a significant decrease during the unstable creep stage, reaching a maximum reduction of 62.0%. It showed nonlinear for the effect of ambient temperature on the compression creep of bamboo scrimber, and the creep rate near the glass transition temperature was significantly higher than that at other temperatures. The fitting coefficients, R -square of creep compliance models, were sorted as KV-4 and KV-5>KV-3>Burgers>KV-2. The fitting coefficients, R -square of the generalized Maxwell model of shear relaxation modulus, were sorted as Maxwell-4 and Maxwell-3>Maxwell-2>Maxwell-1. The simulated creep displacement error of the two specimens was 2.8% and 0.1%, respectively, which verified the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The paper proposed creep behavior and a constitutive model for bamboo scrimber under parallel-to-grain compression, which holds significant theoretical implications for its widespread application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents unique research conducted in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam, focusing on the biogeochemical element migration in soil and plants. The study aimed to identify element content changes, biological accumulation, and biogeochemical mobility during wet and dry seasons across different landscape conditions. The research revealed the active elements involved in migration and accumulation, assessed mobility and accumulation in bamboo organs, and highlighted the peculiarities within the "soil-plant" system. The study found that the uptake of certain microelements by plants is influenced by landscape facies and moisture conditions. For example, Zn, Cu, and Co were introduced through plant litter during the wet season and accumulated, while Mo accumulation was more pronounced in the dry season. Furthermore, the research observed variations in biological uptake by bamboo organs, with different landscape conditions and seasons playing a role. The biogeochemical mobility of elements in bamboo organs increased significantly with soil moisture during the wet season. Overall, the research provided insights into element accumulation and biogeochemical migration. Notably, the accumulation of element B was found to increase with soil moisture, while its reduction was associated with slope process activation during the wet season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper experimentally investigates the behavior of innovative sustainable Low-Cost Bamboo Composite (LCBC) structural columns under compressive loading. The LCBC columns are manufactured from bamboo culms in combination with bio-based resins to form composite structural columns. Different LCBC cross-sectional configurations are investigated in this study, including the Russian doll (RD), Big Russian doll (BRD), Hawser (HAW), and Scrimber (SCR). Two bio-based resins, including one bio-epoxies and one furan-based resin, in addition to a soft bio-based filler and a synthetic epoxy resin, are applied. The bamboo species used as the cast-in-place giant bamboo for all configurations include Moso, Guadua, and Tali. Slender LCBC columns showed maximum stress equal to 60 MPa at failure. The study found that the samples with bio-epoxy resin (BE2) exhibited enhanced material stiffness when compared to synthetic epoxy (EPX) and furan-based resin (PF1), while PF1 specimens demonstrated increased ductility. Among the specimens with Moso bamboo and BE2 resin, those with SCR and HAW configurations achieved the highest compressive strengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, bamboo fiber is mainly prepared by rolling and carding after employing the alkali boiling softening method, which is not friendly to the environment. In order to obtain a green and environmentally friendly pretreatment method for preparing bamboo fiber, this paper starts with the current bamboo softening technology and explores the impact of various experimental factors on fiber extraction of Pleioblastus amarus (bitter bamboo) after application of the saturated steam softening method through studying the relationship between saturated steam temperature, holding time, moisture content of bamboo strips, fiber yield, fiber fineness, and the mechanical properties of Pleioblastus amarus fiber. Single-factor experiments revealed that optimal softening fiber extraction effects were achieved within a steam temperature range of 150–180 °C, a holding time of 10–30 min, and a moisture content of 12%–22%. Based on these findings, an orthogonal experiment was designed using a factorial-level table. Through the analysis of range, variance, and orthogonal experiment results, combined with the fibrillation effect and the practical application of fibers, the optimal process parameters of the saturated steam softening method for fiber extraction were determined: saturated steam temperature 170 °C, holding time 20 min, and moisture content 12%. In contrast to the method of conventional mechanical fiber extraction after alkali boiling softening treatment, bamboo fibers processed utilizing the optimized conditions of the saturated steam softening technique showcase a substantial 63% elevation in fiber yield, a notable 18% reduction in fiber fineness, a commendable 28% enhancement in fiber tensile strength, an equivalent tensile modulus, and a marked 53% decrease in elongation at break. The softening process can provide a green and environmentally friendly treatment method for bamboo fiber extraction and greatly promote the scope of application of Pleioblastus amarus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of civil engineering, the utilization of bio-based composites is a viable solution for promoting environmentally friendly practices. A novel bio-based inorganic-bonded bamboo composite (InorgBam) prepared with roller-pressing impregnation, cold pressing, and molding technology was first introduced, and 72 double-shear specimens were tested to investigate the load-carrying performance of InorgBam single-bolted connections. The failure characteristics of the InorgBam single-bolted connections were evaluated using the European yield model (EYM). By incorporating the existing bilinear and Attiogbe models, the load-displacement relationship of the InorgBam single-bolted connections was foretasted with precision. The effect of bolt diameter and component thickness on load-bearing capacity was compared, and relevant design suggestions were proposed. Prediction equations of load-bearing capacity for timber connections in existing standards were briefly reviewed and compared with the test results to illustrate their applicability for InorgBam connections. Comparison results indicated that the equations for timbers exhibited an adequate safety redundancy for the InorgBam. Finally, a simplified equation was proposed based on nonlinear fitting that aims to provide a convenient approach to design activities for InorgBam bolted connections and promote the structural application of InorgBam material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the elastic modulus of bamboo scrimber is low relative to their strength, the design of bamboo scrimber beams is often restricted by their deformation. Therefore, this study proposes vertical steel plate-reinforced bamboo scrimber (PRBS) beams to improve the stiffness of bamboo scrimber beams more effectively while improving bearing capacity, thereby increasing the span and expanding the application scope of bamboo scrimber beams. To study the mechanical properties of PRBS beams, flexural loading tests on 21 beams were performed under 7 working conditions, and the effects of different thicknesses, opening ratios, and arrangements of built-in steel plates on the flexural performance of PRBS beams were studied. The results showed that the PRBS beams have two ultimate failure modes: tensile failure of the beam bottom and lateral buckling of the beam. Compared with Reference beams, PRBS beams with solid steel plate exhibit 45–51% higher bearing capacity and 52–104% higher stiffness, and PRBS beams with perforated steel plate exhibit 22–33% higher bearing capacity and 35–48% higher stiffness. In addition, a theoretical analysis was conducted on the flexural bearing capacity of PRBS beams based on the tri-linear constitutive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Bamboo is an ideal green building material with excellent mechanical properties. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a kind of solid waste residue which is in urgent need of resource utilization and has been used as construction material. In this paper, a kind of round bamboo-fiber reinforced phosphogypsum composite short column was proposed. Axial compression tests of pure bamboo columns, bamboo columns filled with phosphogypsum inside, bamboo columns with phosphogypsum outside and bamboo columns with phosphogypsum inside and outside were carried out to explore the failure mode and mechanical properties of the short columns. The effects of the parameters include bamboo node, hose hoops, size of the bamboo tube and the strength of phosphogypsum on the mechanical properties of the short columns were analyzed, and the theoretical calculation method of the bearing capacity of the short columns was put forward. The results show that the bamboo nodes and hose hoops can improve the bearing capacity, initial stiffness and ductility of the column. The larger the size of the bamboo tube, the better the mechanical properties of the short column. The bearing capacity of round bamboo—phosphogypsum composite short column is higher than that of pure bamboo column. The ductility of bamboo columns with phosphogypsum outside is obviously higher than that of pure bamboo columns. The finite element analysis results are in good agreement with the test results. The theoretical calculation method of the bearing capacity of columns considering the strength reduction coefficient, the bamboo node effect coefficient and the constraint effect in this paper has high accuracy.

We report a new record of Dinochloa malayana S.Dransf. (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) from Sumatra, Indonesia, specifically in Sumpur Kudus, Sijunjung, West Sumatra. This discovery expands the known western range of Dinochloa Buse in Malesia. On the mainland of Sumatra, this genus, represented by D. glabrescens Widjaja, was previously only reported from Lampung in the south. Dinochloa was once thought to have a disjunct distribution in western Malesia, limited to the Malay Peninsula and southern Sumatra. Our new data confirm the continuous distribution of Dinochloa throughout western Malesia.

This study investigated the influence of different alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (ANAA) levels on the growth performance of Kawayang kiling during bamboo propagation. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications was employed. The treatments comprised varying ANAA concentrations: T0-0 ppm, T1-2 ppm, T2-4 ppm, and T3-6 ppm. The study found no significant effect of ANAA application on the growth performance of Kawayang kiling cuttings, measured by the number of shoots developed, shoot height, number of leaves, number of roots, and root length. However, for branch cuttings, supplementing with 2 ppm ANAA resulted in improved growth and survival. This indicates that ANAA is effective in encouraging root formation and overall plant health, making it a valuable tool in horticulture and plant propagation. By using ANAA, growers may see better results in the propagation process, leading to stronger, more resilient plants. Further research could explore optimizing ANAA concentrations and application methods to maximize its benefits, potentially enhancing bamboo propagation techniques and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.

The demand for new products derived from agro-industrial residues has increased recently. Furthermore, vinasse, a wastewater from ethanol production, needs treatment to be reused in the sugarcane industry, reducing industrial water consumption. This study performed vinasse filtration with charcoal from industrial sugarcane residues and used filtered molasses dilution in ethanolic fermentation. There were five treatments in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The treatments included deionized water and natural vinasse as positive and negative controls, respectively, and filtered vinasse from charcoal made from bamboo, sugarcane bagasse, and straw. Hence, fermentation for ethanol production was performed. Compared with natural vinasse, filtered vinasse with all types of charcoal showed lower soluble solids, total residual reducing sugars, higher ethanol concentrations, and greater fermentative efficiency. Filtered vinasse from bagasse and straw charcoals had efficiencies of 81.14% and 77.98%, respectively, in terms of ethanol production, which are close to those of deionized water (81.49%). In a hypothetical industry, vinasse charcoal filtration and charcoal regeneration should prevent 84.12% of water consumption from environmental resources. This process is feasible because it uses a product of sugarcane residue to treat wastewater and reduce industrial water consumption and vinasse disposal. HIGHLIGHTS Charcoal from sugar mill residues can be used for vinasse filtration.; The filtered vinasse should be used in molasses dilution.; Filtered vinasse has a fermentation efficiency close to deionized water in molasses dilution.; Using bagasse and straw charcoal for vinasse filtration in industry is feasible.; Charcoal regeneration is possible, and it may increase porosity.;

Cellulose, as the most abundant natural polymer on Earth, has long captured researchers' attention due to its high strength and modulus. Nevertheless, transferring its exceptional mechanical properties to macroscopic 2D and 3D materials poses numerous challenges. This review provides an overview of the research progress in the development of strong cellulose-based materials using both the "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches. In the "bottom-up" strategy, various forms of regenerated cellulose-based materials and nanocellulose-based high-strength materials assembled by different methods are discussed. Under the "top-down" approach, the focus is on the development of reinforced cellulose-based materials derived from wood, bamboo, rattan and straw. Furthermore, a brief overview of the potential applications fordifferent types of strong cellulose-based materials is given, followed by a concise discussion on future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Bamboo, a renewable resource with rapid growth and an impressive height‐to‐diameter ratio, faces mechanical instability due to its slender structure. Despite this, bamboo maintains its posture without breaking in its battle against environmental and gravitational forces. But what drives this motor function in bamboo?This study subjected Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) to gravitational stimulation, compelling it to grow at a 45° angle instead of upright. Remarkably, the artificially inclined bamboo exhibited astonishing shape control and adjustment capabilities.The growth strain was detected at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, providing evidence for the presence of internal stress, namely growth stress. The high longitudinal tensile stress on the upper side, along with a significant asymmetry in stress distribution in tilted bamboo, plays a pivotal role in maintaining its mechanical stability.Drawing upon experimental findings, it can be deduced that the growth stress primarily originates from the broad layers of fiber cells. Bamboo could potentially regulate the magnitude of growth stress by modifying the number of fiber cell layers during its maturation process. Additionally, the microfibril angle and lignin disposition may decisively influence the generation of growth stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cover Legend Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) exhibits excellent mechanical stability, despite its rapid growth and slender structure. Image courtesy of Xiaohan Chen (Luan et al., pp. 2201–2213).. [Extracted from the article]

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) is a conservation area in East Java with an abundance of biodiversity, including macrofungi. This study aims to identify the macrofungal species existing in Poncokusumo district, TNBTS area, and their habitat characteristics for a further sustainable study of fungi. This study used a purposive sampling method by opportunistic exploration. Identification of macrofungi is conducted by morphological analysis and habitat characterization. The study identified 15 macrofungal species categorized as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, that were distinct in their habitat characteristics. The 15 macrofungal species inhabited leaf litter, wood litter, soil, and bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the transformative impact of three-dimensional printing, or additive manufacturing, in the development of bamboo-based 3D printing parts. Recently, there has been growing interest in incorporating natural fibers, such as bamboo, into polymers to enhance the structural integrity and strength of 3D-printed polymeric materials. This paper thoroughly examines the opportunities and obstacles associated with using additive manufacturing techniques to print bamboo fiber composites. This study includes an analysis of the mechanical properties, thermal properties, biodegradability, and environmental benefits of bamboo fiber composites. It also covers the processing methods and the printing parameters of bamboo fiber composites. This paper review focuses on the future prospects of bamboo fiber composites as a sustainable material in additive manufacturing based on the analysis of the existing literature and the recent research developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global climate change has resulted in substantial modifications to the distribution patterns of narrowly distributed species across different time periods, leading to an imminent threat to the survival of some vulnerable species. Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi ex Ohrnb., a bamboo species endemic to the transition zone from the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin with high economic and ecological value, exhibits a limited range and rarity. Utilizing eight environmental variables and 56 occurrence records, we employed the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution range of C. tumidissinoda under current and future climate scenarios. The findings revealed that precipitation of the driest month (Bio14), elevation and isothermality (Bio3) were the crucial factors determining the species' distribution, accounting for 31.24%, 28.27% and 17.24% of data variability, respectively. The distribution centroid of C. tumidissinoda is anticipated to shift towards higher latitudes in response to future climate change, and the projected habitat suitability is expected to expand under ssp245 and ssp585 scenarios while remaining unchanged or contracting under the ssp126 scenario. Despite these expansions, the suitable habitats remain limited, with the largest being approximately 2.08 × 104 km2, indicating a significant threat to its survival. Our study provides insights into the adaptive responses of C. tumidissinoda to climate change, enriching scientific knowledge for developing effective conservation measurements as well as sustainable utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in bamboo fibers for pulp, paper, and board production in the USA necessitates a comprehensive financial viability assessment. This study conducts a detailed technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of bamboo fiber production, primarily for the consumer hygiene tissue market although it is also applicable to other industrial uses. The economic viability of two pulping methods – alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) and ammonium bisulfite chemical pulping (ABS) – was explored within three different pulp mill settings to supply pulp to two nonintegrated tissue and towel mills in South Carolina, USA. The target was to produce wet lap bamboo bleached pulp at 50% consistency and 70% ISO brightness. Despite higher initial capital invesment and operating costs, ABS achieved a lower minimum required selling price – USD 544 to 686 per bone dry metric ton (BDt = 1000 BDkg) – in comparison with USD 766 to 899 BDt−1 for APMP. This price advantage is partly due to an additional revenue stream (lignosulfonate byproduct), which not only boosts revenue but also circumvents the need for expensive chemical recovery systems. When compared with traditional kraft pulping, both methods require significantly lower capital investments, with minimum required selling prices (estimated to achieve 16% IRR) below current market rates for extensively used bleached kraft pulps in the USA tissue industry. The economic benefits derive from several factors: the low cost of bamboo as raw material, reduced capital needs for new pulping technologies, lower transportation costs from the pulp mill to tissue and towel manufacturing facilities, and the high market price of bleached kraft pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]