15,924 results on '"*VACCINE hesitancy"'
Search Results
2. Mortality trend of severe COVID-19 in under-vaccinated population admitted to ICU in French Amazonian
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Matheus, Severine, Houcke, Stephanie, Ngoulla, Guy Roger Lontsi, Higel, Nicolas, Ba, Abesetou, Cook, Fabrice, Gourjault, Cyrille, Nkontcho, Flaubert, Demar, Magalie, Nacher, Mathieu, Djossou, Felix, Hommel, Didier, Resiere, Dabor, Pujo, Jean Marc, and Kallel, Hatem
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- 2024
3. Teaching undergraduate medical students how to communicate with vaccine-hesitant patients: A scoping review
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Nguyen, E and Bilszta, JLC
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- 2023
4. Barriers to the success of covid-19 immunisation programs in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea
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Flanagan, Belinda, Nevill, Kay, Sabok, Camilla, Zilliacus, Mimi, and Sward, Jonathon
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- 2023
5. STOPS and multivariate hierarchical aglomerative clustering: segmentation of the public regarding children’s vaccinaton communication in Slovenia
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Kropivnik, Samo and Vrdelja, Mitja
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- 2024
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6. COVID-19 pediatric vaccine authorization, FDA authority, and individual misperception of risk.
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Sax, Joanna and Doran, Neal
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COVID-19 vaccine ,Food and Drug Administration ,intervention ,notice and comment ,public health ,vaccine hesitancy - Abstract
Vaccines are one component to the public health strategies to alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic. Hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in the United States has been problematic, which is not surprising given increasing overall vaccine hesitancy in recent decades. Most vaccines are administered during childhood years. Consequently, understanding hesitancy toward administration of vaccines in this age group may provide insight into possible interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy. The present study analyzed a subset of over 130,000 public comments posted in response to a notice of meeting of the vaccine advisory group to the Food and Drug Administration. The meeting addressed whether to recommend Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the COVID-19 vaccine for children ages 5-11. The results of the study demonstrate that most comments opposed EUA and these comments were associated with statements that indicated misperceptions of risk. Findings provide interesting insights regarding the role of public comments generally but also suggest that the public participation process in notice and comment can be modified to serve as an intervention to align individual perceptions of risk more closely with evidence-based assessment of risk. In addition, the findings provide opportunities to consider strategies for public health messaging.
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- 2024
7. “You Don’t Know If It’s the Truth or a Lie”: Exploring Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Hesitancy among Communities with Low HPV Vaccine Uptake in Northern California
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Dang, Julie HT, Gori, Alexandra, Rios, Lucy, Rolon, Angelica M, Zhang, Jingwen, and Chen, Moon S
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Paediatrics ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cervical Cancer ,Women's Health ,Immunization ,Clinical Research ,Health Disparities ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Vaccine Related ,Infectious Diseases ,Rural Health ,Minority Health ,Cancer ,HPV and/or Cervical Cancer Vaccines ,Prevention ,Social Determinants of Health ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.4 Vaccines ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy ,key informant interviews ,focus groups ,qualitative research ,racially/ethnically diverse communities ,rural ,Clinical sciences ,Immunology ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundVaccine hesitancy, delaying or refusing to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines, impedes the progress of achieving optimal HPV vaccine coverage. Little is known about the sources of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy among racially/ethnically and geographically diverse communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore HPV vaccine hesitancy among rural, Slavic, and Latino communities that reside in counties with low HPV vaccine uptake rates.MethodsKey informant interviews and focus groups were conducted with rural, Slavic, and Latino communities that reside within counties in California that have low HPV vaccine up to date rates (16-25%). Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis.ResultsA total of seven focus groups and 14 key informant interviews were conducted with 39 individuals from seven California counties. Salient themes that contributed to HPV vaccine hesitancy included the following: social media and the anti-vaccination movement; a strong belief in acquiring immunity naturally; prior vaccine experiences; and vaccine timing concerns. Participants suggested the provision of culturally appropriate, in-language, in-person easy to understand HPV vaccine education to mitigate HPV vaccine hesitancy.ConclusionsOur findings can inform future interventions to increase HPV vaccine uptake among hesitant communities.
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- 2024
8. Study protocol: Project 2VIDA! SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intervention delivery for adults in Southern California.
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Skaathun, Britt, Salgin, Linda, Muñoz, Fatima, Talavera, Gregory, Smith, David, Stockman, Jamila, OBryan, Sophie, Ramirez, Daniel, James-Price, Cynthia, and Servin, Argentina
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African American ,COVID-19 ,Latino (Hispanic) ,community-based participatory research ,vaccine hesitancy ,Adult ,Humans ,California ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,United States ,Clinical Trial Protocols as Topic - Abstract
BACKGROUND: To date, the United States (US) leads the world in the number of infections and deaths due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are staggering. Age-adjusted data show that AA and Latino individuals have had higher rates of death over most of the pandemic and during surges. Project 2VIDA! is community-based participatory research (CBPR) that was developed to address individual, social, and contextual factors related to access and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among African American and Latino communities in Southern California. This paper describes the study protocol and overarching objectives. METHODS AND DESIGN: Project 2VIDA! is a multilevel intervention that builds on the principals of CBPR and is designed to increase uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among African American and Latino individuals (≥16 years and older) in San Diego County. The intervention was developed with a working group comprised of representatives from community and academia and centers on targeted COVID-19 individual awareness and education, linkage to medical and supportive services, COVID-19 community outreach and health promotion and offering the COVID-19 vaccine through community pop-up clinics. DISCUSSION: Findings from 2VIDA! will provide data on the impact, feasibility, and acceptability of the intervention which are all crucial for the adaptation, refinement, and improvement of vaccine outreach interventions for COVID-19 and other vaccine preventable infectious diseases that severely impact African American and Latino communities. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05022472?term=Project+2VIDA&draw=2&rank=1, NCT05022472.
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- 2024
9. Approximate maximum likelihood estimation in cure models using aggregated data, with application to HPV vaccine completion.
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Rice, John D. and Kempe, Allison
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DATA privacy , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *VACCINATION of children , *VACCINE hesitancy , *HUMAN papillomavirus - Abstract
Research into vaccine hesitancy is a critical component of the public health enterprise, as rates of communicable diseases preventable by routine childhood immunization have been increasing in recent years. It is therefore important to estimate proportions of "never‐vaccinators" in various subgroups of the population in order to successfully target interventions to improve childhood vaccination rates. However, due to privacy issues, it may be difficult to obtain individual patient data (IPD) needed to perform the appropriate time‐to‐event analyses: state‐level immunization information services may only be willing to share aggregated data with researchers. We propose statistical methodology for the analysis of aggregated survival data that can accommodate a cured fraction based on a polynomial approximation of the mixture cure model log‐likelihood function relying only on summary statistics. We study the performance of the method through simulation studies and apply it to a real‐world data set from a study examining reminder/recall approaches to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake. The proposed methods may be generalized for use when there is interest in fitting complex likelihood‐based models but IPD is unavailable due to data privacy or other concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Vaccine equity implementation: exploring factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine delivery in the Philippines from an equity lens.
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Zhao, Junqiang, Wu, Shishi, Rafal, Renz Andrew, Manguerra, Helena, Dong, Quanfang, Huang, Hongyu, Lau, Lincoln, and Wei, Xiaolin
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Background: During the early phase of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) were facing challenges in achieving equitable vaccine delivery. Few studies have contextualized global vaccine distributive injustice into national-specific contexts to understand its impact on vaccine delivery from an equity perspective. We aimed to investigate factors influencing equitable COVID-19 vaccine delivery in the Philippines and to provide recommendations to enhance equitable vaccine delivery in LMICs to prepare for future health emergencies. Methods: The Health Equity Implementation Framework was employed to guide this qualitative study. We recruited participants using purposeful and snowballing sampling strategies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants in person, online, or over the phone. A reflective thematic analysis approach was employed to analyze data. Results: We recruited 38 participants including seven high-level stakeholders from the public and private sectors, 14 health workers, and 17 community members in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. Equitable delivery of COVID-19 vaccines was influenced by an interplay of multiple factors operating in different domains. Contextually, the rapidly evolving nature of the COVID-19 virus, ongoing scientific advancements, and international negotiations directed national-level vaccine policies. Political commitment and support were recognized as crucial drivers for successful vaccine delivery, with a strong emphasis on health information framing and communication and adherence to human rights principles. The vulnerability of the health system significantly impacted the timely and effective distribution of vaccines. Furthermore, the geographical characteristics of the Philippines presented unique logistical challenges to vaccine delivery. At the recipient domain, individual perceptions of vaccines, shaped by their socioeconomic status, exposure to (mis)information, social influence, and entrenched religious beliefs, played a major role in their vaccine decisions and thus vaccine coverage regionally. Additionally, vaccine characteristics and operational challenges related to its distribution also impacted fair allocation. Conclusions: The findings highlight the urgent need for LMICs to strengthen their health system resilience and sustainability and use multilevel strategies to build public trust to improve vaccine uptake and coverage. Moreover, each LMIC must be attentive to its unique contextual factors to develop tailored implementation strategies to promote equitable vaccine distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. The Be REAL Framework: Enhancing Relationship-Building Skills for Community Health Workers.
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Jamison, Amelia M., Brewer, Janesse, Hamlin, Mary Davis, Forr, Amanda, Roberts, Robin, Carey, Aleen, Fugal, Adriele, Mankel, Magda E., Tovar, Yazmine, Adams, Stephanie, Shapcott, Katie, and Salmon, Daniel
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Trust plays an integral part in the effective functioning of public health systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distrust of public health fueled vaccine hesitancy and created additional barriers to immunization. Although most Americans have received at least one COVID-19 vaccine, the percentage of fully immunized adults remains suboptimal. To reach vaccine-hesitant communities, it is vital that public health be worthy of trust. As trusted members of their communities, community health workers (CHWs) can serve as ideal messengers and conversation partners for vaccination decision-making. We developed the Be REAL framework and training materials to prepare CHWs to work with vaccine-hesitant communities nationwide. Through the four steps of "Relate," "Explore," "Assist," and "Leave (the door open)," CHWs were taught to prioritize relationship building as a primary goal. In this shift from focusing on adherence to public health recommendations (e.g., get vaccinated) to building relationships, the value of vaccine uptake is secondary to the quality of the relationship being formed. The Be REAL framework facilitates CHWs harnessing the power they already possess. The goal of the Be REAL framework is to foster true partnership between CHWs and community members, which in turn can help increase trust in the broader public health system beyond adherence to a specific recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Characteristics Associated With Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Coverage and Exemptions After a School Immunization Law Change in Washington, 2019‐2020.
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Moore, Tyler, Graff, Katherine, and Bell, Teal R.
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VACCINATION policies , *MEDICAL protocols , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis , *MMR vaccines , *VACCINATION , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *PUBLIC sector , *HEALTH policy , *HELP-seeking behavior , *PARENT attitudes , *CHI-squared test , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *VACCINATION coverage , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ODDS ratio , *VACCINE hesitancy , *STUDENT health , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *STATISTICS , *PSYCHOLOGY of parents , *DATA analysis software , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *VACCINATION status ,SCHOOL health service laws - Abstract
BACKGROUND: We aimed to better understand the impact of statewide legislation removing personal belief exemptions (PBEs) for the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) school immunization requirement and factors associated with resulting health‐seeking behaviors. METHODS: We used chi‐squared tests and logistic regression models to determine individual‐ and school‐level characteristics associated with holding a MMR PBE and with post‐law MMR immunization status among students linked to the Washington State Immunization Information System. RESULTS: Of students with a MMR PBE pre‐law change, 43.0% completed the MMR vaccine series and 40.4% sought another exemption type. Religious exemptions made up most new MMR exemptions signed (71.8%), followed by medical exemptions (18.5%), and religious membership exemptions (9.7%). Students were more likely to complete the vaccine series post‐law change if they attended a school with a low school‐level MMR exemption rate, a public school, or held a lower number of school‐required immunization exemptions. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms previous concerns that parents might replace their PBE with another exemption type; however, nearly half the students in the cohort completed the MMR vaccine series. Our findings suggest that targeted immunization policies can increase MMR coverage 1‐year post‐law change but must account for a replacement effect when exemption categories are eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Health Behavior Model (HBM) and American's perceived health risks of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Montoya, Daniel A and Santhiveeran, Janaki
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MEDICAL protocols , *IMMUNIZATION , *CROSS-sectional method , *INCOME , *VACCINATION , *AT-risk people , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *COVID-19 vaccines , *PUBLIC opinion , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *AGE distribution , *WHITE people , *POPULATION geography , *QUANTITATIVE research , *JUDGMENT sampling , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *SURVEYS , *RACE , *HEALTH behavior , *MATHEMATICAL models , *RURAL population , *VACCINE hesitancy , *THEORY , *RISK perception , *HEALTH promotion , *COVID-19 , *COVID-19 pandemic , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *PREVENTIVE health services , *MEDIA exposure - Abstract
We assessed the perceived risks of COVID vaccines using a Health Belief Model (HBM) among the American public during the vaccination roll-out in the USA. We employed a retrospective study of 1,149 adults from the 2020 American National Election Studies surveys to assess the public's belief about the COVID-19 vaccine during the pandemic. The logistic regression analysis found several predictors of perceived health risks of the COVID vaccine. For urban/suburban residents, having higher education, being older, being White, and having higher income emerged as protective factors. People with these characteristics are less likely to perceive the COVID vaccine as risky. Also, higher use of Twitter emerged as a protective factor for residents from urban/suburban regions. However, residents from rural/small towns who use Facebook often are more likely to perceive the COVID vaccine as risky. Perceived risks of vaccination are high among Facebook users of residents from rural/small towns and low among Twitter users among residents from urban/suburban areas. The authors identified several protective factors: being educated, older, economically well-off, and White. The authors propose interventions to reduce perceived risks and vaccine hesitancy among vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Is Covid-19 "vaccine uptake" in postsecondary education a "problem"? A critical policy inquiry.
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Chaufan, Claudia
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UNDERGRADUATE programs , *VACCINATION mandates , *COVID-19 vaccines , *AGE distribution , *VACCINATION promotion , *POLICY science research , *VACCINE hesitancy , *COLLEGE students , *COMORBIDITY - Abstract
Since the launch of the Covid-19 global vaccination campaign, postsecondary institutions have strongly promoted vaccination, often through mandates, and the academic literature has identified "vaccine uptake" among postsecondary students as a problem deserving monitoring, research, and intervention. However, with the admission that vaccines do not stop viral spread, that older-age and co-morbidities are major determinants of poor outcomes, and that many vaccine side effects disproportionately affect the young, it cannot be assumed that a risk-benefit analysis favors vaccinating postsecondary students. Drawing from critical policy studies, I appraise the literature on Covid-19 vaccine uptake in postsecondary education. I find that this literature reflects the "scientific consensus," hardly acknowledging contradictory medical evidence, ignoring coercive elements underlying "vaccine acceptance," and neglecting ethical tensions built into the very design of vaccination policies. I discuss potential explanations for my findings, and their implications for academia's role in society in the COVID-19 era and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. The inflexible mind: A critical factor in understanding and addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Pellegrini, L., Clarke, A., Fineberg, N.A., and Laws, K.R.
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VACCINE hesitancy , *COVID-19 pandemic , *CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics) , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has gained heightened relevance amid the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the urgency of understanding its determinants. This study explores the association between Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy, mental health variables and inflexible thinking. A convenience sample of 252 UK adults was assessed online between June 2021–July 2022 (when Covid-19 lockdown restrictions had finally eased). We assessed participants using the Oxford Covid Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (OCVHS), various aspects of mental health, using: the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), and finally, performance on a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task (WCST). This study was preregistered at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/xd5wz). Multiple regression analyses showed that only cognitive inflexibility, and specifically the WCST item of perseverative errors, significantly predicted vaccine hesitancy. Our exploratory analysis provides the first evidence that cognitive inflexibility, measured using an objective task, is an independent risk-factor for vaccine hesitancy. Public health strategies should consider the impact of an inflexible thinking style on the decision-making of those most at risk of vaccine hesitancy and adapt interventions accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Editorial: An autism case series, vaccine hesitancy, and death by measles.
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Fombonne, Eric
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IMMUNIZATION , *LIFESTYLES , *HERD immunity , *AUTISM , *MEASLES , *LIFE expectancy , *VACCINE refusal , *SUBACUTE sclerosing panencephalitis , *HYGIENE , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *VACCINE hesitancy , *MMRV vaccine , *ASPERGER'S syndrome , *VACCINES , *NUTRITION , *MEDICAL care costs , *VACCINATION status - Published
- 2024
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17. Vaccine Hesitancy and the Accumulation of Distrust.
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Decoteau, Claire Laurier and Sweet, Paige L
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VACCINE hesitancy , *RACE , *SOCIAL influence , *TRUST , *SUSPICION - Abstract
Scholarship on vaccine hesitancy portrays racially marginalized populations as undervaccinated, undereducated, or under the influence of social movements. However, these explanations cannot account for vaccine hesitancy among the Somali diaspora in Minneapolis. Drawing on interviews with Somali parents and health, education, and government professionals in Minneapolis, we argue that vaccine hesitancy among marginalized populations stems from accumulated distrust. Somalis' distrust is relationally produced through their interactions with the healthcare system, where they experience both epistemic and corporeal harm. When health experts ignore Somalis' history, knowledge, and embodied experiences, distrust accumulates. Our account reveals different expressions of vaccine hesitancy, thus highlighting the contingent, relational, and cumulative nature of distrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Re-Routing Persuasion: How Conversion Messages Boost Attitudes and Reduce Resistance Among Holdouts Unvaccinated for COVID-19.
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Conlin, Jeff, Kumble, Sushma, Baker, Michelle, and Shen, Fuyuan
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MATHEMATICAL variables , *STATISTICAL correlation , *CONVERSATION , *RESEARCH funding , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *VACCINATION , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *COVID-19 vaccines , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *ANALYSIS of covariance , *RELATIVE medical risk , *CHI-squared test , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *SURVEYS , *VACCINE hesitancy , *MATHEMATICAL models , *STATISTICS , *RESEARCH , *TEXT messages , *FACTOR analysis , *PUBLIC health , *THEORY , *PRACTICAL politics , *VACCINATION status , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
This study examined the persuasive effects of two-sided refutational conversion messages compared to one-sided advocacy messages in increasing pro-COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and reducing resistance to getting vaccinated among U.S. adults who self-reported as unvaccinated. Results showed that main effects of conversion messages led to significantly higher attitudes but failed to directly reduce resistance toward vaccination. Predicted mediation effects between conversion messages and the dependent variables were found for homophily but were not supported for argument strength. Significant group differences were detected between participants who self-reported as high or low in vaccine hesitancy, for structural equation models that significantly and indirectly led to decreased resistance. Findings show the potential for two-sided conversion messages to be used by public health message designers to affect pro-health outcomes. Implications and limitations of these results and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. The Social Contagion Potential of Pro-Vaccine Messages on Black Twitter.
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Grabe, Maria Elizabeth, Brown, Danielle K., Ochieng, Jimmy, Bryden, John, Robinson, Ranada D., Ahn, Yong-Yeol, Moss, Alana, and Wang, Wei
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SOCIAL media , *AFRICAN Americans , *RESEARCH funding , *FOCUS groups , *T-test (Statistics) , *VACCINATION , *HOSPITAL care , *COVID-19 vaccines , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *ANALYSIS of variance , *VACCINE hesitancy , *HEALTH promotion , *COVID-19 , *THOUGHT & thinking , *VACCINATION status ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Black Americans in the US not only suffered from disproportionately high hospitalization and death rates throughout the pandemic but also from the consequences of low COVID-19 vaccination rates. This pattern of disparity is linked to distrust of public health systems that originates from a history of medical atrocities committed against Black people. For that reason, mitigation of race-based inequity in COVID-19 impacts might find more success in grassroots information contagion than official public health campaigns. While Black Twitter is well-positioned as a conduit for such information contagion, little is known about message characteristics that would afford it. Here, we tested the impact of four different message frames (personalization, interactive, fear appeal, neutral) on the social contagion potential of bi-modal social media messages promoting COVID-19 vaccinations and finding personalized messages to be the most shareable. Wary of recommending personalization as the blueprint for setting a social contagion health campaign in motion, we probed further to understand the influence of individual-level variables on the communicability of personalized messages. Subsequently, regression models and focus group data were consulted, revealing that thinking styles, vaccine confidence levels, and attitudes toward social media were significant factors of influence on the contagion potential of personalized messages. We discussed the implications of these results for health campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancies: A Spanish-Language Focus Group Analysis in Texas.
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Chatterjee, Karishma, Markham Shaw, Charla, Brannon, Grace Ellen, Jang, Chyng-Yang, Christie, Thomas Bryan, Rodriguez, Juliann, and Sinta, Vinicio
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SOCIAL media , *FOCUS groups , *RESEARCH funding , *VACCINATION , *INTERVIEWING , *COVID-19 vaccines , *INFORMATION resources , *MISINFORMATION , *CHURCH buildings , *UNCERTAINTY , *JUDGMENT sampling , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *MULTILINGUALISM , *THEMATIC analysis , *VACCINE hesitancy , *METROPOLITAN areas , *SPANISH language , *RESEARCH methodology , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *HEALTH Belief Model , *HOSPITAL pharmacies , *ACCESS to information - Abstract
COVID-19 related health disparities are prevalent among higher risk populations like the Hispanic community. Vaccination is one readily available public health tool, yet vaccine uptake is lower among minority populations and hesitations and concerns are high. In the present study, interpersonal and media sources of information about COVID-19 were discussed in a series of six focus groups with Spanish-language dominant and bilingual English-Spanish respondents in a large metropolitan area in Texas. Participants reported using legacy media as a main source of information about COVID-19 vaccines and encountered conspiracy theories and misinformation on social media. Using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical lens, we found individuals' and family members' perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 played a part in participants wanting to find and get the vaccine. Provider recommendations may have served as cues to action. Ease of receiving the vaccines at church and pharmacies may have served to boost participants self-efficacy. Perceived barriers include vaccine specific reasons such as the fast pace of initial authorization, side effects, and long-term effects along with conspiracy theories. Prevailing information gaps regarding the COVID-19 vaccines and the resulting uncertainty are discussed. Understanding information sources and the trust Hispanic communities place in these sources is important in designing effective health messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Straight from the horse's mouth: communicating the gist of mRNA vaccines.
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Brace, Wylie and Wolfe, Christopher R.
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COVID-19 pandemic , *VACCINE hesitancy , *MESSENGER RNA , *WEBSITES , *VACCINATION - Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important for people to be able to comprehend information about mRNA vaccination. Moderna and Pfizer were two of the largest distributors of mRNA vaccinations, and their websites provided information about how mRNA vaccinations work. Applying the tenets of Fuzzy-trace Theory (FTT), we calculated Gist Inference Scores (GIS) to assess the extent to which texts taken from Moderna and Pfizer websites facilitate gist comprehension. We then rewrote the Moderna and Pfizer texts to increase GIS and tested their ability to facilitate a reader's understanding of how mRNA vaccinations work. We conducted two experiments in which participants read original Moderna and Pfizer texts, a High GIS-version presenting the same content, or control texts on unrelated topics. Findings indicate that the High GIS-version increased comprehension. We conclude that this theory-driven approach can help subject-matter experts better communicate important information, allowing readers to "get the gist" of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates and Associated Meningitis Events in Patients With Acute Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak.
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Lamore III, Raymond F., Kafisheh, Hannah, and Mangan, Lauren E.
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IMMUNIZATION , *PATIENTS , *ACUTE diseases , *CEREBROSPINAL fluid leak , *MENINGITIS , *HOSPITAL admission & discharge , *PNEUMOCOCCAL meningitis , *EVALUATION of medical care , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *VACCINE hesitancy - Abstract
Objective: To characterize the institutional utilization of pneumococcal vaccination during an index hospital admission for acute cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and associated infectious and clinical outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients hospitalized and treated for an acute CSF leak from January 2017 to June 2022. The primary outcome evaluated the incidence of pneumococcal vaccination during the index admission in patients without prior vaccination. Secondary outcomes evaluated the incidence of meningitis, time from CSF leak identification to meningitis, and mortality within 1 year of the index admission. Results: A total of 94 patients were included. Nineteen (20.2%) patients received pneumococcal vaccination prior to admission. Of the 75 patients without prior vaccination, 4 (5.3%) patients received vaccination during the admission. Meningitis occurred in 5/94 (5.3%) patients and occurred 4-24 days from CSF leak identification. Mortality was observed in 9/94 (9.6%) patients. None of the meningitis cases were attributed to culture-positive findings of pneumococcal disease. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate an overall low institutional utilization of pneumococcal vaccination in patients with an acute CSF leak. Infectious and clinical outcomes reflected comparable to previous reported literature. Further evaluation into the risk-benefit relationship of vaccination omission is warranted in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Why do people doubt vaccines? Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Turkey.
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Engin, Ceylan and Akkoç, S. Sena
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VACCINE hesitancy , *ANTI-vaccination movement , *HEALTH facilities , *COVID-19 vaccines , *TRUST , *CONSPIRACY theories - Abstract
This study examines how COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is influenced by institutional trust, conspiracy theory beliefs, and political and religious values using novel data from the 2022 Turkish COVID-19 Values Study (TCVS). We find that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is widespread in Turkey. While 7.75% of the participants did not receive any COVID-19 vaccination, 4.51% received only one dose. Moreover, 16.09% of the population does not intend to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the future, whereas another 35.14% show indecision on this topic. Our findings demonstrate that greater belief in conspiracy theories, higher distrust in political and health institutions, and lower religiosity lead to greater COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Turkey. The results of our study imply that the national government and local municipalities need to readopt vaccine outreach efforts and disseminate trusted vaccination information in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Opt‐out vaccination in school and daycare: Reconciling parental authority and obligations.
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Andersen, Didde Boisen and Pedersen, Viki Møller Lyngby
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IMMUNIZATION , *MEDICAL protocols , *SCHOOLS , *HEALTH policy , *DECISION making , *SOCIAL responsibility , *RESEARCH bias , *VACCINE hesitancy , *CHILD care , *PSYCHOLOGY of parents , *COGNITION , *CHILDREN - Abstract
An increasing vaccine hesitancy among parents, which has resulted in insufficient rates of immunization, provides reason to reconsider childhood vaccination practices. Studies suggest that parents' decision‐making process concerning whether to vaccinate their child is highly influenced by cognitive biases. These biases can be utilized to increase vaccination uptake via changes in the choice context. This article considers childhood vaccination programmes, which involve children being vaccinated in school or daycare unless their parents actively 'opt out'. We suggest that such programmes reconcile parents' decisional authority and vaccination duties. First, opt‐out childhood vaccination based in schools or daycare centres are not disrespectful of parental authority. Second, the programme aligns the default setting with a moral obligation to vaccinate one's child that most parents have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Unwelcome return: analyzing the recent rise of measles cases in the United States.
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Kumar, Siddharth, Singh, Surender, Bansal, Vasu, Gupta, Vasu, and Jain, Rohit
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Measles is a highly contagious viral illness mainly affecting the younger population worldwide despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. The disease is caused by measles virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridea family, which is transmitted through aerosols and respiratory droplets. Widespread vaccination has led to a significant decline in morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, recent years have witnessed a resurgence of outbreaks in the United States, highlighting barriers in achieving and sustaining elimination goals. The measles and rubella elimination initiative, under Immunization Agenda 2030, required at least 5 World Health Organization regions to achieve measles elimination by 2020, but none of the regions met these goals. Vaccine hesitancy, virus importation via international travel, and waning immunity are considered contributing factors to the recent surge of measles outbreaks. This review highlights the challenges in the pursuit of measles eradication and the importance of a multidimensional approach involving public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. The workup process of vaccination in IBD patients needs a change—Insights from a multinational survey.
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Abreu, Candida, Monteiro, Carolina, Santiago, Mafalda, Sarmento, Antonio, and Magro, Fernando
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Immunosuppressive medications play a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but increase susceptibility to infections, underlining the importance of vaccination. Nevertheless, vaccination rates are often low. This study assessed the perspective of gastroenterologists (GEs) on vaccination of IBD patients. An online survey was applied to GEs worldwide, from 10/2022 to 06/2023. The 271 respondents considered vaccination important, however, 26 % never/rarely prescribed vaccines and 60 % admitted having limited or no confidence on managing their side effects - GEs practicing in Europe, male and older more often felt capable of this. Female and younger participants were more aware of the need to alter the current workflow in vaccination. Some respondents proposed to delegate the responsibility of vaccination to general practitioners, nurses in gastroenterology units, or infectious diseases specialists, but 19 % considered that no change was needed. Overall, the importance of addressing vaccine hesitancy, providing flyers to patients, and implementing vaccine guidelines were consensually recognized. The data indicated that the vaccination process needs reformulation and that different opinions/attitudes toward vaccines are influenced by demographic factors, workplace characteristics, affiliation, and teaching activities. Delegating the responsibility of vaccination and adopting a multidisciplinary approach seem like effective strategies to increase vaccination coverage among IBD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Wellness communities and vaccine hesitancy.
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Daubs, Michael S.
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VACCINE refusal ,DISINFORMATION ,AFFECT (Psychology) ,REASONING ,HEALTH - Abstract
This article articulates the intersection of wellness communities and anti-vaccine ('anti-vax') groups to demonstrate how vaccine misinformation and pseudoscience can propagate. This misinformation is often pushed by wellness influencers. One recent example is wellness figure Pete Evans, a celebrity chef and self-described 'qualified health coach'. By 2020, however, Evans had developed anti-vax views and began to promote fake COVID cures, anti-vax misinformation, and COVID conspiracy theories from QAnon. This contribution examines this overlap to demonstrate how wellness influencers spread misinformation that fuel vaccine hesitancy. Evans is just one example; journalists have reported on yoga teachers in California protesting against lockdowns and on wellness influencers claiming that a '"shadowy cabal" of scientists and companies' were responsible for COVID. These examples demonstrate how community intersections can amplify misinformation, pseudoscience and anti-vax views to a motivated and highly receptive audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Using visualization technique to communicate the conceptual structure of SARS-CoV-2 to multidisciplinary audience and lessons from the pandemic for future preparedness.
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Akpan, Ikpe Justice, McEnroe-Petitte, Denise M., Aguolu, Obianuju Genevieve, Kobara, Yawo, and Ezeume, Izuchukwu C.
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COVID-19 pandemic ,VACCINE hesitancy ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,PUBLIC opinion ,VISUAL analytics - Abstract
Several publications on the concept and structure of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 over the past three years target medical and biomedical scientists, and rightly so, as experts in search of solutions made efforts to understand the molecular structure of the coronavirus. The multidisciplinary audience who needs help understanding the scientific discourse and the complexity of SARS-CoV-2 is left to guess in the dark. Studies show that a lack of proper understanding of the pandemic can have several consequences, including accepting conspiracy theories, misinformation, negative attitudes against public health safety measures, and the COVID-19 vaccine hesitation. This study uses metadata extracted from published documents on the concepts and structure of COVID-19 indexed on the Web of Science between 2020 to 2021 to create an abstract visual metaphor about the pandemic. Based on the cognitive connection theory, we develop a model and visualization that explains the conceptual structure of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 for the non-biomedical multidisciplinary audience. The visual analytics highlights the concepts, characteristics, and interrelationships on a network map, connecting some past viral/coronavirus pandemics and epidemics, particularly H1N1, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. The conceptual model and visualization generate insight and understanding of the ongoing pandemic for multidisciplinary audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Intern nursing students' experiences in the COVID-19 vaccination unit and views on the COVID-19 vaccine: A phenomenological qualitative study.
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Topçu, Sevcan and Emlek Sert, Zuhal
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PSYCHOLOGY of college students ,IMMUNIZATION ,WORK ,QUALITATIVE research ,FOCUS groups ,VACCINATION ,INTERVIEWING ,VACCINE effectiveness ,RESPONSIBILITY ,COVID-19 vaccines ,CONFIDENCE ,JUDGMENT sampling ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EXPERIENCE ,STUDENTS ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,THEMATIC analysis ,SOUND recordings ,RESEARCH methodology ,TRUST ,EPIDEMICS ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,VACCINE hesitancy ,BACCALAUREATE nursing education ,STUDENT attitudes ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,MOTHER-child relationship ,COMPARATIVE studies ,COVID-19 ,NURSING students ,HOSPITAL wards ,EXPERIENTIAL learning - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Improving acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among nursing students is an important strategy for both preventing infection and building public confidence in the vaccine. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the views of intern nursing students on the COVID-19 vaccine and to evaluate their experiences in the COVID-19 vaccination unit. METHODS: This was a phenomenological qualitative study with a descriptive design. The 46 intern nursing students included in this study were all trained in the COVID-19 vaccination unit. The data was collected at focus group interviews conducted during June 2021 and October 2021. RESULTS: The mean age of intern nursing students was 22.78±0.91. From the focus group interviews, two themes were identified regarding the views of intern nursing students on the COVID-19 vaccine and their experiences in the COVID-19 vaccination unit: Theme 1. Positive views; Theme 2. Negative views. Intern nursing students described that they trust the COVID-19 vaccine and believe in its protection. Intern nursing students who performed their clinical practices in COVID-19 vaccination unit stated that they realized their responsibilities toward patients and the community. CONCLUSIONS: From the INSs' point of view, confidence in the vaccine, responsibility towards patients, their families and the community, and VU practice experience, the health risk associated with COVID-19 positively affected their decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The participation of intern nursing students in clinical practice during the pandemic influenced both intern nursing students and population in terms of the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Expanding community-academic collaborations to improve COVID-19 vaccination: A rural-focused COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
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Luke, Elizabeth, Allis, Nicholas, Cameron, Daniel, Caldwell, Leah, and Stewart, Telisa
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Background: Rural populations in the USA demonstrate a high degree of vaccine hesitancy, particularly surrounding COVID-19 vaccines. Objectives: Following the successful implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination campaign with a rural-based health system in New York state, the goal of this project was to develop a large community–academic partnership with multiple rural-based community organisations to implement an additional COVID-19 vaccination campaign tailored to rural audiences. Methods: Campaign materials were created and refined with several collaborators across multiple rural-based hospitals, health centres and community organisations. Campaign effectiveness was examined through an analysis of New York state vaccination data. Lessons learned: This project shows that larger community–academic partnerships involving multiple organisations can be achieved and utilised to address complex public health issues such as vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: Larger and longer-term community–academic partnerships can be leveraged to combat a wide range of public health issues and enable a personalised focus on specific communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Gay and Bisexual Men's Perceptions about a Potential HIV Vaccine within a Post-COVID-19 Era: A Qualitative Study.
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D'Angelo, Alexa B., Dearolf, Michelle H., MacMartin, Jennifer, Elder, Mathew, Nash, Denis, Golub, Sarit A., and Grov, Christian
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HIV prevention ,ALTRUISM ,RISK assessment ,VACCINE development ,RESEARCH funding ,QUALITATIVE research ,PROXY ,OPTIMISM ,GAY men ,VACCINATION ,INTERVIEWING ,HUMAN sexuality ,VACCINE effectiveness ,COVID-19 vaccines ,MEN who have sex with men ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,THEMATIC analysis ,PRE-exposure prophylaxis ,VACCINE hesitancy ,MEDICAL coding ,TRUST ,CONDOMS ,BISEXUAL people ,AIDS vaccines ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
To end the HIV epidemic, there is need for targeted strategies to reduce HIV incidence for those most vulnerable, including an HIV vaccine. This study seeks to understand the perceptions that non-PrEP using gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) have about a potential HIV vaccine, while contextualizing their perspectives within the context of heightened vaccine hesitancy that has emerged since the COVID-19 pandemic. Between March and May of 2022, GBMSM (N = 20) participated in in-depth interviews, which assessed their perceptions about an HIV vaccine. Interviews were analysed using a codebook approach to thematic analysis. We oversampled for those unvaccinated against COVID-19 as a proxy for vaccine hesitation. Participants expressed a range of enthusiastic support, cautious optimism and skepticism when presented with the possibility of an HIV vaccine. Factors that drove willingness to receive an HIV vaccine included community-oriented altruism, individualized risk-benefit assessment, and/or the perception that a vaccine could provide a beneficial shift in sexual experiences. Participants also expressed hesitations about receiving an HIV vaccine, including concerns about potential side-effects and efficacy, as well as mistrust in the vaccine development process. Notably, participants often evaluated the vaccine in comparison to PrEP and condoms. Participants offered specific insights into information they would like to receive about an HIV and where/how they would like to receive it. Our findings can help inform future HIV vaccine implementation efforts by offering insights into the factors that motivate and deter GBMSM to receive an HIV vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Vaccine hesitancy in patients with solid tumors: a cross-sectional single-center survey.
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Lasagna, Angioletta, Alessio, Niccolò, Gambini, Giulia, Klersy, Catherine, Monaco, Teresa, Corallo, Salvatore, Cicognini, Daniela, and Pedrazzoli, Paolo
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VACCINE hesitancy , *VACCINATION status , *HERPES zoster , *CANCER vaccines , *PHYSICIANS - Abstract
Background: Vaccination rates are still suboptimal in cancer patients. Oncologists play a central role in recommending vaccines to their patients. Our goal was to investigate vaccine acceptance among cancer patients and understand the factors shaping their choices, thereby aiding physicians in better supporting their patients' vaccination decisions. Methods: We designed a prospective cross-sectional survey exploring vaccination status, attitudes, and reasons for hesitancy towards vaccinations against the main vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) among patients undergoing active cancer treatment. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the proportion of vaccinated subjects in our cohort of cancer patients. The secondary endpoints were to assess the proportion of vaccinated subjects against different types of VPDs: flu, COVID-19, pneumococcal disease, Herpes Zoster (HZ). Results: Between 12 February and 01 March 2024, a total of three hundred and seventeen patients with cancer were invited to respond to the survey, 309 of whom (97%) agreed to do it. Two hundred seventy-three patients (0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.91) had received at least one vaccination. Two hundred thirty-one patients (74.76%) reported that at their first oncology visit their oncologist recommended vaccinations, primarily anti-flu (92.21%) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 (83.55%) vaccinations, while less frequently the anti-pneumococcal (42.42%) and anti-HZ (37%) vaccines were recommended. On the univariate analysis, age over 75 years (p = 0.041), marital status (p = 0.003) and the oncologist's vaccine recommendation during the first visit (p < 0.001) were significantly associated to vaccine acceptance. At the multivariable analysis, these variables were independently associated with vaccine willingness. Overall in our cancer population, the two main reasons for vaccine hesitancy were the lack of recommendation by the oncologist (55.41%, n = 128) and the lack of awareness of the importance of vaccination in the context of oncological care (49.35%, n = 114). Conclusions: This survey emphasizes the importance of vaccine counseling by the oncologist to their patients. Oncologists can motivate patients to receive the correct vaccine schedule by addressing doubts and concerns about the potential negative impact of the vaccine on cancer and cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance based on the novel Omale INDEPT FORCIS Framework and recommendations for subsequent pandemics: a qualitative study among community members in Ebonyi state, Nigeria.
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Omale, Ugwu I., Adeke, Azuka S., Oka, Onyinyechukwu U., Ikegwuonu, Cordis O., Iyare, Osarhiemen, Nnachi, Olaedo O., Uduma, Victor U., Amuzie, Chidinma I., Nkwo, Glory E., Nwali, Ugochi I. A., Ukpabi, Okechukwu O., Okeke, Ifeyinwa M., and Ewah, Richard L.
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PREVENTION of epidemics , *HEALTH literacy , *HEALTH systems agencies , *MEDICAL protocols , *QUALITATIVE research , *SATISFACTION , *COMPULSIVE behavior , *FOCUS groups , *PATIENT safety , *DISINFORMATION , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *VACCINATION , *HEALTH policy , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *COVID-19 vaccines , *PANDEMIC preparedness , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CONFIDENCE , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *THEMATIC analysis , *DISCUSSION , *FAMILY attitudes , *STAY-at-home orders , *WORLD health , *VACCINE hesitancy , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *COMMUNICATION , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *HEALTH promotion , *COVID-19 , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *GOVERNMENT regulation - Abstract
Background: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has become an endemic disease of global public health importance. Mass COVID-19 vaccination has been an essential global control strategy amidst challenges of limited acceptance. Because of globalization, COVID-19/similar diseases vaccination acceptance and the determinants in any particular setting are important global public health issues. Using a novel and pragmatic framework, this study explored determinants of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among community members during the pandemic in Ebonyi state, Nigeria, and made policy-relevant recommendations on how to increase vaccination acceptance in subsequent outbreaks/pandemics. Methods: This qualitative study was based on the novel and pragmatic Individual Experiences and Perceptions and Complacency, Confidence, Convenience, and Compulsion (Four 'Cis') Determinants of Vaccination Acceptance Conceptual Framework – Omale INDEPT FORCIS Framework. On April 26 and 27, 2022, 20 semi-structured face-to-face focus group discussions were conducted in local language and pidgin English with 100 purposively selected consenting/assenting community members aged 15 years and above who had resided in the community for at least one year. Data was analysed using deductive (with some inductive) thematic analytic approach. Results: The many, diverse, and significant determinants of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance found were factors that were individual-related (individual experiences and perceptions and knowledge about COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccine/vaccination, and the vaccination process/system, sociodemographic, individual's condition (e.g. pregnancy)); COVID-19-related (factuality, transmissibility, frequency, severity, fatality); COVID-19 vaccine/vaccination-related (safety/side-effects, effectiveness, speedy production); COVID-19 vaccination process/system-related (real availability/accessibility); family, group, and other individual-related (experiences and perceptions and actions); and broader local, national, international, and global (LONING) context-related (socio-political, economic, historic, health system factors). The broader LONING contextual factors included the unprecedented disinformation/conspiracy theories, non-sustained COVID-19 risk/behaviour change communication, enforcement and non-enforcement or termination of peculiar control policies/measures (lockdowns, social/physical distancing, use of face mask etc.), mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policies, provision of incentives, past experiences regarding the Ebola viral disease outbreak, (un)trustworthiness of the Nigerian health system and her international/global partners, and the (un)trustworthiness of the governments in Nigeria and bad/good governance, inclusive of the failure of the Ebonyi state government to distribute the COVID-19 palliatives to the people during the lockdowns. Conclusion: The evidence illuminates complex and interrelated, specific underlying, and peculiar policy-relevant LONING determinants of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and emphasizes the need for concerted and comprehensive LONING strategies (involving all the relevant LONING stakeholders/policy makers) in addressing these determinants to increase vaccination acceptance among community members in subsequent outbreaks/pandemics in Ebonyi state/Nigeria and similar settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Vaccine hesitancy: a structured review from a behavioral perspective (2015–2022).
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Acharya, Shruti, Aechtner, Thomas, Dhir, Sanjay, and Venaik, Sunil
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VACCINE hesitancy , *HEALTH attitudes , *COVID-19 pandemic , *WORLD health , *VACCINATION - Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy, a complex behavioral phenomenon, poses a significant global health threat and has gained renewed attention amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper scrutinized peer-reviewed literature on vaccine hesitancy published from 2015 to 2022, with a specific focus on behavioral perspectives, utilizing a Theories-Constructs-Variables-Contexts-Methods (TCVCM) framework. The study highlighted prominent theoretical approaches, abstract concepts, research variables, global contexts and academic techniques employed across a selected sample of 138 studies. The result is a consolidated overview of research and schematization of the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behaviors. These include individual-level, contextual, vaccine-specific, organizational, and public-policy-related dynamics. The findings corroborated the complexity of vaccine hesitancy and emphasized the difficulties of pursuing vaccine advocacy. The analysis also identified several directions for future research, and the need to conduct more contextual studies in low- and middle-income nations to bring out the cross-cultural nuances of vaccine hesitancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Literacy and Hesitancy of Elderly Czechs: An Analysis Using the 5C Model of Psychological Antecedents.
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Riad, Abanoub, Truksová, Veronika, and Koščík, Michal
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VACCINATION status ,VACCINATION coverage ,VACCINE hesitancy ,INFLUENZA vaccines ,SEASONAL influenza ,HEALTH literacy - Abstract
Objectives: Seasonal influenza vaccination rates among the elderly in the Czech Republic are alarmingly low, making it one of the least vaccinated countries in Europe. This study explored the role of vaccine literacy and insurance coverage on vaccination status. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Summer 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire covering vaccine literacy (functional, interactive, and critical skills), negative perceptions towards influenza vaccination, and the 5C model (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility). Individuals aged 55 and older were included in the study. Mediation analyses assessed the indirect effects of insurance coverage on vaccination status. Results: Significant differences were noted in vaccination rates based on insurance coverage, chronic diseases, regular medication use, and previous COVID-19 and pneumococcal vaccinations. Vaccine literacy, especially interactive and critical skills, was higher among vaccinated individuals. Confidence and collective responsibility were significant promoters, while complacency and constraints were barriers to vaccination. Mediation analyses indicated that negative perceptions, confidence, and collective responsibility significantly mediated the relationship between insurance coverage and vaccination status. Conclusion: Enhancing vaccine literacy and addressing psychological antecedents are crucial for improving influenza vaccination rates among the elderly. Policy measures should include improving vaccine literacy, building public confidence, and addressing negative perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Trends and predictors of full immunization coverage in Nigeria.
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Olufadewa, Isaac, Adesina, Miracle, Oladele, Ruth, Shonubi, Adefunke, Bamidele, Dideoluwa, and Obigwe, Elizabeth
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IMMUNIZATION , *HEALTH services accessibility , *COMMUNITY health services , *PREDICTION models , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *HEALTH policy , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *VACCINATION coverage , *WORLD health , *ODDS ratio , *STATISTICS , *VACCINE hesitancy , *RURAL conditions , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *DATA analysis software , *HEALTH promotion , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Background: Immunization plays a significant role in global health, yet many children in Nigeria do not receive full immunization due to several influencing factors. Therefore, this study examined the trends in Nigeria's full immunization coverage and identified key predictors that influence full coverage. Methods: The data for children aged one to five years, across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria was retrieved from the 2007, 2011, 2016/17, and 2021 national Multiple Indicator Cluster surveys We analyzed the data using univariate logistic regression. Results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: The results showed that 12,229 children (74.2%) had been fully immunized. The trend of immunization coverage was 63.6%, 82%, 63.7%, and 76.4% in 2007, 2011, 2016/17, and 2021 respectively. Children of educated mothers (aOR: 2.6; 95% CI 1.45, 4.76) and from the richest families (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI 1.41, 3.11), were more likely to be fully immunized. Conversely, children in rural areas (aOR: 0.6; 95% CI 0.42, 0.81) and from families of more than five (aOR: 0.6; 95% CI 0.46, 0.81) were less likely to be fully immunized. Conclusion: As of 2021, the rate of full immunization coverage in Nigeria was 76.4%, an improvement from the low 2003 rate (12.3%). Maternal education and wealth index are significant sociodemographic determinants for full immunization coverage. Adopting policies that improve access to education for females nationally and access to healthcare, especially in rural areas may significantly increase full immunization coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Behaviorally informed digital campaigns and their association with social media engagement and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Belize.
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Daga, Giuliana, Kossuth, Lajos, Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Lopez Boo, Florencia, and Largaespada Beer, Natalia
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VACCINATION complications , *VACCINE effectiveness , *VACCINE hesitancy , *VACCINATION status , *VACCINE safety - Abstract
Background: Increasing vaccination coverage was key to curbing the COVID-19 pandemic globally. However, lack of trust in the vaccine and fear of side effects in regions like the Caribbean resulted in a low uptake despite enough vaccine supply. Methods: We conducted two correlational analyses and one experiment between five sequential behaviorally informed Facebook campaigns, social media performance outcomes, and district-level vaccination data. First, we ran multivariate linear regression models to estimate the mean differences between the campaigns in (i) social media performance ("Clicks" and "Engagement") and (ii) COVID-19 vaccination uptake at the district level. "Clicks" were measured by the number of people who clicked on the respective Facebook advert and visited the official vaccination site. "Engagements" were the number of people interacting with the advert through likes and emojis. Second, we took advantage of the experimental design during one of the campaigns to analyze the differential effect of messages conveying information about the number of people reporting vaccination side effects using words ("Few"/ "Majority) and numbers ("3 out of 100 ") on social media performance. Results: The correlational analysis showed that the number of "Clicks" and "Engagement" was similar among campaigns, except for the campaign focusing on vaccines' effectiveness, which had 14.65 less clicks and 19.52 less engagements per advert (including controls and district-fixed effects) compared to the base "It's safe" campaign. Vaccination rates were highest at times coinciding with campaigns focusing on vaccination safety and effectiveness. Our experimental results showed that informational messages related to side effects that were framed using words ("Majority did not report discomfort"/ "Few persons reported discomfort") were better at generating "Clicks" compared to those using numbers ("3 out of 100 reported discomforts"). Conclusions: Facebook adverts highlighting vaccine safety had a similar level of social media performance as other campaigns, except for adverts focusing on vaccine efficacy, which performed worse. Communicating side-effect information with words instead of numbers can expand social media interest in low-uptake regions like the Caribbean. Our results serve as preliminary evidence for public health officials to encourage vaccine uptake in high-hesitancy contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Prevalence of caregiver hesitancy for vaccinations in children and its associated factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Maamor, Nur Hasnah, Muhamad, Nor Asiah, Mohd Dali, Nor Soleha, Leman, Fatin Norhasny, Rosli, Izzah Athirah, Tengku Bahrudin Shah, Tengku Puteri Nadiah, Jamalluddin, Nurul Hidayah, Misnan, Nurul Syazwani, Mohamad, Zuraifah Asrah, Bakon, Sophia Karen, Mutalip, Mohd Hatta Abdul, Hassan, Muhammad Radzi Abu, and Lai, Nai Ming
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CAREGIVERS , *VACCINE hesitancy , *VACCINATION of children , *VACCINE safety , *MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
This review aimed to systematically compare and pool the prevalence of all the known evidence on caregiver hesitancy and to describe the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among caregiver worldwide such as COVID-19, MMR, Influenza, HPV and others. We searched article from few electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, ProQuest, and Web of Science) from inception to August 2023 using specific keywords for example caregiver, parents, prevalence, factor, hesitancy, and others. We included population-based studies that reported the prevalence of caregiver hesitancy. We used random-effects meta-analyses for pool prevalence estimates of caregiver hesitancy. A total of 765 studies met our inclusion criteria, containing data on 38,210,589 caregivers from seven regions across the globe. Overall or pool prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among caregiver is 25.0% (95% CI: 0.22–0.27, I2 = 99.91%, p = 0.001). Based on the evidence gathered, vaccine hesitancy was found to be religious sentiments, personal beliefs, perceived safety concerns, and a desire for more information from healthcare providers, along with factors related to availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of vaccinations. Vaccine safety and efficiency have been identified as the main factor for caregiver vaccine hesitancy globally with a prevalence of 91.4%. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022331629. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022331629. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Effects of religion, politics and distance to providers on HPV vaccine attitudes and intentions of parents in rural Utah.
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Lee, Abigail A., Skyles, Ty J., Jensen, Jamie L., Ord, Brandon, Davis, Spencer C., East, Matthew J., Asay, A. Eli, Obray, Acelan M., Syndergaard, Tess, Davis, Tyler, Nielson, Bryce U., Larson, Ruth J., Miner, Dashiell S., Hinton, Kaitlyn, Zentz, Lydia, Busacker, Lydia, and Poole, Brian D.
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HEALTH attitudes , *VACCINE hesitancy , *ATTITUDES toward sex , *VACCINATION of children , *CONFIRMATORY factor analysis - Abstract
Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes an estimated 300,000 high grade cervical dysplasias and 36,000 preventable cancers each year in the United States alone. Despite having a safe, effective and long lasting vaccine since 2006, the rate of uptake has been suboptimal, particularly in rural areas. In 2020, Utah ranked near last in teenage HPV vaccination rates with rural areas trailing urban areas by about 18 percent. In this study, we identified factors that affect the intent of rural Utah parents to vaccinate their children against HPV. Methods: A survey was distributed electronically to Utah residents in rural areas. Recruitment was carried out through targeted advertising, community organizations, and professional survey panels. The survey was open from Nov. 15, 2022 to April 15, 2023. A total of 410 respondents were used for analysis. Survey results were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Findings: Distance to care was shown to negatively influence direct intent to vaccinate, while trust in government, general vaccine attitudes, and HPV knowledge positively influence intent to vaccinate. It was found that religious practice decreased vaccine hesitancy while cautious sexual attitudes, distance to care, and general negative vaccine attitudes increased vaccine hesitancy. Conservative political identity and high income were both shown to decrease vaccine hesitancy as covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Attitudes, healthcare interactions, and communication preferences for HPV vaccines among hesitant Hispanic/Latinx parents: how does this compare with influenza and COVID-19 vaccines?
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Grimaldi, Carolina Gomez, Stewart, Elizabeth C., Edwards, Kathryn, Barajas, Claudia, and Cunningham-Erves, Jennifer
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INFLUENZA vaccines , *HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines , *COVID-19 pandemic , *VACCINE safety , *COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
ObjectiveDesignResultsConclusionWe explored HPV vaccine concerns and healthcare provider communication among Hispanic/Latinx hesitant parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how those concerns and provider communications compared for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. As a secondary aim, we explored communication needs and strategies for these recommended vaccines.We applied a concurrent, multi-method study design (survey and interview) with 23 Hispanic/Latinx American parents of adolescents aged 11–18 years. An inductive deductive thematic approach was used to interpret interview data. Descriptives were used to analyze survey data.Overall, most parents (77%) perceived that their child was receiving too many vaccines. Regarding hesitancy for the HPV vaccine, major parental concerns related to vaccine effectiveness (83%), vaccine necessity (83%), and vaccine safety (80%). For the COVID vaccine, major concerns were the newness of vaccine (83%), vaccine safety (77%), low perceived effectiveness (77%), and low perceived need (77%). For influenza vaccines, major parental concerns were vaccine safety (73%), low perceived need (73%), and preference for natural over vaccine-induced immunity (73%). Parents had overall positive views towards vaccination. Some parents prioritized school-required vaccines, and others ranked the recommended vaccines- HPV, COVID-19, and influenza vaccines- for their children. They saw the benefits of recommended vaccines; however, there were concerns. The majority received a provider’s recommendation for HPV vaccination for their child, while over half had not received a recommendation for COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. Recommended communication strategies were diverse with parents highlighting the need for providers to capitalize on waiting and clinic rooms to provide education.Healthcare providers should take advantage of missed opportunities, improve healthcare interactions with a strong recommendation and persistent communication, and offer diverse communication strategies and messaging for vaccines. Future work should further explore multi-vaccine concerns and how addressing these concerns through healthcare-provider communication could improve HPV vaccination along with COVID-19 and influenza vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia: a latent class analysis.
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Anteneh, Aderaw, Getachew, Anteneh, Kenera, Misael, Salim, Amel, Kedir, Fethia, Belayihun, Bekele, and Felker-Kantor, Erica
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VACCINATION status , *HEALTH attitudes , *VACCINE hesitancy , *ATTITUDE change (Psychology) , *COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
Background: Despite evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major challenge for vaccine uptake. The objective of this study was to classify latent typologies of vaccine hesitant adults in Ethiopia and identify predictors of the latent classes. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional household survey among 1,112 individuals aged 18 and above who were partially vaccinated (one dose) or not vaccinated at the time of the survey. Data was collected in August 2022. We collected information on participant socio-demographics, COVID-19 knowledge, prevention practices, disease history, and vaccine hesitancy. Latent class analysis was used to classify individuals into categories of vaccine hesitancy. We conducted multinomial logistic regression to test the associations between latent typologies and different demographic and COVID-19 related characteristics of study participants. Results: Using latent class analysis we found a four-class solution for vaccine hesitancy typologies. The identified classes were strong vaccine acceptors (30%); vaccine acceptors with some concerns (7%); vaccine sceptics (13%); and vaccine rejectors (50%). In adjusted models with vaccine sceptics as the referent group, those with high COVID-19 vaccine knowledge were significantly more likely to belong to the strong vaccine acceptors class compared to those with low vaccine knowledge (adj. RRR: 17.36, 95% CI: 10.94–27.55). Better COVID-19 prevention practices were also significantly associated with belonging to the vaccine acceptors with some concerns class than the vaccine sceptics class (adj. RRR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09–4.16). Those who had one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly more likely to belong in the vaccine acceptors class than the vaccine sceptics class compared to those who had no dose (adj. RRR: 6.82, 95% CI: 3.06–15.21). Conclusions: Half of the study participants were in the vaccine rejectors class. Individuals in the vaccine sceptics and rejector classes evidenced lower vaccine knowledge and worse COVD-19 prevention practices and were less likely to have been partially vaccinated. Future program interventions should focus on improving knowledge around the vaccine, decrease rumors and misconceptions, and target individuals who may be more amenable to changing their vaccination attitudes or behaviors like vaccine sceptics or acceptors with some concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Adherence to COVID‐19 vaccination recommendations and vaccine hesitancy in US blood donors.
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Avelino‐Silva, Vivian I., Bruhn, Roberta, Zurita, Karla G., Grebe, Eduard, Stone, Mars, Busch, Michael P., and Custer, Brian
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VACCINE hesitancy , *VACCINATION status , *BLOOD donors , *HEALTH services accessibility , *RACE - Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions General vaccination rates have been falling globally despite unequivocal health benefits. Noncompliance can result from access barriers and/or hesitant attitudes. Few studies have investigated the prevalence and determinants of noncompliance with COVID‐19 vaccination in blood donors.We surveyed blood donors on COVID‐19 infection and vaccination history, barriers and motivations for COVID‐19 vaccination, and comorbidities. We estimate the prevalence of noncompliance, the prevalence of hesitancy toward COVID‐19 vaccines, and investigate associated factors using multivariable models.From December 2021 to December 2022, 33,610 survey respondents were included. Of these, 24% had not been vaccinated for COVID‐19 or had missing vaccination information, and 99% of those who reported reasons for being unvaccinated declared at least one of three hesitant attitudes presented in the survey (safety concerns; personal/cultural/religious beliefs; being young and not worrying about being vaccinated). Among noncompliant donors, <2% reported access barriers. In the multivariable model addressing factors associated with vaccine noncompliance, younger age, male gender, White/Caucasian race, absence of comorbidities, residency in a State with less restrictive COVID‐19 policies, and living in micropolitan or rural areas were identified as significant predictors. Younger age and White/Caucasian race were independently associated with vaccine hesitancy among noncompliant donors.We found high rates of noncompliance with COVID‐19 vaccination in blood donors, mostly driven by vaccine hesitancy. Understanding vaccine adherence among blood donors—a relatively highly educated and healthy population, with good healthcare access and usually motivated by altruism—could provide key information on determinants of vaccine noncompliance that may be harder to overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. The Legacy of Vaccine Hesitancy: From COVID-19 to Flu.
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MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL mistrust ,VACCINE hesitancy ,FLU vaccine efficacy ,VACCINATION of children ,POLIO - Abstract
The article discusses the impact of vaccine hesitancy on public health, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the upcoming flu season. It highlights the various factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, such as safety concerns, skepticism about efficacy, and mistrust in medical and governmental institutions. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing vaccine hesitancy to ensure individuals are informed and able to protect their health effectively. Additionally, the article explores how vaccine hesitancy has affected flu vaccine coverage and emphasizes the need for reliable health information to combat misinformation and promote vaccination. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
44. Drivers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among rural populations in Madagascar: a cross-sectional study.
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Kislaya, Irina, Andrianarimanana, Diavolana Koecher, Marchese, Valentina, Hosay, Lalatiana, Rivomalala, Rakotonavalona, Holinirina, Ramananjanahary, Rasamoelina, Tahinamandranto, Zafinimampera, Alexina Olivasoa Tsiky, Ratefiarisoa, Sonya, Totofotsy, Olivette, Rakotomalala, Rivo, Rausche, Pia, Doumbia, Cheick Oumar, Guth, Ariane, Pavoncello, Viola, Veilleux, Simon, Randriamanantany, Zely Arivelo, May, Jürgen, Puradiredja, Dewi Ismajani, and Rakotoarivelo, Rivo Andry
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VACCINATION status , *VACCINE hesitancy , *VACCINATION coverage , *HEALTH facilities , *COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
Background: The WHO set the global immunisation threshold for COVID-19 at 70% to achieve worldwide protection against the disease. To date, global COVID-19 vaccine coverage is still below this threshold, in particular in several sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, such as Madagascar. While factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been widely explored in the past few years, research on drivers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake remains scarce. This study aimed at investigating drivers associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the Boeny region of Madagascar. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey design to collect data on drivers of vaccine uptake from a sample of adults recruited from 12 healthcare facilities between November 2022 and February 2023. Relative and absolute frequencies were used to summarize participants' characteristics. Prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression to identify and compare sociodemographic and motivational drivers of vaccine uptake among those who were willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19 with those who had already been vaccinated. Results: A total of 928 participants aged between 18 and 76 years were included in the study. Among those recruited, 44.9% (n = 417) had already been vaccinated and 55.1% (n = 511) were willing to receive their first dose of COVID-19 vaccine on the day of the interview. The proportions of those respondents who live in urban areas (56.5% vs. 43.8%) and who have high school or university education (46.6% vs. 35.8%) were higher for the uptake group, whereas the proportion of employed respondents (66.3% vs. 56.5%) was higher among those willing to get vaccinated. Vaccine being free of charge (aPR = 1.77 [CI 95%: 1.45–2.17]) and being able to travel again (aPR = 1.61 [CI 95%: 1.30–1.98]) were the drivers most strongly associated with higher vaccine uptake after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: This study shows that actual COVID-19 vaccine uptake is influenced by a different set of factors than willingness to get vaccinated. Taking this difference in drivers into account can inform more tailored vaccination strategies to increase worldwide coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. A qualitative study of Chicago gay men and the Mpox outbreak of 2022 in the context of HIV/AIDS, PrEP, and COVID-19.
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Hughes, Daniel, Ai, Jeffrey, Vazirnia, Parsia, McLeish, Tyson, Krajco, Chandler, Moraga, Richard, and Quinn, Katherine
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MONKEYPOX vaccines , *GAY men , *GAY identity , *VACCINE hesitancy , *MONKEYPOX - Abstract
During the 2022 mpox outbreak, our study conducted 30 interviews with a recruited sample of Chicago gay men (age 18+) during June-September to investigate their experiences of mpox, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Participants were interviewed with a semi-structured guide about gay sexual identity and social experiences; HIV/AIDS, ART, and PrEP; and COVID-19 behaviors and vaccination. All 30 interview respondents had been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and expressed minimal COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. All the men living with HIV in our study were on ART with HIV well controlled. A majority of HIV- participants (70%) were on PrEP, with participants universally aware of PrEP benefits. Additionally, most participants had already received at least one shot of the Jynneos mpox vaccine, with many interviewees enduring long lines, sometimes at multiple locations, before vaccination in primarily gay social spaces. These Chicago gay men demonstrated widespread enthusiasm for mpox vaccination as a disease prevention strategy and most of them had already been vaccinated despite significant barriers. The enthusiasm of the participants in our study emerged within a medical landscape shaped by both COVID-19 vaccination and HIV/AIDS-related health interventions including ART and PrEP, which may have helped instill increased medical trust among this population. Our study suggests that out urban gay men may comprise a distinctive minority population with increased medical trust due to specific social, sexual, and historical experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Development of Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines: Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA-)–Supported Phase 2b Study Designs.
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Wolfe, Daniel N, Arangies, Elizabeth, David, Gloria L, Armstrong, Brian, Scocca, Theresa Z, Fedler, Janel, Natarajan, Ramya, Zhou, James, Jayashankar, Lakshmi, Donis, Ruben, Nesin, Mirjana, Meissner, H Cody, Lemiale, Laurence, Kovacs, Gerald R, Rele, Shyam, Mason, Robin, and Cao, Huyen
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VACCINE development , *PATIENT safety , *RESEARCH funding , *VACCINE effectiveness , *COVID-19 vaccines , *VACCINE hesitancy , *COVID-19 - Abstract
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccines were quickly and successfully developed and deployed, saving millions of lives globally. While first-generation vaccines are safe and effective in preventing disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, next-generation vaccines have the potential to improve efficacy and safety. Vaccines delivered by a mucosal route may elicit greater protective immunity at respiratory surfaces, thereby reducing transmission. Inclusion of viral antigens in addition to the spike protein may enhance protection against emerging variants of concern. Next-generation vaccine platforms with a new mechanism of action may necessitate efficacy trials to fulfill regulatory requirements. The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) will be supporting Phase 2b clinical trials of candidate next-generation vaccines. The primary endpoint will be improved efficacy in terms of symptomatic disease relative to a currently approved COVID-19 vaccine. In this paper, we discuss the planned endpoints and potential challenges to this complex program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. Information sources and vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Asiamah, Nana Osei, Miller, Paige B., Yang, Xiaoxu, and Shrum, Wesley
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SOCIAL media , *RESEARCH funding , *VACCINATION , *HEALTH , *COVID-19 vaccines , *INFORMATION resources , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MISINFORMATION , *COMMUNITIES , *AGE distribution , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *SURVEYS , *RACE , *ODDS ratio , *MATHEMATICAL models , *RELIGION , *VACCINE hesitancy , *THEORY , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *COVID-19 pandemic , *ANTI-vaccination movement , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Among the issues that remained contentious throughout the pandemic was vaccination: its efficacy, side effects, and the general reluctance of a substantial segment of the population to get vaccinated. The aim of this paper is to understand the role of health information sources in anti-vaccination sentiment and the decision to vaccinate. Regression models were used to analyze data from an online survey of adults in the United States in late 2021 (n = 10,221). The results of the study showed that: (a) information from local and national health experts had a significant positive association with getting the COVID-19 vaccine and a negative relationship with holding anti-vaccination sentiments while (b) information from social media and community/religious leaders had the opposite effect. Overall, this study highlights the importance of public health systems in the dissemination of information on vaccinations during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. The individual and ecological characteristics of parental COVID-19 vaccination decisions.
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Hörnig, Lukas, Schaffner, Sandra, and Schmitz, Hendrik
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Vaccination is a highly effective method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and mitigate severe disease. In Germany, adult vaccination rates are relatively high at 85.5%, but rates are significantly lower for adolescents (69.6%) and children (20.0%). This discrepancy indicates that not all vaccinated parents choose to vaccinate their children. Analyzing data from a January 2022 online survey of 1,819 parents with children and adolescents, we explore the socio-economic factors influencing parents’ willingness to vaccinate themselves and their children. Our results show that individuals who vote for either side of the political extremes are less likely to vaccinate their children. This pattern is particularly strong for voters on the far right. In addition, we find that better educated parents are more likely to vaccinate both themselves and their children. Parents who vaccinate both themselves and their children demonstrate greater confidence in the vaccine’s effectiveness, while those who vaccinate only themselves are often motivated by a desire to regain personal freedoms. These insights highlight the need for targeted public health strategies to address specific concerns and improve vaccination rates among children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Vaccine hesitancy in context of COVID-19 in East Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Alie, Melsew Setegn, Abebe, Gossa Fetene, Negesse, Yilkal, Adugna, Amanuel, and Girma, Desalegn
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VACCINE hesitancy , *HEALTH attitudes , *VACCINE safety , *VACCINE effectiveness , *VACCINATION coverage - Abstract
Background: The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a significant impact on human lives, and the development of effective vaccines has been a promising solution to bring an end to the pandemic. However, the success of a vaccination program heavily relies on a significant portion of the population being vaccinated. Recent studies have indicated a rise in vaccine hesitancy over time and inconsistent factors affecting it. This study aimed to synthesis of the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among various communities in East Africa. Methods: The review encompassed relevant descriptive and observational studies conducted between January 1, 2020, and December 26, 2023. We browsed various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, African online Journal, cross-references, and Web of Science. After extracted and exported to R the data analysis was performed using R version 4.2. Meta-package were used to estimate the pooled prevalence and factors of vaccine hesitancy. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots, Egger's test, and trim-and-fill methods. Results: After carefully screening an initial pool of 53,984 studies, a total of 79 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 40.40% (95% CI: 35.89%; 45.47%, I2: 99.5%). Identified factors influencing vaccine hesitance were female sex, under 40 years old, inadequate prevention practices, relying on web/internet as a source of information, having a negative attitude towards the vaccine, uncertainty about vaccine safety, fear of adverse effects, uncertainty about contracting COVID-19, and belief in conspiracy myths. Conclusions: Approximately four out of ten individuals in this region express hesitancy towards vaccination. A tailored approach that considers the socio-demographic context could significantly reduce this hesitancy. To achieve high vaccination coverage, a comprehensive strategy is essential, necessitating substantial social, scientific, and health efforts. The success of vaccination campaigns within this population relies on the widespread and consistent implementation of effective interventions. Registration: Registered in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42024501415. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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50. From obligation to action: unraveling the roles of social responsibility and prosocial tendency in shaping Chinese doctors' vaccine hesitancy.
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Xikun Li, Yuwei Zhang, Xinyang Li, and Botang Guo
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VACCINE hesitancy ,MEDICAL personnel ,SOCIAL responsibility ,PUBLIC support ,MARITAL status - Abstract
Background: The hesitation of healthcare professionals towards vaccines is becoming increasingly concerning, potentially undermining public confidence in vaccination programs. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social responsibility, Prosocial tendency, and vaccine hesitancy among Chinese doctors, and to identify demographic factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 976 Chinese doctors. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess their sense of social responsibility, Prosocial tendency, and vaccine hesitancy. Demographic information, including age, gender, and marital status, was also collected. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the main variables. Results: Social responsibility was negatively correlated with vaccine hesitancy (r=-0.564, P<0.01) and positively correlated with Prosocial tendency (r=0.519, P<0.01). Prosocial tendency was negatively correlated with vaccine hesitancy (r=-0.505, P<0.01) and partially mediated the relationship between social responsibility and vaccine hesitancy. Younger age, female gender, and unmarried status were associated with higher levels of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: This study emphasized the important role of social responsibility and Prosocial tendency in reducing vaccine hesitancy among Chinese doctors. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at fostering a strong sense of social responsibility and promoting Prosocial tendency may effectively address vaccine hesitancy in this population. Additionally, targeted interventions focusing on young, female, and unmarried doctors may be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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