197 results on '"*TOLERATION & religion"'
Search Results
2. Crucis Tolerantia: John Calvin's Theology and Ethics of Toleration.
- Author
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Svensson, Manfred
- Subjects
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TOLERATION & religion , *VIRTUE , *IMPERFECTION , *CHRISTIAN ethics - Abstract
This article leaves discussion of Servetus' execution aside in order to clarify Calvin's understanding of toleration in the light of his usage of the term tolerantia. A recurrent use of the phrase "toleration of the cross" (crucis tolerantia) emerges as a distinctly Calvinian version of the traditional imitatio Christi, combining a Stoic endurance of evils with an Augustinian understanding of the imperfections of the present life. Finally, the article discusses the degree to which Calvin's reflection on toleration is intertwined with a language of virtue and the way in which it is able to bring light to contemporary discussions surrounding toleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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3. 14 JUNE 1632 AN EDICT OF TOLERATION.
- Author
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Lyons, Mathew
- Subjects
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TOLERATION & religion , *CHRISTIANITY , *EMPERORS , *FAITH , *LITURGICS - Abstract
The article examines the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in Ethiopia in 1557 and their interactions with the Christian society. It mentions emperor Susenyos embraced the Jesuits' version of Christianity in 1607, perceiving it as a return to the pure form of the faith, however, tensions emerged as the Jesuits challenged Ethiopian customs, leading to rebellions in the late 1610s, ultimately, Susenyos abdicated granted the people the freedom to practice their own liturgy and have their own altars.
- Published
- 2023
4. Religious education for free and equal citizens.
- Author
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Barnes, L. Philip
- Subjects
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EDUCATION policy , *RELIGIOUS education , *TOLERATION & religion - Abstract
The aim of this article is to interact critically with Matthew Clayton and David Stevens's recent critique of non-confessional religious education, constituted as a separate, compulsory subject in the school curriculum. Three different critical arguments are considered: the contention that religious education is an unsuitable vehicle for fostering toleration and mutual understanding; their framing and application of an 'acceptability requirement' to religious education, which states that government principles and policy should be justified by reasons that cannot be rejected by reasonable citizens, and which they believe religious education fails; and finally, their rejection of the view that religious education fulfils a democratic purpose in providing pupils with the competences to consider and assess religious claims to truth. Religious education is defended against all three charges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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5. On being a religiously tolerant Muslim: discursive contestations among pre-service teachers in contemporary Indonesia.
- Author
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Wijaya Mulya, Teguh, Aditomo, Anindito, and Suryani, Anne
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TOLERATION & religion , *STUDENT teachers , *MUSLIM students , *ISLAMIC education - Abstract
This study examines the constitution of religiously tolerant subjectivity among Indonesian Muslim pre-service teachers. Complementing existing studies in religious tolerance education which were mainly survey-based and experimental, this qualitative research employed a discourse analysis methodology which connects individual-level analysis with the larger socio-religio-political situations in contemporary Indonesia. Specifically, this study aims to explore discourses drawn upon by young Muslim pre-service teachers to understand religious tolerance in the context of contemporary Indonesia, a Muslim-majority Southeast Asian country struggling to navigate its history of moderate Islam and a recent surge of conservatism. The findings exhibited three key discourses through which participants' religiously tolerant subjectivity was constituted, namely, a discourse of spiritual Islam, a discourse of postmodern sensibilities, and a discourse of concern over the growing conservative, Islamist, and radical groups. The implications were discussed in relation to how religious tolerance education can be advanced by drawing upon these key discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. The "Ashoka Approach" and Indonesian Leadership in the Movement for Pluralist Re-Awakening in South and Southeast Asia.
- Author
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Shah, Timothy Samuel and Taylor, C. Holland
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *RELIGIOUS diversity , *TOLERATION & religion , *RELIGIOUS leadership - Abstract
Leaders of Indonesia's Nahdlatul Ulama, the world's largest Muslim organization, are working to consolidate South and Southeast Asia as an alternate pillar of support for a rules-based international order founded upon respect for the equal rights and dignity of every human being. Integral to this effort is a regional strategy called the "Ashoka Approach," which seeks to reawaken the ancient spiritual, cultural, and socio-political heritage of the Indianized cultural sphere, or "Indosphere"—a civilizational zone that pioneered, long before the West, key concepts and practices of religious pluralism and tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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7. Malaysia's Creeping Islamization—and Dimming Prospects for Covenantal Pluralism.
- Author
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Liow, Joseph Chinyong
- Subjects
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ISLAMIZATION , *CULTURAL pluralism , *FREEDOM of religion , *INTERFAITH dialogue , *TOLERATION & religion - Abstract
For countries with religiously diverse populations that have a record of tense relations with each other, the notion of a covenantal pluralism, if successfully established and entrenched as an organizing principle for society, offers an opportunity to break out of the cycle of mutual mistrust and suspicion. Yet, the reality is that the effectiveness of covenantal pluralism as not just an idea but a framework will depend, among other things, on the structural nature of these relationships between religious constituencies and the processes that shape them, as determined by the configuration of political power. This paper proposes that this is precisely the case in Malaysia, where a deeply entrenched narrative of affirmative action favoring the majority ethnic group has found expression in the spheres of politics, economics, social relations, and indeed, everyday life. Concomitantly, it is for this reason that the prospects for covenantal pluralism to gain traction in Malaysia will be profoundly difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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8. Persecution or Prejudice? Lord Sidmouth's Design to Restrict Dissenting Preachers.
- Author
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Waddell, S. Blair
- Subjects
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PERSECUTION , *PREJUDICES , *TOLERATION & religion , *FREEDOM of religion - Abstract
In 1811, Lord Sidmouth introduced a bill before the House of Lords which would require new qualifications in the registration of dissenting preachers. While a staunch churchman and typically unsympathetic to dissent overall, Sidmouth saw his bill as being helpful to nonconformists. The purpose of his action was to remove uneducated and unqualified itinerants who had free reign to preach across the countryside. But nonconformists perceived his act as a new avenue of persecution. They saw this measure as a threat to their religious liberties. Dissenters from all ranks rallied together to protest the bill. Such a unified voice was unprecedented among nonconformists and they discovered the might of their political power as the measure was defeated. This article seeks to understand the motivations of Sidmouth's intentions, whether of persecution or of prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. Kerkordelike toleransie en die reg van usansie.
- Author
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van Wyk, Barry J.
- Subjects
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TOLERATION & religion , *CHURCH orders , *CHURCH polity , *CHURCH discipline - Abstract
A tolerant treatment of church order and the law of usance. This article discusses the recent decline of church polity in the Netherdutch Reformed Church which is obvious in different areas of the Church with special reference to the liturgy practised in sermons of some congregations. This decline is also observed in other churches in South Africa and abroad. The article is a reaction to the reason for this situation and indicates that it should not be found in a collegialistic concept of church, but rather due to congregationalism or independentism in modern form. The article's viewpoint is that the above-mentioned church polity decline is a result of the fact that church order is not valued as an order with a Scriptural and therefore an ecclesiological basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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10. JOHN LOCKE AND THE TOLERATION OF CATHOLICS: A NEW MANUSCRIPT.
- Author
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WALMSLEY, J. C. and WALDMANN, FELIX
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TOLERATION & religion , *CATHOLICS , *MANUSCRIPTS , *LIBERTY of conscience - Abstract
The following Communication presents a newly discovered manuscript by John Locke. The manuscript dates from 1667–8 and it deserves notice as the most significant example of Locke's thought on the toleration of Catholics prior to the Epistola de tolerantia (1689). The manuscript, entitled Reasons for tolerateing Papists equally with others , reveals Locke's engagement with Sir Charles Wolseley's Liberty of conscience, the magistrates interest (1668) and significantly informs the compositional history of Locke's Essay concerning toleration (1667–8). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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11. Scripture and Scriptures in Worship Space.
- Author
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Melanchthon, Monica Jyotsna
- Subjects
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TOLERATION & religion , *RELIGIOUS diversity , *CHURCH membership , *DISILLUSIONMENT , *RELIGIOUS identity , *CHRISTIANITY - Published
- 2019
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12. Locke's Theory of Demonstration and Demonstrative Morality.
- Author
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Connolly, Patrick J.
- Subjects
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ETHICS , *NATURAL law , *PHILOSOPHY , *THEORY of knowledge , *TOLERATION & religion - Abstract
Locke famously claimed that morality was capable of demonstration. But he also refused to provide a system of demonstrative morality. This paper addresses the mismatch between Locke's stated views and his actual philosophical practice. While Locke's claims about demonstrative morality have received a lot of attention it is rare to see them discussed in the context of his general theory of demonstration and his specific discussions of particular demonstrations. This paper explores Locke's general remarks about demonstration as well as his claims about demonstration in natural philosophy, mathematics, and morality. Careful attention to these detailed discussions motivates a reevaluation of Locke's views on demonstrative knowledge of morality. Specifically, while Locke did believe that some demonstrative moral knowledge might be in‐principle available to us he also believed that facts about the difficulty of demonstration meant that this knowledge would in‐practice be largely unattainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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13. Sex and toleration: new perspectives of research on religious radical dissent in early modern Italy.
- Author
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Grassi, Umberto
- Subjects
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HERETICS , *SEXUAL freedom , *TOLERATION & religion , *RELIGION - Abstract
This article examines the inquisitorial trials of a number of heretics whose ideas are reminiscent of the heresies of Domenico Scandella, known as Menocchio, the Friulian miller first studied by Carlo Ginzburg in his groundbreaking The Cheese and the Worms. However, all the defendants shared a transgressive belief that seems completely alien to Scandella's intellectual horizon - namely, the heretical proposition that Adam and Eve committed sodomy in the Garden of Eden. At this stage of my research, I suggest that this curious reinterpretation of the myth of the fall from grace is an autonomous element that originated in ecclesiastical circles and was subsequently incorporated into a more complex corpus of heretical beliefs. In addition to taking a further step into the history of religious dissent in Italy, the current research allows us to shed new light on the history of religious toleration in the early modern period, investigating the influence of Islam in Christian heresies and analysing the possible connections between the quest for sexual freedom and criticism of institutionalized religions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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14. Dialogue and Toleration in Juan Luis Vives's De Veritate Fidei Christianae: Vives on Muhammad and Islam.
- Author
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Havu, Kaarlo Johannes
- Subjects
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TOLERATION & religion , *ISLAM , *NEWTON'S law of gravitation , *PROPHETS , *ERROR analysis in mathematics - Abstract
The article argues that Juan Luis Vives's (1492/1493–1540) conceptualization of Islam in De veritate fidei Christianae can be placed inside the Erasmian paradigm of toleration of error. De veritate presents a fictional dialogue between a Christian and a Muslim in which the flaws of Islam are systematically traced back to the unethical nature of Muhammad. In describing the initial failure of Muhammad to grasp universal law, Vives equates the Muslim prophet with a failed legislator or a tyrant. Vives's strategy does not save Islam but it portrays the Muslim interlocutor as a victim of an error. In the dialogue the Muslim appears as a man of good judgment, he is adopted into the sphere of dialogue but only in order to overcome his error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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15. Attitudes to Deviation from Gender Norms in Israelite and Early Jewish Religion.
- Author
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Schleicher, Marianne
- Subjects
RELIGION & gender ,JEWISH religious literature ,TOLERATION & religion ,SOCIAL norms - Abstract
The article offers the author's insights regarding the attitudes to gender deviation from gender norms in Israelite and early Jewish religion. Topics include the relationship between gender norms and gender deviation in Jewish religious texts, Levinasian approach to tolerance by American philosopher Judith Butler, and the development of biblical gender norms in early Jewish literature.
- Published
- 2018
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16. Constantinian Toleration.
- Author
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Lloyd, Vincent
- Subjects
- *
MINORITY social workers , *FREEDOM of religion , *FRANKFURT school of sociology , *TOLERATION & religion , *POLITICAL theology - Abstract
Recent secular theorists of toleration have turned to Christian thought as a resource to overcome problems faced by secular-liberal accounts of toleration. This review essay examines three such projects, one in the tradition of Thomistic virtue ethics, another in the tradition of Frankfurt School critical theory, and another in political theory. While Christian ethics can learn from the methods and theoretical machinery deployed in these studies, each study assumes that the question of toleration is posed from a position of power and privilege. The essay asks what it might mean to consider toleration from the perspective of a marginalized community—like the early Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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17. The Tolerant Pessimist: Jean-Jacques Rousseau on Civil Religion and Religious Toleration.
- Author
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Fellow, Douglas H Walker Postdoctoral
- Subjects
CIVIL religion ,TOLERATION & religion - Abstract
Rousseau castigates theological intolerance and persecution, and yet The Social Contract famously advocates a civil religion which all citizens must adopt on pain of death. Scholars disagree as to whether, and how, these paradoxical writings can be reconciled coherently. This article proposes a novel harmonization of Rousseau's 'tolerant' and 'intolerant' statements on religious liberty that affirms the consistency of his thought despite giving full weight to all of his writings. Although Rousseau's works all deal with the same human problem, he recommends different solutions in different circumstances. His moderately restrictive civil religion applies only to his ideal state, whereas he recommends the separation of church and state in the practical context of eighteenth-century Europe. Rousseau's pessimism about realizing his ideal state impels him to advocate disestablishment in practice, despite the centrality of a public national religion in his ideal theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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18. Governing the Sacred: A Critical Typology of Models of Political Toleration in Contested Sacred Sites.
- Author
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Jobani, Yuval and Perez, Nahshon
- Subjects
SACRED space ,TOLERATION & religion ,FREEDOM of religion - Abstract
Contested sacred sites pose an overlooked challenge for theorists of political toleration. Holy sites are often at the center of contestation between different groups regarding ownership, access, usage rights, permissible religious conduct. Two questions are posed, first, how to conceptualize 'contested sacred sites'? Second, what are the historical-political arrangements used to govern such contested sacred sites, that can be adopted by democratic countries? This article, first, suggests a conceptualization of contested sacred sites as 'thick sites' a la Geertz. Second, describes and analyzes five models of governing contested sacred sites: 'non-interference', 'separation and division', 'preference', 'status-quo', and 'closure'. Each model is grounded in historical-political examples and relies on different normative considerations. The goal is to present a new typology of governing methods that can be adopted by democratic governments in their attempt to secure public order and mutual toleration among opposed groups in contested sacred sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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19. دلالة التعريف والتنكير في القرآن الكريم (آيات التعصّب والعناد انموذجا)
- Author
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عباس يونس حمزة and عزيز سليم على القريشي
- Subjects
ARABIC language ,SEMANTICS ,TOLERATION & religion ,OBSTINACY - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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20. A Church United in Itself: Hernando de Talavera and the Religious Culture of Fifteenth-Century Castile.
- Author
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SALOMONS, CAROLYN
- Subjects
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CHRISTIAN converts from Islam , *RELIGION & culture , *TOLERATION & religion , *FIFTEENTH century ,SPANISH Inquisition, 1478-1820 ,HISTORY of Castile, Spain - Abstract
Fifteenth-century Castile was a time of significant religious change. The issue of conversion and variance in religious Praxis engendered the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition, an institution deeply opposed by some, including Hernando de Talavera, the first Archbishop of Granada. Rather than interpret this opposition as a sign of toleration for religious minorities, a close look at his writings and actions show a man reacting to the ever-shifting social, religious, and political milieu in which he lived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
21. Grasping Three Senses of the Notion "the Otherness of God" as the Grounds for Interreligious Toleration.
- Author
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Youngjin Kiem
- Subjects
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OTHER (Philosophy) , *TOLERATION & religion , *GOD , *CHRISTIANS , *RELIGIOUS diversity - Abstract
On the issue of securing possible grounds for interreligious toleration, we are currently witnessing a prominent Christian view epitomized by the proposition that Christians should tolerate other religions because those religions are grounded in the otherness of God. For both Christians and non-Christians, employing the notion of God's otherness to manifest the proper reason for tolerating other religions is a momentous venture. Unlike its appearance, however, the notion of God's otherness envisaged and used in the context of interreligious toleration is liable to a serious predicament called the "toleration puzzle." As a means of providing the remedy for the puzzle, in this paper I appeal for disambiguating the term "the otherness of God" and suggest three senses of it: "interior," "exterior," and "mediatory." With this idea, I claim that when one employs the notion of God's otherness in the context of grounding interreligious toleration, one should adopt the notion not in the single, one-sided sense but in the unified, three senses, especially placing value on the exterior and mediatory senses of the term. This proposal makes the Christian view that other religions are grounded in the otherness of God more acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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22. The Concession of Toleration, Muslims and the British Enlightenment.
- Author
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Bird, Karen M.
- Subjects
TOLERATION & religion ,RIGHTS ,ISLAM ,RELIGIOUS diversity ,OTTOMAN Empire - Abstract
The modern world continues to grapple with the meaning and practice of toleration. Predominant Western notions of toleration assume a moral foundation that infers acceptance of others' rights, beliefs and practices. This paper considers how ideas of toleration may have entered early Enlightenment travel, diplomatic and trade reports about the 'Turbanned Nation' of Islam, and influenced John Locke's (1632-1704) writings 'on toleration'. Locke wrote his portrayal of Ottoman religious toleration during a time of shifting geo-politics in the Mediterranean and increasing concern about religious diversity in Britain and Europe. The Ottomans ruled an extremely heterogeneous population that was multi-ethnic, multilinguistic, multi-religious and multi-tribal.1 The 'transnational and trans-imperial circulation of knowledge' (specifically British knowledge) of the Ottoman Empire fed into British and European Enlightenment conceptions of toleration.2 The British and wider European awakening to the Ottoman concession of toleration became a distinctive feature of the Enlightenment and deserves continued intellectual attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
23. Toleration, Pluralism, and Coexistence: The Ambivalent Legacies of the Reformation.
- Author
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Walsham, Alexandra
- Subjects
TOLERATION & religion ,REFORMATION ,RELIGIOUS diversity ,HISTORIOGRAPHY ,EARLY modern history - Abstract
The article reflects on some recent tendencies in the historiography of toleration and their significance in early modern period. Topics discussed include the study of religious toleration in post-Reformation Europe; investigation of early modern discourses and practices of religious coexistence as a vehicle for present-day anxieties, preoccupations and imperatives; and opinion that the study indeed have continuing resonance and contemporary relevance.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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24. The Urgent Need for Teacher Preparation in Religious and Secular Worldview Education.
- Author
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Gardner, Ryan S., Soules, Kate, and Valk, John
- Subjects
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TEACHER education , *TEACHER training , *TOLERATION & religion , *RELIGIOUS education ,HOPE in religion - Abstract
In a world that is becoming increasingly globalized, it is ironic—as well as unfortunate and sometimes tragic—that secular and religious worldview education is decreasing, in the United States, Canada, and elsewhere. This article argues for the immediate need for programs that intentionally prepare teachers for all aspects of the educational workforce to reverse this trend. Teachers who are well prepared to help students understand, respect, appreciate, and learn from others with differing worldviews will help produce a generation of citizens who will promote greater respect, tolerance, harmony, and peace on school campuses (at all levels), in the workplace, in neighborhoods, within nations domestically, and in the global community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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25. Mendelssohn's Aesthetics of Critical Tolerance: Against Unity and Political Theology.
- Author
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Atlas, Dustin N.
- Subjects
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AESTHETICS , *CRITICAL theory , *POLITICAL science , *THEOLOGY , *TOLERATION & religion - Abstract
This paper revisits Moses Mendelssohn's political theology through his early aesthetic writings, and in conjunction with his later writing on politics and religion, unearths a model of religious toleration that can respond to many contemporary critiques of tolerance, especially those which draw from Jacobi and Schmitt's decisionist political theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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26. Post-tolerance, post-truth and fake news: a blight on the young?
- Author
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Uttley, Simon
- Subjects
TOLERATION & religion ,TRUTH ,SOCIAL media - Published
- 2018
27. Negotiating Tolerance: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Researching Religion in China.
- Author
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THURSTON, NAOMI
- Subjects
TOLERATION & religion ,RATIONALISM ,THEOLOGY ,RELIGIOUS studies ,ACADEMIC discourse - Abstract
Just as G. E. Lessing criticized what he saw as the narrowmindedness of his contemporaries by creating characters that exemplified a morally enlightened rationalism, religious studies scholars in contemporary China have helped instruct and reshape uninformed or generalizing attitudes towards religion in Chinese society. Reflecting on Lessing's literary case for religious tolerance, the present article discusses different understandings of the nature and significance of religion in the field of so-called "Sino-Christian studies" ( Hanyu Jidujiao yanjiu). It demonstrates how religious and "theological tolerance" are variously understood depending on the stances, approaches, and constructions of meaning of individual scholars, influenced, in one way or another, by Western Enlightenment thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
28. Does Toleration Require Religious Skepticism? An Examination of Locke's Letters on Toleration and Essay concerning Human Understanding.
- Author
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ARESHIDZE, GIORGI
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *SKEPTICISM , *INDIFFERENTISM (Religion) - Abstract
Does toleration depend on religious skepticism? This article attempts to answer this question by uncovering a foundational ambiguity in John Locke's theological teaching. In his Letter on Toleration, Locke presents toleration as a Christian duty grounded in man's obligation to search for religious truth. But the argument of the Letter proves to be incomplete, and is itself interwoven with Locke's skeptical epistemological assumptions, which Locke increasingly emphasizes in his decade-long debate with his Anglican critic Jonas Proast as well as in his Essay concerning Human Understanding. This article shows that in his most popularly oriented theological-political work Locke deliberately mutes the obstacles that epistemic uncertainty poses to the quest for religious truth, in order to avoid the promotion of religious indifference and unbelief. Locke pursues this strategy not just for rhetorical but also for substantive reasons, since it makes his political legacy more congenial to a civil religion that can support liberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
29. The Alms of Authority? John Owen's Understanding of Toleration.
- Author
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Svensson, Manfred
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *PROTESTANT history , *LIBERALISM , *HISTORY of liberalism , *RELIGION - Abstract
The article looks at English theologian John Owen's understanding of toleration before liberalism. Topics include the role of preliberal Protestantism in the history of toleration, the shortcomings of Owen's writings on toleration, and the rival conceptions of toleration, such as the compatibility of toleration with robust doctrines or worldviews.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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30. Between Usury and the "Spirit of Commerce".
- Author
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TRIVELLATO, FRANCESCA
- Subjects
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JEWS , *TOLERATION & religion , *USURY , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *LEGAL status of Jews , *FRENCH Revolution, 1789-1799 , *EIGHTEENTH century , *HISTORY , *POLITICAL attitudes , *RELIGION , *COMMERCE ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
By bringing French history and Jewish history into dialogue, this article intervenes in the vast scholarship on the relationship between commerce and toleration in eighteenth-century French thought. It focuses on the place of Jews in Montesquieu's ideas about doux commerce and explores the legacy of Montesquieu's views on the debate on Jewish emancipation in the 1770s and 1780s. It traces the survival and adaptation of the medieval trope of the Jewish usurer in a variety of discourses, ranging from irenic images of commercial cosmopolitanism to representations of Jewish moneylending marshaled by radical advocates of Jewish "regeneration." The article concludes by showing that in 1790-91 the doctrine of doux commerce did not provide a consistent argument in favor of civic and political equality even though commercial practices and policies in the French Southwest had favored the integration of Jews during the Old Regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. "IS THERE TOLERATION IN ISLAM?" REFRAMING A POST-ISLAMIST QUESTION IN A POST-SECULAR CONTEXT.
- Author
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Mojahedi, Mohammad Mahdi
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *ISLAMISTS , *HEGEMONY , *RATIONALISM , *PLURALISM , *SECULARIZATION - Abstract
This article presents a critical appraisal of the post-Islamist position in the discourse on toleration in Islam. It starts with a critical overview of post-Islamism and its position on pluralism and toleration. Contextualising the post-Islamist discourse on toleration in the broader context of post-secular critique of modernity and theoretical debates on pluralist toleration, as opposed to monist (or hegemonic) toleration, post-Islamism will be criticised here for its missing the pluralist point of toleration, consequently confusing it with monist and hegemonic toleration, as well as its extreme submission to culturalism in understanding the dynamics of political transformation, and its unconditional confidence in "the secularization thesis" or "the secularization theory." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Why Tolerate Conscience?
- Author
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Boucher, François and Laborde, Cécile
- Subjects
RELIGION ,ANTITRUST law exemptions ,TOLERATION & religion ,FREEDOM of religion ,CONSCIENCE laws ,ACTIONS & defenses (Law) - Abstract
In Why Tolerate Religion?, Brian Leiter argues against the special legal status of religion, claiming that religion should not be the only ground for exemptions to the law and that this form of protection should be, in principle, available for the claims of secular conscience as well. However, in the last chapter of his book, he objects to a universal regime of exemptions for both religious and secular claims of conscience, highlighting the practical and moral flaws associated with it. We believe that Leiter identifies a genuine and important contemporary legal and philosophical problem. We find much to admire in his reasoning. However, we raise questions about two claims that are crucial for his argument. The first claim is that it is not religion as such, but conscience that deserves toleration and respect. The second claim is that respect for religion and conscience demands 'principled toleration' but does not entail stronger policies of legal exemptions. Against the first claim, we argue that Leiter does not successfully distinguish religious belief from secular conscience and morality; and he does not explain why secular conscience (which shares many of religious conscience's epistemic features) deserves respect. Against the second claim, we argue that the most promising theories of legal exemptions are not classical theories of liberal toleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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33. Equality as a Basis for Religious Toleration: A Response to Leiter.
- Author
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Brettschneider, Corey
- Subjects
TOLERATION & religion ,EQUALITY ,CRITICISM ,FREEDOM of religion ,FREE exercise clause (Constitutional law) ,UTILITARIANISM - Abstract
In this short essay, I respond to Brian Leiter's Why Tolerate Religion. I focus on two criticisms. First, I argue that Leiter's own theory depends on an unacknowledged ideal of equality, and that equality is central to the utilitarian and Rawlsian bases for religious toleration that he draws upon in his book. Second, I argue against Leiter's allowing, in certain circumstances, the state to establish religion and to promote religious conceptions of the good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Die Regeln des Miteinanders. Ambiguitätstoleranz in der Frühen Neuzeit.
- Author
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Voigt, Wiebke
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION , *MODERN history , *TOLERATION & religion , *PROTESTANT history , *SIXTEENTH century , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *HISTORY - Abstract
The article presents a report from a June 25-26, 2015 conference on early modern tolerance of ambiguous social norms. Topics of presentations delivered include religious tolerance in early modern Europe outside of churches, ambiguity in the irenicist writings of French theologian Jean Hotman, and unification of Protestant belief systems in the 16th century.
- Published
- 2016
35. Pentecostals between Keeping their Identity and Adapting to Change: A Study of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Switzerland 1907-2015.
- Author
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PLÜSS, JEAN-DANIEL
- Subjects
- *
PENTECOSTALS , *MULTICULTURALISM , *GROUP identity , *PENTECOSTALISM , *TOLERATION & religion ,HISTORY of Switzerland - Abstract
The article looks at the multi-cultural beginnings of Swiss Pentecostalism and argues for a certain tolerance of diversity. The question of identity in the light of historical change is considered as each successive generation brought forth new leaders. A basic challenge resides in the question of how Swiss Pentecostals attempted to establish their identity and how they worked towards an understanding of unity within their movement. A case is made that a Pentecostal identity did not benefit from emphasizing difference and distinctives but by sharing experiences of grace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. From Natural Law to Natural Rights? Protestant Dissent and Toleration in the Late Eighteenth Century.
- Author
-
Fitzpatrick, Martin Hugh
- Subjects
- *
RELIGIOUS dissenters , *PROTESTANTS , *TOLERATION & religion , *RELIGION & state , *HISTORY ,HISTORY of the Church of England - Abstract
The toleration gained by Protestant Dissenters, the Toleration Act of 1689, was far from comprehensive. It insisted that Dissenting authorities should subscribe to the doctrinal articles of the Church of England. It suspended anti-Dissent legislation rather than repealing it and the sacramental requirement for civil officials remained in place. The situation of Dissent under the law was ambiguous and, at least in theory, the freedom of worship gained under the act was incomplete. This article examines Dissenter attempts to clarify their situation under the law and to be free from the Anglican subscription requirement for minsters, schoolmasters and tutors. It focuses on those aspects of their campaigning propaganda which accorded with natural law theory and particularly on the relationship between concerns for the well-being of the community and the assertion of the natural rights of conscience. It finds that pragmatic considerations competed with theoretical prescriptions. Although the language of natural rights was increasingly to the fore in the late eighteenth century, even the more radical Dissenters did not entirely abandon claims for wider toleration based on natural law considerations. It was not until the mid-nineteenth century that natural rights trumped natural law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Hobbes's Paradoxical Toleration: Inter regentes tolerantia, tolerans intolerantia inter plebem.
- Author
-
Higgins, Nicholas
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *THEORY of knowledge , *DEBATE , *RELIGION ,CONSCIENCE & religion - Abstract
The source of Hobbes's liberal view of toleration is a recognized paradox within his absolutist political sovereign. This article argues that Hobbes's view of toleration is consistent with his overall political theory based upon his broader religious teaching, which leads to an epistemological skepticism on the veracity of religion, and as such among rulers toleration is not only allowed, but necessary. Further, this article argues that the inability of the sovereign to punish the private conscience of the citizen derives from natural right and the inherent limitation of law. Finally, this article examines Hobbes's use of religious argumentation to support the inability of a believer to challenge or deviate from the religious commands of the sovereign. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. For Tolerance.
- Subjects
TOLERATION & religion - Published
- 1939
39. The Two Pluralisms: Adumbrations and Emendations.
- Author
-
Muller, Jerry
- Subjects
- *
RELIGIOUS diversity , *SECULARISM , *TOLERATION & religion - Abstract
Adam Smith provides adumbrations of Berger's analysis of religion and political pluralism, as well as additional insights into the dynamics of religious pluralism. Ernest Gellner presents critical emendations of Berger's exploration of the compartmentalization of religious and secular belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Consideration of Ethics in Systemic Thinking.
- Author
-
Tuan, Nien-Tsu and Shaw, Corrinne
- Subjects
- *
SYSTEMS theory , *UTILITARIANISM , *DEONTOLOGICAL ethics , *VIRTUE ethics , *TOLERATION & religion , *HUMAN rights & religion , *ETHICS - Abstract
This paper probes the relationship between systemic thinking and ethics. A distinction is made between systemic thinking and systems thinking to illustrate debates around the ethical issues of tackling societal issues in a systemic way. Drawing on three prominent ethical theories, namely utilitarianism, deontological theory and virtue ethics, the argument that systemic thinking should embrace ethics is developed. This article suggests that systemic thinking fosters the virtue of toleration; defends the autonomous human right; and promotes good for the people in an equitable fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Russian Evangelical Compassionate Ministries, 1905-1929.
- Author
-
Raber, Mary
- Subjects
- *
EVANGELICAL churches , *EVANGELICALISM , *ECONOMICS & religion , *TOLERATION & religion , *NINETEENTH century , *RELIGION - Abstract
The article offers information related to the history of Evangelical compassionate ministries in Russia from 1905-1929. Topics include the influence of English evangelical Lord Radstock on Pashkovites in 1870 in terms of direction of compassionate involvement, the declaration of religious toleration in the country in 1905, and three patterns of evangelical compassionate ministries such as dedicated funds and institutions, rescue ministry, and economic communities.
- Published
- 2016
42. The Religious Authority of the Orthodox Church and Tolerance Toward Homosexuality.
- Author
-
Spina, Nicholas
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *HOMOSEXUALITY , *RELIGION , *RELIGIOUS institutions - Abstract
This article considers how institutional differences among Orthodox Churches in Central and Eastern Europe affect mass attitudes about homosexuality. Drawing from literature on elite framing, I posit that the Orthodox Church frames opposition to homosexuality in religious terms and offers cues to its members on how to think about non-traditional sexuality. However, the credibility of religious institutions dictates the influence of framing. When the Church enjoys significant credibility it is able to provoke higher degrees of homonegativity among its members. I illustrate this argument with a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the divergent influence of the Orthodox Church in Romania and Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. When Do Religious Leaders Support Faith-Based Violence? Evidence from a Survey Poll in South Sudan.
- Author
-
Basedau, Matthias and Koos, Carlo
- Subjects
- *
RELIGIOUS leaders , *VIOLENCE , *ELITE (Social sciences) , *TOLERATION & religion , *FAITH , *TWENTY-first century , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *RELIGION , *SOCIAL history ,ATTITUDES ,ISLAM & society - Abstract
Religion has increasingly become important in conflicts worldwide. Religious leaders may play a key role in mobilizing believers as they can call for peace or instigate violence. But what makes religious leaders support peace or promote violence? Drawing on a survey poll of 102 religious leaders in Juba, South Sudan, this paper represents virtually the first attempt to study the correlates of pro-violence opinions of religious elites in a more quantitative manner in a developing country. The paper analyzes when and why some religious leaders support faith-based violence while others do not. Employing a unique combination of innovative measures, our results have many implications for mobilization processes. We find that leaders’ support for faith-based violence is largely independent of individual demographic or personal determinants but is closely related to religious attitudes. Tolerance toward other faiths and secularism reduce pro-violence attitudes. Muslims seem to be more ready to support faith-based violence, probably given their minority status and other peculiarities of Islam in (South) Sudan. Surprisingly, interreligious activities do not reduce support for violence but increase appreciation for peaceful protest. Generally, determinants of peaceful protest substantially differ, suggesting that any support for violence follows its own distinct logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Evangelical Toleration.
- Author
-
Bejan, Teresa M.
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *RELIGIOUS tolerance , *POLITICAL philosophy , *RELIGIOUS differences , *HISTORY of liberalism , *BRITISH philosophy , *AMERICAN philosophy , *EVANGELICALISM -- History , *SEVENTEENTH century , *HISTORY , *RELIGION - Abstract
This article recovers "evangelical toleration" as a neglected tradition in early modern political thought with important consequences for contemporary political theory and practice. Many political theorists dismiss the prudential arguments made by "proto-liberal" thinkers like Roger Williams or John Locke in favor of toleration as a necessary precondition for evangelism and conversion as intolerant, unacceptably instrumental, and inessential to their deeper theories. By contrast, critics of liberalism treat them as smoking gun evidence for an imperial and civilizing mission underlying liberal toleration. I argue that both sides underestimate evangelical toleration's genealogical and theoretical importance. Not only were evangelical considerations essential in shaping the particular institutions associated with toleration in England and America, the varieties of evangelical toleration represented by Williams and Locke shed significant light on the very different institutions--and intuitions--governing the expression of religious difference in liberal democracies today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Good Muslims, Bad Muslims, and the Nation: The “Ground Zero Mosque” and the Problem With Tolerance.
- Author
-
Earle, Chris
- Subjects
MUSLIMS' conduct of life ,NATIONALISM ,TOLERATION & religion ,SOCIAL integration ,RACISM & religion ,ISLAM & politics ,CULTURAL identity ,RELIGION - Abstract
The local controversy over Cordoba House or the “Ground Zero Mosque” peaked at a May 2010 Lower Manhattan Community Board meeting that was open to the public. Examining the tolerance rhetorics evoked both for and against Cordoba, this paper argues that both tolerance rhetorics function differently to re-center the white non-Muslim subject and to structure inclusion and belonging within the nation. Extending the literature of tolerance, which tends to focus on the discourse of normative subjects, I analyze the tolerance rhetorics of two Muslim-American rhetors whose testimonies reveal the tensions, contradictions, and complicities involved in claims of national belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. THOUGH HE IS ONE, HE BEARS ALL THOSE DIVERSE NAMES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JAYANTA BHAṬṬA'S ARGUMENT FOR TOLERATION.
- Author
-
Slakter, David
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *HUMILITY - Abstract
This essay examines Jayanta Bhatta's argument for toleration in his play, the Āgamạdambara, and proposes that it is an argument with contemporary relevance. The merits and relevance of Jayanta's argument are demonstrated by comparison with arguments for toleration given by John Locke and Pierre Bayle. The aim of such a comparison is twofold. First is to show that Jayanta, like Locke and Bayle, appeals to epistemic humility as justification for toleration and identifies problematic contradictions in the epistemology of his opponents. Second is to forestall dismissal of the relevance of Jayanta's argument on the basis of the claim that his views are in no way consonant with ours, as he depends on theological assumptions that we do not share and excludes from toleration groups that we would wish to include. That these problems are also present in the arguments of Locke and Bayle yet are no impediment to considering the contemporary relevance of these thinkers indicates that such problems also need not prevent serious consideration of Jayanta's argument in the present. This essay shows as well that Jayanta's argument may have relevance for debates concerning toleration in contemporary India, as it indicates a certain conception of toleration, which has in the past been associated primarily with European Modernity, to be indigenous to India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Religious Conscience and Civil Authority: The Meaning of Toleration.
- Author
-
Gill, Emily R.
- Subjects
- *
TOLERATION & religion , *LIBERTY of conscience , *HEALTH insurance , *BURWELL v. Hobby Lobby Stores Inc. , *CONFERENCES & conventions ,PATIENT Protection & Affordable Care Act - Abstract
A conference paper about the relationship between religious practice and civil authority, to be presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association(APSA) in Washington, D.C., on August 28-31, 2014, is presented. Topics discussed include controversies on contraceptive coverage in the health insurance under the US Affordable Care Act (ACA); U.S. Supreme Court case Sibelius v. Hobby Lobby Stores and emerging conflicts in rights of conscience against civil authority.
- Published
- 2014
48. Two Stories about Toleration.
- Author
-
Forst, Rainer
- Subjects
TOLERATION & religion ,SOCIAL conflict ,NORMATIVITY (Ethics) ,FOULARDS ,EUROPEAN cooperation ,PSYCHOLOGY ,MANNERS & customs - Abstract
In current social conflicts in European societies such as the ones concerning the crucifix in classrooms or the foulard or the burka worn in public, toleration is a concept claimed by all involved. The paper uncovers the historical and conceptual reasons for such ambivalence about the notion of toleration. It starts from a conceptual analysis and then reconstructs two stories about toleration which lead to two different conceptions of it - the hierarchical permission conception and the democratic respect conception. The paper applies these to current conflicts and argues for an understanding of toleration based on a certain form of mutual respect despite deep ethical disagreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
49. ISLÃ E TOLERÂNCIA: DISCURSO APOLOGÉTICO E REALIDADE HISTÓRICA.
- Author
-
Souza de Matos, Alderi
- Subjects
- *
ISLAMIC theology , *ISLAMIC apologetics , *TOLERATION & religion , *ISLAMIC fundamentalism , *PERSECUTION of Christians , *PERSECUTION , *DA'WAH (Islam) , *HISTORY ,ISLAMIC countries - Abstract
The beginning of the 21st century is witnessing events in the realm of religion with great historical significance. Islamic radicalism is haunting the world with its persistent aggressiveness and broad scope. The Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia, Europe and North America have been the stage of extremist fanaticism and violence. In special, Christian communities living peacefully in Muslim countries are being the targets of horrible cruelty. In several regions, the remaining Christianity is on its way to extinction. Many observers and scholars assert that such actions represent a grotesque distortion of Islam and are not in harmony with the true spirit of that religion. Time after time, internal and external apologists state that historically the Muslim faith has fostered tolerance and peace. The aim of this article is to reexamine this issue by looking at Islam's sources, its history, and the developments in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
50. Value Pluralism and Monotheism.
- Author
-
Crowder, George
- Subjects
- *
PLURALISM , *RELIGIOUS diversity , *TOLERATION & religion , *MONOTHEISM , *POLITICAL doctrines , *RELIGION - Abstract
How far can monotheism be reconciled with the pluralism characteristic of modern societies? In this article, I focus on the “value pluralism” of Isaiah Berlin, which I suggest captures a deeper level of plurality than Rawls's more familiar version of pluralism. However, some critics have objected that Berlinian pluralism is too controversial an idea in which to ground liberalism because it is profoundly at odds with the monotheism professed by so many citizens of a modern society. I argue that monotheists can be value pluralists as long as they do not insist that their faith is superior to all others. This pluralist position is exemplified by elements of the interfaith movement, according to which many religions are recognized as having roughly equal value. I also argue that a value-pluralist approach to religious accommodation, if it can be achieved, may be more stable than the uneasy combination of disapproval and restraint involved in the more orthodox solution to conflict among religions, toleration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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