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The purpose of this study was to explore the organizational climate in a women's prison from the shared perceptions of correctional staff. This study was part of the Prison Research and Innovation Network (PRIN) project, which began in the fall of 2020. Forty-two correctional staff from a low-medium security women's prison in the Midwest were interviewed in spring 2021. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify staff's perceptions of organizational climate in the women's correctional facility. The themes identified as most important to staff were mental health, correctional practices, job satisfaction, and workplace culture. An item pool was developed from the themes identified, and a newly developed organizational climate survey was administered to 80 correctional staff. Qualitative data point to the issues of staff shortages and mandated overtime work impacting the mental health of staff. In addition, organizational climate and its impact on mental health were examined through multiple logistic regressions. The results indicated that having job promotion opportunities, having daily communication between staff and administration, and staff's knowledge and awareness of correctional policies were positively associated with mental health. This mixed-methods study contributes to understanding the unique challenges correctional staff face working in women's correctional facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracing the organising efforts of criminalised survivors inside the California Institution for Women during the 1990s, this article explores the social and political history of Convicted Women Against Abuse (CWAA). Members built communities of self‐affirmation and care within institutions designed to stamp out their humanity during an age otherwise marked by punitive legislation, prison expansion and growing incapacitation. How these women fostered collectivity and became political advocates fighting for joint clemency complicates conventional and gendered understandings of the punitive 1990s as a low point in the American prison movement. Narrated from the perspective of incarcerated women organisers who stewarded elaborate care networks and undertook significant political organising, this article restores women's prison organising during the 1990s to the prison movement record, while also showcasing the limits and harms of mainstream anti‐violence policies in the lives of incarcerated survivors. Drawing upon incarcerated women's writings, testimonies and oral histories, I examine the politics of mutual care, solidarity and resistance that incarcerated women developed in response to a prison regime that was and remains actively hostile to collectivity of any kind. I argue that care work nurtured sustained political engagement from inside prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the gendered carceral regime at the Federal Industrial Reformatory for Women at Alderson, West Virginia that was created by its first superintendent, Mary Belle Harris and the experiences of three women political prisoners – Grace Holmes Carlson, Helen Bryan and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn – who served time at Alderson between 1944 and 1960. It offers a critical analysis of Carlson's, Bryan's and Flynn's firsthand accounts of their time in prison to reveal these women's strategies for surviving Alderson's reforming mission that included, paradoxically, both a rejection of the middle‐class femininity inherent in that mission and, at times, an accommodation to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1900 and 1918, New Zealand sent its least cooperative girls and young women into a single state-run reformatory. Te Oranga's inmates included girls raised in industrial schools, thieving domestic servants, and sexually active adolescents. Using a collective biography approach, this study examines these "incorrigible girls" to test their negative portrayal in contemporary reporting. Comparing girls' life courses shows little difference in either precipitating factors or life outcomes. This research suggests that the moral panic about youthful sexual activity exaggerated the social dangers and that girls grew out of their troublesome tendencies during lengthy preventative detention rather than being reformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrea joined the Prison Service in 1990 following a 6-year career in the Army as a nurse. She has been operational throughout this period, first as a prison officer, working within the hospital wing of HMP Brixton where there was no integral sanitation and three men shared a cell built for one, then working through the grades to become a Governing Governor. She has seen and lived the history of the Service over these years including many challenging and defining moments. She has governed four prisons including two women’s prisons and two male local/reception prisons. She believes wholeheartedly that we use prison too much and inappropriately, particularly for women offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines AIDS activism in women's prisons in the 1980s and 1990s United States through a focus on incarcerated women's creation and display of panels for the AIDS Quilt. It argues that AIDS Quilt panels made in prison reflected the potential of incarcerated activists to use creative expression as a tool of illustrating and exercising care work inside and against the carceral state. This care work challenged the convergence of state abandonment and state violence that helped define the Reagan-Bush and Clinton eras, and it articulated the issue of women and HIV/AIDS as a problem both of illness and of caregiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article examines Inside-Out pedagogy with qualitative data from an evaluation at a women's prison as a case study of uneasy alignments between opposing systems. The Article analyzes student data from pre and post course surveys and follow up interviews scheduled within the year after the course was completed. Hearing from people most impacted by how emotionality and rationality are circumscribed within the prison classroom leads to recognizing the conditional connections formed in Inside-Out classes as "bounded relationships." This concept emphasizes the physical boundaries and interpersonal regulations associated with incarceration and situates their impact on education in prison within the broader context of alienation and constrained autonomy imposed by the criminal legal system. This boundedness shapes experiences in the class and afterwards and may undermine the radical intentions of Inside-Out, with lessons for other attempts at bridging or aligning disparate approaches or systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on transgender housing in prisons and the implications of New York's Gender Expression Non-Discrimination Act. Topics include experiences of Ashley Diamond, a transgender woman who suffered sexual assault multiple times while incarcerated in men's prisons despite her pleas to be transferred to a safer facility; and challenges of accommodating transgender people in prisons and the political controversy surrounding housing trans women in women's prisons.

The Prison for Women, Kingston Penitentiary, and Collins Bay Penitentiary each offered an increasing variety of vocational training opportunities to incarcerated people in the mid-20th century. This article examines vocational training in these Kingston-area prisons from 1950 to the mid-1960s and argues that access to these programs was based largely on gender and age. Foucault's idea of governmentality supports analysis of how the Penitentiary Service of Canada, reformers, and prisoners understood the process of learning how to work. Women incarcerated at the Prison for Women were trained in fields that mirrored domestic labour, and limited numbers of younger women were given access to trial vocational training in women-dominated fields such as hairdressing. Young men in their teens and twenties incarcerated at Collins Bay Penitentiary were given access to skilled trades, while older men at Kingston Penitentiary could try to qualify for transfer to Collins Bay Penitentiary by taking basic educational course upgrades. These vocational programs were supported by the John Howard Society of Ontario and the Elizabeth Fry Society of Kingston, local prisoner aid societies that helped formerly incarcerated people find jobs and coordinated with prison administration to bolster rehabilitation programs. La Prison des femmes, le Pénitencier de Kingston et le Pénitencier de Collins Bay offraient chacun une variété croissante de possibilités de formation professionnelle aux personnes incarcérées au milieu du 20e siècle. Cet article examine la formation professionnelle dans ces prisons dans la région de Kingston de 1950 au milieu des années 1960 et soutient que l'accès à ces programmes était largement basé sur le sexe et l'âge. L'idée de gouvernementalité de Foucault soutient l'analyse de la façon dont le Service des Pénitenciers du Canada, les réformateurs et les prisonniers ont compris le processus d'apprentissage du travail. Les femmes incarcérées à la Prison des femmes ont été formées dans des domaines qui reflétaient le travail domestique, et un nombre limité de jeunes femmes ont eu accès à une formation professionnelle à l'essai dans des domaines à prédominance féminine comme la coiffure. Les jeunes hommes dans l'adolescence et la vingtaine incarcérés au Pénitencier de Collins Bay ont eu accès à des métiers spécialisés, tandis que les hommes plus âgés du Pénitencier de Kingston pouvaient essayer de se qualifier pour être transférés au Pénitencier de Collins Bay en suivant des cours de formation de base. Ces programmes professionnels ont été soutenus par la Société John Howard de l'Ontario et la Société Elizabeth Fry de Kingston, des sociétés locales d'aide aux prisonniers qui ont aidé les anciens incarcérés à trouver un emploi et ont cordonné avec l'administration pénitentiaire pour renforcer les programmes de réadaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article seeks to demarcate the limits of the female correctional project implemented in Córdoba during the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century. To this end, we study the confinement of women who, not having committed any crime, were placed in the Cárcel del Buen Pastor (Good Shepherd Prison). Through the analysis of the notions of authority communicated by this confinement and the transgressions to model ideals on which it was based, the aim is to extend the scope of this correctional project, which is revealed as a producer and reproducer of a gender order that is understood to be convenient for the development of the ruling elites project of domination. The sources used were the records of admission and discharge from prison and provisions and communications from the Government of the Province of Córdoba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminologists are increasingly concerned with how incarcerated persons navigate dominant carceral discourses. Insights from narrative criminology reveal that individuals draw on a variety of available discursive resources to adopt, subvert or negotiate dominant messages around what it means to be punished. This article draws on yearlong ethnographic observations inside one US state women's prison to examine whether and how religion matters for responsibilization discourses promoted by state actors. Examining a case study of Protestant prison activities, I find that religious discourses served dual purposes in light of responsibilization. Interpretively, by describing prison as part of God's plan, they offered a meaningful counterpoint that mitigated punitive discourses from prison officials. In practice, responsibilization discourses, filtered through the coercive carceral context, re-emerged through a normative religious lens with regard to prison rules and state authority. Considered at the intersection of race, class and gender, this article interrogates how women may draw on discourses from competing institutions such as religion in constructing self-narratives and enacting responsibilization, and how this matters for state control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the activism of women prisoners and how it led to reforms at the Detroit House of Correction, which was located in Plymouth, Michigan, and managed by the City of Detroit. Focus is given to the influence of the women's movement and feminist jurisprudence on prison activism in Michigan during the 1970s. Mary Glover's prison experience and the class action lawsuit Glover v. Johnson (1979) are also discussed.

This article examines women's experiences of participating in 'Healing Trauma'; a gender‐responsive, trauma‐informed intervention delivered in women's prisons in England. Victimisation and trauma are prevalent among women in the justice system but are not perceived to be amenable to criminal justice intervention, and there are compelling arguments that correctional environments are inappropriate settings for trauma‐informed programmes. This article analyses focus group discussions with women who completed Healing Trauma to examine the legitimacy of developing trauma‐informed practice in prisons. The women's testimonies indicate that Healing Trauma offers a meaningful opportunity to begin to explore past victimisation that has contributed to their criminalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When issues emerge in women's imprisonment, criminology often responds with narratives of 'difference'. In this article we respond to the call of Barbara Hudson, and generate a 'criminology of diversity' instead. We present the case of Vietnamese women in Victoria, Australia, whose incarceration is increasing at an alarming rate. According to government discourse, this increase occurs because Vietnamese women in Victoria have a distinct 'problem gambling' pathway to crime that is supported by Vietnamese lending arrangements. Seeking to disaggregate and denature this essentialist and reductionist narrative, we draw on the accounts of specialist Vietnamese community workers to explore the various meanings and significance of gambling in the lives of Vietnamese women in Victoria. We further engage with the work of Paul Gilroy on diasporic identities and Ghassan Hage on vacillations to illustrate what is gained by recognizing the overlaps, parallels and points of divergence that form within and between 'different' groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the story of destitution, discrimination and intergeneration incarceration of Irish Famine refugees at the Newcastle Industrial School and Reformatory for Girls in New South Wales driven by colonial policies and their Irish Famine origins. Topics discussed are devastation laid by oppressive system of British government in Ireland, Irish Famine orphan girls and the Earl Grey immigration scheme, and link between Irish Famine immigrants and internee daughters in Australia.

Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecoes: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the science-based diagnostic observation in a Dutch girls' reformatory in the 1950s. Scientisation of the observation implied that to the medical examination upon entry and observation of a child's behaviour were added a psychological assessment, a psychiatric examination, and an inquiry into the family of origin. Inspired by dynamic psychology it was part of a strategy to promote a more professional and individualised treatment in child protection. The research addresses the claims to an additional value of child science in this procedure. It turns out that the psychological and psychiatric knowledges weighed heavier than the input from non-academic staff in regard to the representation of a girl in the observation report and advice to the juvenile court. Information concerning a girl's observed behaviour and acceptance in the group was overruled by Freudian beliefs regarding the consequences of early childhood experiences for her unconscious feelings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that early twentieth-century reform schools for black girls in the United States educated children in heteronormativity to restrict their possibilities for entering the social order. Delinquency for black girls in the Progressive Era was bound up with excessive sexuality and perverse kinship. I examine institutional materials from the Virginia Industrial School, a reform school for black girls established in 1915, to show how the institution had to prove its students were capable of sexual reform despite their race and thus was preoccupied with gender and sexual propriety based on white middle-class norms. Schools promised reform through heterosexualization, and the Virginia Industrial School claimed to prepare children for marriage, domesticity, and reproduction. However, this was a false promise that attempted to trap black girls in a form of indentured servitude to white middle- and upper-class families. While the school spoke with pride of students who left to get married, in reality most students aged out of the institution and became apprentices for local white families. The school deemed children's own families unfit, so a return to home and kinship was impossible. The school trained girls in gender and sexual norms to displace them from their own economic, sexual, or reproductive futures outside the institution. I consider how this carceral institution that imagined itself as a school gives us insight into how the confinement of black girls in the twenty-first century continues to make false promises to girls based on racialized sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whereas prisons had previously been thought of as transitory places for those awaiting trial, the new prison system aimed at the reformation of convicts. In Spain the first organisation set up to improve prison conditions was the Señoras de las Cárceles. This article shows how the Señoras attempted to erase the sexual aspect of women's prisons and create instead a morally acceptable space in which to educate female prisoners. Their practices reveal how changing ideas about punishment and education, sexuality and gender, entered the Spanish penal system, permeated civil society and facilitated the transition to a different legal regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to explore how different physical activities assisted in the development of interpersonal relationships and the self-construction of new identities for a group of women prisoners during their period of incarceration. Using qualitative research, sixteen women between the ages of 23 and 62 were interviewed, all of whom had participated in sport and physical activities within the prison. It was found that those activities constituted a new way of socialising for imprisoned women. Such increase of interpersonal relationship influenced participants' (re)categorization, reinforcing considerably their belongness into a new group who attempted, through physical practices, to move away from addictions associated with the prison environment and build up a new positive identity that would improve their psycho-social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State Industrial Home for Women at Muncy in Pennsylvania opened in 1920 just as the reformatory movement began to wane and quickly became the sole correctional institution for women in the state, besides county jails. Despite the broader population that Muncy housed, traditional reformatory ideals were still supported and enforced. Yet the practices and programming of the institution also exemplified the changing economic and social role of women in society. Using recently uncovered primary sources from the institution, this article places Muncy within the broader context of the reformatory movement and argues that its dual emphasis played a significant role in its respect and longevity as an institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discriminatory attitudes directed at women who nonfatally self-harm have been documented in psychiatric wards and medical settings, especially in Accident and Emergency departments. Such attitudes constitute a “moral code,” which surrounds the act of self-harm and subjects it to negative comparison to accidents, physical illness, and completed suicide. What is less clear, however, are the characteristics of that moral code which governs self-harm in prisons, despite the fact that high rates of self-harm in women’s prisons are well known. Reporting the findings of a research project in one English prison, this article identifies the characteristics of that “moral code” and the way it affects the experiences of women in prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive rates of child abuse and neglect (CAN), substance abuse disorders (SUDs), and mental health problems have been reported among incarcerated women. The link between CAN, SUDs, and eating disorders is well-documented, but little is known about the eating-disorder behaviors of incarcerated women. The purpose of this study was (a) to explore eating-disorder behaviors among incarcerated women in Israel; (b) to examine whether certain types of CAN are associated with eating disorders; and (c) to study the link between CAN, SUDs, mental health problems, and eating disorders. This cross-sectional study investigated eating-disorder behaviors in a sample of 62 incarcerated women in Israel. The findings indicated a high prevalence of eating disorders among incarcerated women; almost 70% exhibited the drive for thinness, which is considered a central feature of eating disorders. In addition, the findings revealed a high prevalence of CAN (84.2%), especially emotional abuse (57.9%) and emotional neglect (73.7%). I also found a high rate of co-occurrence of CAN, SUDs, mental health problems, and eating disorders. Bulimia nervosa, ineffectiveness, and low impulse regulation were found to be associated with SUDs and mental health problems (p = 0.006, p = 0.032, and p < 0.001, respectively). The findings highlight the intersection of trauma with self-destructive behaviors, including co-occurrences of SUDs, eating disorders, and severe mental health problems as a result of negative childhood experiences, suggesting a need for simultaneous treatment interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manifestations of violence and conflict analyzed in this article are based on empirical data from 538 questionnaires applied to women held in prisons in Spain's eleven Autonomous Communities, classified as being in the second or third stage of completing their sentences, under two regimens: 'ordinary' and 'open life'. The survey was conducted as part of the project Drug-addict women inmates. Data were systematized in ibm 15 and spps 20, and statistical analyses were both descriptive and inferential. The aims of the study were to demonstrate the interdependence between violence and conflict, recount manifestations of this dyad in the prisons, and elucidate the proposals for solutions elaborated by both the women inmates themselves and prison officials; actions that generated a complex and tense peace process. The essay ends with a discussion of the social importance of penitentiary education in the context of a culture of peace that seeks to transform conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emphasises the importance of locating contemporary abolitionist social movements within a continuum of broader struggles against structural injustice. Previous decades have seen the re-emergence of women’s penal reform programmes framed as progressive solutions for alleviating the structural disadvantages and harms associated with imprisonment. Abolitionists have provided fierce critiques of the risks these pose in reinforcing the legitimacy and scale of imprisonment. However, we have yet to articulate a clear vision regarding the utility of reform in relation to decarceration strategies. In presenting a critical exploration of anti-carceral feminist campaign work in Victoria, Australia, this paper advocates the need to move beyond the simplistically conceived dualism of reform and abolition. The analysis explores how anti-carceral feminists have used reform as a resistance strategy within Victorian anti-discrimination campaigns in the 1980s and 1990s. Placed in historical context, these campaigns demonstrate the transformative possibilities and risks associated with the necessary navigation and pursuit of reformist strategies that is fundamental to a politics and practice of abolition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay forms part of a research on Hawai'i's Women Prison Writing Project and the Prison Monologues and interrogates social justice failures in the carceral archipelago. Topics covered include the performative context of the monologue presentations against a context of violence faced by women, a lacuna in the scholarship that privileges male prison writing and delegitimizes women's prison writing, and the ways in which the carceral and colonial regimes impinge upon the women's lives.

Incapacitation, the removal of dangerous people from society, is one of the most significant penal rationales in the United States. Mass incarceration emerged as one of the most striking applications of this theory, as policy makers shifted from rehabilitative efforts toward incapacitation in jails and prisons across the country. Women have been uniquely devastated by this shift toward incapacitation. Indeed, the United States is home to the largest and fastest growing women's prison population in the world. Of the women incarcerated in jails and prisons, nearly seventy percent were the primary caretakers of small children at the time of their arrest and approximately eighty percent are of reproductive age. Notwithstanding these alarming trends, the gendered dimensions of incapacitation have largely been underexplored in the scholarly literature. Rather, women's incarceration has been theorized as an unintended consequence of the punitiveness directed toward Black men. This Article aims to bridge this discursive gap by highlighting the specific ways in which incapacitation has been used as a means to regulate the bodies and reproductive capacities of marginalized women. The Article advances this claim in three ways. First, by mapping the historical function of women's prisons as a mechanism to restore and regulate "fallen women" who deviated from traditional norms associated with femininity and motherhood. Second, by examining the ways in which contemporary women's prisons similarly regulate women's identities as mothers. Instead of attempting to rehabilitate women, however, contemporary women's prisons incapacitate women who engage in behavior or possess characteristics that diverge from traditional maternal norms. Indeed, through what the Article terms the "incapacitation of motherhood," women prisoners are alienated from their children, denied reproductive care, humiliated during pregnancy and postpartum recovery, and in some cases, sterilized. Lastly, contesting these practices and the incapacitation of motherhood, this Article calls for the use of a robust legal framework, informed by the principles of reproductive justice that are more protective of the reproductive capacities of incarcerated women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the treatment that women inmates received in two federal prisons in Mexico that were sites of attempts to implement prison reform: the ex-Acordada and Belén. The study analyzes key characteristics of the inmates, examines how women prisoners were included in prison regulations in general, and describes the modifications made to the areas set aside for women in those prisons after the implementation of initiatives of prison reform, especially in relation to topics like work and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport Sciences / Magallat ulum Al-Riyadat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The United States currently incarcerates more than two million men and women, the majority of whom struggle with poor mental health, substance abuse, and limited job prospects. Research suggests that access to natural environments improves personal and social well-being. Well-designed and well-built correctional landscapes have the potential to positively influence the lives of incarcerated people by improving their mental health and reentry outcomes and by reducing stress and fatigue among staff. This cannot happen without the active and committed involvement of landscape architects with the expertise to design environments that enhance the well-being of those who live and work in correctional facilities. We invite landscape architecture professionals to use their expertise to enhance and transform the correctional landscape, and we offer seven actions to facilitate such involvement. These actions emerged from lessons learned through three successful design-build projects inside Iowa's only women's state prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]