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The use of mineral-based fillers tends to reduce the mechanical properties of paper, which can limit their application. The filler surface modification is a significant treatment to overcome this limitation. This research aims to offer a novel modified mineral-based filler to provide its industrial application. The surface of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was modified with xylan (XS), which is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is used as a filler at different filler dosage levels in paper pulp. Modified PCC(MPCC) was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The analysis demonstrated that the MPCC filler surface was coated with XS successfully. The effect of PCC and MPCC-filled hand-sheet paper physical, chemical and optical properties were studied. The experimental results showed that the mechanical (tensile, burst, tear strength) and optical (brightness, opacity) of hand-sheet paper filled with MPCC were significantly improved compared with unmodified PCC-filled paper at the same ash content. The filler retention of PCC and MPCC fillers in paper was investigated, and the MPCC filler showed better filler retention properties in paper stock than the PCC filler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cationic starch serves as a prevalent wet‐end additive in the papermaking industry. Yet, the definitive effects of the ratio between the two principal components—amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP)—and the degree of substitution (DS) on the mechanical strength enhancement of paper sheets remain incompletely understood. This study synthesizes a series of quaternized amylose (QAM) and quaternized amylopectin (QAP) with varying DS levels and blended these derivatives in diverse ratios. Subsequently, these mixtures are integrated into pulp suspensions to ascertain the DS and the AM‐to‐AP ratio that optimize paper strength. These results indicate that a QAM‐to‐QAP blend with a DS of 0.08 at a ratio of 2:8 yielded the most pronounced improvement in paper mechanical properties. This precise formulation significantly enhances tensile, burst, and tear strength indices, increasing by approximately 55.0%, 44.4%, and 78.4%, respectively, under the most favorable conditions and with an additive dosage of 1 wt.%. This investigation provides substantive and actionable knowledge for selecting starch additives in the wet‐end of papermaking, which can significantly augment the efficiency and efficacy of paper manufacturing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papermaking, packaging, and printing industry are actively seeking sustainable material alternatives to address growing concerns about environmental consciousness and finite resources. Synthetic latex, a frequently utilized binder in paper coating formulations, present difficulties due to their dependence on fossil fuel resources and their reduced recyclability in comparison to eco‐friendly sustainable products. In this study, synthetic latex was replaced with a starch‐based nanoparticle (starch NP) binder at a 1:1 ratio in a coating formulation. Printing trials to assess colorimetric characteristics was made using electrophotography (EP) printing, given the current upward trajectory and expansion of EP technology into the label, packaging, and folding carton sectors. The in‐depth investigations reveal that incorporating starch NP binder result in improved optical, color, and dot characteristics. Moreover, it maintains consistent and comparable coefficients of friction. Partial replacement of synthetic latex with the starch NP binder yields significant enhancements in surface roughness and text quality. Importantly, the starch NP binder not only improves the dielectric relaxation properties of the paper and enhances toner transfer but also accelerates the distribution of the electrical field compared to synthetic latex, optimizing toner transfer and thereby enhancing color gamut volume. The study demonstrates that employing the starch NP binder leads to substantial improvements in colorimetric performance without any drawbacks in EP printing, making it highly advantageous to replace 50% of the synthetic binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Papermaking nanofibers-derived N -doped carbon aerogels were constructed with Cd crosslinking and volatilization. • Fe-SAC@N/CA-Cd with single-atom Fe-N 4 structure was developed via a CVD strategy. • The Fe-SAC@N/CA-Cd exhibited superb ORR activity due to plentiful active species, ultra-high S BET and hierarchical pore architecture. • The assembled LES-ZAB and ASS-ZAB provided encouraging performances. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), with precisely controlled metal atom distribution and adjustable coordination architecture, have gained intensive concerns as efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in Zn-air batteries (ZAB). The attainment of a monodispersed state for metallic atoms anchored on the carbonaceous substrate remains the foremost research priority; however, the persistent challenges lie in the relatively weak metal-support interactions and the instability of captured single atom active sites. Furthermore, in order to achieve rapid transport of O 2 and other reactive substances within the carbon matrix, manufacturing SACs based on multi-stage porous carbon substrates is highly anticipated. Here, we propose a methodology for the fabrication of carbon aerogels (CA)-supported SACs utilizing papermaking nanofibers, which incorporates advanced strategies for N -atom self-doping, defect/vacancy introduction, and single-atom interface engineering. Specifically, taking advantages of using green and energy-efficient feedstocks, combining with a direct pore-forming template volatilization and chemical vapor deposition approach, we successfully developed N -doped carbon aerogels immobilized with separated iron sites (Fe-SAC@N/CA-Cd). The obtained Fe-SAC@N/CA-Cd exhibited substantially large specific surface area (S BET = 1173 m2/g) and a multi-level pore structure, which can effectively mitigate the random aggregation of Fe atoms during pyrolysis. As a result, it demonstrated appreciable activity and stability in catalyzing the ORR progress (E 1/2 = 0.88 V, E onset = 0.96 V). Furthermore, the assembled liquid electrolyte-state Zn-air batteries (LES-ZAB) and all-solid-state Zn-air battery (ASS-ZAB) also provides encouraging performance, with a peak power density of 169 mW cm−2 for LES-ZAB and a maximum power density of 124 mW cm−2 for ASS-ZAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petroleum‐based compounds are widely used to enhance the hydrophobicity of paper but compromise its biodegradability. The development of biocompatible natural materials for the hydrophobic treatment of paper is of great significance. This study used corn starch (St) as raw material and prepared double‐modified starch (PT‐St) through dual modification of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and tetradecyl succinic anhydride (TDSA). The conditions for double modification starch were optimized through single‐factor and orthogonal experiments. The effects of PT‐St modified starch on the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and barrier properties of different paper types were studied. The results showed that the tensile index of 100% waste pulp (WEP), wood pulp (hardwood pulp: softwood pulp = 7:3) (WDP), and 100% bamboo pulp (BOP) coated with PT‐St increased by 44.11%, 37.41%, and 20.39%, respectively, and the contact angle was 118.42°, 120.17° and 122.37°, respectively. The water vapor transmission rate decreased by 35.03%, 20.32% and 21.83%, respectively. This new hydrophobic‐enhanced modified starch has considerable potential application potential in food packaging paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the modification of fiber morphology and the strength property development of paper from Enset fiber as a function of soda pulping conditions and refining energy. Soda pulping was conducted at pulping temperatures between 160 and 180 °C. The NaOH charge was 16, 20, and 24% based on the initial raw material. The beating of pulp was conducted using a Jokro mill. The refining of pulp was conducted in a laboratory refiner at different refining intensities. The mild Jokro mill beating was not effective on Enset fiber pulp. On the other hand, the laboratory refiner effectively refined the pulp. The fiber morphology was altered in the way of improving the paper formation and strength. The beating degree of the pulp was increased to about 49 °SR. The tensile index was enhanced to around 80 Nm/g using a refining energy input of 250 kwh/t. From the results, it can be concluded that Enset fiber pulp is suitable for packaging papers due to its high strength level. On the other hand, Enset fiber can be a potential raw material for specialty papers like filter paper and tea bags because of its high porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton stalk is one of the most high-quality biomass resources with a wide range of applications, such as building boards, chemical product raw materials, fuel, and papermaking. China is one of the major cotton-producing countries in the world. The planting area (3×106 hm²) has been ranked third in 2022, leading to the very abundant cotton stalk resources. The cotton stalks can be fully utilized to accelerate the green and low-carbon development of agriculture. Mechanical harvesting can be expected to efficiently remove the cotton stalks from the field. However, the current uprooting machine also needs to be improved and optimized for the cotton stalk. In this research, a clamping-type uprooting device with variable stiffness was designed for a high uprooting rate and low clamping breakage rate. The variable rigidity clamping was adjusted as follows. The flexible rubber clamping was used to prevent the cotton stalk from breaking; A rigid support structure was designed on the outside of the rubber block to obtain a greater clamping force. The better performance was achieved by clamping tightly without breaking the cotton stalk. The uprooting was also improved for the two scenarios of breakage and slippage. The device often consisted of a dividing disk, variable stiffness clamping and pulling mechanism, and tensioning guide mechanism. The dividing disk was used for the orderly feeding of cotton stalks; The variable stiffness clamping and pulling mechanism was used to realize the clamping and pulling of cotton stalks; The tensioning guide mechanism was to effectively control the clamping force and gap of cotton stalks. Two sets of chains were utilized to drive multiple clamping blocks, indicating a simple and reliable structure. Moreover, the frictional heating of traditional flexible belt mechanisms was avoided in this structure. A mechanical analysis was carried out on the cotton stalk pulling motion and the interaction between the variable stiffness clamp and the cotton stalk. The critical structural dimensions and operating parameter ranges were determined for the variable stiffness clamping device. A systematic investigation was made to clarify the influencing factors on the quality of clamping and pulling. The response surface method (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of the forward speed, the rotational speed of the active sprocket, and the clamping force on the stalk uprooting performance of the variable stiffness clamping and pulling device. The field test validated the simulation. The results showed that there was very consistency between the experimental and theoretical predictions, when the forward speed was 0.68 m/s, and the sprocket speed was 95 r/min. The tension force was 1 792 N, and the cotton stalk uprooting rate was 94.70%. The relative error between the measured and predicted uprooting rate value was 1.67%, which was less than 5%. The leakage rate and breakage rate of variable stiffness clamping and uprooting devices were 3.99% and 1.32%, respectively, compared with the existing devices of 5.19% and 3.68%, respectively. Therefore, the leakage rate and breakage rate of the device were reduced by 23.1% and 64.13%, respectively, compared with the former. The variable stiffness gripper effectively reduced the cotton stalk breakage to realize the whole stalk uprooting. The finding can provide new ideas to design the variable stiffness clamps, in order to optimize and improve the cotton stalk pullers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the hygroscopicity of heated tobacco's core materials, rolled tobacco sheet was taken as the research object, the effects of external environmental relative humidity, glycerol mass fraction and particle size of tobacco powder on its hygroscopicity were investigated through the single factor experiment. The differences in hygroscopicity of tobacco sheets prepared by rolling method, thick pulp method and paper making method were compared. The first-order and second-order adsorption kinetic models were used to fit and analyze the moisture absorption kinetic characteristics of rolled tobacco sheet. Further investigation was conducted on the hygroscopic thermodynamic properties of rolled tobacco sheet using six common adsorption models. The results showed that environmental relative humidity and mass fraction had the greatest impact on hygroscopicity, the higher the environmental relative humidity and the glycerol mass fraction, the stronger the hygroscopicity. The effect of particle size of tobacco powder on hygroscopicity was insignificant. The hygroscopicity of rolled tobacco sheet was comparable to that of tobacco slices produced by thick pulp method, and both were stronger than that of tobacco slices produced by paper making method. The moisture absorption time curve of rolled tobacco sheet was more in line with the second-order adsorption kinetics model, and its moisture absorption isotherm curve was more in line with the Peleg model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial draws a parallel between important papermaking innovations that were implemented by Mahatma Gandhi and some more recent ventures in papermaking in India. Both of these examples share common themes of fostering the skills of local people, using local resources, and contributing to a better future. A key insight is the scaling of the equipment to be well matched with the size of the production team and enabling a broad range of product grades. The case study considered introduces a modern twist -- using papermaking to achieve circularity in the production of textiles. As in the early days of European papermaking, once again waste textile products are serving as the primary source of material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bast fiber from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) has long been utilized for handmade paper in Asia, serving as a prominent non-wood cellulose material. When restoring paper cultural assets, selecting a similar paper to the original ensures longevity and prevents deterioration issues like warping or tearing. The production of handmade paper involves several processes, including refining, steaming, and bleaching of raw materials. Once formed into sheets, the physical properties of the paper are dictated by these materials and remain unchanged unless the paper is newly made. Handmade paper production is labor-intensive and timeconsuming, emphasizing the need for careful raw material selection to match desired characteristics. This study evaluated the dendrological, morphological, anatomical, and chemical compositions of three papermulberry wood types cultivated in Korea and inferred their suitability as pulp for papermaking or repair of archival paper specimens. Papermulberry wood showed differences in fiber length according to molecular phylogenetic characteristics, but there were no differences in anatomical characteristics owing to the immaturity of the wood. This study investigated the characteristics of the bast fibers from the bark of papermulberry trees with different genetic traits to identify favorable factors likely to affect the pulp and papermaking process and paper quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of laboratory beating on unbleached regular grade pine kraft pulp (UPKP), pre-treated with commercial cellulase/hemicellulase enzymatic preparation (C/HEP) were assessed using degrees of Schopper-Riegler (°SR) and fibre-quality numbers (FQN). The tests showed a significant increase in the °SR (used in papermaking laboratories and industry to assess the degree of beating) of the UPKP after its enzymatic pre-treatment in the amount of 0.25 to 5.0 mL/kg of pulp and beating. However, only a several percent reduction of beating time was observed when the effect of this pretreatment of pulp on the speed of its beating was determined using another method. The treatment of the pulp selected for research with C/HEP before beating negatively influenced its strength properties after this process. The results correlated well with the most important basic fiber properties from the standpoint of papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The valorization potential of industrial walnut pruning wastes was investigated as a value-added product. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was prepared from walnut pruning wastes via hydrated choline chloridelactic acid deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-LA DES) pretreatment followed by grinding, and these were used as paper strength additives. The effect of reaction time on NFC properties were investigated and compared. The structure of nanocellulose was determined by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheological analysis. The results show that carboxylated NFC having high aspect ratio could be successfully isolated after DES-pretreatment with the average diameter of 39 to 77 nm. Prepared NFC was added to the bulk suspensions of papermaking slurries at various percentages (up to 8%) together with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). The drainage and electrokinetic properties of the pulp and mechanical properties of fabricated handsheets were analyzed and compared. The addition of 1% NFC to the bulk suspensions increased tensile index by 14.2% and burst index by 6.3%. There were further increases observed up to 71.8% in tensile index and up to 72.3% in burst index at 8% NFC addition. Results indicate that DES pretreated cellulose nanofibrils have great potential as reinforcing agent in papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

CaCl2 solution and Ca(OH)2 slurry, both prepared from marble waste (MARWAS), were carbonated with CO2 gas in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Teepol-610s, Triton X-100, and Tween-80 as the surface modifiers in a semi-batch foam-bed reactor (FBR) to synthesize ultrafine or submicron precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) particles with enhanced hydrophobicity. Nano/ultrafine PCC particles with and without surfactant were also synthesized in a semi-batch stirrer reactor (SR) using CaCl2 solutions made from MARWAS and NH4HCO3 as the carbonating agent by single or simultaneous application of ultrasonication (US) and surfactant, respectively. The products were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and drop-shape analyzer. In the presence of SDS in the FBR, distinct and smaller hydrophobic (water contact angle of 103.3°) vaterite particles (426 nm) could be produced using CaCl2 solution than those with the Ca(OH)2 slurry. However, in the SR, methanol was more effective than the aqueous solvent in synthesizing needle-like aragonite nanoparticles (215.6 nm with L/D = 8.55) from CaCl2 solution without any use of US or surfactant. Handmade papers were manufactured using ground MARWAS powder, modified- and unmodified-PCC. The physical, mechanical, and optical properties of these filler-loaded papers were determined. The use of surface-modified and unmodified PCC was superior to the commercial PCC in increasing filler retention, burst strength, tear strength, brightness, and opacity of the paper handsheets. Even the direct use of MARWAS powder was more effective than ground calcium carbonate in enhancing the optical properties with a slight decrease in the mechanical strength. Utilization of marble waste into papermaking [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bougaard, an emerging South African creative practitioner, examines games from her “Coloured” childhood community in Eden Park, Johannesburg, and how these games may offer a window into a reframed Kullid identity. She considers the rhymes used in these games and the role of language—specifically Afrikaaps—in identity formation, and explores through papermaking and art installations the social contexts and meanings embedded in these games. In this article, the authors analyse Bougaard’s use of sculpture, papermaking and printmaking techniques both to mediate and to subvert conventionalised tropes and stereotypes of “Coloured” communities as well as to empower a sense of her familial and community-based identity through an emergent Kullidness. The authors focus on selected paper works and on three mixed media installations (2021–2022). The authors complicate any reading of these works as uncritically affirmative of a declamatory and essentialist identity position by proposing Bougaard’s visual strategies as premised upon mediation, ambivalence, indexicality, and refuting iconicity. The authors identify Bougaard as deploying elements of strategic essentialism in her desire for community visibility and visual sovereignty, and the authors therefore critique the benefits and the limitations of this approach, concluding that Bougaard’s choice of mediating strategies avoids a simplistic narrative of community life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to bioaerosols can result in severe infection and even death, prompting the development of numerous air filters to capture and inactivate bioaerosols. Although the wettability of filter media determines its bioaerosol‐capture efficiency, the dynamic collision behavior of multiscale aqueous bioaerosols on most filter media is poorly understood. A double‐gradient Janus paper (Janus paper) with a pore‐size gradient, asymmetric wettability, and biocidal and bioadhesion properties is fabricated in this study using an industrially available papermaking process. The dynamic collision behavior at the micrometer and millimeter scales indicates that the Janus paper enables the full‐scale blocking and/or capture of aqueous aerosols by a two‐step mechanism where the water‐repellent top layer blocks large‐size aqueous aerosols, while the hydrophilic bottom layer permits the adherence of small‐size aerosols to its fibers. The Janus paper exhibits a higher capture and inactivation capacity (inactivation efficiency: 98.3%), better dust‐holding capacity (> 21 g m−2), and a longer lifetime than commercial filter media. Commercial air purifiers comprising the Janus paper exhibit high potential for large‐scale commercial applications owing to the facile, low‐cost, and scalable fabrication method. This study enables future research on efficient and practicable Janus‐paper filter media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay charts the way that ideas of nature, life and disease generated new approaches to Europe's documentary culture between roughly 1650 and 1950. Training its focus on the medium of paper, specifically the essay, reveals conceptual intersections between caretakers of libraries and archives and naturalists or physicians whose focus was the entomology or bacteriology. The recognition of the fundamentally organic nature of books (animal, vegetable, mineral, in a Linnaean sense) invited fresh vocabularies and practices of care and preservation. The essay first explores how book lovers—often encouraged by learned societies or state agencies in the eighteenth century—campaigned against insects whose habitat lay between the covers of precious tomes. It then traces how nineteenth-century microscopy and bacteriology informed notions of sickness or 'pathology' in books. It ends by describing the efforts to remediate these impairments in the twentieth century: to deploy chemistry and medicine as therapies for bringing imperilled papers back to health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recyclable paper based on photochromic materials not only reduces the pollution in the paper manufacture process, but also reduces the pollution caused by the use of ink, which receives wide attention. In this paper, a series of phosphomolybdic acid–phosphotungstic acid/ZnO/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PMoA-PWA/ZnO/PVP) hybrid films, which had different ratio of PMoA/PWA, was prepared by the ultrasonic composite method. The results indicated that the hybrid film prepared when the ratio of PMoA to PWA was 3 had the best photochromic performance. In this system, ZnO was the photosensitizer, while PMoA/PWA was the chromophore. The photochromic mechanism of the PMoA-PWA/ZnO/PVP hybrid film was based on the photogenerated electron transfer mechanism. ZnO generated photoelectron under the excitation of visible light, then PMoA and PWA obtained the photoelectron and produced photoreduction reaction to generate heteropolyblue. The visible light photochromic paper was prepared by loaded PMoA-PWA/ZnO/PVP hybrid film (A3) on A4 paper. Application tests showed that the prepared paper had extremely stable, excellent and reversible visible light photochromic properties, whether it was printing patterns or words, and could replace ordinary paper to realize the reuse of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main drawback of recycled fibers is the deterioration of fiber bonding dependent papermaking properties (like tensile, tear and burst indexes) due to the hornification effect, as a results of drying during papermaking. In order to improve the papermaking properties through increasing fiber bonding, an alkaline treatment of Old Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) followed by fractionation were carried out in this investigation. Alkaline treatment dissolved 6.6 % organics (carbohydrates and lignin) and fibers became wider as a results of fiber swelling. The alkali treatment decreased fines from 39.9 % to 28.5 %, consequently, decreased drainage resistance from 26 °SR to 21 °SR. The papermaking properties of OCC pulp increased on alkaline treatment. Fiber fractionation of alkaline treated OCC further increased papermaking properties. At 40 °SR value, the tensile index, burst index and tear index of alkaline treated longer fiber fraction was 49 N m/g, 3.2 kPa m2/g, 7.2 mN m2/g, respectively while it was 40.4 N m/g, 2.1 kPa m2/g and 6.1 kPa m2/g, for non-treated longer fiber fraction, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary fiber papermaking wastewater (SPW) has received increasing interest because of its enormous discharge, typical high COD, and low biodegradability. The dense and compact structure of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) results in a high sludge concentration in the sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (SBBGR), which provides superior conditions for the treatment of highly concentrated wastewater. This study constructed an SBBGR to treat SPW, investigated the changes in the species and structural characteristics of pollutants during wastewater treatment, and analyzed the dominant populations that can degrade pollutants in the SPW. The results showed that SBBGR had a good treatment effect on SPW and the removal rates of COD, TN, TP, SS, and color were 90.3 %, 81.9 %, 85.2 %, 73.1 %, and 75.1 % respectively with the influent organic load of 8.1 kg COD m−3 d−1, which was attributed to its outstanding biodegradability. The types and quantities of aromatic compounds in SPW were significantly reduced, according to the results of FTIR, UV–vis, and GC-MS. Microbial community analysis showed that the presence of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Macellibacteroides, Chlorobium, and Brachymonas in the SBBGR was responsible for the outstanding biodegradation of pollutants in the SPW. In summary, the treatment of SPW with SBBGR is extremely promising for applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim is to highlight the little-known facts of the biography and the main milestones of the life and work of the Archimandrite of Yelysei Pletenetskyi, the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, his role in the development of Ukrainian culture, science, and enlightenment in the first quarter of the seventeenth century, thereby honouring the memory of the great Lavra enlightener. The author uses various research methods along the lines of the new social history, as well as comparative historical, problematic chronological, microhistorical, and everyday history. The scientific novelty lies in the coverage of little-known facts of the archimandrite’s biography and activities, which allow us to speak more specifically about the origin of Yelysei Pletenetskyi and new archival finds that correct or expand the known information. Conclusions. The figure of the archimandrite of the Kyiv-Pechersk Monastery, Yelysei Pletenetskyi, is one of the most prominent figures in the Ukrainian cultural space of the turn of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but he has not yet received a separate thorough study. Pletenetskyi’s undoubted merits include the foundation of the institute of preaching, the Lavra intellectual circle, the first school, the establishment of the Lavra printing and papermaking house in Radomyshl, participation in the restoration of the Orthodox hierarchy in 1620, the regulation and improvement of monastic life, and charitable activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bakong (Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merr.) is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows abundantly in certain parts of the Philippines. This study investigates Bakong fibers' potential as a pulp source for papermaking. Furthermore, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) produced from the fibers was used as an additive in the Bakong fiber-based hand sheets at 2%, 6%, and 10% w/w, and their effects on their strength properties were observed. The soda pulping method produced Bakong pulp with a total yield of 47.36%. Proximate chemical analysis showed that the method reduced the lignin content from 13.19% to 8.76%, and the resulting pulp was successfully formed into paper hand sheets. The strength properties of the hand sheets were tested, and the resulting burst index, tear index, tensile index, and folding endurance values were 5.98 kPa/m2·g, 6.41 mN·m2/g, 105.97 N·m/g, and 626 double folds, respectively. Aside from the tear index, the Bakong hand sheets' strength properties were much higher than that of locally produced commercial printing paper. The addition of MFC on the hand sheets negatively affected the burst and tensile index values of the Bakong hand sheets but significantly improved the tear index up to 6% w/w. These results show that the pulp produced from the Bakong fibers can potentially be used as an alternative source of pulp for papermaking, but further optimization of the pulping process is recommended to increase the yield, lower lignin content, and improve compatibility with the MFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Flexible electrothermal heaters have attracted abundant attention in recent years due to their wide applications, but their preparation with high efficiency remains a challenge. Here in this work, a highly stable and bending-tolerant flexible heater was fabricated with graphite nanosheets and cellulose fibers through a scalable papermaking procedure. Its electrothermal property can be enhanced by a hot-pressing treatment and introduction of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) during the papermaking protocol. The flexible heater may quickly reach its maximum temperature of 239.8 °C in around 1 min at a voltage of 9 V. The power density was up to 375.3 °C cm2 w−1. It appeared to have a high tolerance for bending deformation with various curvatures, and the temperature remained stable even under 100 bending with frequency of around 0.17 Hz. Over 100 alternatively heating and cooling cycles, it worked stably as well. It was proved to be used as wearable heating equipment, soft heaters, and aircraft deicing devices, suggesting its great prospect in the field of heat management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the influence of the layered structure of paper on its selected strength properties. Two types of cellulose pulp were used: unbleached kraft pine pulp (UBSK) and unrefined bleached birch kraft pulp (BHK). Multi-ply papers were obtained from layers of appropriate grammage formed separately and bonded in a wet state. Paper layers were formed from primary pulps (UBSK and BHK) or their mixtures (threeply UBSK-BHK paper and three-ply UBSK-BHK-UBSK paper), from which various variants of laboratory paper samples were made. This work focused on three-layer papers. The obtained laboratory sheets were analysed for changes in tear resistance, tensile strength, bursting strength, short span compression strength (SCT), and corrugating medium test (CMT). In most cases, three-layer structures were characterised by higher strength parameters than single-layer papers. The tear strength and SCT of papers consisting of three layers formed from both mixed pulps were slightly lower than those of solid papers. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing three-ply paper with significantly reduced variability in parameters such as elongation and bursting strength, which are inherently subject to high variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of vascular bundles and the mechanical properties of fibers are crucial factors determining the utilization of bamboo. This study investigated the structure of vascular bundles and evaluated the morphological and micromechanical properties of the fibers in Oligostachyum sulcatum. The results showed that the fiber length and width of O. sulcatum meet the requirements of raw materials for the papermaking process. However, the fiber content in O. sulcatum is relatively low, which may increase the cost of papermaking. The vascular bundle growth exhibited non-uniformity, especially at the top part, with no discernible pattern in bundle area changes. The nanoindentation testing demonstrated that the bamboo's indentation modulus of elasticity (IMOE) and hardness values were comparable to those of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), suggesting its potential as a substitute in engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grease-proof paper is an energy-demanding paper product to manufacture, especially during refining and dewatering. Increases in energy efficiency in either stage could result in major savings. This article investigates the potential gains with addition of a stepwise progression vacuum suction box to the forming section during production. For both a lighter, 50 g/m², and a heavier paper grade, 100 g/m², with a pulpdrainability of 86 °SR, a stepwise progression vacuum suction box in four steps would result in increased dryness, simultaneously with decreased energy expenditure. The observed effects were higher for the lower basis weight paper (50 g/m²). Both basis weights experienced clogging of the forming fabric due to the high degree of refining. This adversely affected the dewatering rate, decreasing the amount of air pulled through the paper even when increasing the vacuum pressure. When a stepwise progression suction box in four steps was compared to a single vacuum suction box, there was a 14% increase in dryness for lighter paper, over an equal energy consumption, measured as amount of air pulled through the paper. For the 100 g/m² paper, the increase in dryness was 3% compared to the 50 g/m² paper run over a single vacuum suction box. The results show great promise for energy savings when utilizing stepwise progression suction box dewatering for grease-proof paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAAE) is a permanent wet strength resin used in papermaking. When applied to paperboard, some amount of resin is retained in the sheet, and some is lost to the white water. The papermaker usually knows the amount of PAAE charged to the pulp but has no idea how much chemical is retained in the sheet. In addition, the influence of PAAE dosage, freeness, zeta potential, and pulp kappa number variability on PAAE retention is not well understood. Factorial design experiments using unbleached and bleached softwood (loblolly pine) kraft pulps were conducted to understand the factors that affect PAAE retention. The results revealed that PAAE retention, wet tear index, and tensile index not only depended on the PAAE charged of the pulp but also depended significantly on the pulp freeness. In lieu of freeness, zeta potential data can be used to predict PAAE retention. In addition, at similar freeness, bleached pulp has the highest retention of PAAE compared to low and high kappa unbleached kraft pulps. The results also suggest that lignin may have potential as a wet strength agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continually increasing demand for papermaking materials and simultaneously growing disproportion between the request for fiber and the limited resources of wood have forced scientists and the papermaking industry to search for the new sources of fibrous raw materials. A new promising set of raw materials for papermaking comes from energy crops. This paper presents Sida hermaphrodita Rusby L., as a non-woody raw material for papermaking. From the studies of chemical composition, it follows that cellulose content of more than 40% characterizes phloem of stems and branches, whereas in xylem exhibits more than 32%. The lowest is the concentration of cellulose in leaves and flowers of Sida. The content of lignin is lower than 24% and 16% in stem xylem and phloem, respectively. In Sida, hemicelluloses and mineral substances stand for being not more than 30% and 2%, respectively. The morphology of Sida cells is similar to hardwood, with fiber length of 0.383, 0.470 and 1.025 mm for parenchyma, xylem, and phloem, respectively. The chemical composition of Sida hermaphrodita together with its morphological characteristics make this raw material suitable for a production of papers intended for printing, writing and tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis methods of isothiazolinone compounds, the modification methods of each site and the application progress in the fields of industry, agriculture and medicine are reviewed. The kind of compound has a wide range of biological activities, such as high efficiency, low toxicity and broad spectrum. It is mainly used in sterilization, algae killing, anticorrosion, antifouling and so on. It is a hot spot in the field of chemical research in recent years. At present, there are commercial products such as Kathon and Sea- Nine 211 (DCOIT). Isothiazolinone compounds play an important role in industrial and agricultural production and life. The application and research progress of isothiazolinone and its derivatives in medicine, pesticide, coating, textile, papermaking, leather making and other fields in recent years were discussed. Finally, the development direction and application prospect of isothiazolinone compounds were prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artificial cultivation and management were extensively carried out in Dendrocalamus brandisii stands. However, the influences of artificial management on the anatomical and chemical characteristics of the bamboo culms were unknown. In this study, the fiber morphology, chemical composition and sugar accumulation of the D. brandisii culms with management and without management were compared in order to determine the influences of artificial management on bamboo culms. The results indicated that artificial management had a significant influence on the fiber morphology, resulting in shorter fiber length, larger L/T ratio, and smaller W/Lu value. However, the management not only increased the contents of moisture, ash, SiO2, and extractive, but also increased the holocellulose contents and decreased the lignin contents, as compared to those without management. Moreover, the management significantly increased the endogenous carbohydrates storage in the culms so as to improve the shoot production. The bamboos under management conditions could still be utilized as a raw material for papermaking. This provided a theoretical basis for the artificial management of D. brandisii stands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continually increasing demand for papermaking materials and simultaneously growing disproportion between the request for fiber and the limited resources of wood have forced scientists and the papermaking industry to search for the new sources of fibrous raw materials. A new promising set of raw materials for papermaking comes from energy crops. This paper presents Sida hermaphrodita Rusby L., as a non-woody raw material for papermaking. From the studies of chemical composition, it follows that cellulose content of more than 40% characterizes phloem of stems and branches, whereas in xylem exhibits more than 32%. The lowest is the concentration of cellulose in leaves and flowers of Sida. The content of lignin is lower than 24% and 16% in stem xylem and phloem, respectively. In Sida, hemicelluloses and mineral substances stand for being not more than 30% and 2%, respectively. The morphology of Sida cells is similar to hardwood, with fiber length of 0.383, 0.470 and 1.025 mm for parenchyma, xylem, and phloem, respectively. The chemical composition of Sida hermaphrodita together with its morphological characteristics make this raw material suitable for a production of papers intended for printing, writing and tissue.

Grease-proof paper is an energy-demanding paper product to manufacture, especially during refining and dewatering. Increases in energy efficiency in either stage could result in major savings. This article investigates the potential gains with addition of a stepwise progression vacuum suction box to the forming section during production. For both a lighter, 50 g/m2, and a heavier paper grade, 100 g/m2, with a pulp-drainability of 86 °SR, a stepwise progression vacuum suction box in four steps would result in increased dryness, simultaneously with decreased energy expenditure. The observed effects were higher for the lower basis weight paper (50 g/m2). Both basis weights experienced clogging of the forming fabric due to the high degree of refining. This adversely affected the dewatering rate, decreasing the amount of air pulled through the paper even when increasing the vacuum pressure. When a stepwise progression suction box in four steps was compared to a single vacuum suction box, there was a 14% increase in dryness for lighter paper, over an equal energy consumption, measured as amount of air pulled through the paper. For the 100 g/m2 paper, the increase in dryness was 3% compared to the 50 g/m2 paper run over a single vacuum suction box. The results show great promise for energy savings when utilizing stepwise progression suction box dewatering for grease-proof paper production.

As increasing fiber hydrophobicity can significantly improve the paper dewatering process, we found that replacing SBKP and HBKP with 0.5% superhydrophobic CPGMA can significantly improve the dewatering of paper sheets. Therefore, it can be concluded that if CPGMA has little effect on paper properties, it will have potential industrial value in the papermaking industry. Consequently, it is necessary to further study the effect of the CPGMAs@CPAM/SiO2/APAM system on paper properties. To evaluate the application potential of the system in the papermaking industry, we investigated the effects of CPGMAs, which replaced the fibers in the stocks, on the paper properties in the CPAM/SiO2/APAM system. The findings demonstrate that as the CPGMA replacement increased, the paper's tensile strength, bursting strength, tear resistance, and folding endurance all declined. The trend can be segmented into two phases: a rapid decrease for substitution amounts below 0.5% and a gradual decline for substitution amounts exceeding 0.5%. When replaced with a small amount of CPGMAs, there was a negligible effect on these properties. Second, the paper air permeability increased with the CPGMA substitution amount in the stock. Furthermore, the trend of paper air permeability can be divided into two stages—a rapid stage with a substitution amount of <0.5% and a slow stage with a substitution amount of >0.5%. A small amount of CPGMAs could distinctly improve the paper's air permeability. Third, CPGMAs, which replaced fibers in the stock, minutely affected the paper formation. A small amount of CPGMAs substantially boosted the efficacy of the process of paper manufacture and certain characteristics of the paper, and it had a negligible impact on the strength of paper. The CPGMAs@CPAM/SiO2/APAM technology has the potential to improve the retention and filtration performance of CPAM/SiO2/APAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study expands the investigation of a mathematical method for predicting the airflow rate during the vacuum dewatering process of papermaking based on our previous research. By integrating poroelastic theory and initial saturation thickness, based on experimental data with a range of 20–60 kPa pressure difference and 20-200 g · m − 2 basis weight, a mathematical method with a semi-theoretical model for compression characteristics of the wet fiber web, the poroelastic porosity model (PEPM), was developed to support and expand on our previously established empirical model for porosity variations in wet fiber web, the variable porosity model (VPM). The accuracy of the mathematical method with the PEPM in predicting the airflow mass flux passing through the wet fiber web was validated using experimental data with a range of 0–60 kPa pressure difference and 20-200 g · m − 2 basis weight. The mean relative errors with the PEPM within the pressure difference range of 0-20 kPa and 0-60 kPa were 7.68% and 8.80%, respectively, compared to 17.44% and 11.67% for those with the VPM, demonstrating the improved applicability and generalization of the mathematical method, particularly in the zone of low pressure difference exceeding the range of the modeling experimental data. The PEPM effectively revealed the strain hardening behavior during the compression process and the diminishing returns of energy in the vacuum dewatering process with an increasing pressure difference. The developed mathematical method with the PEPM for the compression characteristics of the wet fiber web provides an effective and accurate way to predict the airflow rate during the vacuum dewatering process of papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study deals with an examination of strategies for the sequential treatment of corn stalks (CSs) in an integrated manner aiming to obtain papermaking fibers and to recover both lignin and hemicelluloses (HCs). Several pathways of valorization were experimentally trialed, focusing on getting information from mass balance analysis in an attempt to reveal the potential outcomes in terms of pulp yield, chemical composition, and papermaking properties such as tensile and burst strength. The raw lignin amounts and purity as well as separated hemicelluloses were also characterized. In this work, pulp yields in the range of 44–50% were obtained from CSs, while lignin and hemicelluloses yielded maximum values of 10 g/100 g of CS and 6.2 g/100 g of CS, respectively. Other findings of mass balance analysis evidenced that besides the papermaking pulp, the lignin and HCs also have interesting output values. The recovered lignin yield values were shown to be less than 50% in general, meaning that even if 67 to 90% of it is removed from CSs, only about half is recovered. The removal rates of hemicelluloses were found to be in the range of approx. 30 to 60%. About 15 to 25% of the original HCs could be recovered, and polysaccharides-based products with 67 to 75% xylan content could be obtained. Some key opinions were developed regarding how the mass balance could turn as a result of the chosen CS valorization set-up. The determined antioxidant activity showed that both lignin and hemicelluloses had interesting values for IC50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a shortage of resources, exploring new biomass fillers has become critical for paper making. In this study, we reported an eco-friendly strategy for fabricating low-cost and efficient recycled paper with high mechanical properties using corrugated cardboard waste paper and harmless municipal sludge (HMS). First, the characteristics of HMS, including the particle size, pH, specific surface area, organic functional groups and organic component content, were analyzed. Then, the influence of the amount of HMS on the properties of the recycled paper was studied. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of biomass filling recycled paper was discussed. The results showed that HMS, a biomass filler for recycled paper preparation, exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties, with a median particle size of 6.395 μm, a surface area of 39.974 m2 g−1 and organic functional groups. The tensile index of the recycled paper with 30 % HMS was 13.10 Nm/g, which was 16.4 % greater than that of the unfilled paper and showed better thermal stability. This excellent performance could be attributed to the uniform distribution of HMS on the fiber surface, which improved the accessibility of hydrogen bond formation between fibers. Thus, this study proved that HMS was an excellent biomass filler for producing recycled paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]