11,416 results on '"*LEAD zirconate titanate"'
Search Results
2. Domain switching and shear-mode piezoelectric response induced by cross-poling in polycrystalline ferroelectrics.
- Author
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Hall, D. A., Daniel, L., Watson, M., Condie, A., Comyn, T. P., Kleppe, A. K., and Withers, P. J.
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LEAD zirconate titanate , *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *ELECTRIC fields , *STRAIN tensors , *X-ray diffraction , *ELECTROMECHANICAL effects , *SHEAR strain - Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to the electromechanical response of piezoelectric ceramics in the shear mode have been investigated using high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Soft lead zirconate titanate ceramic specimens were subjected to an electric field in the range 0.2–3.0 MV m−1, perpendicular to that of the initial poling direction, while XRD patterns were recorded in transmission. At low electric field levels, the axial strains remained close to zero, but a significant shear strain occurred due to the reversible shear-mode piezoelectric coefficient. Both the axial and shear strains increased substantially at higher field levels due to irreversible ferroelectric domain switching. Eventually, the shear strain decreased again as the average remanent polarization became oriented toward the electric field direction. The lattice strain and domain orientation distributions follow the form of the total strain tensor, enabling the domain switching processes to be monitored by the rotation of the principal strain axis. Reorientation of this axis toward the electric field direction occurred progressively above 0.6 MV m−1, while the angle of rotation increased from 0° to approximately 80° at the maximum field of 3.0 MV m−1. A strong correlation was established between the effective strains associated with different crystallographic directions, which was attributed to the effects of elastic coupling between grains in the polycrystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Dynamic control of elastic wave transmission by a digital metalayer.
- Author
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Hong, Guangfu, Jia, Han, Yang, Yu, Yang, Yunhan, Yang, Yuzhen, Yang, Jun, and Yuan, Xujin
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DIGITAL control systems , *WAVE energy , *PIEZOELECTRIC materials , *ACOUSTIC impedance , *ELASTIC waves , *LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
Piezoelectric materials with shunt circuits have aroused much research interest due to flexible parameter adjustment. However, shunted piezoelectric elements are difficult to respond to the dynamic changes in the whole system due to the absence of autonomous control ability, which constrains their practical applications. Here, we propose a digital metalayer to control the wave energy transmission across different materials in real time. This digital metalayer comprises a stack of multiple piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) disks connected with shunt capacitance circuits (SCCs). The external digital control system adjusts the effective acoustic impedance of the PZT disks through digital potentiometers and microprogrammed control unit, thereby enabling digital manipulation of wave transmission. Utilization of optimized SCCs further enhances adjustment accuracy, supporting both negative and positive capacitance values. The experiments demonstrate that this digital metalayer exhibits remarkable performance in controlling wave transmission. Moreover, the distinct variations in transmitted amplitudes, precisely controlled by the digital metalayer, are harnessed as binary signals for information transmission. An image of letters is encoded into a series of amplitude-modulated waves by the digital metalayer and clearly transmitted. The proposed digital metalayer shows great promise for applications in intelligent impedance matching and the real-time modulation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Substrate dependence of the self-heating in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) MEMS actuators.
- Author
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Song, Yiwen, Kang, Kyuhwe, Tipsawat, Pannawit, Cheng, Christopher Y., Zhu, Wanlin, LaBella, Michael, Choi, Sukwon, and Trolier-McKinstry, Susan E.
- Subjects
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LEAD zirconate titanate , *ACTUATORS , *THERMAL conductivity , *FINITE element method , *MEMS resonators , *MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems , *ENERGY dissipation - Abstract
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films offer advantages in microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) including large motion, lower drive voltage, and high energy densities. Depending on the application, different substrates are sometimes required. Self-heating occurs in the PZT MEMS due to the energy loss from domain wall motion, which can degrade the device performance and reliability. In this work, the self-heating of PZT thin films on Si and glass and a film released from a substrate were investigated to understand the effect of substrates on the device temperature rise. Nano-particle assisted Raman thermometry was employed to quantify the operational temperature rise of these PZT actuators. The results were validated using a finite element thermal model, where the volumetric heat generation was experimentally determined from the hysteresis loss. While the volumetric heat generation of the PZT films on different substrates was similar, the PZT films on the Si substrate showed a minimal temperature rise due to the effective heat dissipation through the high thermal conductivity substrate. The temperature rise on the released structure is 6.8× higher than that on the glass substrates due to the absence of vertical heat dissipation. The experimental and modeling results show that the thin layer of residual Si remaining after etching plays a crucial role in mitigating the effect of device self-heating. The outcomes of this study suggest that high thermal conductivity passive elastic layers can be used as an effective thermal management solution for PZT-based MEMS actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Characterization and calibration of a piezo-energetic composite film as a reactive gauge.
- Author
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Messer, Derek K., Örnek, Metin, Nunes, Cohen T., Paral, Mark W., and Son, Steven F.
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PROPELLANTS , *PRESSURE sensors , *DIFLUOROETHYLENE , *ALUMINUM films , *BINDING agents , *CALIBRATION , *LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
The field of multifunctional energetics encompasses a range of materials including propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics that possess the ability to be manipulated through various characteristics that can be switched between go and no-go, or those that have controllable energy release levels or have additional functions beyond energetic output. The development of multifunctional energetics harnessing electromechanical or piezoelectric properties of polymeric materials or binder systems has garnered increasing interest in recent years. Among polymers, fluoropolymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and copolymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)], which are used as the binder and oxidizer in the energetic formulations, have demonstrated the highest piezoelectric coefficients. In this study, we fabricated piezo-energetic composite films using aluminum nanopowders (10 wt. % active content) as fuel and P(VDF-TrFE) (70/30) as an oxidizer and investigated the piezoelectric response using a small-scale drop weight setup. Additionally, we employed a shaker setup to investigate the response of the films to vibrations. Our findings demonstrate that these piezo-energetic films can replicate the behavior of a commercial PVDF gauge at relatively low-pressure impacts, indicating their potential use as shock or pressure sensors in various fields, as well as an accelerometer gauge. Additionally, aging studies of up to one year indicated minimal loss in the energetic content of the created films, enabling the use of energetic gauges for an extended period. Our findings support the effectiveness of piezo-energetic composite films as pressure sensors or accelerometers and highlight their potential for energetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Design and Analysis of Highly Sensitive Piezoelectric Actuated Accelerometer
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Gayatri, Manda Krishna Sai Lakshmi, Kovvasu, Raju, Meher, Prabina Kumar, Bisoi, Alfa, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Chakraborty, Suman, editor, Misra, R. D., editor, Patowari, P. K., editor, and Chakraborti, Prasun, editor
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- 2025
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7. Comparison of different aspect ratios on piezoelectric potential of ZnO, BaTiO3, and PZT-4 nanorods for the development of tactile sensor.
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Ahmed, Rehan and Kumar, Pramod
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PIEZOELECTRIC materials , *TACTILE sensors , *ZINC oxide , *BARIUM titanate , *PERMITTIVITY , *LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
The present study explores the effect of aspect ratios on the piezoelectric potential strength of three different materials. Three different piezoelectric materials, including zinc oxide (ZnO), barium titanate (BaTiO3), and standard lead zirconate titanate (PZT-4), have been discussed in the simulation. Among these materials, the ZnO nanorod is receiving a significant attention due to its promising piezoelectric performance and biocompatibility. The simulation results show that the ZnO nanorods exhibit greater piezoelectric potential among these three materials due to the lower dielectric constant. This result is in contrast to the fact that the highest piezoelectric coefficient (d33) belongs to PZT and the lowest d33 value for ZnO. Further, the simulation study explores the effect of applied pressure on nanorods and the aspect ratio of the nanorods on their piezoelectric performance. These simulation results can be used and optimized for sensitivity and performance in the design of pressure tactile, haptic, and robotics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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8. Piezoelectric energy harvester with outstanding output performance at low frequency vibration based on concentrating force on the piezoelectric element by parallel springs.
- Author
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Hao, Yifan, Luo, Hongzhi, Lu, Xinyue, Huang, Jiawei, Chen, Hang, and Yang, Tongqing
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FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems , *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *STAINLESS steel , *LEAD titanate , *LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
This paper proposes a piezoelectric energy harvester that concentrates force on the piezoelectric element by parallel springs. When vibrating, the force exerted by the mass is released at three equal points on the surface of the brass substrate through three parallel springs. This concentrated release of energy through the spring amplification effect facilitates large deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet, resulting in a higher charge output. The results show that under the combined action of a 14 g annular hollow mass and a 0.3 mm wire diameter stainless steel spring, the energy harvester based on the lead zirconate titanate ceramic exhibited an outstanding output power of 1.0–32.1 mW at a low resonance frequency with acceleration amplitudes of 0.5–3 g (1 g = 9.8 m/s2). More importantly, to match the vibration frequency of the actual environment, this paper optimized the structure of the harvester and proposed that the harvester can be designed by selecting the weight of the mass block, the parameters and number of springs, and the shape of the brass substrate. The energy harvester designed in this study is expected to capture energy from low-frequency natural environments and exhibit outstanding output performance, which can provide guidelines for future efforts in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. 3D-printed piezoelectric ceramics with auxetic structure for high-performance sensing applications.
- Author
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Wei, Jiaqi, Hu, Xiaopin, Li, Yirui, Bian, Zhiyao, Yan, Kang, and Wu, Dawei
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PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *POISSON'S ratio , *PIEZOELECTRIC devices , *THREE-dimensional printing , *ULTRASONIC equipment , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *AUXETIC materials - Abstract
Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in a wide range of applications. In the development to enhance their application performance, designing special structures is considered as a potential strategy. However, piezoelectric ceramics with complex structures are difficult to realize due to their hard and brittle nature. In this work, a negative Poisson's ratio structure (auxetic) is introduced into preparing a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic using the 3D printing method. The 3D-printed complex structural ceramics show expected piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties as well as good vibration performance. After encapsulation, the device possesses ultrasonic sensing properties and shows 5–8 times better mechanical sensing performance compared to conventional block ceramics. These results indicate that the 3D-printed auxetic structure improves the deformability and sensitivity of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, which opens up more possibilities for the fabrication of new and excellent piezoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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10. Energy storage behaviors and synchronously electric modulations of photoluminescence in Er/Yb‐codoped Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.90Ti0.10O3 and AgNbO3 antiferroelectrics: A noncontact charge/discharge monitoring method
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Yang, Bingqing, Chen, Xingyu, Xie, Jiaxing, Huang, Lijuan, Wu, Xiao, Zhao, Chunlin, Lin, Tengfei, Gao, Min, and Lin, Cong
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LEAD zirconate titanate , *REVERSIBLE phase transitions , *PHASE transitions , *ENERGY storage , *SPACE groups - Abstract
Antiferroelectric (AFE) Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.90Ti0.10O3 (PLZT) and AgNbO3 (AN) ceramics were fabricated codoped with 1 mol% Er and various contents of Yb3+ ions. The ceramics exhibit good energy storage performances and electric‐field‐controlled photoluminescence (E‐PL) intensity modulations, both of which are attributed to the reversible AFE‐ferroelectric phase transition that accompanies a structural evolution. Accordingly, a noncontact energy charge/discharge monitor is proposed based on the E‐PL effect, which is convenient and safe for the high‐energy density capacitors. Besides, the PLZT and AN ceramics exhibit opposite E‐PL behaviors that are caused due to different crystal space group transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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11. Fabrication of BiScO3–PbTiO3/epoxy 1–3 piezoelectric composites for high‐temperature transducer applications.
- Author
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Hu, Liqing, Jin, Ruoqi, Qiu, Chenyu, Ren, Xiaodan, Wang, Sanhong, Xu, Zhuo, Tian, Hua, Li, Xiaotian, and Yan, Yongke
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PIEZOELECTRIC transducers , *PIEZOELECTRIC composites , *ULTRASONIC transducers , *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *THERMAL stability , *LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
1–3 piezoelectric composites are widely used in piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers due to their high thickness electromechanical coupling factor. However, the applications of the composites in high‐temperature fields are limited by the low heat resistance of both the piezoelectric and polymer phases. To tackle this, we designed and fabricated the BiScO3–PbTiO3/epoxy high‐temperature 1–3 piezoelectric composites. These composites exhibit a high thickness electromechanical coupling factor kt of 63%, a large piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 470 pC/N, and a pure thickness vibration mode. Furthermore, we fabricated a high‐temperature transducer based on the BiScO3–PbTiO3/epoxy 1–3 composites. The bandwidths of the composites measured in water and silicone oil (30% and 23%, respectively) are approximately 1.65 times greater than those of monolithic piezoelectric ceramics (18% and 14%, respectively). The bandwidth of the transducer can be increased to 78% by adding a porous alumina backing layer, with the working temperature reaching up to 300°C. The results indicate that the BS–PT/epoxy 1–3 composite is a potential candidate for high‐temperature transducer applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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12. Advancement in piezoelectric nanogenerators for acoustic energy harvesting.
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Jean, Fandi, Khan, Muhammad Umair, Alazzam, Anas, and Mohammad, Baker
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RENEWABLE energy sources ,ENERGY harvesting ,NANOGENERATORS ,ELECTRICAL engineering materials ,MATERIALS science ,LEAD zirconate titanate ,NANOWIRES - Abstract
The demand for sustainable energy sources to power small electronics like IoT devices has led to exploring innovative solutions like acoustic energy harvesting using piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs). Acoustic energy harvesting leverages ambient noise, converting it into electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect, where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress or vibrations. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements in PENG technology, emphasizing their role in acoustic energy harvesting. We begin by discussing the essential principles of piezoelectricity and the design considerations for nanogenerators to optimize energy capture from sound waves. The discussion includes a detailed examination of various piezoelectric materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, which are known for their superior piezoelectric properties. A critical aspect of this review is the exploration of innovative structural designs and resonance devices that enhance the efficiency of PENGs. We delve into the mechanisms and benefits of using Helmholtz resonators, quarter-wavelength tubes, and cantilever beams, which are instrumental in amplifying acoustic signals and improving energy conversion rates. Each device's design parameters and operational principles are scrutinized to highlight their contributions to the field. The review addresses practical applications of PENGs in various domains. Environmental monitoring systems, wearable electronics, and medical devices stand to benefit significantly from the continuous and sustainable power supplied by PENGs. These applications can reduce reliance on batteries and minimize maintenance by harnessing ambient acoustic energy, leading to more efficient and longer-lasting operations. Despite the promising potential of PENGs, several challenges remain, including material degradation, efficiency limitations, and integrating these devices into existing technological frameworks. This paper discusses these obstacles in detail and proposes potential solutions to enhance the longevity and performance of PENG systems. Innovations in material science and engineering are crucial to overcoming these hurdles and realizing the full potential of acoustic energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Tribovoltaic performance of the Schottky contact between metal and PZT ceramic.
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Sriphan, Saichon, Worathat, Supakarn, Pakawanit, Phakkhananan, Hajra, Sugato, Kim, Hoe Joon, and Vittayakorn, Naratip
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LEAD zirconate titanate , *OXIDE ceramics , *CURRENT-voltage characteristics , *ELECTRONIC equipment , *ELECTRIC fields - Abstract
The sliding contact between a metal or semiconductor with another semiconductor can lead to a new charge generation mechanism known as the tribovoltaic effect. This effect has several advantage over the more common triboelectric effect, such as a higher rate of charge transfer and the ability to produce a direct current (DC) output directly via the junction interface. During operation, the junction interface produces a built-in electric field. In this study, we investigate the tribovoltaic effect on sliding between copper and unpoled lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic. It was found that the contact between the metal and semiconducting oxide ceramic leads to the Schottky junction effect, which can effectively drive frictionally excited charges to an external load. By increasing the applied stress to PZT, we observed different current-voltage characteristic curves. The proposed electronic band behavior determines the electrical output direction in the tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG). This direction depends on the built-in electric fields formed at the junction. The performance of the TVNG was tested in both series and parallel connections, observing clearly improved electrical outputs for both. The proposed TVNG can efficiently power small electronic devices, such as LEDs, and charge capacitors in a short period of time. This work expands the understanding of unconventional transport mechanisms through the Schottky contact of PZT and metal, and provides fundamental knowledge for the future development of tribovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. A new PZT-enabled device for monitoring prestress loss in post-tensioned prestressed structures.
- Author
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Mo, Di, Zhang, Liuyu, Wang, Long, and Wu, Xiaoguang
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HILBERT-Huang transform , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *STRUCTURAL health monitoring , *TIME reversal , *WAVE energy - Abstract
Anchorage performance monitoring plays an important role in ensuring the safety of prestressed structures. Over the past decades, traditional structural health monitoring (SHM) methods, such as vibration, magnetoelastic, and acoustoelastic methods, have been plagued by low sensitivity and high susceptibility to environmental and temperature interference. Lead-Zirconate-Titanate (PZT)-enabled active sensing method has proven its effectiveness in prestress monitoring. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a new device that utilises the relationship between energy transfer and contact stress at the interface. This device addresses the existing problem of signal saturation and offers higher sensitivity for practical implementation. First, the time reversal (TR) method was used to overcome the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in traditional methods. Based on this, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method was employed to process the acquired signals, thereby improving the stability of the data. A quantitative index for monitoring prestress loss was proposed by normalising the peak value of the reconstructed signals. Finally, several repeated experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Design of a bulk-lead zirconate titanate ultrasonic transducer array addressing specific excitation modes.
- Author
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Song, Shoupeng and Wei, Minghui
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ULTRASONIC transducers , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *ULTRASONIC arrays , *ULTRASONIC testing , *ULTRASONIC waves - Abstract
Conventional ultrasonic transducer arrays generally use simultaneous or delayed excitation methods to generate various types of wave fronts in ultrasonic testing. Such array excitation modes are relatively simple and unable to maximize the functions of the array elements or element apertures. Accordingly, this study developed a novel excitation ultrasonic transducer array with flexible excitation aperture. A minimum row-column-addressing planar array structure for ultrasonic transducers based on bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT) was designed for industrial ultrasonic testing. In addition, a transducer structure design scheme and truth table for array addressing with excitation logic were provided. By performing an acoustic field simulation, this study analyzed the relationship between the longitudinal amplitude and resonant frequency of the array elements and the impedance distribution. The transducer was fabricated and packaged using a circuit board and bulk PZT array elements. Testing revealed that the resonant frequency of the array was 1.07 MHz, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient was 0.40, and the fractional bandwidth of the pulse echo response and spectrum was 38.46%. Using an aluminum block, performance in single-element, row-, column-, and full-array excitation was tested, and echo curves were obtained for multiple apertures. Using a single-circuit module, the transducer realized flexible gating and excitation of the array elements. The research provided a new method for industrial ultrasonic transducer array design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Advanced Structural Technologies Implementation in Designing and Constructing RC Elements with C-FRP Bars, Protected Through SHM Assessment.
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Angeli, Georgia M., Naoum, Maria C., Papadopoulos, Nikos A., Kosmidou, Parthena-Maria K., Sapidis, George M., Karayannis, Chris G., and Chalioris, Constantin E.
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STRUCTURAL health monitoring ,CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics ,LEAD zirconate titanate ,CONCRETE beams ,REINFORCING bars - Abstract
The need to strengthen the existing reinforced concrete (RC) elements is becoming increasingly crucial for modern cities as they strive to develop resilient and sustainable structures and infrastructures. In recent years, various solutions have been proposed to limit the undesirable effects of corrosion in RC elements. While C-FRP has shown promise in corrosion-prone environments, its use in structural applications is limited by cost, bonding, and anchorage challenges with concrete. To address these, the present research investigates the structural performance of RC beams reinforced with C-FRP bars under static loading using Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) with an Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI) system employing Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric transducers which are applied to detect damage development and enhance the protection of RC elements and overall, RC structures. This study underscores the potential of C-FRP bars for durable tensile reinforcement in RC structures, particularly in hybrid designs that leverage steel for compression strength. The study focuses on critical factors such as stiffness, maximum load capacity, deflection at each loading stage, and the development of crack widths, all analyzed through voltage responses recorded by the PZT sensors. Particular emphasis is placed on the bond conditions and anchorage lengths of the tensile C-FRP bars, exploring how local confinement conditions along the anchorage length influence the overall behavior of the beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Effect of electron channeling in the crystal lattice of radiant spherulites
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M.V. Staritsyn, V.P. Pronin, I.I. Khinich, A.N. Krushelnitsky, S.V. Senkevich, E.Y. Kaptelov, and I.P. Pronin
- Subjects
thin films of lead zirconate titanate ,spherulites ,radially-radiant microstructure ,electron kikuchi channeling ,Physical and theoretical chemistry ,QD450-801 - Abstract
The paper presents the results of the microstructure study of spherulitic islands in thin films of lead zirconate titanate, characterized by either a non-uniform radial rotation of the crystal lattice (radiant microstructure) or a uniform rotation, which allows one to detect Kikuchi lines of electron channeling. Thin lead zirconate titanate films were obtained by a two-stage method of radio-frequency magnetron sputtering of a ceramic target: deposition onto a «cold» platinized silicon and glassceram substrates, followed by high-temperature annealing to obtain islands of the perovskite phase surrounded by a matrix of the low-temperature pyrochlore phase. To study the cross section, a lamella was prepared, the study of the microstructure of which showed that the rotation of the crystal lattice in the perovskite spherulite occurs uniformly throughout the entire thickness, and it is not a manifestation of some near-surface effects. It was found that the rate of rotation of the crystal lattice in spherulites with a radial-radiant structure is approximately two times less than in spherulites with a radially uniform rotation; a model of translational rotation of the crystal lattice with the formation of dislocations and partial relaxation of mechanical stresses is proposed; it is assumed that the lattice rotation velocity is limited by the elasticity limit of the thin film. It is assumed that the Kikuchi image in spherulitic islands consisting of crystalline grains is determined by both the identical growth texture and the orientational correlation of the grains in the plane of the film; an analysis and interpretation of Kikuchi electron channeling lines has been carried out, which makes it possible to determine the orientation of the crystal lattice planes and growth axes in thin films.
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- 2024
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18. A low-frequency vibration energy harvester employing self-biased magnetoelectric composite.
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Su, X. S., Yang, G. G., and Fang, F.
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LEAD zirconate titanate , *ENERGY harvesting , *ELECTRIC power , *POWER resources , *OPEN-circuit voltage , *KINETIC energy - Abstract
Global energy shortage puts stringent demand for energy harvesters capable of transforming external green vibration sources into electrical power. Employing a self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) composite of FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT (lead zirconate titanate), a prototype of vibration energy harvester is designed and fabricated. The energy harvester has a circular orbit in which a permanent magnetic cylinder reciprocates once an initial kinetic energy is provided. Upon a vibration signal, like handshaking, movement of the permanent magnetic cylinder causes an alternative magnetic field, which was applied on the ME composite. Via magnetic-force-electrical coupling, the ME composite of FeCuNbSiB/Ni/PZT produces output voltage. Finite element simulation is carried out to reveal the underlying mechanism of the harvester. The analysis shows that a maximum output voltage of 7.63 V can be obtained once an original potential energy is applied for the magnet. In particular, the magnet moves back and forth automatically inside the circular orbit with no need to further apply the energy. The effectiveness of the energy output is experimentally verified. When handshaking the energy harvester, a maximum open-circuit voltage of 5.51 V can be generated. The study offers a solution for power supplying some miniaturized or portable devices, such as small hand set and pedometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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19. Effect of sub‐coercive degradation on the local piezoelectric properties in lead zirconate titanate ceramics.
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Qiao, Huimin, Jones, Jacob L., and Balke, Nina
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FERROELECTRIC materials , *PIEZOELECTRIC materials , *PIEZORESPONSE force microscopy , *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *DIELECTRIC properties - Abstract
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is a widely recognized piezoelectric ceramic exhibiting excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties over a wide range of temperature and frequency, making it desirable for applications such as capacitors, piezoelectric transducers, and actuators. Being subjected to repeated electrical loading in various applications, a progressive decrease in the functionality can happen, leading to device failure over time. Therefore, understanding degradation phenomena in all aspects is of importance to expand the lifespan of electronic devices. Despite of many studies focusing on the macroscopic properties of ferroelectrics related to degradation, such as switchable polarization, little is known about the change on local ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and the domain structure induced by degradation. This paper reports the effect of sub‐coercive electrical cycling on local static and dynamic piezoelectric properties for PZT ceramic using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The piezoelectric properties are probed along the three sample directions (x, y, z) to gain comprehensive insights into the local domain orientation throughout the bulk PZT sample which is then compared with microscopically measured piezoelectric coefficients. The PFM results are analyzed with respect to changes in domain orientation (depolarization) as well as to reduction on piezoelectric material response (degradation) to identify the origin of the degradation behavior. Our results directly show a strong depolarization effect in the direction of the applied electric field because of sub‐coercive cycling although it leads to small or even no degradation in directions perpendicular to the applied electric field. However, the latter is associated with a notable change in dynamic polarization switching properties which are strongly tied to the local domain structure. Our study shows that the origin of the degradation can be identified by analyzing the statistical change of local piezoelectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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20. Magnetoelectric effect in two-layer heterogeneous systems based on Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite and PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3/epoxy particulate piezoelectric composites.
- Author
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Kalgin, A. V.
- Subjects
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MAGNETOELECTRIC effect , *PIEZOELECTRIC composites , *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *FERRITES , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *PERMITTIVITY - Abstract
Comparison of magnetoelectric properties of two-layer heterogeneous systems based on Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite and PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 piezoelectric ceramics with ratio of the piezoelectric coefficient to the permittivity pd31/pɛ33 = 0.06 and two-layer heterogeneous systems based on Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite and PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3/epoxy piezoelectric composite with pd31/pɛ33 = 0.07 − 0.09 was carried out. It was revealed that the magnetoelectric properties of the heterogeneous systems enhance with an increase in pd31/pɛ33 for a piezoelectric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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21. Effect of ZnO submicron spheres addition on structure and properties of PZT ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering
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ZHANG Zhiwei, LIU Zhiyang, QIN Lei, and LIANG Lixing
- Subjects
lead zirconate titanate ,piezoelectric ceramic ,spark plasma sintering ,piezoelectric property ,dielectric property ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
The uniform ZnO submicron spheres composed of nanodots were synthesized by solvothermal method and then added to PZT5A powder for spark plasma sintering. The effects of ZnO addition on phase composition, microstructure and electric properties of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were studied. The results indicate that PZT ceramics with a relative density higher than 97% can be prepared by spark plasma sintering at 900 ℃ for 5 min. The addition of ZnO submicron spheres is beneficial for speeding up the sintering process and promoting the grain growth of PZT ceramics. With the increase of ZnO addition, the content of the trigonal phase increases gradually. The addition of a proper amount of ZnO submicro spheres can improve the piezoelectric and dielectric property of PZT ceramics. When the mass fraction of ZnO is 0.10%, the superior overall performance of the material is optimal, at a frequency of 1 kHz, the piezoelectric constant d33=432 pC/N, the electromechanical coupling coefficient kp=0.56, the mechanical quality factor Qm=69.8, the relative dielectric constant εr=1360, and the dielectric loss tanδ=0.0227.
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- 2024
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22. High‐Performance Ultrasensitive Flexible Piezoelectric Thin Film Sensors via a Cost‐Effective Transfer Strategy.
- Author
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Xu, Qianqian, Jia, Miao, Zhou, Peiqiong, Zhang, Yan, Guo, Wei, Zhao, Senfeng, Zeng, Hanmin, Zhang, Jianxun, Yan, Mingyang, Jiang, Shumiao, Zhou, Kechao, Zhang, Dou, and Bowen, Chris
- Subjects
- *
PIEZOELECTRIC thin films , *SUBSTRATES (Materials science) , *THIN films , *FLEXIBLE electronics , *PIEZOELECTRIC detectors , *LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
Currently, reported physical or chemical methods to produce flexible perovskite thin films rely on the use of expensive single crystal substrates or large‐scale precision equipment. Here, a high‐performance ultrasensitive piezoelectric sensor via a cost‐effective strategy is developed to enable the release of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films from an inexpensive mica substrate, which are subsequently transferred to a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The weak van der Waals interaction between the mica/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures minimizes mechanical clamping effects and provides favorable lattice and thermal matching conditions for the growth of high‐quality thin films. The transferred thin films exhibit significantly improved mechanical and functional properties, including an outstanding piezoelectric response (474.2 pm V−1) and an excellent mechanical flexibility, with a bending radius up to 1 mm. The sensor formed via the new transfer strategy exhibits a highly sensitive response to wide‐angle bending (110 mV degree−1) and small pressure changes (1.8 V kPa−1), and is successfully employed for real‐time breathing monitoring and wireless gesture recognition, thereby demonstrating its significant potential in applications related to flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Fabrication and characterization of high-temperature AlN thick-film piezoelectric accelerometer.
- Author
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Lv, Ting, Pelenovich, Vasiliy O., Xu, Chang, Zeng, Xiaomei, Hou, Dongyang, Xiong, Zechang, Yang, Bing, Dong, Fang, and Liu, Sheng
- Subjects
- *
LEAD zirconate titanate , *ALUMINUM nitride , *RADIOFREQUENCY sputtering , *MAGNETRON sputtering , *THERMAL noise , *PIEZOELECTRIC thin films - Abstract
Piezoelectric thick-film (10–100 μm) sensors are mainly manufactured using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) materials, however, their performance is limited in high-temperature environments. Therefore, this paper proposes a high-temperature aluminum nitride (AlN) thick-film accelerometer. The AlN film with a thickness of 10 μm was directly deposited on the stainless steel substrate using the reactive RF magnetron sputtering technique. Compared with the silicon-based piezoelectric accelerometer, the preparation method can improve the energy transfer efficiency of the piezoelectric layer and the fracture toughness of the cantilever beam under vibration deformation and eliminate the need for complicated photolithography, etching, and thinning while being compatible with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The experimental results indicated that the sensitivity, resonant frequency, resolution, and thermal noise (T = 300 K) of the accelerometer were 6.73 mV/g, 1193 Hz, 0.45 mg, and 39.76 nV/ Hz , respectively. Further, the designed accelerometer had long-term (6 h) and stable sensitivity at a temperature of 600 °C, indicating its broad potential for application in high-temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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24. Structural Damage Detection Using PZT Transmission Line Circuit Model.
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Vieira Filho, Jozue, Cortez, Nicolás E., De Oliveira, Mario, Lima, Luis Paulo M., and Park, Gyuhae
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- *
MULTICONDUCTOR transmission lines , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *STRUCTURAL health monitoring , *IMPEDANCE matrices , *ELECTROMECHANICAL effects - Abstract
Arrangements of piezoelectric transducers, such as PZT (lead zirconate titanate), have been widely used in numerous structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Usually, when two or more PZT transducers are placed close together, significant interference, namely crosstalk, appears. Such an effect is usually neglected in most SHM applications. However, it can potentially be used as a sensitive parameter to identify structural faults. Accordingly, this work proposes using the crosstalk effect in an arrangement of PZT transducers modeled as a multiconductor transmission line to detect structural damage. This effect is exploited by computing an impedance matrix representing a host structure with PZTs attached to it. The proposed method was assessed in an aluminum beam structure with two PZTs attached to it using finite element modeling in OnScale® software to simulate both healthy and damaged conditions. Similarly, experimental tests were also carried out. The results, when compared to those obtained using a traditional electromechanical impedance (EMI) method, prove that the new approach significantly improved the sensitivity of EMI-based technique in SHM applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Electro-Optical Properties of PLZT Transparent Ceramics with Composition Regulating in Micro-Regions and Gradient Designing.
- Author
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WU Wenjie, HE Daihua, CHENG Siyuan, and HE Xiyun
- Subjects
- *
TRANSPARENT ceramics , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *ELECTRO-optical effects , *ATMOSPHERIC oxygen , *PHASE transitions , *FERROELECTRICITY - Abstract
Lanthanide-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) transparent ceramics have significant potential for application in modern optical communication and high energy laser technology due to their exceptional optical transparency and electro-optical effects. However, the electro-optical (E-O) properties of PLZT transparent ceramics are highly sensitive to changes of ambient temperature, which presents a significant challenge in their application in E-O modulators across a wide temperature range. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on the ferroelectric, dielectric and E-O properties of PLZT ( 10/65/35) transparent ceramics, and optimize the material E-O properties and their temperature stability by regulating the distribution of the key doping element La3+ in micro regions. A series of PLZT ceramic samples with pure perovskite structures were obtained by a conventional hot-press sintering process in oxygen atmosphere. The resulting microstructures are uniform and dense, and the optical transmittances of the samples are 52% ~60% at a wavelength of 632. 8 nm. The broadened dielectric peaks of PLZT ceramics indicate the relaxation characteristics of the materials, and it is promoted as La3+ content increasing, and enhance obviously by the enlarged La3+ fluctuation in micro-regions in the 0-3 and 2-2 composite PLZT ceramics with a more broadened dielectric peak and higher dielectric constant. The ferroelectric hysteresis loops ( P-E) of the PLZT ceramics all exhibit a gradual decrease in maximum polarization value ( Pmax), residual polarization value (Pr), and coercivity field strength ( Ec) with the temperature increasing. Pmax values of 0-3 and 2-2 composite PLZT ( 10/65/35) ceramics are obviously higher than that of the well-distributed PLZT (10/65/35) ceramics, and their equivalent secondary E-O coefficients are significantly increased near the temperature of diffuse phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
26. Research on the Characteristics of High-Performance Textured Ceramic Materials and Their Application in Composite Rod Transducers.
- Author
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Tian, Fenghua, Liu, Yiming, Tian, Wenqiang, Wang, Lei, Hao, Baoan, and Yang, Shuai
- Subjects
LEAD zirconate titanate ,ACOUSTIC transducers ,CERAMIC materials ,PIEZOELECTRIC materials ,VALUE engineering - Abstract
Recently, textured piezoelectric ceramics have become a hot topic in the field of piezoelectric materials. Due to their high cost-effectiveness, textured ceramics are expected to be the material of choice for the next generation of acoustic transducers. In this study, we investigated the coercive field (E
c ), piezoelectric constant (d33 ), and dielectric constant (ε33 ) of textured PIN-PSN-PT ceramics under different torques, in response to the demand for the development of composite rod transducer technology for transmitting and receiving. Based on the obtained data, a wideband composite rod transducer was designed and fabricated using textured PIN-PSN-PT ceramics with high performance. Compared with conventional PZT piezoelectric ceramic transducers of the same size, the wideband composite rod transducer made with textured ceramics extends the frequency band to a lower frequency of 6.5 kHz, improves the emission performance by 2 dB, and enhances the reception performance by 2 dB. Compared with conventional PZT piezoelectric ceramics in the same frequency band, the acoustic performance is comparable, but there is a volume reduction of 59.23% and a weight reduction of 49.7%, solving the technical bottleneck of developing composite rod transducers that are miniaturized and lightweight. The research results of this study have important reference value for the engineering application of textured ceramic materials in acoustic transducers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
27. Ultra-High Sensitivity Anisotropic Piezoelectric Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring and Robotic Perception.
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Yin, Hao, Li, Yanting, Tian, Zhiying, Li, Qichao, Jiang, Chenhui, Liang, Enfu, and Guo, Yiping
- Subjects
- *
LEAD zirconate titanate , *STRUCTURAL health monitoring , *PIEZOELECTRIC detectors , *PIEZOELECTRIC devices , *GLASS composites , *TACTILE sensors - Abstract
Highlights: A novel anisotropic sensor with oriented piezoelectric filaments was prepared, capable of detecting both the magnitude and direction of micro-deformations. Due to the efficient load transfer of continuous fibers and the formation of porous ferroelectrets, an ultra-low strain detection limit of 0.06% was achieved in the sensor. Given the sensor's ultra-low detection limit and deformation direction sensing capability, we developed the sensor for detecting micron-scale deformations in thin-film structures and for robotic tactile sensing applications. Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals, both in magnitude and direction, is imperative in many application scenarios, e.g., structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems. However, the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix, and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also challenging. Herein, we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement, capable of detecting minute anisotropic deformations. The as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%, thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5 μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse waves. The ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate phase. Additionally, when integrated with machine learning techniques, the sensor's capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100% accuracy. The structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli, offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
28. A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Performance of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Retrofitting in Reinforced Concrete Beam–Column Joints.
- Author
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Sapidis, George M., Naoum, Maria C., Papadopoulos, Nikos A., Golias, Emmanouil, Karayannis, Chris G., and Chalioris, Constantin E.
- Subjects
TRANSVERSE reinforcements ,CONCRETE joints ,ROOT-mean-squares ,CYCLIC loads ,REINFORCED concrete ,LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
Due to insufficient transverse reinforcement, the retrofitting of beam–column joints (BCJs) in existing reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures is commonly required to alter their brittle behavior. The construction industry has extensively embraced carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (C-FRPs) as near-surface-mounted (NSM) reinforcement. Monitoring the performance of C-FRP retrofitting is crucial due to the wide range of factors influencing its effectiveness. A novel methodology has been implemented to assess the efficacy of the C-FRP retrofitting method in this study. This approach was validated through experimental investigation of full-scale BCJs, which were retrofitted with C-FRP ropes and subjected to cyclic loading. Furthermore, piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches were placed on the NSM C-FRP ropes, and the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method was employed to monitor the retrofitting technique's performance. A combination of the commonly used statistical damage index root mean squared deviation (RMSD) and a hierarchical clustering-based approach (HCA) was used to assess the performance of the C-FRP retrofitting technique. The experimental investigation results strongly indicate the proposed approach's positive impact on the reliable assessment of C-FRP retrofitting performance. Thus, the proposed approach enhances the safety and resilience of retrofitted BCJs in RC structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Active-type piezoelectric smart textiles with antifouling performance for pathogenic control.
- Author
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Lee, Su Eon, Lee, Hanna, Kim, Jang Hwan, Park, Jae Chul, Kyung, Sooah, Choi, Hayoung, Baek, Su Hyun, Park, Jun Hyun, Park, Sohyun, Kim, Jeong-Min, Jo, Hye-Jun, Cho, Seung Hyeon, Kim, Jiwoong, Kim, Hojun, Han, Seung Ho, Oh, Jun Kyun, and Kim, Bong Hoon
- Subjects
LEAD zirconate titanate ,COVID-19 ,ELECTROTEXTILES ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PIEZOELECTRIC devices ,SARS-CoV-2 - Abstract
Recently, an investigation into preventive measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has garnered considerable attention. Consequently, strategies for the proactive prevention of viral pathogens have also attracted significant interest in the field of wearable devices and electronic textiles research, particularly due to their potential applications in personal protective equipment. In this study, we introduce smart textiles designed with optimized piezoelectric devices that exhibit antifouling performance against microorganisms and actively inactivate viruses. These active-type smart textiles, which incorporate advanced lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, a stretchable interconnector array, and polymeric fabric, demonstrate effective antifouling capabilities, detaching approximately 90% of Escherichia coli and 75% of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, they inactivate viruses, releasing ~26.8 ng of N protein from ruptured SARS-CoV-2, using ultrasonic waves within the wearable platform. Experimental results show that piezoelectric smart textiles significantly reduce the spread of COVID-19 by leveraging the electrical and acoustic properties of PZT ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Enhancing piezoelectric coefficient and thermal stability in lead-free piezoceramics: insights at the atomic-scale.
- Author
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Zou, Jinzhu, Song, Miao, Zhou, Xuefan, Chi, Wenchao, Wei, Tongxin, Zhou, Kechao, Zhang, Dou, and Zhang, Shujun
- Subjects
LEAD zirconate titanate ,POTASSIUM niobate ,DOPING agents (Chemistry) ,IONIC structure ,THERMAL stability - Abstract
Given the highly temperature-sensitive nature of the polymorphic phase boundaries, attaining excellent piezoelectric coefficient with superior temperature stability in lead-free piezoceramics via direct compositional design remains a formidable challenge. We demonstrate the synergistic improvement of piezoelectric coefficient and thermal stability in lead-free piezoceramics via atomic-scale local ferroelectric structure design. Via modulation of the local Landau energy barrier at doping sites, we effectively mitigate fluctuations in piezoelectric d
33 . Our approach achieves an impressive d33 of ~430 pC/N with a minimal temperature fluctuation range (△d33 ~ 7%) across the room temperature to 100 °C in potassium sodium niobate ceramics. Further optimization through annealing extends this temperature up to 150 °C (△d33 ~ 8%) while maintaining a high d33 of ~380 pC/N, rivaling the performance of classic temperature stable lead zirconate titanate. This work establishes a framework for addressing the dilemma between high piezoelectric coefficient and inadequate temperature stability in lead-free piezoceramics. The authors reveal that the incorporation of doping elements with varying electronic structures and ionic radii alters the atomic-scale configuration, thereby affecting the local energy barrier associated with polarization rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Piezoelectric energy harvesting from the atomic oxygen hypervelocity impact in low Earth orbit.
- Author
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Seo, Jae Hyeon, Choi, Jae Young, Seok, Jin Hyeok, Cha, Ji-Hun, Kim, June Young, Kim, You Gwang, Lee, Hae June, Kim, Chun-Gon, Chung, Kyoung-Jae, and Kim, YunHo
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEAR energy , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *ENERGY harvesting , *SPACE environment , *PIEZOELECTRICITY - Abstract
Atomic oxygen (AO) in low Earth orbit (LEO) can cause severe progressive damage to spacecraft orbiting at hypervelocities over 7 km/s; therefore, all space-graded materials need to be qualified for protection against these high energy impacts. Instead of treating AO as a threat, can we use these atomic impacts, which have enough energy to cause material failure, to generate power? Despite its potential, no attempt has yet been made to utilize the hypervelocity impact energy of AO. Thus, we propose a piezoelectric energy harvesting method through the hypervelocity AO impact in LEO. In this study, energy harvesting with various configurations was experimentally demonstrated using a conventional lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic plate under oxygen plasma exposure to simulate AO impact. The average output power density was 4 W/m2 under 1.43 × 1016 atoms/cm2s effective AO flux conditions. Our study provides a new method for generating energy in a space environment with limited energy sources. [Display omitted] • Energy harvested from hypervelocity atomic oxygen impact in low Earth orbit. • Piezoelectric energy harvesting at atomic level in simulated space environment. • Output power density of approximately 4 W/m2 from PZT-5A under oxygen plasma. • Challenges and potential of atomic oxygen as a space energy source discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
32. Research of High Sensitivity Piezoelectric Ceramics Based on Pb(Sb1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(ZrTi)O3.
- Author
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GAI Xuezhou, WU Fan, and WANG Yuequn
- Subjects
LEAD-free ceramics ,PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics ,LEAD zirconate titanate ,ELECTRIC properties ,DIELECTRIC properties ,HYDROSTATIC pressure - Abstract
It is of great practical significance to improve the sensitivity and enhance the stability of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics under hydrostatic pressure condition. In this work, the xPb(Sb
1/2 Nb1/2 )O3 -(1 - x)Pb(Zr0.52 Ti0.48 ) (PSN-PZT, x = 0. 018, 0. 020, 0. 022, 0. 025, 0. 030) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared with conventional solid-state method. The influence of PSN on the phase, microscopic morphology, curie temperature, dielectric property, ferroelectric property, and piezoelectric properties of ceramics has investigated. The sensitivity of PSN-PZT and traditional high sensitivity piezoelectric ceramics was measured comparatively within the hydrostatic pressure of 5 - 30 MPa. The results show that the incorporation of PSN can improve the sensitivity and enhance the hydrostatic figure of merit (HFOM) of PZT piezoelectric ceramics significantly. When x = 0. 020, the PSN-PZT ceramics have the best electric properties, planar electromechanical coupling factor kp =0. 641, longitudinal piezoelectric strain constant d33 = 325 pC/ N, transverse piezoelectric voltage constant g31 =16. 642 mV·m·N-1 , isostatic piezoelectric voltage constant gh (5 MPa) = 9. 91 mV·m-1 ·Pa-1 , HFOM (5 MPa) =679 x 10-15 Pa-1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
33. A Polyimide Composite-Based Electromagnetic Cantilever Structure for Smart Grid Current Sensing.
- Author
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Guler, Zeynel and Jackson, Nathan
- Subjects
PIEZOELECTRIC composites ,POLYIMIDE films ,GLASS transition temperature ,SMART structures ,COMPOSITE materials ,POLYIMIDES ,LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
Polyimides (PIs) have been extensively used in thin film and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) processes based on their excellent thermal and mechanical stability and high glass transition temperature. This research explores the development of a novel multilayer and multifunctional polymer composite electro-piezomagnetic device that can function as an energy harvester or sensor for current-carrying wires or magnetic field sensing. The devices consist of four layers of composite materials with a polyimide matrix. The composites have various nanoparticles to alter the functionality of each layer. Nanoparticles of Ag were used to increase the electrical conductivity of polyimide and act as electrodes; lead zirconate titanate was used to make the piezoelectric composite layer; and either neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) or Terfenol-D was used to make the magnetic and magnetostrictive composite layer, which was used as the proof mass. A novel all-polymer multifunctional polyimide composite cantilever was developed to operate at low frequencies. This paper compares the performance of the different magnetic masses, shapes, and concentrations, as well as the development of an all-magnetostrictive device to detect voltage or current changes when coupled to the magnetic field from a current-carrying wire. The PI/PZT cantilever with the PI/NdFeB proof mass demonstrated higher voltage output compared to the PI/Terfenol-D proof mass device. However, the magnetostrictive composite film could be operated without a piezoelectric film based on the Villari effect, which consisted of a single PI-Terfenol-D film. The paper illustrates the potential to develop an all-polymer composite MEMS device capable of acting as a magnetic field or current sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. 3D printing of flexible piezoelectric composite with integrated sensing and actuation applications.
- Author
-
Jiang Li, Yan Zhang, Mingyang Yan, Chao Zhong, Lianzhong Zhao, Di Zhai, Hang Luo, Xi Yuan, and Dou Zhang
- Subjects
PIEZOELECTRIC composites ,PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics ,THREE-dimensional printing ,ROBOTIC exoskeletons ,EPOXY resins ,LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
3D printing of flexible piezoelectric composites (3D-FPCs) is increasingly attracting the attention due to its unique advantage for customized smart applications. However, current research mainly focuses on the 0-3 piezoelectric composites, in which the piezoelectric ceramics are embedded in polymer matrix in the form of particles. The poor connectivity between particles much reduces the conduction of strain and charge in the composites, seriously limiting its application in actuation. In this work, a continuous lead zirconate titanate (PZT) double-layer ceramic scaffold was prepared by 3D printing and assembled with epoxy resin and interdigital electrodes together to manufacture a multifunctional device. The 3D-FPCs exhibit a free strain of 1830 ppm in actuating and are able to actuate a stainless-steel cantilever beam to produce a tip displacement of 5.71 mm. Additionally, the devices exhibit a sensitivity of 26.81V/g in sensing applications. Furthermore, 3D-FPCs are demonstrated as actuators for mobile small robots and wearable sensors for sensing joint activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Creep Stress Analysis of Transversely Isotropic Rotating Disc Composed of Piezoelectric Material.
- Author
-
Ghlawat, Vikash, Sharma, Richa, and Alam, Khursheed
- Subjects
LEAD zirconate titanate ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,PIEZOELECTRIC materials ,PIEZOELECTRICITY ,ELECTRIC displacement - Abstract
If a crystal undergoes mechanical stress, then an electrical potential is developed across its sides; this phenomenon is called piezoelectricity, or the piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric materials include quartz, zinc oxide (ZnO), lead zirconate titanate (PZT4), and Rochelle salt. There are numerous uses for piezoelectricity in signal and electrical transducers. In this work, transitional and creep stresses are evaluated in a thin disc made up of piezoelectric transversely isotropic solids subjected to rotation. The mathematical expressions of stress components are computed for the rotating disc by using Seth's transition theory considering the rotation effect in circular disc. The electric displacement relations and various stress components are computed using Hooke's Law. A non-homogeneous differential equation is obtained by using mathematical relations and the equilibrium equation. The theoretical solution of the differential equation is obtained under specified boundary conditions. Creep stresses are studied for the considered material. The obtained results are shown graphically, analyzed numerically, and concluded with a discussion of the results for transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials such as BaTiO3 and PZT-4, among others. On the basis of all the numerical discussions and graphs, it is concluded that discs composed of transversely isotropic piezoelectric (PZT4 and BaTiO3) materials are more stable than discs composed of transversely isotropic (magnesium and beryl). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Flexible Piezoelectric 0–3 PZT@C/PDMS Composite Films for Pressure Sensor and Limb Motion Monitoring.
- Author
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Li, Chungang, Li, Chao, Wang, Yingzi, Zhao, Yaoting, Yang, Fengzhen, Dong, Gensheng, Lin, Xiujuan, Huang, Shifeng, and Yang, Changhong
- Subjects
LEAD zirconate titanate ,PIEZOELECTRICITY ,PIEZOELECTRIC detectors ,PRESSURE sensors ,MOTION detectors - Abstract
The flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor is essential in areas such as machine sensing and human activity monitoring. Here, 0-dimensional PZT piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles with carbon coating were synthesized by a surface-modified technique. The excellent electrical conductivity of the carbon shell causes redistribution and accumulation of mobile charges in the carbon layer, resulting in a greatly increased piezoelectric effect by inducing an enhanced electric field. A series of organic–inorganic composite films were prepared by the spin-coating method using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the matrix. The as-fabricated flexible PZT@C/PDMS composite film with 40 wt% PZT@C powder exhibits an excellent output voltage of ~74 V, a peak of output current ~295 nA, as well as a big sensitivity of 5.26 V N
−1 . Moreover, the composite film can be used as a pressure sensor to detect changes in force as well as for monitoring limb movements such as finger flexion, wrist flexion, and pedaling. This study reveals the promising applications of flexible 40%PZT@C/PDMS composite film for limb motion monitoring and pressure sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The effect of Cu doping on the piezoelectric properties of ZnO systems: First-principles calculations.
- Author
-
Liu, Lin, Yu, Wentao, Zhao, Yujie, Zhu, Wensheng, Li, Jing, Wu, Lingkang, and Wang, Hao
- Subjects
- *
COPPER , *ZINC oxide thin films , *IONIC bonds , *ZINC oxide , *LATTICE constants , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *COVALENT bonds - Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed, revealing a significant enhancement of the piezoelectric properties of wurtzite Zn 3 6 O 3 6 upon the incorporation of a single Cu atom. Research has demonstrated that the piezoelectric constant d 3 3 reaches its maximum value at a doping concentration of 1.4% for Cu atoms. The lattice parameters a and c of Zn 3 6 O 3 6 are decreased and the piezoelectric strain coefficient d 3 3 is increased by replacing one Cu atom in Zn 3 6 O 3 6 . It is found that elastic softening is the primary factor responsible for the increase of d 3 3 in Zn 3 5 Cu1O 3 6 . By differential charge density analysis, it is found that the covalency between Cu–O bonds is lower than that of Zn–O bonds, and the covalent bonding characteristics are weakened. Bader charge analysis shows that the charge of Cu is higher than that of Zn, indicating a more significant ionic bonding feature than that of Zn. Thus, a weaker covalent and stronger ionic bond are considered to play an essential role in promoting elastic softening for ZnO, which eventually promotes a significant enhancement in piezoelectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Fabrication of PZT/PVDF composite film and the influence of homogeneity to dielectric constant.
- Author
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Ting, Yung, Sofi, Masroor Ahmad, Joo, Mohammad Yaseen, Simanullang, Romauli, and Lu, Ping Che
- Subjects
LEAD zirconate titanate ,PIEZOELECTRIC composites ,PERMITTIVITY ,COMPOSITE materials ,HOT pressing - Abstract
The Lead Zirconate Titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (PZT/PVDF) piezoelectric composite with various volume fractions of PZT is successfully fabricated by the proposed solution casting and hot press methods. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of the composite material being fabricated by its homogeneity. Homogeneity can be determined by computing the free path space between particles based on the binary image of SEM, using dispersion and distribution quantitative methods, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the particles' scattering conditions. In comparison to several selected models providing adjustable factors that are highly related to the effect of homogeneity of the composite's internal structure, a suitable model is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Hindrances and solutions on the path towards adjoined barium titanate–hydroxyapatite ceramics with uncompromised piezoelectric and biological responses.
- Author
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Cioangher, M., Amarande, L., Stan, G.E., Nedelcu, L., Pasuk, I., Leonat, L., Popa, A.C., Miclea, L.C., Savopol, T., Moisescu, M.G., and Tivig, I.
- Subjects
- *
PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *BONE substitutes , *BARIUM , *BIODEGRADATION , *BARIUM titanate , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *HYDROXYAPATITE , *POWDERS - Abstract
The synergistic piezoelectric and osteoconductive properties of barium titanate (BT) and hydroxyapatite (HA) could stir the development of a new generation of synthetic bone graft substitutes, with capability for rapid and safe osseointegration. The research focused on two concurrent approaches for coupling the BT and HA materials: (i) conventional sintering of BT-HA powder mixtures; and (ii) functionalization of pre-sintered BT with HA coatings using magnetron sputtering (MS). Irrespective of the BT/HA ratios ranging from 95/5 to 80/20 wt%, nanocrystalline or highly-crystallized nature of the powders, sub-micron- or micron-sized particle dimensions, and sintering temperature, it was observed that the BT-HA reactivity cannot be prevented above 800 °C. At higher temperatures in the range of 1000–1300 °C, HA undergoes decomposition and extensively reacts with BT, leading to the formation of several secondary phases such as CaTiO 3, Ba 2 Ca(PO 4) 2 , BaCa 6 (PO 4) 4 O, BaCa(PO 3) 4 , and β -Ca 2 P 2 O 7. As a consequence, the cytocompatibility assessed in fibroblast and osteoblast cell cultures, as well as the piezoelectric response, were significantly altered. Applying HA coatings by MS to the sintered BT ceramics successfully preserved their piezoelectric properties, while also providing an unaltered cytocompatible and osteogenic-prone surface. The HA coatings were fully crystallized at post-deposition annealing temperatures of 550 and 700 °C, achieving crystalline qualities comparable to HA powders sintered at 1100 and 1200 °C, respectively. No reactivity events between BT and HA were observed. Partial reactivity was only noticeable upon annealing at 1000 °C. Therefore, it is suggested that the HA coating of BT is effective in seamlessly coupling the piezoelectric and osteogenic properties of the two constituents without compromise. • BT-HA powder mixtures inevitably react at high-temperature to form secondary phases. • The HA osteogenic component can be lost at sintering temperatures above 1000 °C. • The secondary phases lead to a decay of the piezoelectric and biological responses. • HA-magnetron sputtered BT – a feasible solution to overcome inter-phases reactivity. • HA-coated BT yields uncompromised piezoelectric and in-vitro biologic performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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40. Monitoring the sulphur-oxidizing bacterial effect of sandstone using the EMI technique.
- Author
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Kharwar, Kushlendra Lal and Rawat, Anupam
- Subjects
- *
LEAD zirconate titanate , *SANDSTONE , *BUILDING stones , *ROOT-mean-squares , *HYDROGEN sulfide , *SURFACE impedance , *SULFUR bacteria - Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization, sandstone has been a fantastic building material. Numerous causes have been observed in the past for sandstone damage or deterioration, one of which is sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and cyanobacteria. In general, SOB is present in the soil, air, water, humidity, and human activity. The oxidation of sulphur compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide, thiosulphate, or elements of sulphur, provides energy for SOB. These microorganisms contribute to the decay of buildings materials, especially those made of stone, metal, or concrete. The sulphur oxidizing process affects the mechanical properties of sandstone. Mechanical properties are related to strength. Losses of mechanical properties may be the reason for deflection, cracking, collapse, and catastrophic failure of sandstone. Monitoring and evaluation gives an idea about the behavior of structure and the prevention of catastrophic failure. This research paper contains the application of electromechanical impedance with surface bonded Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate. The sandstone samples and soil samples have been collected from the historical site. Two sets of cylindrical types of sandstone specimens have been used in experimental work. The conductance signature and susceptance signature have been measured every six months. The variation and shifting of the signature curve have been used to identify the structural behavioral change. Statistical methods like the root mean square deviation have been used for the quantification of damage. An equitation has been generated on the basis of the percentage root mean square deviation to quantify the prediction of damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Efficacy of PZT Sensors Network Different Configurations in Damage Detection of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Prisms under Repeated Loading.
- Author
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Naoum, Maria C., Papadopoulos, Nikos A., Sapidis, George M., and Voutetaki, Maristella E.
- Subjects
- *
STRUCTURAL health monitoring , *FIBER-reinforced concrete , *ROOT-mean-squares , *SENSOR networks , *REINFORCED concrete , *LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
Real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) and accurate diagnosis of imminent damage are critical to ensure the structural safety of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) structures. Implementations of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensor network in the critical areas of structural members can identify the damage level. This study uses a recently developed PZT-enabled Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI)-based, real-time, wireless, and portable SHM and damage detection system in prismatic specimens subjected to flexural repeated loading plain concrete (PC) and FRC. Furthermore, this research examined the efficacy of the proposed SHM methodology for FRC cracking identification of the specimens at various loading levels with different sensor layouts. Additionally, damage quantification using values of statistical damage indices is included. For this reason, the well-known conventional static metric of the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and the Mean Absolute Percentage Deviation (MAPD) were used and compared. This paper addresses a reliable monitoring experimental methodology in FRC to diagnose damage and predict the forthcoming flexural failure at early damage stages, such as at the onset of cracking. Test results indicated that damage assessment is successfully achieved using RMSD and MAPD indices of a strategically placed network of PZT sensors. Furthermore, the Upper Control Limit (UCL) index was adopted as a threshold for further sifting the scalar damage indices. Additionally, the proposed PZT-enable SHM method for prompt damage level is first established, providing the relationship between the voltage frequency response of the 32 PZT sensors and the crack propagation of the FRC prisms due to the step-by-step increased imposed load. In conclusion, damage diagnosis through continuous monitoring of PZTs responses of FRC due to flexural loading is a quantitative, reliable, and promising application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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42. Origin of strong piezoelectric enhancement in bismuth titanate‐ferrite for high‐temperature applications.
- Author
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Wang, Qian, Liang, En‐Meng, and Wang, Chun‐Ming
- Subjects
- *
BISMUTH , *PIEZOELECTRIC materials , *HEAT resistant materials , *PIEZOELECTRIC devices , *RIETVELD refinement , *HIGH temperatures , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *PIEZOELECTRIC composites - Abstract
Advancing the development of high‐temperature piezoelectric devices requires high‐performance piezoelectric materials with high Curie temperature, where charge signals can be efficiently collected at elevated temperatures. Recent investigations indicate that bismuth titanate‐ferrite (Bi5Ti3FeO15) is a good high‐temperature piezoelectric material because of its high Curie temperature (TC > 760°C). However, the piezoelectric performance of Bi5Ti3FeO15‐based compounds has not been extensively studied because of their extremely poor piezoelectric performance and low direct current electrical resistivity at elevated temperatures. Herein, we reported the strong piezoelectric performance enhancement in Bi5Ti3FeO15, with the nominal compositions of Bi5‐xEuxTi3FeO15 (BTF‐100xEu). X‐ray diffraction Rietveld refinements and Raman spectra reveal an enhanced lattice distortion in europium‐substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15, which is mainly dominated by rotation distortion. The increased domain wall density that detected by out‐of‐plane piezoelectric force microscopy is in favor of domain wall movement and polarization reversal. Both of the enhanced lattice distortion and the increased domain wall density contribute to the piezoelectric enhancement in Bi5Ti3FeO15, as a result, the optimal composition of BTF‐8Eu exhibits a large piezoelectric constant d33 of 24 pC/N, three times higher than that of Bi5Ti3FeO15. Importantly, BTF‐8Eu exhibits high TC of 782°C, excellent in‐situ piezoelectric response (>94% that of the initial value at room temperature), and stable electromechanical coupling properties up to 400°C. This work reveals the origin of strong piezoelectric enhancement in europium‐substituted Bi5Ti3FeO15 results from the intrinsic contribution of structure distortion and the extrinsic contribution of ferroelectric domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
43. Achieving excellent mechanical and electrical properties in transition metal oxides and rare earth oxide‐doped KNN‐based piezoceramics.
- Author
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Zhang, Zhidong, Shang, Xunzhong, Liu, Xiong, He, Yunbin, Zhang, Zaoli, and Guo, Jinming
- Subjects
- *
RARE earth metals , *TRANSITION metal oxides , *LEAD zirconate titanate , *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics , *RARE earth oxides , *RARE earth metal alloys , *POTASSIUM niobate , *CRYSTAL grain boundaries - Abstract
Potassium sodium niobate (KNN)‐based piezoelectric ceramics have emerged as a promising alternative to lead‐based systems due to their exceptional properties. While extensive research has focused on improving the electrical properties of KNN‐based ceramics through doping and processing optimization, the concurrent investigation of their mechanical properties has been lacking. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical and electrical properties of KNN‐based lead‐free piezoceramics doped with various transition metal oxides and rare earth oxides, based on substantial experimental data. Our findings reveal that the as‐sintered KNN‐based ceramics exhibit not only outstanding electrical properties but also remarkable mechanical robustness compared to conventional toughened lead zirconate titanate (PZT)‐based ceramics. These exceptional electrical and mechanical properties are attributed to the micro‐scale and atomic‐scale structure of the modified KNN‐based ceramics, characterized by a highly condensed structure, an inhomogeneous distribution of nano‐domain structure, and the presence of amorphous intergranular films at grain boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Fabrication and characterization of PZT/PVDF composite films for force sensor applications.
- Author
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Suprapto, Ting, Yung, Gunawan, Hariyanto, Yazid, Edwar, Nugraha, Aditya Sukma, Azhari, Budi, Ramadiansyah, M Luthfi, Hikmawan, M Fathul, and Jubaidah
- Subjects
FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,ATOMIC force microscopy ,IMPACT loads ,HOT pressing ,DIFLUOROETHYLENE ,LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
This study explored the impact of hot press parameters on lead zirconate titanate (PZT)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films designed for force‐sensing applications. The systematic fraction (PZT/PVDF), pressure, temperature, and time during hot pressing processes are subject to variation. The focus is on the resulting composite film thickness and its subsequent influence on the piezoelectric properties, which are essential for the performance of force sensors. The present study investigated the characteristics and performance of PZT/PVDF composite films with fraction ratios 2/5, 5/5, and 7/3 and hot pressure of 10, 40, and 60 MPa and temperature at 150 °C for 2 h. The characterization of these films was conducted using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The piezoelectric properties (d33 and d31) were measured using impact and extraction tests to evaluate the performance of films with applied forces. The results show that the highest piezoelectric coefficients (d33 and d31) were determined to be 35.8 and 12.60 pC N−1, with fraction ratios of 7/3 and 2/5. The study revealed a positive correlation between the PZT/PVDF ratio and sensitivity, indicating that an increase in the ratio leads to an increase in sensitivity. Conversely, a negative relationship was observed between the impact load and the sensor sensitivity, suggesting that an increase in the impact load results in a sensitivity decrease. The results of this work demonstrate the great potential of piezoelectric PZT/PVDF composite films in force sensors for small load applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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45. ZnO 亚微球添加对放电等离子烧结 PZT 陶瓷结构和性能的影响.
- Author
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张志伟, 刘志阳, 秦雷, and 梁立兴
- Subjects
ELECTRIC properties ,DIELECTRIC properties ,DIELECTRIC loss ,SPECIFIC gravity ,PERMITTIVITY ,LEAD zirconate titanate ,PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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46. Resilient and Sustainable Structures through EMI-Based SHM Evaluation of an Innovative C-FRP Rope Strengthening Technique.
- Author
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Papadopoulos, Nikos A., Naoum, Maria C., Sapidis, George M., and Chalioris, Constantin E.
- Subjects
LEAD zirconate titanate ,STRUCTURAL health monitoring ,SHEAR reinforcements ,PIEZOELECTRIC transducers ,ROOT-mean-squares - Abstract
Reinforced Concrete (RC) members in existing RC structures are susceptible to shear-critical due to their under-reinforced design. Thus, implementing a retrofitting technique is essential to eliminate the casualties that could arise from sudden and catastrophic collapses due to these members' brittleness. Among other proposed techniques, using Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymers (C-FRP) ropes to increase the shear strength of RC structural elements has proved to be a promising reinforcement application. Moreover, an Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI-based) method using Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-enabled) was employed to assess the efficiency of the strengthening scheme. Initially, the proposed technique was applied to C-FRP rope under the subjection of pullout testing. Thus, a correlation of the rope's tensile strength with the EMI responses of the PZT patch was achieved using the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) metric index. Thereafter, the method was implemented to the experimentally acquired data of C-FRP ropes, used as shear reinforcement in a rectangular deep beam. The ropes were installed using the Embedded Through Section (ETS) scheme. Furthermore, an approach to evaluate the residual shear-bearing capacity based on the EMI responses acquired by being embedded in and bonded to the ropes' PZTs was attempted, demonstrating promising results and good precision compared to the analytical prediction of the C-FRP ropes' shear resistance contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Piezoelectrically driven Fano resonance in silicon photonics.
- Author
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Ansari, I., Feutmba, G. F., George, J. P., Rijckaert, H., Beeckman, J., and Van Thourhout, D.
- Subjects
PIEZOELECTRIC thin films ,FANO resonance ,VIBRATION (Mechanics) ,SILICON films ,THIN films ,LEAD zirconate titanate - Abstract
Piezoelectric optomechanical platforms provide a promising avenue for efficient signal transduction between microwave and optical domains. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film stands out as a compelling choice for building such a platform given its high piezoelectricity and optical transparency, enabling strong electro-optomechanical transduction. This work explores the application of such transduction to induce Fano resonance in a silicon photonics integrated circuit (PIC). Our methodology involves integrating a PZT thin film onto a silicon PIC and subsequently removing the SiO
2 layer to suspend the silicon waveguide, allowing controlled mechanical vibrations. Fano resonances, characterized by their distinctive asymmetric line shape, were observed at frequencies up to 6.7 GHz with an extinction ratio of 21 dB. A high extinction ratio of 41 dB was achieved at the lower resonance frequency of 223 MHz. Our results demonstrate the potential of piezoelectric thin film integration for the generation of Fano resonances on passive photonic platforms such as Si, paving the way for highly sensitive, compact, and power-efficient devices relevant to a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fracture Mechanisms of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Thin Films Determined by Mechanical and Electrical Cyclic Loading Tests.
- Author
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Yuga Kumakiri, Tomohiro Date, Noriyuki Shimoji, Koji Terumoto, and Takahiro Namazu
- Subjects
PIEZOELECTRIC thin films ,LEAD zirconate titanate ,CYCLIC loads ,ELECTRICAL load ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,FOCUSED ion beams - Abstract
In this paper, we describe the fracture mechanisms of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric thin films synthesized by sol-gel processing. One of the technical concerns in piezoelectric thin films is how their surface fractures because, in most cases, the films fail electrically, and the fracture surface is remade after its first fracture. To estimate the failure mechanisms, cantilever-type and clamped capacitor-type actuators made of PZT piezoelectric thin films deposited on a Si wafer were prepared and subjected to electrical and mechanical stresses. The cantilever-type actuators showed a decreasing trend in dielectric withstand voltage with increasing number of mechanical loading cycles. The clamped capacitor-type actuators showed a decreasing trend in withstand voltage with increasing cyclic voltage amplitude. Through mechanical and electrical experiments, we found that the origin of cracking differed from that of short circuit. This finding indicates that the PZT films fractured mechanically, then fractured electrically. The focused ion beam fabrication of a surface defect and scanning electron microscopy observation around the defect suggest a reasonable fracture mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Dielectric, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of laminated thick films of coppercobalt ferrite and lead zirconium titanate.
- Author
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Bhavana, H. V. and Bellad, S. S.
- Subjects
- *
LEAD zirconate titanate , *MAGNETIC structure , *THICK films , *DIELECTRIC loss , *SPACE charge - Abstract
The Magnetoelectric composites with thickness of 0.3mm of high piezoelectric voltage coefficient material, PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3 and magnetostrictive material, Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 were fabricated by Screen printing method. XRD analysis indicates the presence of inverse cubic spinel structure in the ferrite phase and tetragonal perovskite structure in the ferroelectric phase. The computed lattice parameters and crystallite sizes for both ferrite and ferroelectric phases correspond well with values reported for comparable systems. Based on space charge polarization mechanism, the dielectric constant and loss tangent with frequency are explained for laminated films of Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4/PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3/Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 and PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3/Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4/PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3. The magnetization hysteresis loop characteristics for both laminated thick films demonstrate that the loops are completely saturated and reveal the presence of an ordered magnetic structure. The DC resistivity graphs show that the resistivity of laminated film composites decreases with increasing temperature, demonstrating semiconductor behaviour in both layered composites. In a DC magnetic field range of 200Oe to 400Oe, the peak values of the ME coefficient in laminated thick film composites of Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4/PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3/Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 and PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3/Cu0.6Co0.4Fe2O4/PbZr0.58Ti0.42O3 are 91 mV/Oecm and 83 mV/Oecm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Analysis of Pb[Zr0.52Ti0.48]O3 ceramics through impedance spectroscopy.
- Author
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Pandey, Shyamanand, Singh, Rahul K., Kumar, Mrityunjay, and Chaudhuri, Swarat
- Subjects
- *
LEAD zirconate titanate , *RELAXATION phenomena , *SPACE groups , *IMPEDANCE spectroscopy , *X-ray diffraction - Abstract
In this communication, we have synthesized Lead Zirconate Titanate Pb[Zr0.52Ti0.48]O3 utilizing the high-temperature Solid state reaction method. Based on X-ray diffraction examinations, the structure of the sample was found to be monoclinic in space group C1m1. The real part of the impedance falls with a rise in temperature indicating that the nature of PZT ceramic is similar to semiconductors. The relaxation phenomena were represented by the peaks of the data plot between Z" and log f at higher temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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