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On account of the complexities related to the use of digitized newspapers, researchers may encounter barriers when interacting with the collections' content. Overcoming barriers that could influence their information interaction should enhance the accessibility and utility of the newspapers. Hence, the study examined the barriers faced in history‐research tasks involving interaction with digitized historical newspapers, with focus on the barriers' contexts and the related task‐based activities. The analysis employed two datasets, from in‐depth interviews and demonstrations of newspaper‐use situations. Content analysis from these complementary data showed that barriers arose in multiple contexts, connected with the collection, task, tools, and socio‐organizational setting. Most barriers were associated with collection context and occurred in information searching and selection activities and in working with information items. Barriers related to the task or to socio‐organizational context arose most often in the planning and monitoring activities and in synthesizing and reporting. Such research‐based insight into the barriers faced can aid in illuminating what is required for providing good support to researchers working with digital newspaper content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important English newspapers in 1721 was The Post Boy. Printed in London, it sold well in the capital and many copies were also sent out to its country subscribers. However, like all successful newspapers of the time, its financial solidity was not just based on sold copies but on its advertising. This essay examines the substantial number of book advertisements in six issues of The Post Boy in 1721. The research develops previous work on eighteenth-century book advertising by focusing on a particular newspaper in a single year and in relation to specific categories of book advertisements. The content analysis explores the target readers' interests and apparent reasons for purchasing the advertised works. The most advertised works were broadly instructive with few publications concerned with entertainment and leisure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cover of the Black Panther newspaper depicting American Indian Movement leaders at Wounded Knee features Oglala elder Frank Fools Crow holding a ceremonial pipe in his uplifted fist, a gesture that resembles the Black Panther salute. The 1974 cover layers the iconographic programs of Native and Black social justice movements; it is a graphic statement of intersectional political resistance. Moreover, the paper's coverage of the 1973 Wounded Knee occupation and subsequent trials makes a radical visual argument for the ideological continuity of Red Power and Black Power. This essay proposes that the newspaper's visual director, Emory Douglas, developed an intersectional liberation aesthetics that transformed the critique of structural oppression into a sustained call for radical revolution. Reporting in the Black Panther consistently addressed "all oppressed people," a perspective that remains relevant for activists today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the 19th century U.S. newspaper the "Imperialist." It describes the role of U.S. journalist William L. Alden in the publication of the newspaper, the reaction to the monarchistic stance of the newspaper throughout the U.S. and particularly the U.S. South, and the concept of the centralization of government power advocated by the newspaper. The article also discusses how U.S. southern conservatives utilized the newspaper to oppose democratic reform.

Despite much recent work on the British newspaper press there is still much ground to be explored about the political activities of regional journalists in their local areas – as opposed to their metropolitan counterparts. This article examines the five radical newspapers published in three midlands towns in the early 1790s. While examining the journalists' stance on the key national issues of the day the article also places their newspapers in the context of their towns' internal political rivalries. The newspapers all faced opposition: loyalist associations sought to entrap their conductors, the government supplied rival newspapers with political material to counter them, the Post Office disrupted their delivery, and local advertisers boycotted their columns. Most importantly, nearly all the journalists faced prosecution, and two of them went to prison. Finally, the article summarizes the collapse of the midlands radical press and its revival after 1808. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The summer of 1928 was marked by two internationally reported and disastrous events involving two polar explorers: the crash and rescue of Umberto Nobile's airship 'Italia' in the polar regions of the North Atlantic ocean, and the death of the Roald Amundsen, en route to rescuing Nobile. The article discusses these disasters as indicative of a historical moment in the mediation of events where technological and logistical developments enabled a continuous news coverage of radically remote locations. It argues that these new affordances came with an increased and pervasive sense of uncertainty about the veracity of factual information. Analyzing Norwegian newspaper coverage, the article finds a range of articulations of this uncertainty, including a preoccupation with rumours and speculations, as well as with chronic difficulties in determining factual veracity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

News from the Atlantic world was a key ingredient in early printed European newspapers. This article investigates the rhythm of Atlantic reporting in two weekly corantos from the Low Countries, one produced in Amsterdam, the other in Antwerp. It studies the serial production, dissemination, and reception of news from the "Western front" in the year 1630, when both the Dutch West India Company and the Habsburg monarchy experienced a blend of victories and disappointments. Partiality and different conceptions of credibility determined how events were covered on opposite sides of the border. Through careful analysis of two newspapers, and the assessment of their Atlantic bulletins by a well-informed reader, this article will argue that a culture of anticipation shaped the circulation of news from Brazil and the Caribbean. This explains why the press in the Netherlands produced regular bulletins even when there was no news, and why few stories were covered so extensively as those from the Atlantic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented in which the author discusses the history of the belief that news transmitted through the telegraph in the 19th century was more factual and objective than other means of communication. The history of newspapers, the attitudes of journalism historians, and textuality in electronic communication are discussed, as well as historical accounts of Paul Julius Reuter, the founder of news service Reuters in Boston, Massachusetts.

This study focuses on the first Canadian newspaper, the Nova Scotia Gazette, on the eve of the American Revolution. It explores the means by which the paper's printer, Anthony Henry, was able to continue including both American patriot and British loyalist viewpoints long after polarization in the colonies that became the United States drove printers to solely support the Patriot cause. The analysis identifies printerly practices Henry used to continue publishing multiple perspectives. Also discussed are how differences between the economic, political and social reality of Nova Scotia and that of the American colonies contributed to Henry retaining an impartial stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the acrimonious relationship between three high profile, well-known Irishmen--a journalist, a newspaper editor, and a medical doctor--that played out in Buenos Aires newspapers in 1894. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how British newspapers in the 1930s created a particular frame or view of radio as an international medium. This frame was created around the idea of a duality, of radio being defined by both national and foreign broadcasts. By analysing coverage provided by the main national newspapers at this time, in relation to their specific radio coverage, such as programme listing and highlights, this paper delineates the form the frame took, what was included and was absent. Such a frame provides an understanding of how the newspapers viewed and valued radio in a period when international broadcasts were seen as an important part of what radio could offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the secession crisis in 1860–61, the American South was far from unified. Contrary to the idea that the South constituted a single distinct region, this analysis of secession news in Southern newspapers demonstrates the slave states consisted of a constellation of Souths rather than one unified South. Through their decisions about what to print, Southern editors serving unique localities contributed to the social construction of sectionally distinct visions of nationhood. Their decisions about which news and opinion they would reprint and how news was framed made them integral agents in the news ecosystem. This study examines 822 newspaper articles covering secession in the weeks before, during, and after South Carolina's secession in the Charleston Mercury, New Orleans Picayune, Alexandria Gazette, and Macon Telegraph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the historical development of Denver, Colorado, focusing on its origins in the Colorado Gold Rush of 1859. The role of speculator and prospector William Larimer in the establishment of the city is examined. The establishment of the newspaper industry in the area is described, as is the development of a functioning local government and economic structure.

This article examines the historical contingency of news values as evidenced in journalism historiography and more than a century of journalism reporting and writing textbooks dating to 1894. Textbooks are important distillers and (re)constructors of journalists' conceptions of news and not-news. Findings suggest that although key news values such as timeliness, proximity, prominence, unusualness, conflict, human interest, and impact have been fundamentally stable since the early 1900s, the way those values are applied to reporting depends on the sociocultural context of the era. A key implication is that news values are neither natural nor inevitable, but rather within journalists' power to change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines for the first time Il Corriere Ordinario , an Italian-language newspaper which appeared bi-weekly between 1671 and 1723 in Vienna. This specific newspaper title is remarkable because it was published in the Italian language in a predominantly German-speaking city. The two printers responsible for producing this periodical had recently migrated to Vienna from the Habsburg Low Countries. Despite recent advances in scholarship, acknowledging the importance of international news flows, foreign language newspaper ventures such as Il Corriere Ordinario have hitherto been largely ignored. This article investigates why this newspaper was printed in Vienna and argues that it was intended both for a local and international Italian(ate) audience. As a semi-official news bulletin of the imperial Habsburg government, it publicised foreign political news of its allies and became a useful tool in the fight against French propaganda. Using the case of this remarkable newspaper, I will demonstrate why and how political information moved across state and linguistic borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does violence become publicly unacceptable? I address this question in the context of lynching in the United States. Between 1880 and the 1930s, public discourse about lynching moved from open or tacit endorsement to widespread condemnation. I argue this occurred because of increasing publicity for lynchings. While locals justified nearby lynchings, publicity exposed lynching to distant, un-supportive audiences and allowed African Americans to safely articulate counternarratives and condemnations. I test this argument using data on lynchings, rail networks, and newspaper coverage of lynchings in millions of issues across thousands of newspapers. I find that lynchings in counties with greater access to publicity (via rail networks) saw more and geographically dispersed coverage, that distant coverage was more critical, and that increased risk of media exposure may have reduced the incidence of lynching. I discuss how publicity could be a mechanism for strengthening or weakening justifications of violence in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the rise of drug companies in late 19th century Austria through to 1920. Topics include the expansion of drug companies as a result of a thriving public press, the institution of compulsory health insurance for workers in Austria beginning in 1888, capitalism, free markets, socialism, and the creation of the Social Democratic Party

The rise and fall of Hicky's Bengal Gazette (1780-82), India's first printed newspaper, is a narrative of prime importance to the history of Indian newspapers, and such is the context within which it has invariably been written. Previous works have approached Hicky's Gazette in a somewhat teleological and insular manner. These accounts have ignored the significance of foreign news among its content and fail to acknowledge Hicky's appropriation of political rhetoric from other parts of the British Empire. Through the contents of Hicky's Gazette we find Calcutta residents engaged in a transoceanic political discourse, criticising 'nabobs' with all the ferocity of the metropolitan British press; claiming the freedoms of Englishmen in common cause with the discontented, not only in Britain, but also in Ireland and America; and participating in discussions to regulate the governance of the East India Company through petitions of grievances. In the circulation of Hicky's paper throughout the presidencies and in the contributions of pseudonymous writers we find a platform for the politically discontented among the European community of Bengal whose voice is otherwise muted amidst the Francis-Hastings disputes and the steady stream of 'official' information between Calcutta and London. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the history of Rocking P Gazette newspaper owned and operated by the family of Roderick and Laura Macleay. It mentions that the newspaper provides a great array of insights into the practical, financial, and cultural attributes of particular type of agricultural unit at a specific time and place in western Canadian history. It constructs a pathway to construct a pathway to a better understanding of family agriculture, and of ranching culture.

One of the most useful developments for modern historians is the digitization of the newspaper archives, since these ones are appreciated information sources between scholars that want to understand issues associated with politics, culture, and society. This fact is promoting an increasing digitalization of this kind of archives, causing the appearance of "new" challenges, due to the fact lack of text recognition technologies application to digitalized historical newspapers. It makes difficult application of technologies that allow an automatic processing and retrieving events related to daily life, such as meteorological events. Taking into account this scenario, this paper addresses these challenges for discovering how terminology was used in news related to meteorological events performed in the Latin-American society from the XIX-XX centuries. For that, we gather digitalized historical newspapers, which are available from websites, from National newspaper and periodicals libraries associated with Colombia, Ecuador, México and Uruguay. Once these newspapers have been collected, we carry out a corpus linguistics through a bibliomining process, performing technical readings and the application of technologies (QDA-MinerLite and R), which allows retrieving the terminology about meteorological events related to newspapers from different considered countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using nineteenth-century historical data on the Argentine press and the Irish press, we explore the plausibility of an environmental model of foundings in populations of organizations. We show that both internal population dynamics and events external to the press account for the quasi-cyclical patterns of newspaper foundings. Prior demises and prior foundings of newspapers both have curvilinear effects on current foundings; however, political turbulence at the national level accounts for the launching of most new press ventures. lnstitutional regime changes and economic cycles appear to have no effect on newspaper foundings. These findings suggest yet another mode of ecological influence on the change of organizational populations over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses U.S. Civil War studies, focusing on the relationship between military, social, and political histories when studying the era in American history. Other topics include the use of ideas in the book "On War" by Carl von Clausewitz to understand the Civil War, the relationship between the military, society, and the government during the Civil War, and how newspapers impacted and were impacted by the war.

Copyright of Varia História is the property of Varia Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With their collections of regional newspapers, the scientific libraries in Hesse have a unique reservoir of information about the First World War period which is now available in the form of digitised newspapers. This article presents the website “The First World War as mirrored in Hessian regional newspapers“ in detail and especially deals with the different search options and forms of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have digitised a corpus of Italian newspapers published in 1873-1914 in Gorizia, the county town of an area in the North Adriatic at the crossroad of the Latin, Slavic and Germanic civilizations, then part of the Habsburg Empire and now divided between Italy and Slovenia. This new corpus (of 47,466 pages) is analysed along with a comparable set of local Slovenian newspapers, already digitised by the Slovenian National Library. This large and multilingual effort in digital humanities reveals the statistical traces of events and ideas that shaped a remarkable place and period. The emerging picture is one of rapid cultural, social and technological transformation, and of rising national awareness, combining the larger European pattern with uniquely local aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Theorists of modern comics and graphic narratives point to seventeenth-century English illustrated broadsheets as being the primitive beginning of sequential graphic reading practice. Examination of both topical and decorative broadsheets designed for public display in the mid and late seventeenth century, however, reveal a more complex, multimodal reading experience that was accessible and appealing to the wide range of literacies that operated during this period. Broadsheets' sophisticated blending of visual, oral, and textual practices can be made more visible through the lens of our contemporary discussions of multimodal reading and learning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the coverage of the ʿUrabi rebellion of 1881–82 in the Istanbul-based Persian-language newspaper Akhtar. Akhtar was the first periodical to be published in Persian outside the auspices of the Qajar state, and first appeared on 13 January 1876, from the press owned by Mohammad Tāher Tabrizi in the Valide Han in the Ottoman capital. The objective of the present article is twofold. First, it aims to interweave the history of the Persian-language publication Akhtar with broader questions of how the Hamidian state strove to situate itself within a changing international order in a bid to affirm its legitimacy and sovereignty. It then proceeds to examine the ideological leanings of Akhtar set against the complex background of censorship laws implemented by the Hamidian state (1876–1908). To this end, by scrutinizing the reportage of this one specific event—the Egyptian crisis of 1881–82—it attempts to shed light on how the editors of Akhtar successfully maintained the delicate equilibrium of appeasing both its patrons: namely, the Hamidian state and its readership across the region where Persian was spoken. Thus, the article seeks also to highlight the ways in which inter-imperial dynamics lie at the heart of the history of this “Persian” publication. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

During 2005-2013, the award-winning website HealthNewsReview.org offered reviews ofmajormedia outlets' news stories related to health interventions, including tests, treatments, dietary changes, and prescription drugs. The reviews offered a measure by which the public and journalists themselves could assess the completeness and usefulness of health coverage across 10 criteria for quality reporting. This study produced an analysis of those reviews from 2005 to 2013, indicating significant changes in key areas. Analysis of 1,889 health news story reviews published by HealthNewsReview.org (HNR) between 2005 and 2013 showed that, on average, the stories reviewed during 2005-2010 successfully met just less than half of the criteria, but by 2010-2013, that average had improved to almost 70%. Therewere significant improvements over time in news organizations' success in meeting six of HNR's 10 criteria for a successful health news story related to drugs, devices, surgery and other medical procedures, and diet; however, when data for television stories were excluded, only the improvement in avoiding disease-mongering remained significant. In addition, there was a statistically significant decline in the percentage of stories rated satisfactory on establishing the true novelty of the intervention discussed in the story. There was no improvement in quantification of possible harms from medical interventions. Changes over time in meeting the criteria were related to outlet type and story topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article engages with recent debates on “tabloidization,” applying a corpus linguistic approach to examine diachronic shifts in the language and values of quoted speech in tabloid and “quality” newspapers. While “tabloidization” is often portrayed as a spreading of tabloid news values to “quality” publications, empirical data depict a process of dual-convergence whereby the quoted speech of each publication type adopts the language and values initially characteristic of the other. The significance of “tabloidization”—which has been identified as a key and emblematic component of recent debates on the changing nature of mass media—draws largely from the public-interest role of newspapers whereby the press have been viewed as agents with the power to inform and represent members of the shifting public sphere(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the reporting of the “Operation Trojan Horse” affair in two British newspapers, the Daily Mail and The Guardian, in 2014. I argue that this high-profile case was a vehicle for the Conservative-led Government, and parts of the United Kingdom’s press, to advance their doctrine of muscular liberalism, an ideology that locates the rise of extremism in the policies of multiculturalism. In this interpretation of the event, it was argued that, under a Labour council, schools in Birmingham had been given the freedom to practise a segregationist agenda, resulting in an infiltration of Islamist ideology. Through a radicalisation narrative, that locates the causes of terrorism with extremist thought, an issue of local governance and agency was transformed into an argument about terrorist radicalisation. This allowed Government agencies to intervene, at a local and national level, promoting an assimilationist agenda through conceptualisations of national identity, here constructed as “British values”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the newspaper repository of the Marshfield Sun Printing Museum in Coos Bay, Oregon. Information is provided about the "Coast Mail," which published news about the Spanish-American War, and about the transformational changes in "Coos Bay Times" after it was acquired by newspaperman Sheldon Sackett in 1930 that included introduction of font sizes and pictures for headlines, as well as its editorials on then U.S. presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

Drawing on a content analysis of television news and newspapers during the 2015 UK General Election along with semi-structured interviews with the heads and/or senior editors of news or politics from each broadcaster examined, we explore the intermedia agenda-setting influence of the national press during the campaign. Overall, we found similar policy-orientated agendas, with more stories emanating from right-wing newspapers and moments when front-page splashes dominated television news coverage. Many broadcasters were editorially comfortable with covering stories originating from newspapers if further context was supplied. Our findings do not point towards any deliberate political bias among broadcasters. We suggest instead that a range of structural constraints and professional routines encouraged broadcasters to feed off stories that were more likely to be supplied by right-leaning newspapers. Since news values are not politically neutral, we argue that if journalists or editors routinely rely on newspapers to help shape the political agenda it compromises their ability to make impartial judgements about news selection. Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, we conclude, could help to better understand the editorial processes behind the selection of news and to more carefully interpret intermedia agenda-setting than large N studies can supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the latter half of the nineteenth century, when the telegraph had produced an appetite for breaking news, New York City newspaper publishers used signs on their buildings to report headlines and promote their newspapers. Originally, chalkboards were used to post headlines. But, fierce competition led to the use of new technologies, such as magic lantern projections. These and, later, electrically lighted signs, would evoke amazement. In 1928, during an age of invention, the New York Times installed an electric "moving letter" sign on its building in Times Square. Popularly known as "the zipper," the motograph drew significant attention from New Yorkers over the next thirty years and contributed to the reorganization of readerships into audiences; it both anticipated television and was eclipsed by it. Drawing on the records of the New York Times Company, this article traces the history of newspaper signs and the zipper, while correcting the historical record regarding the inventor of the sign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Scopes Trial was one of the most controversial, widely reported, and well-researched court cases of the twentieth century. However, historians and other researchers have largely ignored the African American community's reaction and response to the trial, leaving out valuable perspectives on this historic event. In this article, the author takes up the question: To what extent did African Americans view the Scopes Trial as an educational issue? The viewpoints of a diverse group of African Americans who participated in the evolution debate are described and analyzed, focusing specifically on newspaper and periodical columnists. In addition, the author examines how African American commentators skillfully connected questions of science and religion to larger goals of educational and racial equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During Texas's decade as a republic, its newspapers never galvanized into a truly partisan press. The newspapers of Texas were political, but rather than focusing on party principles, they opposed or supported political candidates during the republic's four presidential elections, with two-term President Sam Houston as the pivotal figure. The independence of most newspapers from party patronage and influence and their patriotic elevation of the good of the country over loyalty to any faction demonstrated that editors did not fully adopt the American style of press partisanship they experienced before moving to Texas. Elections in the republic revolved around personalities instead of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]