Search

This article builds on previous literary scholarship to analyse the social and publication history of the enormously successful Lettres portugaises (1669), five letters published in the voice of an anonymous Portuguese nun to a French officer. Although the letters were based on an ancient model, this article suggests that their references to contemporary gendered constructions of biology and love, especially for enclosed women, were successfully used by publishers to commercialise a historically recurring gender binary of heterosexual love: men were rejected and women were abandoned. The popularity of the text was such that it entrenched notions of women's helplessness in matters of the heart for almost three centuries. This article argues that the Lettres portugaises' success was as much the result of the text's literary qualities as it was of the canny paratextual strategies deployed by seventeenth‐ and eighteenth‐century publishers to sell the book, its sequels and its imitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 1946, college student Shen Chong was raped by an inebriated US Marine in Peking. Although the initial trial by the court martial in China found the Marine guilty, the verdict was overturned by Judge Advocate General of the Navy in Washington. Student protests quickly turned into a nationwide anti‐American movement. In contrast to previous studies that emphasise the event's political impacts from the perspective of American imperialism and Chinese nationalism, this article shifts both the focus and scale of inquiry from the macro of national and international politics to the micro of a Chinese woman's body, investigating the particular mechanisms through which injustice towards a Chinese woman was executed in the US justice system. Probing along and against the 'archival grain' in both countries and languages, this article argues that such injustice was not only grounded in the political hegemony of the US military empire, but also resulted from a flawed legal system steeped in racial and sexual biases against Chinese women. This article further suggests that in order to understand this key chapter of Sino–US history, we must bring back to the centre of our study the injured woman, a figure that has remained largely invisible in the grand narratives of conventional political and diplomatic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies a specific historiographical gap obfuscating communist women, namely, a 'double blind spot' rooted in the combined effect of the scant consideration of women in histories of communism and of communist activists in accounts of the women's movement. It traces this pattern of invisibilisation back to the paradigm of communist women's 'instrumentalisation' and to the resulting paradox of an 'activism without agency'. The article then provides a critique of this received image; first, through an analysis of emerging scholarship on the female communist experience; second, through recourse to actors' own perspective on the rapport between communism and feminism and the possibilities of 'double militancy', drawn from sources of the post‐1968 Italian context. It closes with an argument for relocating communist women as an unexpectedly transgressive subject of twentieth‐century history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gender discourse in Maoist China can be summed up in Mao's famous motto 'men and women are the same'. Images of women operating various technologies were massively propagated in the 1950s and 1960s, illustrating that men and women were not only equal in political status but also in physical strength with the help of technology. In reality, however, women working in technical jobs were not on the same footing as their male counterparts. Taking female projectionists as the research subject, this article investigates how new professional women, assigned by the state, overcame gender bias in rural areas where a patriarchal culture prevailed. By examining the inconsistency between the Chinese Communist Party's gender policies that encouraged women's public participation and the rural culture that derided women in public space, this article contends that female projectionists' experiences of performing screening techniques played a significant role in opening up new spaces for women's repositioning in the patriarchal society. While operating technology did not naturally give women the same social status as men, it was through female projectionists' bodily practices that the socialist ideas of gender equality were disseminated in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the social and gender history of 'tropical whites' – all‐white men's suits worn with pith helmets in tropical societies colonised by European powers – between c.1900 and 1939. Focusing on two northern Australian ports with multiple connections to Asia, the article shows that tropical whites helped to sustain inequities of race, gender and class in the colonial tropics. The fashion did this by helping to produce hegemonic masculinity in the region. Tropical whites served this function by symbolising racial whiteness and imperial mastery, but also because of their material dimensions: who made and maintained them, and the bodily influence they exerted on their wearers. Underlining the embodied dimensions of hegemonic masculinity, the article explores the multidimensional relationship between menswear and power in the Australian tropics; at the same time showing that racially subordinated men transformed aspects of the fashion for their own ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using archival research on the correspondence of diplomat Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham, this article examines how Grantham used his material knowledge of carriage design to negotiate the often‐conflicting pushes and pulls on elite office‐holding men's identities and material cultures. Grantham's anxieties and frustrations surrounding 'making a figure' showcase the importance of material culture and material literacy in the construction and negotiation of a professional (specifically diplomatic), social and gendered identity in the late‐eighteenth century and suggests an alternative vision of the 'anxious masculinity' paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far from being a natural, prelapsarian state, cisness is a hegemonic ideal of gender performance demanded of all people. This article explores the construction of cisness in the field of Byzantine studies, and the historiographical tropes through which it is maintained, naturalised and made invisible. It uses analysis of hegemonic cisness in Byzantine studies to suggest new avenues of investigation for Byzantine gender history. It proposes 'cisness' as method; a focal point for historical and historiographical investigation. It asks, was there cisness in Byzantium? If so, did it resemble ours? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two major barriers interfere with writing trans histories of the premodern world: the conflict between creating a legible or foreignised past and balancing the vastness of the social system of gender against individual performances of gender identity. In this article, I propose one methodology to bypass these barriers. Additionally, this methodology reminds us that both gender and history are systems which we use to generate narratives about ourselves and that these narratives always care for and nourish certain people. Here, I issue a call for trans historians to unabashedly write histories that care for and nourish trans lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution examines the role of Marie‐Hélène Lefaucheux, the French representative in the UN Commission on the Status of Women between 1948 and 1953. By focusing on Lefaucheux's activism and connection with the French government, this article intends to analyse how French post‐imperial policy carried out by reformist women's organisations pursued the expansion of women's and human rights whilst supporting the empire. Using a range of archival sources and the Commission's reports, this work argues that the role of reformist imperial women and organisations was crucial in influencing the Commission which was both a place of contestation and protection of the gendered and colonial order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom's (WILPF) and Women's International Democratic Federation's (WIDF) fact‐finding missions sent to Chile in 1974. It explains how women's international organisations presented reports and information about human rights abuses during Genera Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship (1973–1990). By using their publications, oral interviews, memoirs and press reports, the study sheds light on the extensive efforts deployed by the WILPF and WIDF to disseminate knowledge and promote actions designed to improve the lives of Chilean women. The article shows that women's international organisations promoted inclusive ideas of rights, including women's particular experiences under military rule, and that such efforts built in the organisations' previous experiences of human rights activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores one of the classic questions in the history of old age: what happened to the status of the elderly in the nineteenth century? How do we explain the emergence of the modern notion of an old age defined by 'declines' of every sort (cognitive, physical, financial)? The article focuses on Germany, then and now a global leader on this issue, and it focuses on women, whose ageing was more widely discussed than that of men. It shows that the great nineteenth‐century debate about the elderly was not about industrialisation, labour, health or social policy. It was a debate about time. The cultural understanding of the elderly changed because the culture of temporality did. The focus on futurity and the youth around 1900 is well known, as modern Germany became convulsed with imperial fantasies and electric urban life. This had, it turns out, negative repercussions for older Germans. No longer the accretions of a long past of wisdom and experience, they were identified instead with their short future of corporeal decline and death. The social attitude towards older people is therefore related to the broader social attitude towards time, history and change: a finding that might apply in other times and places, including our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Middle Ages, gender‐neutral representations of humility as a quality linked to spiritual love and voluntary service competed with representations according to gendered patterns, such as those related to the naked and dressed body in terms of its biological and social functions and its appearance. Moving from Dante's examples of humility in Purgatory, Canto X, this article focuses on representations of humility in textual and pictorial sources authored by women and men between the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries in Italy. By showing the complexity of these representations, this article revisits and reconsiders one‐sided historiographical narratives according to which humility in the Middle Ages was intrinsically, persistently and negatively related to feminine suppression and servility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the participation of Italian‐American women in the California wine industry, paying attention to the interactions between gender and ethnicity. Italian‐American women contributed to the birth and the development of family‐run companies, but their role in wineries was often invisible, as it was regarded as mere support for male business owners, and their power was limited. The work of Italian‐American women did not represent a model of individual emancipation from the family, but carried out a social function of conservation which made it possible for family businesses to thrive. After the Second World War, women such as Rosa Mondavi and Sylvia Sebastiani reinvented their own roles to fit within the models of femininity imposed on the middle class, gaining control over their family businesses and contributing to Italian‐Californian wine culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the nineteenth century, a gendered reform movement – the Slander of Women Acts – swept through the British common law world, making it easier for women to sue for defamatory allegations of sexual immorality. By examining two slander cases brought by women in early New South Wales and radical reforms passed in 1847, this article locates the Australian colonies within this global campaign. Arguing that slander worked to reinscribe a woman's colonial category, police 'savage' speech and rectify respectability for economic purposes, it shows how ideas of reputation and its protection diverged across the UK, USA and Australia at this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1861, twenty‐year‐old Ruth Bradford accompanied her father to the Chinese treaty port of Amoy where he was to serve as American consul. Bradford recorded this trip in a diary kept from her departure from New York until her 1863 return. Drawing upon her diary, this paper explores how Bradford, as the only American woman in Amoy, refined her sense‐of‐self through interracial and cross‐cultural encounters with the settlement's Chinese and British inhabitants. The paper argues that through critical comparison with these communities, Bradford, like other nineteenth‐century American women in China, consolidated and articulated her gendered, racial and burgeoning patriotic national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks to the societal and imperial margins to examine attitudes towards social welfare provision in the final decades of the Russian Empire. Drawing on archival material from the Empire's Estliand province (now northern Estonia), the article focuses on the self‐representation of single mothers and official discussions of abandoned children. Society was in flux in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as rapid industrialisation, urbanisation and rural‐to‐urban migration served to undermine traditional social structures, mentalities and identities. These changes were accompanied by the disruption of the traditional patriarchal gender order, as well shifting ideas about who ought to be responsible for taking care of vulnerable groups. In rural Estliand, Estonian‐speaking unmarried women sought engagement with Russian imperial judicial structures to secure child maintenance. In the early 1900s, anxieties about the social impacts of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation and the development of new currents in philanthropy, meant that care for foundlings and abandoned children became a burning issue in the minds of Estliand's provincial officials. Examining single mothers and child abandonment in Estliand illuminates tensions between empire‐wide and local mechanisms for dealing with social issues, as well as shifting attitudes to gender, the family and charity in light of urbanisation and modernisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the authors discuss the theme of food and sovereignty within the issue.

This article combines ethnographic fieldwork in Cape Coast's Kotokuraba Market with theories of 'the right to the city' and historical literature on gender and space in West Africa to highlight the connections between women's food labour and the social production of market space in Ghana. In identifying two critical moments from Ghana's history that exemplify the influence of economic policy on the gender arrangement of the marketplace, this article argues that although women have historically dominated Ghana's public marketplaces, their 'right to the city' – the collective and individual rights to determine the form and function of market space – remains out of reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the intersections between sweetness, femininity and the confectionery trade in eighteenth‐century Barcelona, at a time of growing consumption of sugar and slavery. Drawing on a range of underexplored archival material, this study traces the stories of women of different social groups, namely, elite housewives, nuns and tradeswomen who engaged with the production and trade of sweets in ingenious ways. This article argues that in the period when women were culturally diminished through their portrayals as 'sweet' and barred by guild structures, many women exercised social and economic agency in the confectionery trade in Barcelona. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how the feminisation of Western‐style confectionery was critical in bridging sweetness with modernity in interwar Japan. By examining three categories of Japanese women – the 'female worker', the 'modern girl' and the 'good wife, wise mother', it argues that the sweetness of Western‐style confectionery was associated with the female body due to women's extensive involvement in the production process and performances in visual advertisements. As these women helped construct the cultural imagination of Western‐style confectionery as a feminised product, their presence also unfolds the key links between Japan's rising consumer culture and the empire's growing power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For Turtle Island's Buffalo Nations – those sharing a common food system with bison at the centre – herds are a food source, as well as relatives and pillars of cultural continuity. Bison give life while exemplifying it to their tribal relatives who learned from the herds' matriarchal organisation. Other matriarchs, including regional seeds, offer their own cultural teachings to help balance buffalo foodways. Colonial annihilation of these interspecies relatives was an attack on Indigenous People's relationships and lifeways. Re‐centring these knowledge systems and ways of being is a priority in asserting tribal sovereignty and revitalising foodways. To do so, two initiatives in the Fort Peck Reservation are using contemporary tools, interlaced with cultural knowledge to increase access to Indigenous foods. First at the Fort Peck Bison Ranch where community members organise a hunt and oversee animal transfers to other communities re‐establishing their own cultural herds. Further, Woicago Tipi, a Fort Peck gardening project, is working to rematriate Indigenous seed varieties so that they may continue to adapt to the regional climate and rebalance Buffalo Nation food systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that one way to foreground and privilege women's perspectives on the Cold War is by re‐interpreting their historical experiences of food and drink. The article develops this argument by analysing one letter, from an unknown woman to the BBC, in the context of nuclear health concerns in early Cold War Britain. This article contends that where archival references to food, drink and women are ephemeral, a lonely source can describe historical experience that extends far beyond its singularity. While it would be easy to dismiss this letter as exceptional, it demonstrates one woman's informed and reasonable approach to an unstable and inexplicable topic. The article argues that divesting research from its traditional, masculine Cold War rules of perception contributes to a fairer view of previously ignored 'feminine' sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explains why Æthelflaed, ruler of Mercia, mattered to writers of history in twelfth-century England. It argues that these writers evaluated and compared rulers based not on sex or bloodline, but on the quality of a ruler's achievements relative to the set and scale of challenges the ruler faced. They thought Æthelflaed remarkable because her triumphs for Mercia distinguished her from other rulers. The article shows that a new understanding of attitudes in twelfth-century England towards rulers, past and present, is required. It accounts for the absence of gendered comments about rulers, as well as the presence of non-binary concepts of gender, in medieval writing. It also challenges the enduring idea that Latin writers imposed a shared, Wessex-dominated national vision on the English past. They asserted Mercia's independence under Æthelflaed's sole rule, which shows that English regional interests persisted in the historical imagination long after the Norman Conquest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the intersections of race, sex and gender that shaped the legal system of assimilation in colonial Mozambique. Between 1917 and 1961, Africans could apply for assimilated (assimilado/a) status, granting them limited rights of Portuguese citizenship. Analysis of assimilation case files, administrative reports and public debates in local newspapers reveals that assimilation was an ambiguous, changing and gendered system shaped not only by its Portuguese legislative architects, but also by the African men and women who navigated the law, and encouraged its reforms, over time. Using a feminist historical approach to challenge entrenched scholarly interpretations of the system as uniformly male gendered, this article reveals that marriage, miscegenation and women were at the centre of the assimilation system as a contested site of the politics of 'civilisation' in the colonial capital of Lourenço Marques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks: what are the factors that encourage and enable, or require and force, some fathers to reduce employment and stay home with children? It draws upon a conceptual model which examines how 'gender cultures' and 'gender systems' shape 'gender arrangements' of work and family life. The article uses evidence from oral history interviews conducted with men who were stay‐at‐home fathers in late‐twentieth‐century Australia. It concludes that when Australian families negotiated decisions about who would stay home with young children, economic forces were usually more influential than gender ideals. Yet the oral history accounts also show what fathers, and their families, could gain when men took on a shared and central role in the care of their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bringing into connection the scholarship on social reproduction and racial capitalism shows that the global history of Atlantic slavery is a gendered story; and the gendered history of Atlantic slavery is a global story. Attending in particular to reproductive labor in all its forms, and to the centrality of gender relations to the transmission of property and status, enables greater understanding of Atlantic slavery as a critically important aspect of modern global history. Indeed, without attention to gender and specifically to reproductive work, the global history of Atlantic slavery will inevitably be partial and incomplete. The reproductive work of women in Africa, as well as in the Americas, should be understood as an integral part of the development of Atlantic slavery, and thus of racial capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses understandings of a novel wartime labour force, the Women's Land Army, and of the cattle that a large proportion of its members worked with, in Britain during and after the Second World War. It draws on official records, publicity material, print media, memoirs and oral histories for an analysis of the gendered dynamics of the wartime management of the dairy herd, focusing on cultural constructions and their contradictions. We argue that Land Girls were widely depicted as urban interlopers even though many came from rural backgrounds, while cattle were sometimes seen as representatives of rural resistance and sometimes as vehicles for personal transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I examine a practice and ritual process of university student life called "la noche de locas". In this ritual process, engineering students at the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC) prepare a choreography or catwalk "dressed as women." From a cultural and gender history perspective I seek to understand why the representation of the "locas" emerged in a historically masculinized space, as well as its implications in the production and reproduction of the transgression of gender order within this engineering school. I frame my analysis in an engineering culture in which traditionally masculine meanings predominate as a staple of the discipline, and from which feminine attributes are traditionally excluded. I worked with newspapers and thematic oral history of graduates who participated in (and testified to) this ritual process in different moments. This allowed me to identify several representations of the "locas" that show small breaks in traditional masculinity models, and that the production of the locas is a space of possibility for creativity, subjectivity and agency of invisible actors. However, since it is a ritual process that occurs during a liminal moment, it fulfills the characteristics of role reversals that end up reproducing and confirming the established gender order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates how international migrant women develop experiences of homemaking across simultaneous spatialities. Is conducted a theoretical analysis of the uses of the concept of home in migration and border studies since the last decade of the twentieth century, with a specific focus on the transnational and cross-border dimensions of the phenomenon. It explores the particularities of cross-border homes, assuming that the research carried out in border territories has revealed an intensification of the inequalities experienced by women in these areas. Following the Heideggerian debates it is proposed that the inequalities experienced by migrant and cross-border women are materialized in their bodies and in their experiences of inhabiting, which has multidimensional implications in the way they articulate their homes. Final reflections on migration, women and the homemaking across borders are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: With this article we undertake, on the one hand, to make an analytical reflection on the category of gender from a few representative studies that use it as a tool for analysis and interpretation in historical studies, showing the appropriation, advances, and uses of this category over the last three decades in Latin America. On the other hand, we present the articles that comprise this dossier, which, given their thematic variety, constitute advances in the relationship between history and gender. Methodology: In the construction of the article, we picked up on research carried out by academics who, from different perspectives and positions, have dealt with the relationship between history and gender in scientific articles, research texts, and books, originating from investigations in research groups, conferences, and colloquia, in the countries of the region. The article, however, does not pretend to cover all topics, all approaches, and all methods, much less be a reflection of all the relevant work that has been produced in the historical discipline, carried out in the various Latin American academies, otherwise, varied and with uneven developments. Originality: The text emphasizes that the relationship between history and gender is in itself a long-standing construction, identifying certain aspects in the evolution of the category of gender, its relational character with other categories, other notions and other concepts, and describing a set of fields for renewal and new perspectives in historical research on gender. Conclusions: In this approach, we conclude that it becomes increasingly necessary when using the category of gender that it not be understood as a synonym for "women"; that it be used in a relational manner being cognizant of the actions of women and men, on the basis that in the exercise of power there are also changing forces of resistance, negotiation, conflict, and consensus; that the uses of the category of gender do not replace the sense of feminisms, their contributions, and claims, nor the approaches of studies on women, and that the category and gender relations are an open topic, to think from the present about new ways of constructing reality, or of approaching past realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines stories of men who gelded themselves in early modern England. These events, it argues, were shaped and partly motivated by a culture in which castration was seen as both degrading and potentially empowering. Religious precedents such as that of Origen of Alexandria framed self-gelding as a foolhardy activity, but one which nevertheless indicated an impressive degree of mastery over the body and its urges. Meanwhile, judicial and popular contexts framed castration as a humiliating and emasculating ordeal. Instances of self-gelding in this period are rare but nonetheless illuminating. Relayed in medical texts and popular ballads, such actions typically occurred as a response to emotional distress. In particular, men gelded themselves as a means to express feelings of emasculation within heterosexual relationships, and to dramatically renounce their role in the libidinal economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the conference organized by the Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), June 6-7, 2019. It explores different aspects of gender relations between occupiers and occupied during the Allied Occupation of defeated Germany after 1945. It adds that the focal points of the workshop were the various modalities of non-voluntary cohabitation and the broad spectrum those gender relationships could take as well.

Focusing on the United States, Field and Syrett argue that the supposed universality of chronological age masks the processes through which legislators and government officials relied upon age to reinforce inequalities rooted in coverture and chattel slavery. Two case studies reveal how bureaucratic and legislative age requirements functioned in tandem to deny equal citizenship to women and formerly enslaved people. During the Civil War, Congress passed legislation to grant age-based Civil War pensions for minor children that appeared neutral in law but came to be administered in ways that denied equal benefits to the families of black Civil War soldiers on the grounds that they lacked adequate proof of age. State governments, meanwhile, continued to pass laws that differentiated between men and women in the realm of legal majority, using chronological age as a means to shore up gender inequality even as women gained new rights and opportunities. Recent conflicts over voter identification laws and age determination for child migrants reveal that chronological age remains a contested category through which government officials can deny equal treatment under the law by defining the criteria for what counts as adequate proof of age. Cracks in the modern regime of government-issued birth certificates reveal that age remains what it has always been: not a neutral fact, but a vector of power through which government officials and ordinary people construct and contest the boundaries of citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares access to parental leave benefits in the four largest Canadian provinces -Québec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia between 2000 and 2016, using quantitative data from the Employment Insurance Coverage Survey. We show that inequalities in the receipt of benefits mirror and reinforce the structure of income and gender inequalities. We argue that Alberta and Québec represent two regimes of parental benefits. In Alberta, the take-up of parental benefits is low, and is closely related to income and gender. Conversely, the vast majority of mothers and fathers have access to parental benefits in Québec. We argue that Alberta is closer to a liberal regime of parental benefits, while Québec is closer to a social-democratic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper is a sociological thought on the implementation of the Cameroonian National Gender Policy in the field. After a brief description of the greatest winnings of this public development policy, the author tries to make a critical sociology of the main factors which limit its real implementation in the public and private spheres of our nowadays societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rift between evolutionary psychology and the biosocial model of gender relations impedes a fuller understanding of gender roles and gender inequality. In a novel evolutionary account that complements both existing theories, we highlight life history strategies as intermediate mechanism linking distal environmental forces to variations in gender relations. Specifically, traditional versus modernized gender roles are seen as shaped by present-oriented versus future-oriented reproductive strategies, which are sensitive to uncontrollable morbidity-mortality risks. Gender inequality stems from a combination of present-oriented reproductive strategies adapted to high-risk environments and dominance hierarchies resulting from societal competition (i.e., the probability of obtaining resources desired by others through personal efforts). By contrast, gender egalitarian values develop as people increasingly enact future-oriented reproductive strategies in a competitive but orderly and controllable environment, which is conducive to prestige hierarchies. The current account provides novel interpretations of phenomena ranging from sex differences in mate preference, sociosexuality, and sexism to cross-cultural variability in marital systems and cultural practices. All of these serve to support the view that gender relations are evolved, changeable, and influenced by the interaction between ecological and social environments in ways predicted by the life history mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Forum explores new directions in the history of sexology. The contributions included here draw upon the histories of gender and sexuality, science, medicine, law and the body. The featured papers analyse shifting theoretical conceptualisations of the ‘normal’, the role of gender, age and able-bodiedness in medical-scientific contexts, and representations of gendered violence in sexual scientific and criminological contexts. This co-authored introduction positions these discussions in relation to new directions in the history and historiography of sexology, exploring the ways in which gender has been consistently been overlooked in this field.

Background: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is caused by a somatic mutation in GNAQ leading to capillary venous malformations in the brain presenting with various neurological, ophthalmic, and cognitive symptoms of variable severity. This clinical variability makes accurate prognosis difficult. We hypothesized that the greater extent of physical factors (extent of skin, eye, and brain involvement), presence of possible genetic factors (gender and family history), and age of seizure onset may be associated with greater symptom severity and need for surgery in patients with SWS.Methods: The questionnaire was collected from 277 participants (age: two months to 66 years) with SWS brain involvement at seven US sites.Results: Bilateral brain involvement was associated with both learning disorder and intellectual disability, whereas port-wine birthmark extent was associated with epilepsy and an increased likelihood of glaucoma surgery. Subjects with family history of vascular birthmarks were also more likely to report symptomatic strokes, and family history of seizures was associated with earlier seizure onset. Learning disorder, intellectual disability, strokelike episodes, symptomatic stroke, hemiparesis, visual field deficit, and brain surgery were all significantly associated with earlier onset of seizures.Conclusion: The extent of brain and skin involvement in SWS, as well as the age of seizure onset, affect prognosis. Other genetic factors, particularly variants involved in vascular development and epilepsy, may also contribute to neurological prognosis, and further study is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of feminist geography in Hungary coincides with the 25 year-long history of Gender, Place and Culture. Authorities denied the existence of gender inequality in the era of state socialism, which was the primary obstacle to the spread of gender studies. The political changes that had occurred after 1989 had removed most obstacles, but feminist geography emerged with a delay relative to other disciplines. Its first two decades was characterised by struggles and compromises within and against the geographical discipline in order for it to win recognition. The 25 year-long history of feminist studies has, however, been completely broken by legislation proposed by the current government suggesting a ban on masters programs in gender studies. In this article, I trace the situation of feminist geography in Hungary by applying the concept ʻcurved spaceʼ. This concept adapted from modern physics claims that mass creates a gravitational field, i.e. it bends 4-dimensional ʻspacetimeʼ. My argument is that the situation of feminist geography in Hungary can be interpreted as an embodiment of ʻcurved spaceʼ. Using this analogy, I argue that the current Hungarian government has amassed such a huge amount of power that has enabled it to curve the space of feminist geographical knowledge production. It has established a quasi-dictatorship that resembles the one that impeded the evolution of gender/feminist geography in the state socialist era. Therefore, only broad-based solidarity can help create opposition to the current government's attacks against gender studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the extent to which social anxiety (SA) differed by dimensions of sexual identity, attraction, romantic and sexual history. Participants were 1133 emerging adults, 635 of whom endorsed a non-heterosexual identity and/or some same gender attraction or history. Individuals who reported a minority sexual identity, any same-gender attraction or experience reported greater SA compared to majority peers, particularly those with experience with/attraction to multiple genders. Differences are discussed in terms of implications/recommendations for mental health research and the need for research on nonbinary and intersectional identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A speech about the study of history, with a particular focus on gender and history and the role of women in history, given by American Historical Association (AHA) president Mary Beth Norton, is presented. She also discusses lines of inquiry in historical research.

This article illuminates the extent to which Chilean Boy Scouting has functioned not merely as a recreational program, but also as a literary project. I call this project scoutismo. Upon textual terrain, Chilean Boy Scout authors have constructed theories of gender and nationality, while Chilean boy scouts, as readers, have found themselves addressed as subjects whose masculinity and Chileanness appear to be in crisis. Through a close reading of short stories published in Chilean Boy Scout magazines from the 1910s to the early 1940s, I attend to the discursive complexity with which editors, authors, and readers have curated, produced, and consumed literature to train one another in the meanings of gender and nationality. Furthermore, I suggest that the Boy Scout magazine medium serves as the literary counterpart of a specific Scout practice: the campfire gathering, which a prominent scoutista author has described as a beautiful sharing of brief literary pieces. Not only around the flames, but also in the pages of magazines, boy scouts and their adult leaders use the short narrative genre to work out their masculinities and nationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]