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This article is a review of Richard Bourke's book, "Hegel's World Revolutions," which focuses on Hegel's political thought and historical method. The book is divided into three parts and covers various topics related to Hegel's engagement with Christianity, his critique of the Roman world and the French Revolution, and his analysis of the modern constitutional state. The reviewer notes that while Bourke's exposition is comprehensive, it lacks critical engagement with the secondary literature. The article also discusses the relationship between Kant's philosophical ideas and the events of the French Revolution, as well as questions about Hegel's interpretation of Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason." The text explores the decline of Hegel's reputation after World War II, attributing it to criticisms from philosophers like Heidegger and the Frankfurt School. However, the author argues that Hegel's influence remained strong in France and Germany, and that the criticisms did not diminish the significance of his political ideas. The text also examines Adorno's criticism of Hegel and Bourke's examination of the historical turn in political thought since 1960. Bourke criticizes the Cambridge School for moving away from contextualist analysis and towards historically based moralism, as well as the denigration of Kant's contribution in the realist turn of political philosophy. While Bourke does not fully develop his own methodology for the history of political thought, he emphasizes the importance of understanding political structures as products of earlier forces without conflating past circumstances with the present [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses two books that explore different aspects of the Russian revolutions of the 19th century. The first book, "Utopia's Discontents" by Faith Hillis, focuses on the anti-government group of émigrés and exiles who created "concrete utopias" in European cities. The second book, "1837: Russia's Quiet Revolution" by Paul W. Werth, examines the imperial supporters who believed in God, the tsar, and tradition. The article highlights the diverse nature of these colonies, the changing ideologies and personal relationships within them, and the complex relationship between the Bolsheviks and the outside world. The article acknowledges the significance of understanding nineteenth-century Russia in order to comprehend contemporary global challenges and the complexities of historical change. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the concept of ideology and its relationship to language, reality, and interpretation. The author argues that ideology structures our understanding of reality through flawed interpretations, perpetuating moral wrongs. The text emphasizes the importance of recognizing the role of language in ideology critique and understanding how dominant meanings shape our access to the world. It also discusses the incorporation of theories of direct reference and formal notions of the world in the development of a hermeneutics of ideology critique. The goal is to dismantle dominant world-disclosures and promote rational discourse among equals. [Extracted from the article]

The interview given by Marina F. Bykova, Professor of Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies at North Carolina State University (USA), and the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Studies in East European Thought. She earned her PhD and Dr. Habil in Philosophy from the Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia), where she worked until relocating to the USA in 2000. Bykova specializes in the history of nineteenth century continental philosophy, with a particular focus on German idealism. She has also written extensively on Russian philosophy and intellectual tradition. She has published 11 books and over 250 scholarly articles. Her forthcoming book, Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature: A Critical Guide, is set to be released by Cambridge University Press in 2024.

The article "KANT TODAY" talks about the reception and study of Kant's philosophy in Mexico. It highlights the influence of neokantism, especially through José Ortega y Gasset, in the introduction of German philosophy in Latin America. It also mentions the contribution of Francisco Larroyo and Guillermo Héctor Rodríguez in the reception of neokantism in Mexico. Additionally, it emphasizes the boost that the study of Kant's philosophy received in Mexico through analytical philosophy, with academics such as Luis Villoro, Fernando Salmerón, and Carlos Pereda. The text also addresses the relationship between reason and language, the importance of art as a tool to achieve rational ends, and the criticism of Kant's confusion between philosophical and empirical aspects in his work. It also mentions the reconfiguration of transcendental philosophy by thinkers like Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas, and the importance of the principle of "the purposiveness of nature" in Kant's Critique of Judgment. The author also analyzes the judgment of taste and Kant's treatment of sensus communis in his third critique, highlighting the importance of establishing a civil society based on principles of law and guaranteeing individual freedom, as well as a cosmopolitan order at a global level. [Extracted from the article]

The article analyzes the main work of Arthur Schopenhauer, "Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung", in commemoration of its bicentennial. It highlights the lack of a critical edition of the work and discusses the different existing editions. It also mentions the influence of philosophers such as Plato, Kant, and the Upanishads on Schopenhauer's thinking. Additionally, it addresses the reception and influence of Schopenhauer in 19th-century German philosophy, as well as his focus on natural science and scientific research. The article offers different perspectives and detailed analysis on Schopenhauer's philosophy in topics such as metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, and philosophy of religion. It also discusses Schopenhauer's relationship with St. Francis of Assisi and analyzes his reception in Brazil and Italy, his relationship with Modernity, and his life in Frankfurt. The compilation offers a contemporary view of Schopenhauer's ideas and is recommended for those interested in his work. [Extracted from the article]

This article revisits Feuerbach's "break with speculation" in the early 1840s in light of issues raised by the original Pantheism Controversy, initiated in 1785 by the publication of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi's Letters on the Doctrine of Spinoza. The article first describes the concerns underlying Jacobi's repudiation of Spinozism, and rationalism more generally, in favor of a personalistic theism that disclaims the possibility of philosophical knowledge of God. It goes on to reconstruct Hegel's alternative to Jacobi's famous salto mortale before considering how Feuerbach's critique of Hegel's philosophy of religion, as well as the personalism of the so-called Positive Philosophy (inspired by the late Schelling), was influenced by both Spinoza and Jacobi in ways that have not yet received sufficient attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction outlines the genesis and evolution of the two-year German Philosophy Seminar, setting the stage for the current special issue. Originating in 2019 at the University of London, the seminar initially focused on Martin Buber's philosophy, since his insights into dialogue and human relationality became once again topical and relevant in light of the recent broad and rapid changes in public and interpersonal communication. The 2020 shift to an online format due to the Covid-19 pandemic presented challenges but also facilitated global participation, fostering a virtual community. The seminar's success prompted its continuation, partnering with the Global Lehrhaus to explore contemporary themes in conjunction with Buber's philosophy. Across two academic years, sessions delved into Buber's ideas in dialogue with diverse perspectives such as Marxism, feminism, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, communication theory, and contemporary social philosophy. The resulting publication captures these discussions, emphasizing the enduring relevance of Buber's concepts in today's context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Mark Textor's book, "The Disappearance of the Soul and the Turn against Metaphysics: Austrian Philosophy 1874–1918," explores the development of empirical psychology in German philosophy. The book traces the evolution of psychology from a science of the soul to a science without soul, substances, or metaphysics. The author examines the rejection of the soul by philosophers such as Franz Brentano, Wilhelm Wundt, and Ernst Mach, and the emergence of new concepts like intentionality and neutral monism. The book also delves into the debates surrounding the subject, judgments, and the limits of knowledge. While the book is comprehensive and well-structured, it is limited to the period of 1874-1918 and does not cover Ludwig Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle. [Extracted from the article]

"Tyranny and Revolution: Rousseau to Heidegger" by Waller R. Newell explores the concept of freedom and revolution in the political philosophy of German thinkers from Rousseau to Heidegger. The book examines how these philosophers viewed freedom and revolution as interconnected, with revolution often seen as a means to restore or simulate the lost freedom of humanity. The author also discusses the influence of classical Greek political thought on these philosophers and their critiques of modernity. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the philosophical tradition and its implications for understanding freedom and revolution. [Extracted from the article]

In this article, the Hegelian concepts of bad infinity and true infinity are analyzed in the context of a review of the notion of infinity in the German philosophical tradition with which it engages. Punctually, we will address the formulations of the finitude-infinitude relation in the work of I. Kant, J. G. Fichte, and F. Schlegel before exposing Hegel’s interpretation of how transcendental philosophy and German romanticism approached this issue. Finally, we present the true way in which, according to Hegel, the infinite is to be understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to construct a concept of subjectivity from Nietzsche's philosophy. To do so, the article is divided into three moments: the first presents the concept of history in the German thinker's thought, starting from his critique of interpretative one-dimensionality and his proposal of hermeneutic openness of history; the second revisits the concept of becoming, thus exposing how it is associated with amor fati to construct a vision of Nietzsche's being-in-the-world; and finally, the last moment deals with the concept of the child, which is taken as the ultimate transformation of the spirit and, from there, as the best principle for thinking of a form of life that is truly free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To highlight the power of art to transform an individual's ethical behavior and support them in their struggle against unjust power, through the study of the story "El Canto De La Cigarra" ("The Song of the Cicada") by Cuban author Onelio Jorge Cardoso (1914-1986) and the fable "The Ants and the Grasshopper" by the Greek fabulist Aesop (6th century B.C.). Methodology: The starting point was a historical journey through Platonic, Pythagorean, Aristotelian, and Cynic philosophy, as well as the philosophy of the German philosopher Schopenhauer, regarding the ability of art to mitigate humanity's pain and appease its passions. Emphasizing that in the story "The Song of the Cicada," the Cuban writer emphasizes the relationship between art and power and illustrates the creation of a healthy and constructive society through aesthetic cultivation, a comparative study was conducted of this story with the fable "The Ants and the Grasshopper" by Aesop. Both authors use the world of animals as a microcosm of the human community. Results: The social importance of the artist and their work was demonstrated. Although not immediately evident, the usefulness of this importance can lead to the moral improvement of the entire community, fostering a solidary and anti-dogmatic future. Conclusions: Through the allegorical paradigm of the animal community, it becomes clear that art introduces perfection and ethical beauty into society. Hence, in a world in full social crisis, the artist, through his work, manages to topple the powerful from their thrones, exalting the most humiliated and creating an ideal world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The primary purpose of the study is to approach Štúr's method of reflection on the category of truth and its cognition. Despite the fact that he did not write any comprehensive philosophical treatise devoted to this philosophical issue, Štúr's various articles and lectures offer the possibility of reconstructing his position on the given question. The research of this issue within the framework of the research of the history of Slovak philosophical thought is connected to the analysis of the reflection of European philosophical influences in Štúr's thinking, in which, in addition to the influence of authors from the environment of German classical philosophy, the influence of the Russian circle of Slavophiles was also manifested. One of the basic positions of the Slavophiles, on the basis of which they defined a categorical differentiation between Western and Slavic philosophical thought, was precisely the different epistemological tradition. The study approximates the given context of Štúr's approach to the investigation of reality, on the basis of which we can more comprehensively understand the specific nature of Štúr's political program, his various ideological starting points and approaches to political issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cogency: Journal of Reasoning & Argumentation is the property of Cogency Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article titled "Comment on 'Reflections on Lukács' realist view of literature from a literary-critical and philosophical perspective'" by Guangyong Zhang discusses the acceptance and study of Lukács' theory of realism in literature in China. The article highlights Lukács' marginalization and resurgence of interest in him during different historical periods. It also explores the controversies surrounding Lukács' literary theory in China, particularly regarding his exclusion of naturalistic and modernist literature. The author focuses on Lukács' concept of "totality" and its connection to realist literary theory, as well as the issue of reification consciousness in capitalist society. The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of Lukács' ideas in order to engage with his philosophical and literary perspectives effectively. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Thélème is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides a summary of various articles that analyze the philosophical stance and contributions of Valentin Asmus, a highly respected Soviet philosopher. Asmus was influenced by his peers and teachers at St. Vladimir Kyiv University and had a strong admiration for German philosophy and Russian literature. He initially started as an idealist philosopher but later switched to Marxist dialectics, making significant contributions to Marxist Leninist philosophy. Despite facing challenges in navigating the ideological traps of the Soviet Union, Asmus aimed to maintain his intellectual dignity. The article also highlights Asmus's interpretation of historical development, his affinity for neo-Kantian traditions and aesthetics, and his interest in art and literature. It concludes by mentioning the denial of permission to translate Asmus's works due to ideological reasons. [Extracted from the article]

The paper is about the Soviet philosopher Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus (1894–1975) and his criticism of the fascist and Nazi appropriation of Hegel's philosophy. The status of the Hegelian legacy was very controversial in Marxism-Leninism throughout the Stalinist era. Unlike the majority of Soviet academics of this time, Asmus did not recognize any valid intellectual legacy at the base of German fascism. Asmus heavily criticized attempts to portray Hegel as a pro-fascist thinker. When many Soviet philosophers defended only the method, dialectics, Asmus defended Hegel's social and political views as humanistic and liberal. The first part of the article describes the "official" Soviet philosophy within the context of which Asmus had to act. The second part offers a comprehensive analysis of the criticism of Hegel's fascist interpretation in Asmus' Fascist Falsification of Classical German Philosophy (1942). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadly defined as adherence to teachings of Christian Wolff (1679–1754), Wolffianism characterized much of the mainstream of German academic philosophy for at least half the eighteenth century. German Pietism, by contrast, defined in its narrowest sense as a late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century movement for the renewal of the Lutheran Churches of the Holy Roman Empire, has long figured in the history of German "Enlightenment" philosophy as Wolffianism's anti-philosophical, religious foil. The conventional portrait of Wolffianism and Pietism as antithetical to one another, which has long structured the historiography of eighteenth-century German philosophy, is by no means implausible, but it has been undermined over the past several decades by a significant and growing body of new research. This essay offers a panoramic survey and critical assessment of the state of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In eighteenth-century post-Leibnizian German philosophy, the debate on immortality did not concern only the fate of the soul after death but also the fate of the body. Leibniz had famously maintained that no animal ever dies, for the soul is never entirely deprived of its living body. In spite of Bilfinger's almost isolated defense, this doctrine never became dominant, even among Leibniz's followers. Christian Wolff, long considered a mere popularizer of Leibniz's philosophy, departed from this account of immortality and replaced it with the traditional Platonic model, based on the survival of separated souls. After reconstructing Leibniz's, Wolff's, and Bilfinger's positions, this paper considers how the debate evolved within the so-called Wolffian school during the 1730s and 1740s. Both partisans and detractors of separated souls diverged from Leibniz on a crucial point: namely, they argued that another key Leibnizian doctrine, pre-established harmony, entails that the soul need not be forever united to its body. Furthermore, the cases of Johann Heinrich Winckler, Johann Gustav Reinbeck, Israel Gottlieb Canz, and even Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten show that the post-Leibnizian detractors of separated souls drew, in fact, more inspiration from the neo-Platonic and esoteric doctrine of the subtle body than from Leibniz's original immortalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kant's legacy in the history of life sciences has notoriously included a critique of the use of soul and 'vital force' (Lebenskraft). In this paper I focus on a less-known side of this legacy, i.e. Kant's late critique of vital materialism and its impact on nineteenth-century German science and philosophy. I show that Kant considered materialism as a kind of metaphysical hypothesis since the 1760s and pointed out that it was empirically impossible to distinguish it from different kinds of hypotheses (such as monadology). I focus on Kant's late essay on Samuel Sömmering (1796), arguing that the critical rejection of materialism and the notion of Lebenskraft belonged to an anti-reductive program for life sciences. I maintain that Kant's views influenced Alexander von Humboldt's turn concerning vitalism in the late 1790s and the anti-metaphysical and physicalist epistemology of Hermann von Helmholtz. I follow this Kantian legacy in the works of Friedrich Lange, Emil du Bois-Reymond and Erich Adickes. Finally, I argue that this tradition provides a vantage point to reconsider contemporary debates over materialism and panpsychism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay examines the historical role of an important yet largely forgotten work, namely, Hans Jonas's 1934 Gnosticism and the Spirit of Late Antiquity, Part 1: Mythological Gnosticism , the major project of his early philosophical career. The essay suggests that this early work should be understood not only as a preliminary stage of a debate that will reach fruition later, but as it addresses some of the fundamental problems in nineteenth-century German thought, namely the problem of dualism. More specifically, the essay suggests seeing Jonas's early work as part of the history of German thought as it depicts a transition from German Romanticism to Existentialism, making innovative use of two of the most salient terms of nineteenth-century German philosophy, the "symbol" and the "myth." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution outlines several questions concerning the very paradigm of intersubjective recognition in post-Hegelian German philosophy in response to the work of Jon Stewart and Axel Honneth. It briefly traces, in conjunction with Stewart's recent book on recognition, how discontent with this Hegelian paradigm, and its prioritization of spirit over nature, informed developments in nineteenthcentury materialism (Karl Marx) and panpsychism (Gustav Fechner, Eduard von Hartmann). While Marx analyzed the political-economic and metabolic entanglement of humans and nature, the German panpsychic philosophers elucidated the bio-psychological interconnectedness of human and natural life. Both express forms of relation, developed in confrontation with Hegel, which are still inadequately addressed in recognition theory and contemporary critical social theory. Hegelian inspired thinkers, such as Honneth, continue to overly prioritize social second nature and reciprocal human recognition while marginalizing other asymmetrical relations that are crucial to humans living within animal, environmental, and material life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the philosophy of German philosopher G.W.F. Hegel, focusing particularly on his assertions regarding the end of art and the death of God in works including "Phenomenology of Spirit," "Encyclopedia Logic," and his "Lectures on Aesthetics" contained in his "Werke." Topics include Romanticism and Romantic irony, Hegel's responses to the art criticism of Friedrich Schlegel, and dialectics.

This study argues that the early philosophy of Semyon Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950) exhibits significant intellectual correlations with nineteenth century German Idealist philosophy. The idealists in question are Immanuel Hermann Fichte (1796–1879), G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831) and F.W.J. Schelling (1775–1854). It will be suggested that the critical tension of Frank's early philosophy is precisely a tension between his Hegelian and Schellingian tendencies. The paper will first introduce Frank's theory of a "personal absolute", exploring its surprising parallels with the religious philosophy of I. H. Fichte. The analysis then addresses the self-dispersal of Hegel's absolute, before finally turning to Schelling's immediate intuition of subject-object identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article unearths little-studied accounts of the status and role of hypotheses in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany. German thinkers regarded hypotheses, including those about unobservable causes for visible effects, as legitimate and necessary ingredients of scientific inquiry. They debated the nature of probable hypotheses resulting from inductions, proposed heuristics for making causal hypotheses, and advanced criteria for assessing and testing them. My survey of these rich and multifaceted discussions shows that many themes and topics that we commonly associate with modern philosophy of science were discussed decades earlier by authors of educational and practice-oriented books on logic: consequential testing, underdetermination, auxiliary hypotheses, the problem of unobservable entities, fallibility, and elaborate methodologies of observation and experimentation. It also illuminates the long-term history of present-day criteria for hypothesis evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Kant disapproved of war, he asserted it was sublime. His views of war are disconnected and in places surprisingly positive, but he avoids grappling with their implications. This article analyses these heterogeneous discussions through Kant's notion of the sublime to argue that some of his statements imply war's sublimity can provoke an educated public into forming an international federation: the power to keep all in awe in Kant's interpretation of international foundation is not the Hobbesean sovereign or a coercive international government, but reflection on war itself. Kant's ideas about sublime warfare are internally contradictory. Although they are valuable as an encouragement to work toward peace, working toward peace in actual fact may have unintended results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a theoretical reconstruction of Heidegger's Rectorate's Discourse (The Self-Affirmation of the German University), it is speculated, by way of presentation, on the existence of a German type or being whose essence, rooted in essential Greek knowledge, is contaminated to some extent by the influence of a concept of destiny misunderstood and elevated to the category of existentia. Likewise, it is argued that Heidegger is a classic example of the primacy of practical reason as the will to power that tries to organize the world anew without regard for the present, and that runs through the philosophy of German idealism with dire consequences. For this reason, it is argued that Heidegger, in his gaze on the spiritual history in general and of the German people in particular, does not take into account the objective external perception that allows psychological self-criticism as an authentic illustrated figure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The German philosophy of history, in particular Hegel's world history, which proceeds from the East across the Mediterranean to the West and thus finds its realization in the European cultural area, has an impact on philological concepts, among other things. For example, the literary scholar Erich Auerbach established a philology of world literature whose conceptual background was the Hegelian tradition. Auerbach examines the possibility of philology extending beyond the national sphere. Auerbach, who fled from the National Socialists to a Mediterranean country in 1936, to the then newly founded, west-oriented Kemalist Turkey, addresses the loss of old European knowledge traditions that have lost priority over the increasing self-confidence of national literatures. His main work Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, which he wrote between 1942 and 1945 in his Istanbul exile, is based on the historicity of European literature. Auerbach, who taught at Istanbul University from 1936 to 1947, seems to anticipate a trend that turned to interculturally oriented comparative studies in philological and literary studies. The present study was intended to clarify whether this tendency can originally be confirmed in its core question and method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its origins in herbert spiegelberg's 1960 I Phenomenological Movement: A Historical Introduction i , the question of the rapport between Royce and Husserl has been generally framed according to a perspective that is at once conceptual and methodological. On his part, Royce owned a copy of Husserl's I Logische Untersuchungen i . 2 Kegley, "Royce and Husserl" 184-99. 3 [3][4]. I will demonstrate in what ways I think their views diverge by paying particular attention to Husserl's I transcendental epoché i ,[7] a methodological move that is absent in Royce, but that is certainly fundamental in Husserl's Phenomenology. Royce's sovereign use of logic contrasts sharply with Husserl's slow approach through painstaking phenomenological analyses.... Husserl's limited results can hardly compare with the bold metaphysical vision which underlies all of Royce's deductions" ([22]). [Extracted from the article]

Novalis was a central figure in early German Romantic philosophy. Whilst the importance of both Fichte and Spinoza for the development of Romanticism is well established, the vital influence of the Platonic tradition in allowing the Romantics to synthesise these divergent philosophies merits closer attention. Essential to the development of Novalis' thought was his exposure to Plotinus. This examination first sets out the religious and philosophical problems in Germany at the close of the eighteenth century and situates Novalis in relation to this intellectual environment. Following this, a brief survey of Plotinus-scholarship at the close of the eighteenth century in Germany frames how Novalis came into contact with Plotinus through Dieterich Tiedemann. The examination proceeds to consider how Tiedemann shaped Novalis reception of Plotinus and allowed him to develop a synthesis of Spinoza and Fichte. Finally, it briefly examines the poetic realisation of this synthesis through Novalis' late poetic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synesis is the property of Synesis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)