51,267 results on '"*ENLIGHTENMENT"'
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2. ALL IS NOT WELL.
- Author
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Kempf, Damien
- Subjects
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EARTHQUAKES , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *NATURAL disasters , *ALL Saints' Day , *CHRISTIAN fasts & feasts - Published
- 2024
3. Moscow Martinists as the Providers of the Rosicrucian Enlightenment in Russia: Enquiries into the Emergence of the Hermetic Library
- Author
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Morosow, Witalij, Albrecht-Birkner, Veronika, editor, and Siedek-Strunk, Stefanie, editor
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
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4. Clairvoyance and Commotion: The Making of a Lay Prophetess in the Era of the German Revivalist Movement
- Author
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Sawicki, Diethard, Albrecht-Birkner, Veronika, editor, and Siedek-Strunk, Stefanie, editor
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- 2025
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5. Climate Change, Content Framing and its Implication for Sustainability in Nigeria
- Author
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Ogundele, David Opeyemi, Sodeinde, Oluwaseyi Adewunmi, Okorie, Nelson, editor, Osunkunle, Oluyinka, editor, and Oyesomi, Kehinde, editor
- Published
- 2025
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6. Chapter 3 - Space—and the third great age of discovery
- Author
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Pyne, Stephen
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
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7. THE ENLIGHTENED NABOB.
- Author
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Ehrlich, Joshua
- Subjects
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RICH people , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *IMPERIALISM , *EPITHETS - Published
- 2024
8. Rethinking postcolonial sociology.
- Author
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Steinmetz, George
- Subjects
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SOCIOLOGY of knowledge , *HISTORY of social sciences , *POSTCOLONIALISM , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *LITERARY interpretation - Abstract
Gregor McLennan sees my book as inaugurating a new phase of "multiplex" postcolonial sociology. This approach moves away from sweeping generalizations about Eurocentrism, Manicheaism, complicity, and pervasive coloniality in "Western" sociology. It pays closer attention to sociology's internal heterogeneity and is less distrustful of scientific norms such as validity, objectivity, evidence, autonomy, scientific neutrality, and explanation. More specifically, my approach relies (1) on the idea of "context" from the classic sociology of knowledge and intellectual history; (2) on the concept of "field" from Bourdieu; (3) on methods of "close reading" and textual interpretation from literary criticism; and (4) on the "historians' craft" (Bloch) of using the most extensive available archive of published and unpublished sources. I argue that we can evaluate historical thinkers in their contexts, assessing the constraints and spaces of possibility they faced, and then examine their intellectual choices, the moves they make in the social scientific game. This approach aligns more closely with the ideas of the founders of postcolonial theory, who were more interested in texts that "brush up unstintingly against historical constraints" rather than those that are "inertly of their time" (Edward Said). McLennan agrees that postcolonial sociology is indebted to European Enlightenment traditions; I focus on its roots in the sociology of knowledge and sociological historicism. The article then responds to McLennan's main "probes." The first concerns the methodological problem of "labeling investigations as ʽsociologyʼ and specific people as ʽsociologistsʼ", and the limits of field theory. The second concerns my "outline of a theory of colonial sociological practice," which tries to understand the dilemmas facing sociologists in colonial situations and the historians who study them. The third probe addresses the question of the scientific exploitation of empire. The sociologists I emphasize did not approach the colonized as a pool of resources to be extracted and exploited but worked across the colonial boundary line to generate knowledge. Although the book focuses on the mid-20th century, I return in my comments to Durkheim, upon whose shoulders so much of the later work was standing. The key is that Durkheim was also a theorist of empire and colonialism and politically an anticolonialist. He described colonies as anomic spaces and rejected biological concepts and hierarchical notions of civilization. He rejected universalistic values while advocating a system of states governed by historically specific morality and law rather than violence. Finally, Durkheim reversed the "imperial gaze," directing it back at Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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9. Posthumous autonomy: Agency and consent in body donation.
- Author
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Farsides, Tom and Smith, Claire F.
- Subjects
- *
THEORY of knowledge , *MATERIALISM , *POSSIBILITY , *PERSONALITY (Theory of knowledge) , *ENLIGHTENMENT - Abstract
Six people were interviewed about the possibility of becoming posthumous body donors. Interview transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Individual-level analysis suggested a common interest in Personhood Concerns and a common commitment to Enlightenment Values. Investigations of these possible themes across participants resulted in identification of two sample-level themes, each with two subthemes: Autonomy, with subthemes of agency and consent, and Rationality, with subthemes of knowledge/epistemology and materialism/ontology. This paper concentrates on the former. Consent for posthumous body donation was felt to sometimes fall short of adequately identifying donors' preferences about what happened after consent was given, even with respect to actions for which consent established permission. In turn, paucity of information about donors' preferences limited others' ability to act as proxy agents to facilitate donors' posthumous autonomy. Thus, while consent may curtail violations of people's autonomy by authorizing actions for which permission has been established, it may fall short of facilitating their autonomy in ways that might be possible with greater knowledge of those people's desires. Alternative methods of establishing consent are explored that might better-determine people's desires and thereby improve others' ability to act as proxy agents for them to facilitate their subsequent (even posthumous) autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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10. Sex and the city: Rousseau on sexual freedom and its modern discontents.
- Author
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Katz, Gal
- Subjects
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SEXUAL consent , *SEXUAL freedom , *HUMAN sexuality , *EIGHTEENTH century , *SEXUAL partners - Abstract
Like some 'second wave' feminists, Rousseau believes that modern sexual practices are not a manifestation of a newfound autonomy—rather, they reflect its systemic deprivation. Drawing on his critique of libertine culture in eighteenth century Paris, I show how even consensual sex may lead to a chronic deficit of recognition, coupled with psychological misery. To avoid such discontents, sexual freedom must include a satisfying sexual recognition. I articulate the conditions for such recognition as cultivated in Emile's erotic education. Informed by amour-propre, Emile would seek a sexual partner who could recognize him as superior, yet, because Emile is also endowed with pity, he would understand such superiority in terms of uniqueness, independence and authentic expression, rather than as winning the transient favors of public taste. I propose that Rousseau's recognitive account of sexual desire is applicable to current-day philosophical and public debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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11. The Progress and Framework of Ecological Welfare Performance Within the Context of the "Dual Carbon" Goal: A Comprehensive Literature Review.
- Author
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Hu, Meijuan, Chen, Gong, and Li, Zaijun
- Abstract
The "dual carbon" goal has become a major national strategy, an inherent requirement for high-quality economic development. As a crucial indicator of measuring sustainable development capabilities, ecological welfare performance has emerged as a core tool for enhancing human welfare, achieving sustainable development, advancing ecological civilization construction, and promoting green development. This study focuses on the "dual carbon" goal appeal, clarifies the concept connotation of ecological welfare performance, assesses the research progress of ecological welfare performance, deeply analyzes the internal relationship between the "dual carbon" goal and ecological welfare performance, builds a research framework for ecological welfare performance, and points out the marginal contribution, research prospects, and shortcomings of ecological welfare performance research under the "dual carbon" goal. The findings are as follows: (1) Research on ecological welfare performance has shifted from a single dimension to a multi-dimensional and multi-level comprehensive consideration, involving multiple disciplines. Literature research focuses on four aspects, namely, the connotation and representation of welfare, the interaction between ecosystems and welfare, ecological welfare performance research, and "dual carbon" target and ecological welfare performance research. (2) From the perspective of research hotspots and historical evolution, most scholars pay more and more attention to empirical research and application-oriented research, and it is still necessary to constantly explore new theoretical frameworks and methodologies in the future to better understand the changing rules and driving mechanisms of ecological welfare performance. (3) From the perspective of the ecological welfare performance research framework, an in-depth analysis of the relationship between natural ecological consumption, economic growth, and welfare is carried out. Based on the change in research paradigm, a two-stage ecological welfare performance evaluation framework is constructed to promote the realization of the "dual carbon" goal and the continuous optimization of ecological welfare performance, so as to provide a reference basis for the scientific assessment of sustainable development capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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12. Universal basic income in Viennese Late Enlightenment: rediscovering Josef Popper-Lynkeus and his in-kind social program.
- Author
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Linsbichler, Alexander and Vianna Franco, Marco P.
- Subjects
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BASIC income , *SOCIAL services , *WELFARE state , *ENGINEERS , *HUMAN services - Abstract
AbstractAustrian engineer, philosopher, and political economist Josef Popper-Lynkeus (1838–1921) was a renowned public intellectual of Viennese Late Enlightenment. In this article, we unearth and explore Popper-Lynkeus’s social program. It sought to implement social conscription to unconditionally guarantee a basic level of goods and services for every human individual. We appraise the economic and ethical justifications provided by Popper-Lynkeus for his allegedly “rational” proposals and the intended consequences for the discipline of economics. Finally, and based on our disambiguation of different notions of “unconditionality”, we clarify similarities and differences between Popper-Lynkeus’s social program and contemporary proposals for a universal basic income, characterising both as alternatives to traditional welfare states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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13. Denuncia social y corrupción en la obra del afrancesado Manuel José Centeno (1821).
- Author
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Feria Lorenzo, Diego José and Ramos Cobano, Cristina
- Subjects
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CHARITIES , *ABORTION , *SOCIAL order , *INFANTICIDE , *ENLIGHTENMENT - Abstract
The Frenchified clergy in 1808 backed the Bonaparte monarchy, hoping for changes in the rigid structures of the Ancient Regime in Spain. The reformism of the French Enlightenment was the hope placed in the new Josephine dynasty, especially in the economic, social and political order of the country. The aim of this paper is to analyze Manuel José Centeno's Memoria sobre los expósitos, in which we will try to detect the allegations of corruption in the charitable institutions. This group of clergymen supported the enlightened reforms and the humanization of the care of foundlings and orphans in the institutions where they were admitted. The care and safety of unmarried mothers was another of the concerns expressed in the work, above all to prevent clandestine abortions and infanticide, which were so common at the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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14. The Translation of Physics Texts by Western Missionaries During the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties and Its Enlightenment of Modern Chinese Physics.
- Author
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Li, Yafeng and Fu, Jingmin
- Subjects
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SCIENTIFIC knowledge , *PHYSICAL sciences , *MISSIONARIES , *WESTERN society ,QING dynasty, China, 1644-1912 - Abstract
Christian culture is viewed as a translated cultural practice that has become intricately intertwined with the local culture over the course of historical development in China. Currently, many research findings focus on the translation of missionary religious texts during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. However, the translation of non-religious texts by Western missionaries from the same period also plays a pivotal role in the development of Chinese society and culture. In order to verify the above point of view, this paper focuses on the translation of physics texts by Western missionaries during the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Examining the choice of physics texts translated by missionaries reveals the missionary motivations in evangelization. On the basis of analyzing the translation motivation, this study classifies the overall translation practice of Western missionaries in translating physical texts during that period, presenting the physical scientific knowledge brought to China at the time. Additionally, it explores how the translation of Western physical science enlightened the transformation and development of Chinese physics in modern times. Furthermore, the paper argues that the translations by Western missionaries played a crucial role in introducing new ideas and knowledge, contributing to the enlightenment of modern scientific knowledge in China, so as to underscore the value of the non-religious texts translated by Western missionaries to the society and culture in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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15. How Knowledge Travels: Learned Periodicals and the Atlantic Republic of Letters.
- Author
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Pirillo, Diego
- Subjects
- *
HISTORY of science , *PUBLISHING , *TELECOMMUNICATION systems , *SCHOLARLY periodicals , *COSMOPOLITANISM , *WOMEN'S history - Abstract
The article explores how American scholars like James Logan and Isaac Norris utilized scholarly journals to stay informed about recent publications and intellectual trends in the Republic of Letters. Despite criticism for offering lazy summaries, periodicals became essential tools for scholars, providing access to a vast amount of information and facilitating engagement with the wider world of learning. By engaging with journals like the Philosophical Transactions and the Nouvelles de la République des Lettres, early American scholars were able to participate in intellectual debates, access bibliographical information, and contribute to Enlightenment controversies, such as religious toleration. These periodicals played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual landscape of early America and connecting colonial scholars to the global community of learning. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2025
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16. Coping with a Disenchanted World: The Portrayal of Enlightenment in Tolstoy's War and Peace.
- Author
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Alfonso Correa-Cabrera, José
- Subjects
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WAR , *BUREAUCRATIZATION , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *DISILLUSIONMENT , *PEACE - Abstract
While traditional interpretations of War and Peace have snubbed its philosophical elements, and only a handful of scholars have taken seriously Tolstoy's philosophical ideas, this paper claims that a sophisticated critique of the Enlightenment is the leitmotiv of his book. By means of a close reading of Tolstoy's descriptions of some of the most controversial effects associated to the Enlightenment (i.e., the disenchantment of the world, concept fetishism, the decline of the individual, bureaucratization, the erosion of traditional solidarity, and the reduction of reason to its instrumental dimension), and by comparing Tolstoy's ideas with some of the most accomplished analysis of the Enlightenment and its effects, this paper offers a novel reading of War and Peace: Tolstoy's book should not be read exclusively as a chauvinist and aristocratic depiction of the nineteenth-century Russian society. Above all, War and Peace is an insightful assessment of one of the most momentous transformations of human societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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17. "I Had Not the Honour to Be Born in England": Armstrong, Wilkes, and The Muncher's and Guzler's Diary.
- Author
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Schoenberger, Melissa
- Subjects
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ALMANACS , *PREJUDICES , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *ORIENTALISM , *SATIRE - Abstract
John Armstrong's mock almanac The Muncher's and Guzler's Diary (1748) is now little read, but indicates much about the poet‐physician's attitudes toward the intellectual, educational, and political questions of his day. Having first framed the almanac as a relatively simple satire on prognostication, Armstrong later revised it to respond to his disagreements with the politician John Wilkes, and to criticize English xenophobia and prejudice. Moreover, in The Muncher's and Guzler's Diary, Armstrong relies on aspects of what Srinivas Aravamudan has identified as "Enlightenment Orientalism" to engage with questions of foreignness, cultural belonging, and the circulation of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
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18. السلطة الأيديولوجية في روايتي نحيب الرافدين وفريدون له ثلاثة ابناء (دراسة مقارنة).
- Author
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أحمد رضا حيدريان, أحمد مهدي الزبيد, and مريم قاسم محمد حا
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE method ,RELIGIOUS groups ,IDEOLOGY ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,FICTION - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2025
19. Les traductions allemandes de La Princesse de Clèves par Friedrich Schulz (1790) et Sophie Mereau (1799).
- Author
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KEILHAUER, ANNETTE and STEINBRÜGGE, LIESELOTTE
- Subjects
ROMANTIC love ,FRENCH Revolution, 1789-1799 ,AUTODIDACTICISM ,ANTHOLOGIES ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,TRANSLATING & interpreting - Abstract
Copyright of Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. La fortune de La Princesse de Clèves en Allemagne à la fin du XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècle: les vicissitudes de la réception outre-Rhin de l'œuvre de Madame de Lafayette.
- Author
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ZAISER, RAINER
- Subjects
EIGHTEENTH century ,FICTION genres ,SEVENTEENTH century ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,PRINCESSES ,FILM adaptations ,LITERARY criticism - Abstract
Copyright of Papers on French Seventeenth Century Literature is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Translation as a revolutionary method: the case of the <italic>Traité des trois imposteurs</italic>.
- Author
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Lavaert, Sonia
- Subjects
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SOCIAL revolution , *ANONYMOUS authors , *REVOLUTIONS , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *TRANSLATORS - Abstract
To explore the strategic role of translation in radical Enlightenment thought and its interconnection with social revolutions, this contribution focuses on the figure of D'Holbach and the textual case of the
Traité des trois imposteurs . It discusses the baron's publishing, translating and writing activities, his sources, mainly Spinoza and Boulainvilliers, and his own work built largely on those same sources. It brings publishers, translators, anonymous manuscript-writers and authors of different historical periods into the same conceptual and historical-archaeological scheme to test the thesis of ‘entangled histories of revolution'. The case of theTraité des trois imposteurs in D'Holbach's edition/translation of 1768 compared with its sources, variants and effects, can be seen as an example of strategic text fabrication and such an entanglement. In each of the translations/editions of theTraité , we encounter an appropriation of the text inspired by the current context and need for renewal. This is also the case in D'Holbach’s “own” work and in each of the other “sources,” namely Lucas (1719), Boulainvilliers (1712) and Spinoza himself. The same happens when we look to the editions/translations that follow until 1796, and especially in the Italian translation (1798) presumably effected by Bocalosi, a radical translation in every sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Republicanism adapted to Denmark: radical translations of French revolutionary texts in the Danish 1790s.
- Author
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von Eggers Mariegaard, Nicolai
- Subjects
- *
REVOLUTIONS , *FRENCH Revolution, 1789-1799 , *MODERN society , *REPUBLICANISM , *TRANSLATORS - Abstract
In this article, I discuss the about one hundred Danish translations of French revolutionary texts, looking particularly at a handful of the most relevant monthly reviews. By analysing the contexts in which texts were published and by mapping the networks of Danish translators, I argue that translators were engaged in a project of adapting republicanism to Denmark. This ranged from the more radical to the more moderate attempts of developing a kind of ‘republican monarchism’ (a notion used by one interlocutor) that could lead Denmark on the road from absolutist monarchy towards some kind of a republic. In doing so, I argue that translators were not engaged in a mere passive project of ‘reception’; they should rather be understood as actively intervening politically in their local context. By analysing the Danish translations of French revolutionary texts, this article contributes to research on the spread of revolutionary culture in a region that has received scant attention. It also contributes to the intellectual history of republicanism by looking at how republicanism was adapted and transformed in different spaces and how the project of monarchical republicanism was one model for creating a republic fit for a modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The Logic of Sociability in the Scottish Enlightenment: Thomas Reid's Social Operations of Mind1.
- Author
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Ivana, Dragoş
- Subjects
SOCIABILITY - Abstract
This article sheds light on the logic of sociability in the Scottish Enlightenment, which has been regarded as a characteristic mode of thought and action, given the authoritative influence of David Hume's "Science of Man" (1739). Hume's "Science" focuses on the interaction between the moral self and other fellow beings able to display feelings of sympathy and thus to participate in the moral good and wellbeing of civil society. Hume's influential argument left a legacy to other Scottish Enlightenment philosophers, among them being Thomas Reid, one of his well-known opponents, who was the first to coin and discuss "the social operations of mind." The article seeks to provide an overall epistemological account of "social operations," with particular focus on the act of promising and testimony. Opposed to "solitary operations" (cf. Reid), "social operations" become successful if and only if their expression by words or signs elicits the addressee's reaction understood as the latter's choice to accept it or not. In the case of testimony, I will show how Reid's argument – sometimes paradoxical or contradictory – cannot get rid of judgement or reasoning when it comes to checking the veracity of what is testified, on the one hand, and of what is to be believed, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Bentham’s law reform association and the continuity of enlightenment in the nineteenth century.
- Author
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Li, Cheng
- Subjects
- *
LAW reform , *LEGAL professions , *COMMON law , *NINETEENTH century , *ENLIGHTENMENT - Abstract
The Law Reform Association came in the wake of the Catholic Relief Act of April 1829, a period of mounting opinions for further constitutional change. Through the Law Reform Association, Bentham wanted to mobilise people to support the application of his philosophy in Britain and beyond. He argued that the English legal profession had a sinister interest in manipulating other members of society, and that only codification based on utilitarianism would rectify the defects of the common law. By August 1830, 41 people had been contacted, and their attitude towards the prospect of Bentham’s Law Reform Association and his philosophy reflects the extent to which Bentham kept the hopes of the Enlightenment – for a rational basis for social organisation – alive. Although most law reformers maintained certain reservations towards Bentham’s criticism of the common law, many accepted his analytical empiricism and viewed him as an important cultural icon of the Enlightenment. They also used him to support their own versions of law reform schemes, especially in the case of Henry Brougham’s Law Amendment Society from 1844. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A ‘Temple of Liberty’? Alexander von Humboldt and the French Revolution.
- Author
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Daum, Andreas W.
- Subjects
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FRENCH Revolution, 1789-1799 , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *LIBERALISM , *CONSERVATISM , *PHILOSOPHERS - Abstract
This article sheds new light on Alexander von Humboldt’s political position in the revolutionary decade between 1789 and 1799. The young naturalist interacted with both supporters and opponents of the revolution. In July 1790, he even participated in the preparations for the Festival of the Federation in Paris together with Georg Forster. However, Humboldt remained detached from Europe’s polarized politics. He avoided taking a firm stance and distanced himself from revolutionary violence. Continuous emotional and physical crises, in addition to his immersion into scientific studies, fuelled this retreat. While steeped in Enlightenment ideas and committed to a cosmopolitan understanding of liberty, Humboldt absorbed the critique of the French Revolution and the skeptical take on rationalism that the philosophers Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi and Wilhelm von Humboldt, Alexander’s brother, articulated.By recognizing these influences and reexamining autobiographical sources, we can identify the various intellectual and political contexts in which Alexander von Humboldt operated during the 1790s. This polycentric approach leads to a nuanced understanding of Humboldt’s political thinking in revolutionary Europe. It explains his caution in political matters and revises the conventional image of Humboldt as a fervent supporter of the French Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. ‘Giving up philosophy?’ On Part I of Dmitri Levitin’s <italic>The Kingdom of Darkness</italic>.
- Author
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Lüthy, Christoph
- Subjects
- *
EIGHTEENTH century , *SEVENTEENTH century , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *METAPHYSICS , *SCHOLARLY method - Abstract
Dmitri Levitin's 966-page The Kingdom of Darkness is divided into three parts. In part I, the major theses of the book are presented, whereas parts II and III deal with two key figures, Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton. The present article is a review of part I of Levitin's tome. In keeping with its title, “Giving up Philosophy. The Transformation of a System of Knowledge,” Levitin there argues that by the end of the seventeenth century, the European mind had emancipated itself from the 'enterprise of philosophy,' which had fallen into disrepute. After praising Levitin's scholarship, this article argues that he is certainly correct with respect to what was at the time decried as 'the sterile teaching of the Schools,' and partly also with regard to the growing distrust of metaphysics, Still, philosophy as such neither was nor could be abolished, one principal reason being that there was not yet such a thing as 'science' to take over from it, nor had the figure of the 'intellectual' been born. In fact, the eighteenth century, the siècle des lumières, presented itself very much as a philosophical age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Jewish Women's Experiences and Emotions During the Enlightenment Period.
- Author
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Meladze, Eka
- Subjects
- *
JEWISH women , *EMOTIONS , *ACCULTURATION , *RELIGIOUS identity , *RELIGIOUS psychology - Abstract
The Enlightenment period marked transformative era in Jewish history, characterized by profound social, cultural, and intellectual shifts. Within this context, Jewish women navigated complex emotional landscapes shaped by changing gender norms, religious ideologies, and socio-political dynamics. Drawing on a diverse range of primary sources and interdisciplinary methodologies, this study explores the multifaceted experiences and emotions of Jewish women during the Enlightenment period. By examining themes, such as migration, acculturation, and identity formation the study sheds light on the ways in which Jewish women negotiated their agency, resilience and sense of belonging within rapidly evolving societies. Through a nuanced analyzes of historical narratives, personal testimonies, and cultural artefacts, this study illuminates the intersections of gender, religion, and emotion in shaping Jewish women's lives in this pivotal moment in history. By centering the voices and experiences of Jewish women, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of Jewish history and the enduring legacies of women's emotional world in the Enlightenment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
28. Moderne Gelenekten Bakmak: Barbar, Modern, Medenî: Medeniyet Üzerine Notlar.
- Author
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Yıldırım, Aslı
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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29. 20 Jahre universitäre Humangenetik in Regensburg.
- Author
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Weber, Bernhard H. F.
- Subjects
- *
PRAXIS (Process) , *BRCA genes , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *RETINA , *EXPERTISE - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Adorno on the relapse of enlightenment into Auschwitz: The exclusion and resumption of the non-identical.
- Author
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Casmir, Céline Charlotte
- Subjects
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MYTHOLOGY , *PHILOSOPHY , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *MYTH , *DIALECTIC - Abstract
This paper answers Adorno's question, once asked in a lecture, about whether we, by forbidding the thought of the non-identical, fall in radically completed enlightenment back into the darkest form of mythology. In arguing for this in the question implied observation of enlightenment's fallback, the paper analyses Adorno's and Horkheimer's critique of enlightenment and its relapse due to excluding the non-identical, suggesting that emotions and memory represent this non-identical. As the darkest form of mythology Adorno is referring to is not to be understood as a myth itself but actually happened with the Holocaust, the paper then demonstrates how enlightenment, chiefly its exclusion of the non-identical, led to central conditions of the Holocaust that Adorno named 'Auschwitz'. As enlightenment, according to Adorno, remains in its relapse, the paper finally discusses how his philosophy after Auschwitz advocates for the reintegration of the non-identical, mainly through the recollection of the past and the remembrance of nature within the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Practice, research and the visual arts.
- Author
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MacNamidhe, Margaret
- Subjects
- *
TACIT knowledge , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *MODERNISM (Art) , *ART historians , *DESIGN education - Abstract
This article provides an historicisation of the concept of practice and acts as an introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Visual Art Practice, 'Histories and Theories of Practice'. Using the method of historical epistemology, it questions the claim to contemporaneity underlying the understanding of practice. This claim impels studio programmes to embrace an 'insistent presentness', as it has been called by the art historian Howard Singerman. The article's argument is that three moves validate this temporality: the falling away of medium-specificity, the elevation of the visual, and the commitment to research. This presentness derives its authority from a proposed break with the past, which is imagined as being composed of modernist antecedents in art and design education and academic traditions. The article shows how techniques of subject-formation—especially through compulsory childhood education—developed over the course of empiricism's long rise before and after the European Enlightenment. Terms popular in definitions of practice (including creativity, non-propositional knowledge and tacit knowledge) are thus historicised. The article ends by describing how each of the issue's essays reconfigure the temporality within which practice is currently sited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Aufklärung, Öffentlichkeit und Pädagogik.
- Author
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Ladenthin, Volker, Obermaier, Michael, and Ode, Erik
- Subjects
- *
CHILDREN'S rights , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *SCIENCE education , *PUBLIC education , *BASIC needs - Abstract
The connection between education and the public is central in Kant's Enlightenment. Educational institutions such as schools and universities play an important role in the process of enlightenment, as do scientific publications. The public, defined as the world of readers, is a place of active engagement and examination of arguments. The connection between reason and the public is crucial for the formation of an enlightened society. The fragile nature of this connection is evident through the suppression of unwelcome positions and the marginalization of groups. The demand for freedom and public access goes hand in hand with enlightenment and the public use of reason. The role of the university as a place of science and education is being questioned, especially in terms of discrimination and the implementation of children's rights. The need for a critical examination of power structures and discrimination is emphasized in order to create a fairer and more democratic society. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. »Hidden in the Rules of Beauty« -- Multiplicity in Berlin Montagsklub Duets and its Meaning to the Performer.
- Author
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Plosila, Vera
- Subjects
- *
AESTHETICS , *DUETS , *MUSICAL style , *MUSICAL performance , *AUTOETHNOGRAPHY - Abstract
The Berlin Montagsklub, a mid-18th-century gathering of intellectuals from the arts and sciences, aimed to strengthen friendships and soften societal boundaries. Although records of the group's meetings are scarce, members' writings suggest that topics discussed included unity in multiplicity, a key Enlightenment ideal reflecting social and political coexistence, and integral to the aesthetics of the beautiful and sublime. In collaboration with violinist Laura Hárs, I explored Berlin galant duets, applying Montagsklub ideals to performance, using collective autoethnography and the theory of experimental systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Rousseau ve Özgürlük.
- Author
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Yaşar, Hatice and Yılmaz, Ahmet
- Subjects
- *
ENLIGHTENMENT , *HUMAN behavior , *NUTRITION , *LIBERTY , *EQUALITY , *SOCIAL contract - Abstract
In this study, the idea and understanding of freedom of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the most important names of the French Enlightenment period, is discussed in terms of its source and framework. Rousseau, a thinker of the Age of Enlightenment but also known as an opponent of progress, approaches the laws of nature and human nature from a different perspective than his contemporaries. Inspired by the Ancient Age, he argues that humans should also be free, based on the fact that everything in nature is free. He summarizes this freedom not as doing what you want, but rather as "not doing what you don't want". It argues that a human being should be a part of a free, honorable, and loving process in accordance with nature, with everything from birth, including nutrition, clothing, and all stages of education. He argues that every individual, like every being in nature, is special and that it would be right for them to live freely according to the laws of nature. In the face of some social or cultural obstacles such as laws, beliefs, institutions, rules and traditions that tightly surround him and make him a prisoner everywhere, man can only be truly free and equal with others by transitioning to the natural state, and that as he moves away from the natural state, he loses his freedom and this is one of the sources of his unhappiness. suggests. In the state of nature, which Rousseau considers as an environment of equality and peace between people, every person is good and free because nature is the most impartial guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
35. Adorno ve Teoloji.
- Author
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Yıldırım, Tamer
- Subjects
- *
MODERN society , *THEOLOGY , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *METAPHYSICS , *AESTHETICS - Abstract
The Frankfurt School is a movement of thought that is partly both philosophical and sociological. The most well-known members of the movement are Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcus. Others, like Adorno, have ideas that range over a wide range of areas, including Enlightenment critique, aesthetics, cultural theory, and an evaluation of contemporary society in general. Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud are the two most important figures in shaping the thoughts of the Frankfurt School thinkers. This work, Adorno and Theology, examines issues related to theology, metaphysics and religion in general, based on Adorno's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
36. Religion and Neuroscience in Uncle Tom's Cabin.
- Author
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Moore, Geneva Cobb
- Subjects
- *
AMYGDALOID body , *ABOLITIONISTS , *NEUROSCIENCES , *RELIGION , *SLAVERY , *UNCLE Tom (Fictional character) - Abstract
"Religion and Neuroscience" invites a new reading of Stowe's masterpiece from the perspective of these two combined subjects, depicting Eliza's bodily stamina and Uncle Tom's spiritual mindfulness over slavery's evils. In neuroscience, the amygdala plays a key role in their confrontation with slavery: the flight/fight/freeze triad of stress hormones running throughout the body under duress is what causes Eliza to flee and Uncle Tom to freeze. Stowe chooses this pattern of flight for Eliza and freezing for Uncle Tom; their actions affirm her positive ideas about motherhood and Christian salvation. Images of neuroscience are well ahead of Stowe's time with her description of the limbic system, housing the almond-shaped amygdala, but not identified by a neuroscientist until 1952. In multiple ways, Stowe's novel advanced ideas that caught up with her a century later, although resonating emotionally with her nineteenth-century audience that made Uncle Tom's Cabin a masterpiece against human bondage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Making sense of the exotic: the differing impact of travel reports in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century thought.
- Author
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Gaukroger, Stephen
- Subjects
- *
SIXTEENTH century , *SEVENTEENTH century , *INFORMATION resources , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *CHRISTIANITY - Abstract
In his 1681 Discours sur l'histoire universelle, Bossuet declared that Christianity provided the organizing thread of history, and anything that was not guided by it was irrelevant. Nine years later, in Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding, travel reports provided the primary source of information, above all in their demonstration of the extent of moral diversity. During the Enlightenment, reports of thoroughly "alien" worlds, notably the New World and China, began to be treated as offering wholly unprecedented perspectives on the world and our place in it. The paper surveys how interpretation of the reports changed radically between their original appearance in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and when subjected to new templates of understanding in the Enlightenment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Los males de una “inacción abominable”. Hipólito Vieytes y la pobreza en la construcción de un futuro para el Río de la Plata en la primera década del siglo XIX.
- Author
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Milano, Adriana N.
- Abstract
Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
39. Rousseau and Freedom.
- Author
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Yaşar, Hatice and Yılmaz, Ahmet
- Subjects
ENLIGHTENMENT ,HUMAN behavior ,LIBERTY ,NUTRITION ,EQUALITY ,SOCIAL contract - Abstract
Copyright of Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of University of Cumhuriyet, Faculty of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
40. 'Cahil Hoca'yı Yeniden Okumak: Jacques Rancière'in Fikirleriyle Dil ve Müzik Edinimi.
- Author
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DİNÇ, Ayşegül and KARAHAN İLTER, Ogün
- Subjects
TEACHER-student relationships ,DISTANCE education students ,TEACHERS ,PHILOSOPHERS ,ENLIGHTENMENT - Abstract
Copyright of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science / Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Šola kot »tehnološki višek«: sodobne transformacije izobraževanja in vednosti v razmerju do tehnologije.
- Author
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Autor, Sabina
- Subjects
ECONOMICS education ,INFORMATION economy ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,RATIONALISM ,EDUCATIONAL change - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies / Sodobna Pedagogika is the property of Association of Slovenian Educationalists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
42. A veszélyhelyzeti jogalkotás sajátosságai és tapasztalatai Összefüggések a veszélyhelyzeti jogalkotás és a kormányzati koordinációs tevékenység között.
- Author
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László, Horváth Imre
- Subjects
WAR & emergency legislation ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,GOVERNMENT accounting ,LEGAL literature ,MIDDLE Ages - Abstract
Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Этапы становления института присяжных заседателей и его влияние на систему правосудия в Российской империи от времен Екатерины II к реформам Александра II
- Author
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Денисов, Иван Сергеевич and Батырбаев, Бактыбек Сулайманович
- Subjects
JUDICIAL reform ,CRIMINAL justice system ,CRIMINAL procedure ,JUSTICE administration ,WESTERN countries - Abstract
Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Sounds of Madame Geoffrin's Salon.
- Author
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Conroy, Melanie
- Subjects
ORAL interpretation ,FRENCH literature ,ACOUSTICS ,PERFORMANCE theory ,ENLIGHTENMENT - Abstract
Salons were core institutions of the eighteenth-century European social calendar, especially in Paris. Literary performances and philosophical conversation were the core activities of many of these gatherings. What did conversation and literary readings actually sound like at these events? To what extent were voices audible to everyone in the room, or too muffled or far away to be heard? What was the impact of the ambiance or of ephemeral sound on the reading or reception of the hearing? Using textual descriptions, paintings, and architectural information, I reconstruct two legendary readings of eighteenthcentury texts, Voltaire's L'Orphélin de la Chine and Marmontel's Contes Moraux at one of the better documented Enlightenment-era salons (Madame Geoffrin's) to re-create the impact of sound and acoustics on a literary reading. These fictional recreations, while inherently speculative, hold promise in enriching the realms of sound and performance studies, offering valuable glimpses into the spatial dynamics and acoustic qualities inherent to informal and smaller performance venues for literary readings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Simulating an Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment Salon: Embodied Experience and Scholarly Investigation.
- Author
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Jones, Jennifer M.
- Subjects
FEMINISM ,ACADEMIC conferences ,HISTORIANS ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,SCHOLARS - Abstract
This paper reflects on my experience simulating an 18th-century French salon for an academic conference and in an undergraduate classroom. I argue that simulating a salon is heuristically as well as pedagogically useful and allows historians to test hypotheses about the nature of the salon and the role of the salonnière proposed by scholars such as Dena Goodman and Antoine Lilti. The essay also engages with some of the important insights gained from feminist and performance theory regarding historical reenactment. Thus I caution against naive attempts to reenact the past and instead suggest practices that foster open-ended conversations about the nature of the Enlightenment and our relationship to the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Enfilade and Variations: Interpreting Salon Music through Residential Architecture in Eighteenth-Century Paris.
- Author
-
Vilkner, Nicole
- Subjects
SCHOLARLY method ,ARCHITECTS ,SYNTAX (Grammar) ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,INDIVIDUALISM - Abstract
In eighteenth-century Parisian salons, theme and variations on popular melodies proliferated. Elaine Sisman's seminal study of variation form provides a foundational approach for understanding variations as rhetorical exercises that persuade through differences in syntax and expression. In this vein, scholars have comprehensively affirmed the ways that salon music reflects the dialogic and sociable practices of Enlightenment receptions (Hanning, Sutcliffe, and Zohn). I suggest that theme and variation form is not only connected to the rhetoric of the salon, but that the concept of sequential elaboration is a principle that was also prized in residential architecture. Drawing from theoretical writings of eighteenth-century architects who designed Parisian hôtels, or urban mansions, I argue that musical variations and salon architecture were designed with the same aesthetic principles. This comparison is warranted since residential architects like Jacques-François Blondel and Nicolas Le Camus de Mézières were designing salons holistically, considering how the floorplan, decorations, scents, and sounds would complement each other. Most Parisian salons of this time featured an enfilade, a sequence of rooms with doors aligned along an axis. Visiting guests were presented with a series of spaces that were carefully curated by the homeowners and treated much like a multi-movement composition. The enfilade successively frames and reframes the character of the household, just like theme and variation form presents a sequential, adaptive examination of a single subject. In a close analysis of Jean-Baptiste Krumpholz's collection of harp variations Récueil contenant differens petits airs variés, Op. 10 (ca. 1787), I illustrate how enfilades and variations share design features. Both establish a sense of lineage, create the illusion of length, maintain consistent proportions, and reflect the individualism of the salon host. Offering a new framework for interpreting salon repertory, this study contributes to the growing body of scholarship that examines the multi-sensory nature of the salon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Sensitive Witnesses: Feminist Materialism in the British Enlightenment.
- Author
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West, Peter
- Subjects
MATERIALISM ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,WITNESSES ,FEMINISTS - Abstract
A review of Sensitive Witnesses by Kristin M. Girten by Peter West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. „Friedensforschung vom Frieden her denken" - nur eine ideologische Intervention aus der wissenschaftlichen Randzone?
- Author
-
Jaberg, Sabine
- Subjects
PEACE ,ENLIGHTENMENT ,LOGIC ,INTENTION ,HEURISTIC - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen (ZIB) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Is Critias a Sophist?
- Author
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MacPhail, Eric
- Subjects
SISYPHUS, King of Corinth (Mythological character) ,ATHEISM ,SCHOLARSHIPS ,SOCIAL movements - Abstract
The coherence and indeed the reality of the sophists as a philosophical school or movement has been contested and debated in modern scholarship, with inconclusive results. While their collective identity, not to mention their exemplarity, is subject to probing scrutiny, we usually have a fairly good idea of which historical figures we mean when we speak of the sophists. However, the case of Critias, the most infamous of the Thirty Tyrants of Athens, is particularly challenging since he does not seem to fit the professional profile of the other figures who are generally recognized as sophists and with whom his fragments have been edited and collected. This essay will briefly reconsider Critias' candidacy as one of the ancient Greek sophists, not on the basis of what might be conjecturally reconstituted as his own philosophy, but rather on the basis of his association with the notion of the Greek or Sophistic Enlightenment. This notion and the periodization that it implies will be the focus of attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The characteristics and enlightenment of nutrition labeling on the front of packaging in Canada.
- Author
-
HUANG Zeying and LI Haijun
- Subjects
CHILD nutrition ,WARNING labels ,DISCLOSURE ,FOOD labeling ,ENLIGHTENMENT - Abstract
Policy documents and reports on the Canadian front-of-package nutrition symbol were collected and sorted out from the official website of the Canadian government, literature and other channels, and the historical background, introduction process, logo features, evaluation criteria, and similarities and differences with the related front-of-package labeling were summarized. The practical experience of Canadian front-of-package nutrition symbol in strengthening the information disclosure of the nutrition facts, extensively soliciting social opinions and carrying out cost and benefit assessment before its introduction, and formulating labeling norms for food for young children had important inspiration and reference significance for the implementation of front-of-package labeling in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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