Search

The observation that gender differences in Japanese language use are becoming less prevalent as women increasingly use 'men's language' appears in popular media from time to time. Some empirical studies support this view. However, such observations are usually based on the consideration of only one or two linguistic features, especially sentence‐final forms and personal pronouns. In contrast, this study analyzes the use of multiple linguistic and paralinguistic features related to gender, regarding them as resources for styling identity. According to our analysis of eight same‐gender and mixed‐gender dyadic conversations of college students, these speakers' use of features other than sentence‐final forms, which we found to vary little by gender, is normatively gendered to a large extent. The study thus demonstrates that the analysis of multiple and multilevel variables enables us to better understand the complex process of styling through the speaker's negotiation of linguistic gender norms in actual practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the ational research agencies are responsible for promoting excellent research that benefits all of society integrating sex, gender, and diversity analysis (SG&DA) into the design of research, where relevant, can improve research methodology, enhance excellence in science, and make research more responsive to social needs.

Women reporters are underrepresented in newsrooms and assigned to gender-stereotypic roles, but to what effect? To better understand the role of gender in news making, this article utilizes three survey experiments to investigate the effects of journalists' gender on reader perceptions toward reporter credibility, outlet credibility, and the relevance of news to them. We find little evidence that readers doubt the credibility of a reporter or a news outlet based on the gender of a reporter, the gender of the source, or the gendered nature of the issue. Our findings have implications for media credibility and newsroom diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, numerous studies have examined the question of whether women and men tend to use different communicative styles, strategies, and practices. In this study, we employed a high-resolution algorithmic approach to examine the role of gender in structuring conflict news discourse, focusing on a comparison between the texts produced by foreign and domestic women and men journalists in their coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Extracting recurrent semantic patterns from over 80,000 texts, we show that women and men journalists tend to interpret journalistic professionalism in slightly different ways: While women emphasize precision and professional distance, men focus more on certitude and providing orientation. Moreover, women journalists tend to give more centrality to various groups of people in their coverage. We discuss these findings in the context of scholarship on gender and language use, journalism, and conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the structural relationship between communication beliefs and marital commitment of couples mediated by their communication patterns. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study comprised all married students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad in the academic year 2019-2020 who had more than three years of marital life. Through multi-stage cluster randomized sampling method, three-hundred students were selected and fulfilled Adams and Jones Marital Commitment Questionnaire (1997), Eidelson and Epstein Relationship Beliefs Inventory (1981), and Communication Patterns Questionnaire (1984). Data were analyzed using structural equations, SPSS-25, and AMOS-24 software. Results: The proposed conceptual model has a good fit. The direct effect of communication beliefs on communication patterns is significant and positive (P≤ 0.01, γ= 0.66) and on marital commitment is significant and negative (P≤ 0.05, γ= -0.47). The direct effect of communication patterns on marital commitment is also significant and negative (P≤ 0.05, ß= -0.67). Assessing standardized coefficients of indirect effects indicated that the indirect effect of communication beliefs on marital commitment (-0.45) is significant (P< 0.01, IF= -0.45). The explained variance of marital commitment in terms of communication beliefs and communication patterns was equal to 0.56. Conclusion: According to the findings, communication patterns are used as a mediating variable in the relationship between communication beliefs and marital commitment, and two variables of communication patterns and communication beliefs are able to predict marital commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary society, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are widely cherished for helping transnational households preserve a coherent sense of familyhood despite geographical separation. Despite ICTs having positive benefits for the maintenance of long-distance intimacies, digital asymmetries characterized by gaps in routines, emotional experiences, and outcomes of ICT use can also emerge between family members of different structural, social, and geographical conditions. Drawing on an innovative "content–context diary"-cum-participant observation, this article investigates the multi-dimensional digital asymmetries emerging from the transnational communication of Chinese "study mothers" in Singapore. Using the data visualization and analysis tool "ecomap," the findings uncover that study mothers were largely beleaguered by expectation asymmetry and autonomy asymmetry, arising from different expectations to and control over daily transnational communication with their family members. The study mothers were disadvantaged by their relatively isolated life situations in the host society and accentuated gender hierarchies in the household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on construal level theory, which suggests that experiencing a communicative audience as proximal rather than distal leads speakers to frame messages more concretely, we examine gender differences in linguistic abstraction. In a meta-analysis of prior studies examining the effects of distance on communication, we find that women communicate more concretely than men when an audience is described as being psychologically close. These gender differences in linguistic abstraction are eliminated when speakers consider an audience whose distance has been made salient (Study 1). In studies that follow, we examine gender differences in linguistic abstraction in contexts where the nature of the audience is not specified. Across a written experimental context (Study 2), a large corpus of online blog posts (Study 3), and the real-world speech of congressmen and congresswomen (Study 4), we find that men speak more abstractly than women. These gender differences in speech abstraction continue to emerge when subjective feelings of power are experimentally manipulated (Study 5). We believe that gender differences in linguistic abstraction are the result of several interrelated processes—including but not limited to social network size and homogeneity, communication motives involving seeking proximity or distance, perceptions of audience homogeneity and distance, as well as experience of power. In Study 6, we find preliminary support for mediation of gender differences in linguistic abstraction by women's tendency to interact in small social networks. We discuss implication of these gender differences in communicative abstraction for existing theory and provide suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do the media cover men and women politicians and candidates differently? This article performs a systematic analysis of 90 studies covering over 25,000 politicians in over 750,000 media stories, and presents the accumulated knowledge in a comprehensive theoretical framework. The paper shows that there is a gender bias in the amount of coverage of politicians in proportional electoral systems, where women politicians lag behind men in media attention, but that, surprisingly, this gender bias is absent in majoritarian electoral systems. In addition, we systematically review gender differences in the content of media reports on political candidates, such as differences in attention to private life and family, viability and horse-race coverage, issue coverage, and gender stereotypes. Overall, women politicians receive more attention to their appearance and personal life, more negative viability coverage, and, to some extent, stereotypical issue and trait coverage. We conclude by pointing out promising avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges faced by women in working in sports media, with particular focus given to the concept of the "the friendliness trap" elaborated by the feminist scholar Romy Fröhlich. The mistaken belief that women have an advantage in communication fields and the problems it creates for female employees are examined, and the structural barriers to career advancement for women in sports information fields are explored. The large numbers of women in the public relations field is also touched on.

The fact that people use language in quite different ways and to mean different things has been discussed over the past 500 years or more, across several disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, sociology and linguistics. More recently it has been suggested that there are clear differences in the way men and women use language: the same words can have quite distinct meanings according to the gender of the speaker and the listener. If so, this could have serious implications for market research: we know what people say, but what exactly do they mean? Our exploratory study used ethnographic techniques to examine the different ways in which men and women conversed, and the conversational strategies they employed. We suggest that there are clear differences, although we find that age and social class may also have a bearing on how we use language socially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on allyship to LGBTQ+ students. He believes that allyship in his classroom includes asking questions that lead to deeper inquiries of experiences across genders or sexualities, breaking down preconceived notions about belonging to a particular group, and choosing literature that includes LGBTQ+ characters with intersectional identities and storylines. He believes in speaking and standing up as allies for students.

This activity implores students and pedagogues to engage intrapersonal gender subjectivity through the analytic practice of transing gender communication. Specifically, Yep, Russo, and Allen (Pushing boundaries: Toward the development of a model for transing communication in (inter)cultural contexts. In L. G. Spencer & J. C. Capuzza (Eds.), Transgender communication studies: Histories, trends, and trajectories. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015, pp. 69–89) suggest gender is best understood as: (1) intersectional, (2) a performative and administrative accomplishment, (3) multiple, and (4) self-determined. Students are asked to analyze their gender sense of self through each of the pillars in a hands-on creative activity. The end result is a means of narrating one's own gender in relational tension with other gender subjectivities. Courses: Interpersonal Communication, Intercultural Communication, Gender and Communication, Performance Studies Objectives: Designed to accompany a sustained conversation on questions of gender and communication, this unit- or semester-long activity imparts a critical approach to gender understanding through one's own subjective gender experience by engaging the analytic work of "transing" (Stryker, Currah, & Moore, Introduction: Trans-, trans, or transgender? WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly, 2008;36(3–4):13). Further, the activity equips students with a working understanding of trans-affirming discourse including the critical capacity to de-center normative gender through lived experience. Finally, students are provided a space in which to explore and voice, through creative means, their own gender "galaxy" (Yep, Russo, & Allen, Pushing boundaries: Toward the development of a model for transing communication in (inter)cultural contexts. In L. G. Spencer & J. C. Capuzza (Eds.), Transgender communication studies: Histories, trends, and trajectories. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015, p. 70). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender categories and gender fluidity can be explicitly performed and demonstrated in sexually explicit media such as pornography. In this class lesson, a rhetoric/performance studies class on pornography focuses on trans* performers in scenes. A critical communication pedagogical approach is used to encourage dialogue and intersectional analyses of trans* identities and erotics in the scenes. Courses: Media Studies, Porn Studies, Popular Culture, Critical/Cultural Communication, Gender in Communication, LGBTQ Studies in Communication, Sex Communication Objectives: Students will (1) gain knowledge about gender identity, sexuality, and sex work; (2) increase their skills in critical thinking on the fluidity of gender and sexuality; and (3) demonstrate the capacity to be more attentive to trans issues in conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Courses: Storytelling, persuasion, gender and communication, argumentation and debate. Objectives: In this essay, I map a unit-specific activity for an undergraduate class in argumentation and debate. I argue for the integration of a trans-affirming pedagogy as a key rhetorical frame in communication studies courses. Such pedagogical commitments push instructors to integrate a critical communication methodology while challenging structures that continue mitigating trans experiences, embedding critical interrogation of systemic injustice. Borrowing from LeMaster (Discontents of being and becoming fabulous on: Queer criticism in neoliberal times. Women's Studies in Communication 2015;32:167–186. DOI: ), I use trans heuristically, whereby "trans and transgender are not necessarily intended exclusively as identities ... In this way, trans and transgender have two functions: as heuristics and as identities" (p. 169). Thus, as a pedagogical approach, a trans sensibility extends instruction methods to consider, criticize, and analyze binaries of thought, mundane performances of identity, and unlikely communicative phenomena that "get at gender in unsuspecting ways" (LeMaster, B., & Mapes, M. Transing priestly performances: Re-reading gender potentiality in Erdrich's the last report on the miracles at little no horse. In S. Howard (Ed.), Critical articulations of race, gender, and sexual orientation. Lanham, MD: Lexington, 2014, pp. 161–177). Using an activity from the unit "Argumentation with and as Narrative," I draw on Enke (Enke responds to Nakamura. In V. Muñoz & E. K. Garrison (Eds), Transpedagogies: A roundtable discussion. Women's Studies Quarterly 2008;36:288–308. DOI: ) to ask, "How do we engage with the privileged spaces we occupy as trans and nontrans educators as a way to build alliances that are liberatory rather than oppressive to one another?" (p. 303). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research introduces and tests a measure that captures gendered communication style, a multi-dimensional construct with masculine and feminine facets. In Study 1, we follow a well-regarded content adequacy procedure to develop and test items to represent each of these facets and further validate the new measurement instrument across two samples of working adults. Study 2 replicates the instrument's factor structure and tests the relationships between perceived masculine and feminine communication styles and multiple indicators of career success. Results generally support our hypotheses that masculine communication style is related to hierarchical advancement (e.g., number of promotions, advancement to higher managerial levels), whereas feminine communication style is related to non-hierarchical rewards (e.g., higher compensation, increased span of control). Unexpectedly, feminine communication style also positively predicts two indicators of hierarchical career success. Furthermore, an interaction effect suggests that gendered communication style has more of an impact on women's compensation than on men's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the online communicative dynamics between women and men during the Saudi women's rights campaign to end male guardianship, which unfolded on Twitter. We analysed 2.7 million tweets with the #EndMaleGuardianship hashtag over a 7-month period quantitatively and 150,245 of these qualitatively to examine the extent to which Twitter shapes and facilitates cross-gender communication, and how this helped engender new spaces for expression of dissent. Our study shows that Twitter provided shared online communicative spaces that had several characteristics commonly associated with public sphere(s). There is also evidence that using these alternatives spaces, women transcended to an extent the gender segregation that exists in traditional public discourses and spaces of Saudi society. The anonymity of Twitter offered women a safe place to deliberate their concerns about male guardianship. We suggest that these deliberations created a counterpublic sphere of sorts, which helped Saudi women legitimise the #EndMaleGuardianship campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of employee spokespersons in the advertising of services has received growing attention in the academic literature because the presence of an employee in the advertisement may help visualize the service offering for the customer by providing a physical representation of the service provider. Moreover, a decrease in occupational segregation indicates a potential need for repositioning traditionally sex-typed services. The author examines the use of male versus female employees and the use of service managers versus workers for sex-typed services. Two separate samples were used: students and working adults. For the student sample, results suggest that for female-dominant services, congruency between the source and the service results in higher cognitive attitudes toward the ad. However, for a male-dominant service, a congruent approach and a progressive role portrayal produce equivalent attitudes. For the sample of working adults, results indicate that a congruent and a progressive approach produce equivalent attitudes. Overall, they suggest that (1) among working adults, whether or not a service is male or female dominant has little influence on whether a man or a woman should be pictured in an ad for that service and (2) student samples are not the best surrogates to use in experimental research if students are not typical consumers of the product(s) being tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little empirical work has investigated the influence of acquaintanceship among the members of a focus group on the output of that group. None has examined the influence of analyst identity on group output, occurring in the scoring of a transcript of the group's conversations. This research investigates these two effects and their interaction on idea quantity and idea quality. Findings show small interaction and acquaintanceship effects but moderate to large analyst identity effects. Findings have important implications for basic and applied research using focus groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although establishing gender equality in board and managerial positions has recently become more important for organizations, companies with low levels of gender diversity seem to perceive an ethical dilemma regarding the ways, in which they attempt to attain it. One way that organizations try to move toward gender equality is through the use of their corporate websites to manage potential applicants’ impressions of their current levels of, and actions to improve, gender diversity. The dilemma is whether to truthfully communicate their low level of gender diversity, conceal it, or exaggerate it. On the one hand, organizations that are truthful may find it difficult to achieve equality because women are less attracted to companies that lack diversity. On the other hand, organizations that are untruthful risk their moral legitimacy. The present work investigates gender diversity-related communication on the corporate websites of 99 major German companies. Based on theoretical work on minority attraction, we apply an organizational impression management taxonomy to guide our in-depth content analysis. With this approach, we hope to advance the understanding of how the issue of gender diversity is presented on corporate websites, which is useful for both organizational decision makers as well as diversity researchers. We found that although gender diversity-related communications on corporate websites contain both assertive and defensive organizational impression management tactics, as well as a third type of tactic we refer to as “acknowledgement,” assertive tactics were used more frequently. We argue the existence of a paradox whereby organizations use assertive impression management tactics to maintain pragmatic legitimacy but compromise their moral legitimacy by doing so. Furthermore, we argue that moral legitimacy can be maintained or restored through the sincere use of defensive impression management tactics and acknowledgement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectification of the female body is generating much research. Nevertheless, this has revealed little about whether women’s evaluations depend on the level of psychological intimacy with the perpetrator of that objectification. Intimacy theory predicts that objectifying comments would seem more acceptable coming from a close partner, especially for sexist women. The present study begins to fill these gaps by analyzing responses from 301 heterosexual/bisexual adult women in the United States (Mage = 37.02, range = 18-72) to appearance and sexual body comments made by four different male perpetrators: strangers, colleagues, friends, or partners. Measures assessed women’s perceptions of objectification, as well as reported enjoyment of these comments. As long as they were not negative, comments from heterosexual partners were perceived as the least objectifying and enjoyed the most; comments from colleagues, strangers, and friends were linked with greater objectification and less enjoyment. Additionally, sexist attitudes toward men and women—but more clearly toward men—linked with objectification and enjoyment. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a multilayered analysis of one critical variable that recently has come to the fore in scholarly debates in applied linguistics. It takes the vantage point of 281 Asian millennials and examines how and why some challenge the socio‐cultural notions of gender outside their immediate languacultures. Using a mixed‐method approach, the study adduces quantitative and qualitative data. Our statistical findings show the centrality of family and L1 socialization in developing equitable understanding of gender; it shows cultural variability in L1 socialization and traces its impact on English classroom interactions. Case studies show that female students considerably invest in English learning to pursue gender and social equality. The study draws implications for language socialization theory and classroom pedagogy in higher education contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At their essence, feminist epistemologies argue that traditional male epistemologies have systematically removed the voice of women from knowledge production, effectively barring women from being "knowers". How does the gendering of knowledge affect those with a particular perspective of viewing the world? This article explores the merits and limitations of a gendered epistemology by employing standpoint theory as a tool of analysis. Through the lens and context of the intersection of religion, gender, and Western academia, I trace the politics of knowledge production as it relates to Muslim women working within an Islamic paradigm. This article first explores gender as a category of analysis that came out of feminist epistemologies. It discusses the merits of allowing gender to be the primary and focal point of our knowledge, and consequently, how it has been employed within a particular Islamic paradigm. By drawing on the works of postcolonial theory, it then considers the limitations of such a process. The gendered epistemologies associated with Western secular thought -- by placing gender as the primary category of analysis -- have led to a uni-dimensional and monolithic understanding of what it means to be "gendered" for "Third World women", particularly Muslim women. I interrogate this notion of a gendered epistemology as the only way of knowing by suggesting that a cross-cultural and intersectional "set of perspectives that place the category of gender within the category of other frameworks of 'difference'" (Nye, 2003: 97) -- in this case religion -- pursues a more nuanced approach that is attune to a variety of epistemologies rather than a single unified gendered epistemology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter provides an action plan to help achieve gender equity by better understanding the role of gender, leadership, and communication in higher education administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a conceptual dialogue between folkcommunication and gender studies, with an emphasis on queer theory, in order to discuss the cultural practices of resistance carried out by marginalized groups by gender. Reflections are presented about the cultural transformations that evidence the construction of identities, by subverting the hegemony around sexuality, from the debate made by Luiz Beltrao around the erotic-porn groups. As from the recovery of communicational aspects that characterize the homosexual groups, the text establishes counterpoints among marginalized groups from yesterday and today, valuing their resistance practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication and education are aligned to the gender perspective to expand its epistemological challenge, its social fields of implication and its political scope of transformation. By borrowing the power of this emergent articulation and dilution of their disciplinary boundaries, as a key to re-reading the world, the article puts into dialogue and analyzes the senses about "the educational" present in two workshop spaces, inscribed in dissimilar social and institutional contexts. Firstly, the Communication, Art and Gender Workshop at the 8th Female Penitentiary Unit of Los Hornos, city of La Plata; secondly, the Popular School of Gender, in the town of Ensenada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an editorial in which the author comments on the relationship between communication and gender. He examines the recent history of stereotypical gender roles, particularly those of women, and considers these topics from a sociocultural perspective. The impact of patriarchal and imperialistic society is also explored.

In this study we utilized the framework of patient-centered communication to explore the influence of physician gender and physician parental status on (1) physician-parent communication and (2) care of pediatric patients at the end of life (EOL). The findings presented here emerged from a larger qualitative study that explored physician narratives surrounding pediatric EOL communication. The current study includes 17 pediatric critical care and pediatric emergency medicine physician participants who completed narrative interviews between March and October 2012 to discuss how their backgrounds influenced their approaches to pediatric EOL communication. Between April and June of 2013, participants completed a second round of narrative interviews to discuss topics generated out of the first round of interviews. We used grounded theory to inform the design and analysis of the study. Findings indicated that physician gender is related to pediatric EOL communication and care in two primary ways: (1) the level of physician emotional distress and (2) the way physicians perceive the influence of gender on communication. Additionally, parental status emerged as an important theme as it related to EOL decision-making and communication, emotional distress, and empathy. Although physicians reported experiencing more emotional distress related to interacting with patients at the EOL after they became parents, they also felt that they were better able to show empathy to parents of their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immigration policy index is based on three types of entry visa restrictions: visa required, visa not required for short stays and visa not required. I identify country pairs which changed their visa regime during 2000-2010 and find that the weakening of visa policy is associated with a 10 percent increase in migrant stocks and a significant shift towards male and less skilled migration from policy affected source countries. In contrast, the tightening of visa policy is not related to a significant change in migrant stocks, their gender or skill composition. The result suggests the existence of immigration policy hysteresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends research on manifestations of gender insensitivity in learners’ reading materials by shifting attention to the linguistic strategies that authors of current texts employ for the realisation of gender sensitivity. We analysed the content of 12 current (2014) English workbooks (Grade 4–6) used in South African government and public schools for gender sensitive strategies they employed. Most strategies sought to get round the problem caused by the lack of a singular third person gender neutral pronoun in the English Language. Although both feminisation and degenderisation strategies were apparent in the few strategies observed, we observe the difficulty of degenderising reading materials without radical reforms within the English language. We posit that the judicious combination of feminisation and degenderisation holds promise for gender sensitivity in texts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Informal workplace interactions are powerful organizational processes producing inequalities in male-dominated work, where sexuality is frequently employed as a means of control over women. The article considers whether women can derive support from interactions with male and female colleagues, drawing on qualitative research with women working in the UK construction and transport sectors. The article contributes an empirical application of Mc Call's intercategorical intersectional approach, examining gender, sexuality and occupational group. It highlights the benefits and challenges of extending Mc Call's multi-group method to qualitative analysis. Stereotypical associations of lesbians with 'masculine' work are challenged, showing how gendered and heterosexual norms constrain workplace interactions for both heterosexual women and lesbians. Therefore organizational measures should address not only formal workplace processes, but the informal interactions affecting women's survival in male-dominated work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of relatively anonymous communication involving no physical proximity means that Internet discussion forums offer opportunities for cross-gender communication that do not necessarily violate Saudi Arabian rules for behavior. This article studies participation in a public discussion forum for expatriate Saudi students. Building on a previous article that established the extent to which participants disclose their gender in the forum, it investigates the extent to which participants take advantage of the opportunity for mixed communication online, their attitudes towards it, and their reactions when it occurs. It analyzes in detail the cross-gender exchanges that occur in the corpus, together with remarks made by participants about this issue, in order to determine the circumstances under which mixed communication is seen as appropriate in this forum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the concept of stylization and illustrates its usefulness for studying online discourse by examining how writers have employed it in order to parody sexist products such as BIC Cristal for Her, using genderlect in order to introduce dissonance into and reframe patriarchal discourse. A corpus analysis of 671 reviews, written from August through October 2012, confirmed a dramatically higher presence of lexical items and adjectives often stereotyped as feminine, compared to a reference corpus of other parody reviews, as well as the GloWbe corpus housed at Brigham Young University. A qualitative analysis shows the stylized use of these features, and how they contribute to the construction of personas that are intended to mock the sexism inherent in BIC’s advertising. This analysis hopes to encourage more attention to how stylization functions in emerging online genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the need for more direct assessment of gendered expectations for communication behaviors, we devised a novel experimental approach that tests whether expectations for “agreeableness” are more salient when evaluating male or female speakers in their affirmative responses to a friend’s request or expression of opinion. Briefly, as lag times are introduced, it appears that females are expected to be more agreeable (or male delay is more tolerated), particularly when alignment with opinion is at stake or when a female is responding to another female. Findings are discussed in the context of Expectation Violations Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigates the degree to which whispered speech impacts speech perception and gender identification in cochlear implant (CI) users. Listening experiments with six CI subjects under neutral and whispered speech conditions using sentences from the UT-Vocal Effort II corpus (recordings from male and female speakers) were conducted. Results indicated a significant effect of whispering on gender identification and speech intelligibility scores. In addition, no significant effect of talker gender on the speech/gender identification scores was observed. Results also suggested that exposure to longer speech stimuli, and consequently more temporal cues, would not improve gender identification performance in CI subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]