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Mycotoxin pollution in agricultural food products endangers animal and human health during the supply chains, therefore the development of accurate and rapid techniques for the determination of mycotoxins is of great importance for food safety guarantee. MXenes-based nanoprobes have attracted enormous attention as a complementary analysis and promising alternative strategies to conventional diagnostic methods, because of their fascinating features, like high electrical conductivity, various surface functional groups, high surface area, superb thermal resistance, good hydrophilicity, and environmentally-friendlier characteristics. In this study, we outline the state-of-the-art research on MXenes-based probes in detecting various mycotoxins like aflatoxin, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and other toxins as a most commonly founded mycotoxin in the agri-food supply chain. First, we present the diverse synthesis approaches and exceptional characteristics of MXenes. Afterward, based on the detecting mechanism, we divide the biosensing utilizations of MXenes into two subcategories: electrochemical, and optical biosensors. Then their performance in effective sensing of mycotoxins is comprehensively deliberated. Finally, present challenges and prospective opportunities for MXenes are debated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current interest in hemp is not limited to the medicinal use for humans, it is also gaining attention as a valuable feed ingredient for animals. For instance, the processing of whole hemp seed (HS) for the extraction of the oil can result in various feed materials for animals, including HS hulls, dehulled HS, HS oil, and HS cake/meal. However, currently, HS-derived products are not approved as feed ingredients in Canada, in part, because the safety and efficacy of these derivatives, like other jurisdictions, require certification by regulatory bodies for their use in animal feeds. In this context, this document reviews previous studies testing the application of hemp-derived products in various animal feeds, including poultry, swine, ruminants, as well as in aquaculture production to support their safety and efficacy. Furthermore, the document attempts to review available data on the transfer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the psychoactive component) into animal products. Hence, the aim of this work is to support future policy directions and guidelines for the application of various hemp-derived products in animal feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Animal feed hygiene is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety and well-being of animals and the quality of animal products. Contamination of animal feed can lead to various hazards and diseases, affecting both animal diseases and human food safety. Observance of poultry feed hygiene in feed mill factories should be one of the most important issues to witness a reduction in cost and increase in production. Food/feed safety veterinarian should be to control of hygiene of human/animal commodity to safety and public health. Microbial hazards are major agent which seen in food/feed and secondary metabolites of fungal is named of mycotoxin are highly toxic metabolits compounds that produced in ingredient and finish feedstuffs. The effects of mycotoxin on poultry include reduced feed intake, growth performance, immunity, antioxidants status and blood parameters, and they have been associated with increased mortality, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and organ damage in poultry industry. Poultry feed hygiene regulations are crucial for ensuring the safety and quality of animal feed products. The aim of this study was to prevent the contamination of poultry feed with harmful substances are control of its negative impact on poultry health and human food safety. This review provides an overview of feed health factors with the importance of mycotoxins and poultry feed contamination by natural toxins. Contamination of raw materials with mycotoxins in poultry feedstuffs during production is a significant challenge for the safety and quality of finish poultry feed. The importance of monitoring and controlling mycotoxin contamination in poultry feedstuffs to ensure poultry/human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical Application Nowadays, consumption habits are changing for different reasons, and animal products are being replaced by plant‐based analogs. Some of these analogs are classified as ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) according to NOVA criteria (food classification system). Within this scenario, little is known about consumers’ sensory response regarding these new products. One main challenge of plant‐based UPFs is imitating both the sensory characteristics and the hedonic experience of meat consumption. Although numerous studies explore the sensory profile of ultra‐processed vegan products, we found no comparisons between the sensory profiles of plant‐based analogs and their corresponding meat products. The present study aimed to compare the dynamic sensory profiles, specifically focusing on flavor and texture attributes, of animal‐based food (beef and chicken meat) and their corresponding commercial ultra‐processed plant‐based meat analogs (seitan and Mediterranean chick'n pieces) and to establish the adequacy of the intensity of certain sensory characteristics (attributes) and their impact on the acceptability of meat analogs. This was conducted using the time‐intensity technique with fourteen trained panelists and just about right scales with 59 consumers, evaluating the acceptability of the products with a 7‐point hedonic scale. The dynamic perception results for the analogs significantly differed from those of beef and chicken, specifically showing higher intensity in “nonmeat” attributes such as gumminess, mushroom flavor, vegetable flavor, and spiciness. The attributes that characterize the chicken analog are more suitable than the attributes that characterize seitan. The acceptability of seitan was not significantly influenced by the attribute suitability results. However, poor juiciness showed a significant penalty on its acceptance for the chicken analog. These identified differences highlight the need to evaluate and adjust the sensory characteristics of plant‐based products that attempt to imitate traditional meat products.The time‐intensity technique was effective in identifying differences in the consumption experience between meat and the respective plant‐based analogs. Inadequate taste and texture characteristics can decrease the acceptability of the analogs. The identification of these characteristics is crucial for the food industry to understand consumer preferences regarding meat substitutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross‐sectional study investigated nonconventional therapies for COVID‐19 in Trinidad, emphasizing the need for documentation supporting future pharmaceutical research. The survey, conducted from June 20 to July 19, 2022, garnered responses from 57 participants aged 18 and above, with 82.46% vaccinated. The majority (81%) utilized both conventional and nonconventional therapies, revealing insights for potential alternatives to traditional treatments. Conventional treatments, including antibiotics, Ivermectin, anti‐inflammatories, analgesics, bronchodilators, and cough/flu syrups, were frequently reported. Nonconventional therapies encompassed vitamins, minerals, supplements, and various plant and animal products. When participants used conventional therapies, either alone or in combination with nonconventional ones, 13.21% reported side effects. These included severe thirst, headache, nausea, drowsiness, and one case of weight gain. Conversely, those exclusively using nonconventional treatments reported no side effects. Encouragingly, nonconventional therapies demonstrated promising effects in managing COVID‐19, emphasizing the need for meticulous selection, research, and development of their bioactive compounds as potential alternatives to conventional therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existence of Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethylamine (TMA) are well recognized through our multiple human activities. Most of them are derived from quaternary ammoniums widely distributed in natural products, which have N-trimethyl moiety. There could also be some inhibitors to reduce their yield. TMAO is known as a representative component in seafood and is recently gaining large attention. TMAO is formed mostly from choline and carnitine in animal products by mediating gut microbes and host monooxygenase in the human body. Teleost tilapia also has a similar mechanism well mediating choline. In marine habitants, TMAO is utilized as an osmolyte. In human, however, the endogenous TMAO is reported to be associated with a risk of cardiovascular events. During the organic evolution, marine creatures could develop utilizing TMAO while avoiding risks. This article, therefore, reviews and characterize the TMAO/TMA having different profiles, and consider the possible inhibitors preventing undesired metabolisms, to try to find clues of the TMAO subjects and consider possibilities and prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of xenotransplants in the European Union has undergone significant changes, particularly with the introduction of the Reflection Paper on the Classification of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products. This paper defines products containing animal cells or tissues for human administration as Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMPs). This regulatory shift extended restrictions on ATMPs to other products like animal cell/tissue transplants. This article examines the implications of this change, exploring concerns about reclassifying procedures currently in clinical practice and neglecting the nature of xenotransplants as transplants rather than medicinal products. It highlights challenges in adopting this classification, including increased costs for healthcare facilities, and sustainability concerns. Recommendations are provided, including creating separate legislation for animal cells, tissues, and organs, refining ATMP classification criteria to exempt products without genome modification, recombinant nucleic acids, substantial manipulation, or intended non-homologous use, and reducing regulatory burdens for minimally manipulated xenotransplants to facilitate access. Engaging experts and stakeholders in decision-making and balancing safety with accessibility and sustainability is advocated. The article emphasizes the need to avoid hindering the clinical translation of xenotransplants and to implement proportionate, science-based legislation that inspires global harmonization while benefiting patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing animal product consumption is a necessary action to mitigate climate change and other environmental issues. We tested and compared the effectiveness of an individual and a social app-based 30-day challenge in reducing animal product consumption. Through a pre-registered field randomized controlled trial (n = 1213), we find both conditions reduced animal product consumption by 16–17% compared to the control group, with a lasting effect only for the social treatment (encouragement to involve family and friends) 3 months after the intervention. The effects were largest for meat consumption and those who consumed meat at the baseline. Additionally, associated greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 21–24% and are still significantly reduced 3 months after both interventions, with a larger effect for the social treatment. Our findings suggest that app-based animal product-free challenges are a cost-effective way (~€13–25 per tCO2-eq assuming a 1-year lasting effect) to translate intentions into lasting dietary change, especially when involving the social environment and targeting meat eaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractConsumer interest in a shift toward moderating animal products in their diets (flexitarian) is constantly increasing. One way to meet this consumer demand is through hybrid meat products, defined as those in which a portion of the meat is substituted by plant protein. This review article aims to analyze literature regarding the impact of replacing meat proteins with other alternative proteins on the functional and nutritional properties of hybrid products. Different food matrices created by hybrid products have impact on the digestive processes and outcomes in vitro and in vivo, and the bioavailability of protein, lipid, and mineral nutrients is modified, hence these aspects are reviewed. The functional properties of hybrid products change with regard to type of alternative protein source used. In hybrid products, deficiencies in amino acids in alternative proteins are balanced by amino acids from meat proteins, resulting in wholesome products. Additionally, animal protein degrades into peptides in the gut which bind non-animal iron and increase the availability of iron from the alternative protein material. This relationship may support the development of hybrid products offering products with increased iron bioavailability and a previously unseen beneficial nutritional composition. The effects of alternative protein addition in hybrid meat products on protein and mineral digestibility remains unclear. More research is required to clarify the interaction of the protein-food matrix as well as its effects on digestibility. Very little research has been conducted on the oxidative stability and microbiological safety of hybrid products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Selenium is an essential element in the diet of both humans and animals. By obtaining adequate levels of Se in the animal body, animal products can be obtained that will provide a valuable source of Se in the human diet. The present study investigated the bioavailable selenium content in organs and tissues from beef cattle. Our results show that selenium-deficient animals had a higher percentage of bioavailable selenium in tissues than animals with normal selenium levels. In addition, the highest concentration of bioavailable selenium was found in the kidneys and the highest percentage of bioavailable selenium was found in the muscles. The results of the study indicate that more attention should be paid to selenium supplementation in animals to ensure normal selenium levels during insufficient supply. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of bioavailable Se between different organs in beef cattle with regard to selenium status. The animals were divided into two groups based on serum selenium concentration, viz. normal and deficient Se status. Bioavailable selenium was extracted from the organs by simulated in vitro digestion, and its concentration was determined by spectrofluorimetry. The percentage of bioavailable Se was calculated in the liver, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, and longissimus dorsi muscle, based on the total Se content. In all animals tested, the highest bioavailable selenium concentrations were found in the kidney (0.175–0.408 µg/g) and the lowest in the longissimus dorsi muscle (0.04–0.042 µg/g), regardless of Se status. The highest bioavailability of Se was recorded in bulls, reaching 56.6% in the longissimus dorsi muscle, and the lowest in the kidney (21.4%). The study showed that cattle with Se deficiency had a higher percentage of bioavailable Se in their tissues than those with normal Se levels. This is most likely related to the fact that the body seeks to ensure optimal levels of the element in the organs during insufficient supply. Despite balanced feeding, there was a deficiency of Se. This is most likely related to the fact that, in plants, it occurs mainly in its inorganic form, which is less well-utilised by the animals and does not cover their needs for this element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic animals are viewed as a good source of healthy lipids. Although drying is an effective method for the preservation of aquatic animal products (AAPs), the whole process is accompanied by lipid oxidation. This article reviews the main mechanism of lipid oxidation in the drying process. It also summarizes the effects of lipid oxidation on the quality of dried aquatic animal products (DAAPs), including nutrients, color, flavor, and hazard components, especially for those harmful aldehydes and heterocyclic amines. In addition, it concluded that moderate lipid oxidation contributes to improving the quality of products. Still, excessive lipid oxidation produces hazardous substances and induces health risks. Hence, to obtain high-quality DAAPs, some effective control technologies to promote/prevent lipid oxidation are introduced and deeply discussed, including salting, high-pressure processing, irradiation, non-thermal plasma technology, defatting treatments, antioxidants, and edible coating. A systematic review of the effect of lipid oxidation on quality attributes and control technologies in DAAPs is presented, and some perspectives are made for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We sought to engage with expert patient/carers to understand attitudes towards use of tissue engineering (TE) for long-gap oesophageal atresia (OA). Methods: An in-person engagement event for 70 patients/parents was held by the OA patient group, TOFS. Attitudes towards TE were assessed before and after a talk on use of TE oesophagi in a pre-clinical OA model. Perceptions were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (median [range]) and compared using Mann–Whitney test. Results: 43 attendees responded; 56% parents/caregivers, 21% patients, 7% healthcare workers, 16% unreported. Most (85%) had some awareness of TE but for 15%, it was a new concept. Attendees were receptive to TE; 89% reported no concerns about growth of their/child(s) cells in a lab and 61% reported no concerns about using animal products. Perceptions of TE significantly improved after the presentation from 4 (2–5, n = 32) to 5 (3–5, n = 28) p < 0.0001, and 96% would like to be involved in focus groups on development of a TE product for use in OA. Conclusion: Input from key stakeholders is essential to introduction of TE constructs clinically. The overall response to TE constructs was positive, and informs development of an OA-specific focus group to guide translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the greatest challenges of our time is antimicrobial resistance, which could become the leading cause of death globally within a few decades. In the context of One Health, it is in the common interest to mitigate the global spread of antimicrobial resistance by seeking alternative solutions, alongside appropriate drug selection and responsible use. Probiotics offer a potential avenue to reduce antibiotic usage; however, there is a scarcity of research that examines commercial products in terms of carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) involved in resistance development through microbial vectors. Methods: Our study investigated 10 commercially available probiotic products for cats and dogs. Initially, we conducted phenotypic testing through determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for antibiotics important in animal and public health. Subsequently, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the products to elucidate the genetic background behind the decrease in phenotypic sensitivity. Results: In total, 19 types of ARGs were identified, with 57.9% being found on plasmids, and in two cases, carriage as mobile genetic elements were found. One of the genes identified was the APH(3 ′)-Ia gene, capable of inactivating aminoglycoside antibiotics through phosphotransferase enzyme production regulation, while the other was the tetS gene, capable of conferring reduced sensitivity to tetracycline antibiotics through target protection. Discussion: Our findings underscore the importance of approaching antimicrobial resistance investigations from a broader perspective. We suggest that further studies in this area are justified and raise questions regarding the need to extend legally required studies on probiotic products from their use in economic livestock to their use in companion animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tylosin (TYL) is a macrolide antibiotic widely used in animal husbandry. Due to associated health risks, there is a demand for sensitive methods for mass screening of TYL in products of animal origin. This article describes the development of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) for TYL detection using direct (anti-TYL antibodies conjugated with nanoparticles) and indirect antibody labeling (anti-species antibodies conjugated with nanoparticles and combined with native anti-TYL antibodies). The choice of LFIA conditions, such as concentrations of hapten–protein conjugates, specific antibodies, and gold nanoparticle (GNP) conjugates with antibodies, as well as incubation time of reagents and the concentration of detergent in the sample buffer, is presented. The achieved limits of TYL detection using LFIAs with indirect labeling were 0.8 ng/mL (visual) and 0.07 ng/mL (instrumental), compared to 4 ng/mL (visual) and 0.4 ng/mL (instrumental) for the case of direct labeling. The sensitivity of the LFIA using the indirect format was up to seven times higher, allowing the determination of the target analyte at low concentrations. TYL detection in ground meat using LFIA with indirect antibody labeling ranged from 76–119%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although 3-nitroxypropanol (3-NOP) has been proven to reduce enteric methane (CH 4) by ∼30% in indoor systems of dairying when the additive is mixed throughout a TMR, very limited research has been done to date in grazing systems in which the most convenient method of additive supplementation is at milking twice daily. To investigate the effect of twice daily 3-NOP supplementation on enteric CH 4 emissions, a 12-wk study was undertaken in which treatment cows (n = 26) were supplemented with 3-NOP (80 mg/kg DMI) twice daily at morning and evening milking, and control cows (n = 26) received no additive supplementation. Enteric CH 4 , hydrogen (H 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) were measured using GreenFeed units, and milk production, BW, BCS, and DMI were monitored to determine the effect of 3-NOP supplementation on productivity. No significant effect was observed for 3-NOP supplementation on any of the aforementioned parameters with the exception of CH 4 and H 2 production, respectively. Cows supplemented with 3-NOP produced 1.6-fold more H 2 (P < 0.001) across a 24-h period, with reductions in CH 4 production of 28.5% recorded in the 3 h after additive consumption (P < 0.001), however, levels of CH 4 production returned to that of the control group thereafter. When CH 4 production was considered across the entire 24-h period, the cows offered 3-NOP produced ∼5% less CH 4 than the control (P < 0.050). Future research should focus on methods to increase the efficacy of the additive throughout the day which would include the deployment of a slow-release form or an out-of-parlor feeding system that allows animals consume the product at additional time points. The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expanding field of public acceptance consistently shows left-leaning ideology as a predictor of support for many climate policy instruments. However, little work has been done to investigate the indirect links between ideology and policy-specific beliefs like perceived fairness, effectiveness and infringement on personal freedom on policy acceptance. Of this work, none pertain specifically to taxes that target greenhouse gas emissions from food consumption, called climate-motivated food taxes (CMF tax). CMF taxes are useful for studying the factors underlying ideology because they intersect with changing personal behaviour, which especially triggers ideological concerns. Moreover, CMF taxes appear to be an effective way to curb emissions stemming from the production of animal products, primarily beef and dairy, which are responsible for nearly a third of global emissions. Lastly, this study provides insight into how the predictability of ideological effects on policy acceptance differs in countries also beyond those classically studied (such as the USA and countries in Europe) by utilizing survey data collected in 2023 from Brazil, Germany, India, South Africa, Sweden and the USA (N = 10,513). We find direct and indirect links between ideology and policy acceptability, where fairness and effectiveness beliefs about policies mediate more of the effect than beliefs about freedom. Key policy insights The traditional ideological left–right divide, affecting policy attitudes, is more relevant for countries in the Global North. Well-established policy acceptance indicators may not be the same or as relevant in the Global South, implying that there may be more public support for instruments like a CMF tax than previously understood. Climate change concern strongly affects policy support for a CMF tax, so spreading awareness of climate change and its impacts via education and policy communication might increase support. Perceived fairness strongly affects policy support for a CMF tax, so to avoid public opposition; policy-makers need to take into consideration distributional and procedural concerns when designing a CMF tax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Food safety is crucial globally, particularly regarding mycotoxins in food. Mycotoxins, primarily found in cereals, can also contaminate animal products. In Mexico, staple foods like maize and animal products may contain fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium fungi linked to various health issues. Type B fumonisins (FBs) and their hydrolysis products are particularly toxic to humans. This study analysed the most commonly consumed foods in the Mexican diet, selected based on data from Mexican government institutions. Samples were processed and dried at various temperatures according to the food type. To identify the most effective extraction method, each sample underwent testing under different extraction conditions. The presence of FB1, FB2, FB3, and their hydrolysed forms in the selected foods, as well as their relative concentrations, was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS‐QTOF). Therefore, this work aims to analyse the presence of fumonisins as contaminants in foods consumed by Mexicans, providing an analytical method for their inspection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The growing recognition of environmental conservation and human well‐being has led to a surge in the advancement of plant‐based meat. These meat alternatives are similar to animal meat products regarding texture, flavour, shape, and other characteristics. These products consist of three main components: plant tissue proteins, fat mimetics, and plant‐based glues that act as binders. Since meat substitutes are subjected to high temperatures and pressures or refrigeration, the junction between the tissue proteins and fat mimetics is prone to cracking, necessitating the development of adhesives with excellent bonding characteristics. The physicochemical properties and functional applications of plant glues are currently attracting significant research attention. Plant‐based glues are essentially gels derived from substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, or various compounds. This article summarised the basic principles of gel formation, focusing on acid‐, salt‐, heat‐, and enzyme‐induced gel formation pathways, as well as the role of pH adjustment and enzyme or salt ion addition in improving their functional properties. Optimal conditions can enhance the adhesive properties of plant‐based glues. This article reviewed the types, gelation mechanisms, influencing factors, and challenges of plant‐based glues to provide a theoretical basis for research on their application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a notable commercial aquaculture species, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in US faces challenges including the global market competition and enhanced feed costs. Since fish bone waste is a major source of calcium and hydroxyapatite, re-utilization gives birth to several advanced products in the development of animal feed, fertilizers, and nutrition supplements. Recent research findings introduce fish bone powder (FBP) reinforcement in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of plastic composites. However, FBP so far has not been widely utilized for Direct Ink Writing (DIW) 3D printing of silicone composite. In this paper, catfish bone waste has been recycled and processed with a thermal procedure. FBP reinforced silicone composite structures have been developed and manufactured using low-viscosity DIW 3D printing. Morphological and chemical structures of FBPs were analyzed and compared before and after calcination. The rheological and mechanical characterization have indicated the potential of calcinated FBP in advancing the silicone composites. With 0%–50% weight percentages of FBP, composite samples can be designed to get any specified mechanical response (0.5–1.4 MPa in 50% tension strain and 150–550 N in 30% compression strain). The shape holding, overhang, and dimensional accuracy of FBP reinforced silicone composites in single (DIW) and dual (FDM + DIW) 3D printing processes have been demonstrated and summarized. With appropriate adjustments, this FBP-based 3D printing technology can be applied to byproduct recycling of all the US food-fish species, poultry, and livestock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide residues have become an escalating concern in Pakistan, raising significant risks to both public health and the environment. This review overviews the current status of pesticide contamination in the country, with a specific focus on residue levels in relation to Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and a comparative analysis with regional and global counterparts. Several studies reveal that 30% to 70% of tested food products, including fruits, vegetables, and animal-derived products, especially in Punjab and Sindh, exceed established MRLs. This level of contamination is considerably higher than in neighboring countries such as India, where MRL exceedance ranges from 20 to 30%, and Bangladesh, which reports lower levels due to stricter regulatory efforts. In comparison, developed countries, including those in the European Union and the United States, report less than 5% of food samples exceeding MRLs, often falling below 1% due to stringent safety standards. The high prevalence of pesticide residues in Pakistan poses severe health risks, including neurological disorders, reproductive problems, and cancer, particularly in vulnerable groups like children and pregnant women. Key factors contributing to these elevated pesticide levels include insufficient knowledge of safe pesticide use, the unregulated application of banned or expired products, improper safety protocols, and malfunctioning equipment. A prevailing reliance on pesticides as the sole pest control method further hinders the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. In conclusion, pesticide residue levels in Pakistan are above permissible MRLs compared to regional and global standards, underscoring the need for urgent improvements in pesticide regulation, enforcement, and the promotion of sustainable pest control methods like IPM to better protect human health and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAquatic foods (includes farmed or wild-caught fish, molluscs, crustaceans, miscellaneous aquatic invertebrates, and aquatic plants or seaweeds) represent a valuable source of essential dietary nutrients for the world population. Although at the global level, aquatic animal food products supplied over 3.4 billion people with over 20% of their total animal protein food supply in 2022, this was not the case for all regions. The composition of aquatic species consumed also varied between geographic regions. In the African region, aquatic animal foods were dominated by fish species (primarily captured pelagic and marine fish), whereas in the Asian region, aquatic animal foods were dominated by cultured freshwater fish species. In general, these differences generally reflect the seasonal availability and cost of aquatic foods, the level of consumer income, culinary traditions and preferences, and the existence of an organized productive sector; fish products generally being the cheapest source of animal protein and food available in most Asian and many African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative proteins have been posed as a viable alternative to conventional animal products, as consumers become more aware of the environmental and health implications of animal farming. In this paper, we review literature on consumer acceptance of alternative proteins which has been omitted from two previous reviews. We review and analyze 18 papers which met our inclusion criteria. We present findings on overall acceptance, demographic factors, barriers and motivators, and factors increasing acceptance. A major finding from all the studies was that the interventions with information related to the different alternative products induced positive reactions among the participants and increased willingness to try the unfamiliar products. Women, older people, uneducated, and rural participants were more hesitant to try cultivated meat. Information related to environmental benefits influenced the participants to make proactive decisions toward trying alternative protein products in some studies. Participants who had prior experience or familiarity with the concept of alternative protein products and their technology held positive attitudes towards the same. We discuss implications for alternative protein companies, as well as policymakers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HEV mainly enters animal and human hosts through the orofecal route, which presents a critical health concern alongside the associated environmental variable. Among products of animal origin, milk (both ovine and bovine) can harbor HEV RNA, which can potentially be transmitted to consumers. In this study, a total of 220 raw ovine milk samples were collected from Apennine breed subjects farmed (transhumance method) in three different Italian provinces, L'Aquila, Pescara, and Teramo, located in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy). All the specimens were screened using one-step real-time RT-qPCR and nested RT-PCR assays. Among them, 5/220 or 2.27% harbored HEV RNA fragments belonging to the ORF1 and ORF2 codifying regions of the genotype 3c. The average viral amount discovered was 102 GE/mL. These subjects represented 2/57 or 3.51% of the Pescara herd, and 3/105 or 2.86% of the Teramo herd. Although HEV RNA was discovered in sheep fecal samples, the original data obtained in the present study represent the first HEV RNA detection in ovine raw milk from Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biological contamination of foods is a serious problem for human health. Animal and animal products may be contaminated by these biological and chemical contaminants. One of the most important causes of foodborne illness in humans is Escherichia coli. Fluoroquinolones can be used as a suitable treatment for enteric infections in food-producing livestock. We aimed to evaluate the current status of resistance of E. coli strains isolated from animals and animal products to fluoroquinolone in Iran. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases from 2000 to Oct 2020. Nineteen studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria and analysis by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Results: Based on the data analysis, The rates of antibiotic resistance in animal strains were as follows: Flumequine (75.1%), Enrofloxacin (55.2%), Danofloxacin (48.1%), Ciprofloxacin (48.4%), and Norfloxacin (52.9%). Next, the rates of quinolone resistance among E. coli strains isolated from animal products were Norfloxacin (45.5%), Ciprofloxacin (44.5%), and Enrofloxacin (60.9%). Based on the funnel plots and Egger's test, there was no significant publication bias. Conclusion: We finally concluded that antibiotic resistance in commensal E. coli is related to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock, especially fluoroquinolones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) within the framework of the Preparatory measures for the participation of IPA beneficiaries in the European Food Safety Authority 2023–2026 will organize a total of 3 crisis preparedness training events for the IPA countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo,* Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye). For 2024, EFSA requested to organise a simulation exercise focused on a multi‐country incident related to biological risks in products of animal origin. The overall objectives of the training were: 1) to increase IPA countries' knowledge and understanding of crisis handling concepts and of EFSA's crisis handling procedures; 2) to improve preparedness and response planning for crisis situations in the domain of biological hazards; 3) to improve coherence, interoperability and coordination, to be prepared for communication and decision‐making challenges in crisis situations. Working with the contractor Opera srl, EFSA organised a 2‐day training on 26–27 June 2024 in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), attended by 24 participants (3 online) from 7 IPA countries, 2 representatives from EFSA and 1 representative from the hosting competent authority from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Participants were briefed on the IPA crisis preparedness training scheme, EFSA's crisis handling procedures, principles of crisis communication (remote mode), EFSA – ECDC Rapid Outbreak Assessment (remote mode), food safety risk assessment structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. Most of the workshop was dedicated to the simulation exercise, that was organized in a tabletop format, with injects describing an evolving food safety incident and a debriefing after each inject. During the exercise, 1 audio‐conference meeting and a TV debate were simulated. The exercise was concluded with a brainstorming session between the tutors and participants. Three recommendations were done to improve the organization of future events. Six recommendations were given for the improvement of risk assessment, risk management and risk communication in IPA countries. The objectives were achieved, based on the results of the knowledge test and on the feedback provided by participants in the course evaluation questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Lentilactobacillus buchneri DSM 32651 when used as a technological additive to improve ensiling of fresh plant material. The additive is intended for use in all fresh material for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species L. buchneri is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. The identity of the strain was established and no acquired antimicrobial resistance genes of concern were detected. Therefore, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the use of the strain as a silage additive is considered safe for all the animal species, for consumers of products from animals fed the treated silage and for the environment. Regarding user safety, the additive should be considered as a potential skin and respiratory sensitiser, and any exposure through skin and respiratory tract is considered a risk. The additive is not an eye irritant. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive consisting of L. buchneri DSM 32651 at a minimum concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/kg fresh material may extend the aerobic stability of silage prepared from fresh plant material with a DM range of 28%–45%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Pesticides have become essential to control agricultural pests such as weeds, insects, nematodes, bacteria, and fungi, which increases the risk of their transmission to animals through the feed produced from these crops. Among these pesticides, the most widely used is malathion (MOP). It exerts its toxicity through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an important presynaptic enzyme that terminates nerve impulses by hydrolyzing neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This study highlights the biochemical and histological hazardous reactions of MOP and the detoxifying efficacy of thyme (TEO) and oregano (OEO) essential oils by measuring enzyme-specific activity for Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) in order to reduce environmental hazards. Such knowledge would be the key step toward developing potentially unique treatment options for natural antitoxins. This may allow the livestock sector to increase production and ensure animal welfare and product health and safety. The widespread use of malathion may offer several hazards to humans and animals; additionally, many medicinal plants provide what is known as a broad antitoxicity treatment. This study was carried out to investigate hazardous biochemical and histological reactions to MOP and evaluate the effectiveness of TEO and OEO essential oils in restoring normal physiological conditions after MOP exposure by measuring enzyme-specific activity for Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). One hundred and twenty rats were divided into six groups of twenty animals each: (i) C − MOP served as the control group, (ii) C + MOP treated with 5 mg/kg/BW of Malathion-D10, (iii) TEO treated with 100 mg/kg/BW of oregano essential oil, (iv) TEO treated with 100 mg/kg/BW of thyme essential oil, (v) MOP + OEO treated with 5 mg/kg/BW of Malathion-D10 and 100 mg/kg/BW of oregano essential oil, and (vi) MOP + TEO treated with 5 mg/kg/BW of Malathion-D10 and 100 mg/kg/BW of thyme essential oil. The results indicated the protective effects of OEO and TEO against MOP-induced weight loss. Additionally, there was a significant improvement in ALT, AST, and ALK-Ph after being treated with OEO and TEO, either alone or after MOP exposure. Also, treatment with OEO and TEO ameliorated these oxidative stress parameters, indicating their antioxidative properties. A histopathological examination of liver tissues showed reduced hepatocellular damage and improved liver architecture in the OEO and TEO, both alone and in combination with MOP, and protective effects were more pronounced in the TEO-treated groups. However, the results indicated that TEO was more effective than OEO in increasing CYP1A2 expression and alleviating MOP-induced toxicity. Specifically, TEO showed higher protein expression and therapeutic action in reducing liver damage. In conclusion, these findings suggest that OEO and TEO may be potent therapeutic agents against MOP toxicity, offering protective effects by enhancing CYP1A2 activity and mitigating organ damage. Such knowledge would be an important step toward developing potentially unique treatment options for natural antitoxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) is the main indicator for evaluating the freshness of fish meal, and accurate detection and monitoring of TVB‐N is of great significance for the health of animals and humans. Here, to realize fast and accurate identification of TVB‐N, in this article, a self‐developed electronic nose (e‐nose) was used, and the mapping relationship between the gas sensor response characteristic information and TVB‐N value was established to complete the freshness detection. RESULTS: The TVB‐N variation curve was decomposed into seven subsequences with different frequency scales by means of variational mode decomposition (VMD). Each subsequence was modelled using different long short‐term memory (LSTM) models, and finally, the final TVB‐N prediction result was obtained by adding the prediction results based on different frequency components. To improve the performance of the LSTM, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) was used to optimize the number of hidden units, learning rate and regularization coefficient of LSTM. The prediction results indicated that the high accuracy was obtained by the VMD‐LSTM model optimized by SSA in predicting TVB‐N. The coefficient of determination (R2), the root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) between the predicted value and the actual value of TVBN were 0.91, 0.115 and 6.39%. CONCLUSIONS: This method improves the performance of e‐nose in detecting the freshness of fish meal and provides a reference for the quality detection of e‐nose in other materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Residue and resistance in food animals pose significant challenges to Southeast Asia's public health, animal welfare, agricultural productivity, and sustainability. This article emphasises the need for policy interventions to address these issues effectively. Residue, the presence of harmful substances in animal products, is a concern due to the misuse of veterinary drugs and pesticides. Robust surveillance programs, risk assessment, and enforcement of maximum residue limits are crucial to ensure food safety. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is another critical challenge in the region, driven by intensive animal production systems and disproportionate antimicrobial use. Responsible antimicrobial use, surveillance systems, and alternative production practices like vaccination, enhanced animal husbandry, and improved biosecurity a re essential to combat the menace. Addressing residue and resistance requires a comprehensive mindset and policy approach, including strengthening regulatory frameworks and inter‐agency collaboration, including a One Health approach. Governments, farms, veterinarians, and other stakeholders must work together to develop and enforce effective policies. Education and awareness campaigns can promote responsible practices throughout the food‐animal production chain. By prioritising the reduction of residue and resistance, Southeast Asian countries can safeguard public health, ensure sustainable agriculture, and contribute to global efforts in tackling AMR. Policymakers supported by academia, industry, and other stakeholders play a crucial role in effectively shaping and implementing policies to address these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positioning and position are notions that are quite often used currently in psychology, mostly with reference to Dialogical Self Theory and Positioning Theory. In this article, drawing on these two approaches as well as on socio-cultural psychology, I elaborate an integrative understanding of positioning. It includes a distinction between the socio-material, socio-discursive and moral dimensions of positioning, as well as a distinction between microgenetic, ontogenetic and sociogenetic scales of positioning. I illustrate the hermeneutical power of this theoretical proposition through the presentation of a study of positioning regarding the consumption of products of animal origin. I present an analysis of data collected in 2016 in a Swiss canton with qualitative semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. I focus on difficulties in positioning and show how the classical approach in terms of I-positions, and analyses based on the two distinctions presented above, allow differentiated insights on dynamics underlying the difficulties to position as a vegetarian or vegan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation entitled, "Eco-friendly Management of Anthracnose Disease of French bean Caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.)" was carried out at Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal during year 2022-2023. French bean is also known as common bean or green bean and is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, fibres, vitamins and minerals for humans. Anthracnose is one of the most destructive diseases of French bean caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum which can lead up to 100% crop loss. In this experiment the efficacy of different treatments such as essential oils, animal products and plant leaf extract were tested in in vitro and in vivo condition against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Out of the seven treatments screened in vitro by poisoned food technique for their inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum showed that minimum mycelial growth was recorded in Eucalyptus oil (00 mm) with (100%) inhibitory effect followed by Buttermilk (21.00 mm) with (72.37%) inhibition. In in vivo efficacy of treatments, prophylactic spray of Eucalyptus oil @ 5% gave the minimum per cent disease incidence and per cent disease index (31.00%) and (24.76%) and afterwards came Buttermilk @ 15% with per cent disease incidence and index (33.53%) and (26.33%) respectively. The yield was maximum from the plots treated with Eucalyptus oil @ 5% (1.96 kg/plot) and (242.79 q/ha). All the treatments used were efficient against the disease and gave better control. The treatments used were eco-friendly, easily accessible and non-toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Today, animal nutritionists and experts are looking for solutions to produce high quality animal products. In lamb meat, postmortem biochemical changes, such as lipid oxidation, lead to off-odours and flavour development that have negative impact on the shelf life of these products. Therefore, the possibility to extend the shelf life of lamb meat is a primary objective of the meat industry. Some of plant compounds are excellent source of natural antioxidants that can improve the shelf life and quality of meat mainly by inhibiting fat oxidation and microbial growth. Saffron petal (SP) is one of the by-products of saffron, which is a plant source rich in flavonoid compounds and anthocyanins, and annually large amounts of it discard as a waste product. Also, the use of these residues in animal feed, cause the reduction of environmental pollution. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of feeding of SP on performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status of blood and meat of Afshari fattening lambs. Materials and methods: Eighteen male Afshari lambs aged four to five months with an average initial weight of 17±2.5 kg in a completely randomized design were used. Experimental treatments were included: 1) control (basal diet without SP), 2) basal diet supplemented with 1.5% SP and 3) basal diet supplemented with 3% SP (DM basis). The experimental period was 84 days and lambs were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Results and discussion: The results showed that the addition of SP to the diet had no effect on feed intake, daily weight gain and nutrient digestibility. The amount of plasma urea in lambs fed with both levels of SP and the concentration of plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride in lambs fed with 3% of SP significantly decreased (P<0.05). In lambs fed with 3% SP, the total antioxidant capacity and activity of glutathione peroxidase enzyme in blood and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle was increased and the amount of malondialdehyde in the blood and LL muscle was decreased (P<0.05). But the activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood was not affected. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this research showed that adding 3% of SP to the diet of fattening lambs without affecting the performance, improved the antioxidant status of the blood and increased the shelf-life durability of meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses time-varying smooth transition autoregressive model to investigate the asymmetric nature of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) —an exogenous climatic factor—with respect to the nonlinear dynamics of food prices in sub-Saharan Africa. Curating food price series from more than 1100 markets from 36 SSA countries, the study finds that ENSO (linearly or nonlinearly) affects roughly half of food prices considered, with most nonlinear models exhibiting strong asymmetric properties with shock-inflicted persistence. Moreover, in terms of the location of the burden of ENSO impact, I find a geographical and food product divide. Specifically, ENSO appears to be more efficacious on maize prices in Southern, Eastern, and some parts of Central Africa. Conversely, local rice, cassava, millet, and animal products are least affected. The policy implication of this dichotomy is that response to ENSO news should be subregion-specific rather than region-specific, depending on how the subregions absorb the shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global demand increases for poultry products, innovative feeding strategies that reduce resource efficiency and improve food safety are urgently needed. This paper explores the potential of alternative sustainable poultry feeding strategies aimed at achieving SDG2 (Zero Hunger) while increasing production performance and food quality, focusing on the potential recycling of by-products, plants, and food waste derived from fruits, vegetables, and seeds, which account for up to 35% annually. The paper provides a review analysis of the nutritional (protein, fat, fiber, and ash) and minerals (i.e., calcium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, copper, and iron) content as well as the bioactive compounds (polyphenols, antioxidants, carotenoids, fatty acids, and vitamins) of alternative feed ingredients, which can contribute to resource efficiency, reduce dependency on conventional feeds, and lower production costs by 25%. The nutritional benefits of these alternative feed ingredients, including their effects on poultry production and health, and their potential for improving poultry product quality, are presented. Carrot, paprika, rosehip, and some berry waste represent a great source of carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins, while the seed meals (flax, rapeseed, and sea buckthorn) have been reported to enhance the essential fatty acid composition in eggs and meat. Numerous plants (basil, sage, rosemary, and lettuce) are natural reservoirs of bioactive compounds with benefits for both animal and food products. Some challenges in implementing these alternative sustainable feeding strategies, including inconsistencies in quality and availability, the presence of anti-nutrients, and regulatory barriers, are also explored. In conclusion, future research directions in sustainable poultry feeding with alternative feed ingredients should be considered to achieve SDG2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how a consumer social movement employs prefigurative practices to resist a dominant market logic and drive market changes in the here and now. We based our research on one year of ethnographic fieldwork with vegetarian and animal welfare activists embedded in a cultural milieu that predominantly supports the consumption of animal products. We used the storytelling method for the description and data analysis. Our findings reveal that activists challenge the market logic of animal abuse in three ways. First, they work to revolutionise the so-called meat culture. Second, they pro-actively demand laws that protect animal rights. Third, they establish singular modes of community-based exchange that detach themselves from the doxa of the consumption of animal products. By opposing the mainstream culture, the mainstream policy and the mainstream marketplace, these activists develop influential arenas of consumption that resemble their ideal world and impact the market as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The demand for animal products is increasing in developing countries due to population growth. However, livestock production contributes significantly to global warming, accounting for 25%. Probiotics can help improve livestock efficiency by enhancing gut microbes and fat metabolism. They can modify rumen populations, enhance fermentation, reduce methane emissions and improve feed digestion. In this study, the goal was to determine the most effective method of reducing methane emissions in the rumen of sheep in vitro by adding different concentrations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis. RESULTS: Adding 8 × 106 CFU g−1S. cerevisiae during fermentation reduced pH levels after 48 h. This also increased the concentrations of NH3‐N, microbial protein and total gas production. At the same time, it decreased methane emissions. Furthermore, adding 20 × 106 CFU g−1B. subtilis to the mixture increased total gas production (TGP) and methane production, with the highest production observed after 48 h. However, it did not affect pH levels after 48 h. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that S. cerevisiae had significantly increased microbial protein and NH3‐N concentrations after fermentation without altering pH. Additionally, the addition of S. cerevisiae enhanced TGP and reduced methane emissions. It is worth noting that TGP increased because B. subtilis was added at a concentration of 20 × 106 CFU g−1, with no significant differences between concentrations. Therefore, we recommend adding S. cerevisiae and B. subtilis to the diet at doses of 8 and 20 × 106 CFU g−1, as it resulted in higher TGP and reduced methane emissions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace elements are essential nutrients for the growth and development of poultry and livestock, serving as components or catalysts for various enzymes in the body. They regulate life activities by controlling the synthesis and secretion of enzymes and have a significant impact on the production performance and product quality of animals. Zinc and manganese play crucial roles in the formation of eggshell, affecting its ultra-microstructure and thereby influencing eggshell quality. Selenium has the function of regulating the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance. Currently, the trace elements supplemented in production are mostly inorganic forms, which have low absorption and utilization rates, and excessive addition can lead to residue and environmental pollution. Organic trace elements have the advantages of high absorption rate and strong stability, and using organic forms of trace elements in feed instead of inorganic forms has become a trend. The article reviews the impact of trace elements on the production performance of laying ducks, aiming to provide a reference for the rational application of trace elements in the production of laying ducks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Methods Results Conclusion Anthrax is a World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)‐listed disease that must be reported upon confirmation based on the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Anthrax poses a serious health issue for unvaccinated livestock, is a threat to humans through interaction with contaminated livestock and animal products and is endemic in many areas throughout the world, including the Transcaucasian Region. Despite several control and eradication efforts that have been implemented by the government of the Republic of Armenia (RA), sporadic cases of anthrax are still reported. We sought to understand the epidemic situation of anthrax in RA during the last 10 years (2012–2023) based on analysis of outbreaks and reported cases in cattle and humans.We collected and evaluated officially reported data from human and animal cases, such as time, location, animal species, disease intensity and spread radius. The data and various parameters were mapped using ArcGIS to prepare a viable risk assessment.Based on the officially available data and reports, there have been 80 human cases and 55 animal cases of anthrax confirmed in RA from 2012 to 2023. We also identified the presence of anthrax spores in soil and environmental samples near animal burial sites in RA in 2015–2017 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Upon comparing the human and animal cases by frequency and intensity, the human cases are directly proportional to the animal husbandry practices performed in RA.The detection of the anthrax pathogen at the burial sites highlights the continued threat in these areas. Thus, it is imperative to secure and monitor any areas that have been used for anthrax burial and limit the movement of animals in these areas. In the future, legislation should be updated to prioritise incineration of anthrax‐infected carcasses instead of burial to limit further exposure to animals and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat, fish, and seafood are animal products that can be found in various forms in the human diet. In Western culture, there are trends to reduce meat consumption. This work was created to assess how various factors influence the fact that we like to eat meat, fish, and seafood. Exploring these relationships will contribute to our understanding of why dietary interventions for the above foods may be so difficult to implement in some groups of people. Two hundred eighty‐three people living in Poland took part in the study. An interview and olfactory tests were conducted together with assessments of food preferences from 25 types of food products. The extent to which sex, age, body mass index, tobacco addiction, and sense of smell influence 'meat, fish and seafood' consumption was assessed. Using the factor analysis, a coherent group of 'meat, fish and seafood' products was selected: beef, pork, veal, cured meats, poultry, fish dishes, and seafood. 'Meat, fish and seafood' was liked more by men, compared to women (B =.85; CI =.60, 1.10; t = 6.66, η2 =.14; p <.001), whereas other factors did not affect the preference of dishes from this group as a whole. A detailed analysis of each type of food separately showed, however, that not only is gender important, but fish is liked more by older people, and cured meats by people who identify odors more efficiently. When planning a diet change, including the products mentioned above, we should consider the sex and age of the person to whom the diet is addressed, because men declare a higher derived pleasure from eating various types of meat, fish, and seafood than women, while older people like fish more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat, chicken, eggs and milk are all important foods worldwide because of their energetic and nutritious constituents beneficial to human health. This review aims to analyze the results of the studies carried out on the contamination of these foods (meat, chicken, eggs and milk) by the toxic trace elements As, Cd and Pb in different countries, and to compare their values with the international regulatory limits. According to the data of the various studies analyzed, all the studied matrices have been contaminated with these toxic metals. The concentrations reported differ for each matrix according to their analyzed tissues, their geographical location, their age and the food types chosen. The concentrations involved also are highly dependent on the studied trace element. Most of the reported concentrations in these foods exceed the international regulatory thresholds. Therefore, it is important to perform regular monitoring studies for all these foodstuffs along with corresponding health risk assessment estimates as well as carrying out studies to better identify the origin of the high levels of these contaminants and seek solutions to prevent major human poisonings and to ensure the safety of these foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of farming communities worldwide to provide balanced diets for the growing world population is enunciated clearly in the second of the United Nation's sustainable development goals, namely 'End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture'. Success will be dependent on our ability to preserve the economic sustainability of livestock production in small-holder farming systems which will require regenerative approaches to reverse land degradation and retain biodiversity. Animal products are important components of world food baskets because their nutrient profile most closely resembles the dietary requirements of mankind. Key micronutrients, including iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12, zinc and iodine, are more readily available from animal-sourced foods, which are critical for a balanced diet for those with higher nutrient requirements such as growing children and pregnant and lactating women. The developing Asian economy of Laos, together with that of the Pacific Island nations of Vanuatu and Samoa provide some interesting contrasts in servicing the nutritional needs of their predominantly rural populations as their respective governments address the issues of undernutrition and hidden hunger. The paper explores some of the challenges that governments face in sustaining resilient animal production to supply essential nutrients for food baskets across our region. These include the broader contexts of resource availability, education, cultural traditions, socioeconomic status, gender equality and women's empowerment. The role of animal products in providing balanced diets to minimise nutrient deficiencies in the peoples of Laos, Vanuatu and Samoa is reviewed in this perspective. This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countries 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The animal product most used as a stimulatory additive for cell cultivation is still fetal bovine serum (FBS). Besides the ethical concerns regarding serum collection, the main problems of FBS are batch-to-batch variability and the resulting risk of lower reproducibility, the differences between species, the presence of undefined/unknown components, and the risk of contamination. In contrast, pig blood, which is a by-product of slaughter, is a sufficiently available and sustainable resource with a high degree of standardization in terms of donor age, weight, and genetics. The variations in preparations from pig slaughter blood seem to be comparatively low, and consequently, batch effects might be much smaller, suggesting that the reproducibility of the research data obtained may be increased. Our pilot study aimed to investigate, as a proof of concept, whether adult human and porcine stem cells of different tissue origins proliferate and differentiate adequately when FBS is completely or partially replaced by porcine serum (PS). We could show that the human and porcine stem cells were vital and proliferated under partial and full PS supplementation. Furthermore, using PS, the two cell types studied showed tissue-specific differentiation (i.e., lipid vacuoles as a sign of adipogenic or myotubes as a sign of myogenic differentiation). In conclusion, the pig slaughter blood–derived serum has promising potential to be a replacement for FBS in adult stem cell cultures. Therefore, it could serve as a basis for the development of new cell culture supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four methods with different cooling rates were applied to the tilapia freezing. • Volatile bases (TBV-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), microstructure were analyzed. • TBV-N, colors parameters and TBARS were statistically significant in all treatments. • Air blast and combined method altered less the texture of fillets after storage time. • Cryogenic freezing showed thermal stress, cracking and tissue quality damaged. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets were frozen with static air (SA) at -20 °C, air blast freezing (AF) at -25 °C, combined method (CM - immersion in liquid nitrogen followed by AF) and cryogenic freezing (CF - immersion in liquid nitrogen). The effects of different freezing methods and of storage time at -18 °C (0, 30, 60 and 90 days) on fillet quality were evaluated. The temperature records were obtained, and the freezing times were determined by monitoring the temperatures of the geometric centers of the fillets. For CF, CM, AF and SA, the freezing times were 5.32, 127, 146 and 268 min, respectively. The quality of the frozen fillets was evaluated by measuring pH, volatile nitrogenous bases (TBV-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and fatty acids and by obtaining a texture profile and performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples frozen by CF, after storage, had the highest levels of TBV-N because the high freezing rate produced superficial cracks that negatively affected the quality of the fillets. Freezing the samples with SA produced the worst quality indices and the microstructure was visibly damaged, with greater spaces between the fibers left by ice crystals. For all parameters evaluated, freezing with AF and CM resulted in fast freezing rates and better-quality tilapia fillets for 90 days of storage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processing is an inevitable step in the manufacturing of animal-based foods (ABF) and animal by-products (ABP). However, our society has reached a point where our food systems have reached unsustainable levels. The impact of ABF/ABP processing on sustainability has been arguably overlooked in comparison with production. This perspective paper aims to discuss and identify research gaps regarding the assessments of the sustainability of ABF/ABF processing. First, we describe why processing techniques can have various levels of complexity, with uses that are more or less impactful on the environment depending on the products and possible synergies. In the second part, we review how impacts on sustainability have been evaluated at global and local scales using life cycle assessments (LCA). To contribute to such an approach, we suggest novel or recently introduced types of indicators that would improve future LCA studies by capturing relevant information. In the third part, we encourage a systemic view of sustainability by considering the complexity of the whole supply chains of ABF and ABP. We highlight the current gaps or challenges in evaluating sustainability across supply chains and point the readers toward recent studies that address these limitations. We hope this perspective will help improve the design of academic and industrial studies or evaluation of ABF and ABP sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frying makes food tasty; therefore, most people prefer the intake of fried foods to unfried foods. Oil for frying is mostly used again due to cost, and this can pose health hazards to the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of reused frying oils. Methods: Twenty samples of reused oils collected from fried food vendors in May 2021. Using an experimental study, the samples were analysed and Peroxide, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Saponification, Iodine Values as well as rancidity and beta carotene were determined. Data from laboratory assays were analysed with Microsoft excel 2013 and SPSS v.26.0. Results: Moisture content was observed to decrease as median from 1.19% (0.20-4.04%) for oils reused after a day to 0.60% for oils reused after 2 days with a significant effect (pvalue= 0.049), indicating that the quality of reused frying oil was affected by repeated use. The moisture content was also observed to be higher in oils in which plant products were fried compared to those in which animal products were fried. The Peroxide Value was recorded as 16.80 (5.80-55.80) and 21.90 (11.50-32.30) mEq/kg for oils with 10-20 and 21- 40 min frying times, respectively; whilst their moisture content decreased from 0.97 (0.19- 2.55) to 0.68% (0.60-0.77%) for 10-20 and 21-40 min, respectively. The authors also observed that factors such as the duration of reuse and storage after frying, conditions of storage, type of food fried in the oil, and the period of frying per food batch impacted the quality attributes of the reused oils. The FFA composition for instance increased with the duration of use of the oils. Furthermore, oils stored in plastic bottles recorded higher FFA values compared to those stored in frying pans. Conclusion: The findings show the need for fried food vendors to reduce the duration of storage of reused frying oil, and avoid storage conditions that expose oils to excess light. Also, the development of quality standards for highly patronised oils needs to be established to ascertain the impact of low-temperature long-time and high-temperature short-time treatments of the oils among non-existent jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some animal defenders are committed to complete abstinence from animal products. However the strongest arguments for adopting veganism only seem to require that one avoid using animal products, where use or procurement of these products will harm sentient animals. As such, there is seemingly a gap between our intuition and our argument. In this article I attempt to defend the more comprehensive claim that we have a moral reason to avoid using animal products, regardless of the method of procurement. I argue that animal bodies give rise to properties which grant sentient animals' moral status and in light of this, animal bodies possess final value in themselves. This final value gives us a moral reason not to commodify animal bodies, which means we have a defeasible reason to abstain from using animal products in almost all circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An escalating consumption of animal products characterizes contemporary Western society, resulting in severe environmental consequences and heightened exploitation of animals. Among these issues, livestock production stands out as particularly detrimental due to its significant climate impact and land usage. Paradoxically, the Swedish organic food sector positions cattle as central to achieving sustainable food production. This article delves into the strategies employed by organic organizations to legitimize the consumption of cattle's meat and dairy. The aim is to examine how Swedish organic organizations produce knowledge of sustainability, and how these sustainability constructions are intertwined with anthroparchy, a system of power relations between humans and cattle. Furthermore, the study investigates how cattle's agencies and bodies are portrayed. Interviews, documents and media material from organic organizations in Sweden are analyzed to explore how carnism, norms of eating cattle's meat and dairy, is maintained. The analytical framework applied is rooted in critical animal studies and draws inspiration from Foucauldian discourse analysis, examining the interplay between power and knowledge. The findings reveal that certain environmental aspects are emphasized to reinforce the norm of keeping cattle for food production, while other dimensions are overlooked. Organic organizations represent cows as active subjects transforming their environment to legitimize their status as consumable commodities. The findings also show how carnistic norms limit the organic sector's ability to achieve environmental objectives. This study underscores how anthroparchy, the dominant power structures between humans and cattle, is reproduced in the Swedish organic context through sustainability discourses that emphasize the subjectivities of cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]