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In this paper, an unexplored solid solution (1-x)Bi(Cu1/2Ti1/2)O3-(x)PbTiO3 has been synthesized and characterized for its crystal structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties aimed at a selected composition, i.e., 0.30 Bi(Cu1/2Ti1/2)O3-0.70PbTiO3. The paper unveils the different synthesis approaches to achieve pure-phase in Pb-based perovskite-structured materials that are prone to produce impurities during synthesis. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern confirms a tetragonal crystal structure (P4mm) of the composition. The ferroelectric properties of the as-prepared composition are also discussed using P-E hysteresis and PUND characteristics. The composition shows a high Tc (480 °C) and low dielectric losses, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an unexplored solid solution (1-x)Bi(Cu1/2Ti1/2)O3-(x)PbTiO3 has been synthesized and characterized for its crystal structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties aimed at a selected composition, i.e., 0.30 Bi(Cu1/2Ti1/2)O3-0.70PbTiO3. The paper unveils the different synthesis approaches to achieve pure-phase in Pb-based perovskite-structured materials that are prone to produce impurities during synthesis. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern confirms a tetragonal crystal structure (P4mm) of the composition. The ferroelectric properties of the as-prepared composition are also discussed using P-E hysteresis and PUND characteristics. The composition shows a high Tc (480 °C) and low dielectric losses, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the functionalities of materials requires a profound understanding of the crystal structure. In this paper, room temperature crystal structures of a new solid solution (1 − x)Ba(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3-(x)PbTiO3 have been investigated in the entire compositional span and different crystallographic phases and phase coexistence regions have been discovered. The confirmation of the symmetry of these crystal structures has been done with the help of Rietveld analysis of the high-resolution XRD data. Despite both the end components, Ba(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 and PbTiO3, having tetragonal (P4mm) symmetry, new cubic and monoclinic phases have been discovered for the intermediate compositions with multiple phase boundaries. The composition region 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.55 exhibits a cubic crystal structure and increasing PbTiO3 concentration to 0.62 results in a unique coexistence of two tetragonal phases with different tetragonalities. This transformation is mediated by coexisting cubic and tetragonal phases, for 0.59 and 0.60. The crystal structure of the solid solution later transforms into coexisting monoclinic and tetragonal phases for a wider compositional span i.e., 0.65 ≤ x ≤ 0.85. This composition region is very fascinating, as two phenomenologically different monoclinic structures have been observed in it. Finally, a tetragonal phase at x = 1 is achieved through the mediation of two coexisting tetragonal phases, for the region 0.85 < x ≤ 0.975. The evolution of different crystallographic structures and the coexisting phases are critically comprehended using the variations in the lattice parameters and unit cell volume. The presence of multiple phase boundaries spread across a wide range of compositions makes this solid solution very intriguing and a viable choice for exploring different properties with compositional tuning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies permitted ‘Seasonal incidence of pod pest complex of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]’ were conducted during Kharif 2020-2021. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Seasonal incidence of pigeonpea against pod pest complex revealed that the maximum incidence of Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch), Clavigralla gibbosa (Spinola) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) was 5.33 maggots/plant, 7.53 bugs/plant, 5.20 larvae/plant respectively in the 9th SMW (1st week of March). Correlation of the pod pest complex and weather parameters revealed that the incidence of M. obtusa were showed the significant negative correlation with evening relative humidity (r= -0.669*), while the significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r= 0.614*) and sunshine (0.779*), the incidence of C. gibbosa showed non-significant negative correlation with the evening relative humidity (r= -0.401), while the significance positive correlation with sunshine (r= 0.782*) and the incidence of H. armigera showed significantly negative correlation with evening relative humidity (r= -0.591**) and significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r= 0.544**) and sunshine (r= 0.612*). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy and economics of different insecticides against Melanagromyza obtusa, Clavigralla gibbosa and Helicoverpa armigera infesting pigeonpea variety Bahar during Kharif 2020-21. Among all the treatments, Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 75g a.i./ ha provided better control of M. obtusa and C. gibbosa in terms of higher percent reduction in population over control, lower pod and grain damage and higher grain yield. Spinosad 45 SC @ 73g a.i./ ha was found to be most effective against H. armigera with minimum mean larval population (1.14 larvae/ plant), pod damage (5.20%) and grain damage (1.72%). All the treatments were statistically significant in increasing grain yield (i.e. 986.89 kg/ha to 1039.49 kg/ha) over untreated control (803.02 kg/ha). Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 75g a.i./ ha treatment was also most economical with maximum cost: benefit ratio of 1: 5.61. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theileriosis is an economically important haemoprotozoan disease of cattle caused by Theileria spp. It causes production losses and mortality in dairy industry. A total of 135 cattle suspected of theileriosis were screened based on clinical signs and blood smear examination (Giemsa's stain). Out of them, 64 animals were diagnosed with theileriosis. Twenty-four cattle out of them were selected and divided into four equal groups, viz., B, C, D, and E, each comprised of six animals for four different treatment protocols to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy, while group A of six healthy cattle served as control. The most common clinical findings of theileriosis infected cattle (n = 24) in descending order were anorexia (100%), dullness and depression, decreased milk production, weakness, salivation, enlarged pre-scapular lymph nodes, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, presence of ticks over the body, emaciation, nasal discharge, cessation of rumination, lacrimation, diarrhea and sternal recumbency (8.33%). The mean rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were 104.5 ± 0.33° F, 79.5 ± 2.85/min and 42.83 ± 2.67/min, respectively. The haematological findings revealed decreased values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocytes count (TEC), lymphocytes, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and increased values of neutrophils, eosinophils, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in theileriosis infected cattle as compared to healthy cattle. Biochemical findings revealed decreased values of total protein and albumin while increased total bilirubin, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in theileriosis-infected cattle. These altered haemato-biochemical profiles were found to be normalized by the 14th day in different treatment groups. The therapeutic efficacy of Buparvaquone 2 dose (Group B) and Buparvaquone plus Oxytetracycline LA (Group D) was better (100.00%) than the Arteether (Group C, 66.66%) and Arteether plus Oxytetracycline LA (Group E, 83.33%) in theileriosis infected cattle, hence may be advocated to the field veterinarians for effective treatment of theileriosis in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]