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Using the “crystal sponge” approach, weak organic electron donor molecules were impregnated and evenly distributed in a crystal of a metal–organic framework (MOF), with the self-assembly of the donor–acceptor pairs with electron acceptor ligands. The nanopores of the MOF confined them and induced a charge transfer phenomenon, which would not occur between donor and acceptor molecules in a bulk scale., A spontaneous entrapment of electron-donating small guest molecules, including tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMPDA), was realized in a structurally flexible metal–organic framework, {Mn7(2,7-AQDC)6(2,6-AQDC)(DMA)6}∞ (AQDC = anthraquinone dicarboxylates, DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide), with electron-accepting anthraquinone groups, generating two MOF guest charge transfer complexes: {Mn7(2,7-AQDC)6(2,6-AQDC)(DMA)6(TTF)5} and {Mn7(2,7-AQDC)6(2,6-AQDC)(DMA)4(H2O)2(TMPDA)7}. Using a mild impregnation procedure, single crystals of the target complexes were obtained via a crystal-to-crystal conversion, and the crystals were suitable for structural analysis. Single crystal X-ray analysis demonstrated the different arrangements of these intercalated donor molecules: some donor molecules interacted with the anthraquinone groups and formed infinite D–A–A–D stacks, some appeared beside the anthraquinone groups but only formed donor–acceptor pairs, and the remainder of the molecules simply filled the space. The charge transfer between the guests and the framework was spectroscopically confirmed, and the radical densities on the organic species were estimated using magnetic susceptibility measurements. Compared with a solid-state mixture of anthraquinone and donor molecules, the evenly distributed donor molecules in the micropores of the MOF resulted in a “solid solution” state and significantly promoted the degree of charge transfer between donors and acceptors. Such an encapsulation process may be adopted as a new strategy for post-modification of the electronic and magnetic properties of MOFs, as well as for generating new semiconducting charge-transfer complexes.

The structure of a glass obtained by the melt quenching of a two-dimensional (2D) coordination network was examined. X-ray analyses disclosed a 2D-to-0D structural transformation before and after glass formation. The mechanism is unique to coordination compounds, as it is characterized by labile and flexible coordination bonds.

In-plain pi(n-)n diodes were fabricated on n-type epitaxial 4H-SiC layer grown on a n-type 4H-SiC substrate. As a result of confocal photoluminescence measurements, two types of single photon sources were observed in n-type region of 4H-SiC pin diodes, International Union of Materials Research Societies, The 15th International Conference on Advanced Materials (IUMRS-ICAM2017)

The controlled generation of quantum centers in silicon carbide (SiC) is realized by focused proton beam in a noncomplex manner without need for pre- or postirradiation treatment. The generation depth and resolution can be predicted by matching the proton energy to the material’s stopping power, and the amount of quantum centers at one specific sample volume is tunable from ensembles of millions to discernible single photon emitters. The generated centers were identified as silicon vacancies through their characteristic magnetic resonance signatures and demonstrate that they possess a long spin−echo coherence time of 42 ±20 μs at room temperature.

Background: Chronic lung diseases can be treated successfully, by applying five phases theory to the symptoms of lung disease results for 3 situations: (1) excessive Liver qi injures Lung qi (rebellion) (c›¸a¾®oraa¾®), (2) Kidney deprives Lung qi through engendering route (child deprives mother qi (Kidney: child, Lung: mother (c›¸c”Ÿ), (3) Spleen deprives Lung qi through engendering route (Spleen: mother, Lung: child (c›¸c”Ÿ). Preventing lung disease then requires one or more of the following approaches: (1) restraining Liver qi (sometimes with supporting Lung qi), (2) giving qi to Kidney so it will not take qi from Lung, and (3) giving qi to Spleen so it will not take qi from Lung. Objectives: Applying Kampo or Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), can cure patients with pulmonary disease by restoring Lung qi in the following ways: (1) suppressing hyperactive Liver qi, (2) decreasing Lung qi stolen by Kidney through engendering Lung-Kidney route through supplementation of Kidney qi, (3) decreasing Lung qi stolen by Spleen through engendering Spleen-Lung route, through supplementation of Spleen qi. Methods: In one case, author prescribed formulas like Jia-wei-shao-yao-san (aŠ a‘³e€e¥ae•£), gan-mai-da-zao-tang (c”˜eo¦a¤§ae£—ae¹¯) or Si-ni-san (a››e€†ae•£) and others to soothe Liver to stop rebellion from Liver to Lung. In second case, author prescribed a Kidney-tonic formula like Ba-wei-di-huang-wan (a…«a‘³aœ°e»„a¸¸) so the Kidney would not deprive Lung qi. In the final case, the author prescribed a spleen-tonic formula like Chuan-si-jun-zi-tang (a–˜a››a›a­ae¹¯) to give qi to Spleen so the Spleen would not deprive qi from Lung. Results: In all three cases, lung symptoms such as cough, high susceptibility to colds and wheezing disappeared by prescribing the respective Kampo formulas mentioned above. Conclusions: Symptoms like cough, wheezing and user susceptibility caused by Liver rebellion Lung were prevented by soothing Liver with Jia-wei-shao-yao-san and gan-mai-da-zao-tang. In the Kidney invades Lung case, giving Qi to Kidney with Ba-wei-di-huang-wan resulted in recovery from Lung trouble. In Spleen invades Lung case, spleen-tonic formula, Chuan-si-jun-zi-tang cured the Lung disease. Discussion: Lung diseases are cured: (1) by restraining Liver qi with soothing Liver formula, (2) supplementing Kidney qi with warming Kidney formula and (3) supplementing Spleen qi-tonic formula so as not to deprive Lung qi. These findings suggest that in the Liver rebellion Lung, Lung qi is shunted from Lung to Kidney or from Lung to Spleen through the engendering route and that five phases theory has a physiologic regulatory correlate worthy of further investigation.

Aiming to minimize the interface state density, we fabricated MOS capacitors on n-type 4H-SiC by using wet oxidation of nitrogen implanted layers. We investigated a wide range of implantation dose, including a high dose able to amorphise a surface SiC layer with the intent to reduce the oxidation time. The oxide quality and the SiO2-SiC interface properties were characterized by capacitance-voltage measurements of the MOS capacitors. The proposed process, in which nitrogen is ion-implanted on SiC layer before a wet oxidation, is effective to reduce the density of interface states near the conduction band edge if a high concentration of nitrogen is introduced at the SiO2-SiC interface. We found that only the nitrogen implanted at the oxide-SiC interface reduces the interface states and we did not observe the generation of fixed positive charges in the oxide as a consequence of nitrogen implantation. Furthermore, the concentration of the slow traps evaluated from the Slow Trap Profiling technique was low and did not depend on the nitrogen implantation fluence.