University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education (CSHE), Steven Brint, and Komi Frey
Abstract
In this essay, we explore the consequences of the University of California's policies to address racial disparities and its support for social justice activism as influences on its commitment to academic freedom and other intellectual values. This is a story of the interaction between two essential public university missions -- one civic, the other intellectual -- and the slow effacement of one by the other. The University's expressed commitments to academic freedom and the culture of rationalism have not been abandoned, but they are too often considered secondary or when confronted by new administrative initiatives and social movement activism related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). The experimental use of mandatory DEI statements on a number of the ten UC campuses, within willing academic departments, as initial screening mechanisms in faculty hiring is the most dramatic of the new administrative policies that have been put into place to advance faculty diversity. This policy can be considered the most problematic of a series of efforts that the UC campuses and the UC Office of the President have taken for more than a decade to prioritize representation in academic appointments. Our intent is to encourage a discussion of these policies within UC in light of the University's fundamental commitments to open intellectual inquiry, the discovery and dissemination of a wide range of new knowledge, and a culture of rationalism.
Columbia University, Community College Research Center (CCRC), Veronica Minaya, and Nicolas Acevedo
Abstract
The guided pathways model, comprising 14 different practices, is a framework for comprehensive, whole-college reform undertaken by community colleges to help all students choose, enter, progress through, and complete a program of study that enables them to secure sustaining-wage employment or transfer with junior standing in a major. Since its introduction in 2015, it has been adopted by hundreds of community colleges across the United States. This paper asks whether guided pathways practices implemented at 62 community and technical colleges in three states--Tennessee, Ohio, and Washington--are associated with improvements in student outcomes during the first year of college. Specifically, using institutional survey and rich administrative data, we construct measures of adoption of guided pathways reforms to examine the association between guided pathways practices and fall-to-fall persistence, college credits earned, college math credits earned, and STEM credits earned. Our study reveals substantial variation in the adoption of guided pathways reforms across the states and across community colleges within the states over time. While we cannot establish a causal relationship between guided pathways adoption and student outcomes, we find significant positive associations between the statewide adoption of guided pathways reforms and early student outcomes in Tennessee. The observed improvements in that state are likely the result of concurrent reforms--guided pathways and others--implemented simultaneously, rather than of guided pathways reforms alone. We do not find evidence of improved student outcomes in either Ohio or Washington following the launch of statewide guided pathways initiatives. Our findings suggest that complementarities among adopted practices within and across areas of practice--rather than the adoption of individual practices or the intensity of adoption--seem to drive larger improvements in early academic success across the three states. Our study is the first of its kind to explore the potential of guided pathways reforms in contributing to improved early academic success, representing a significant descriptive contribution given that whole-college reforms in higher education are understudied.
History of engineering & technology, metal additive manufacturing, analytical model, temperature prediction, FEA, melt pool geometry, sustainability, bimetallic object, cutting force, uncertainty, machining power, precision injection molding, quality control, process monitoring, process fingerprint, product fingerprint, flexible abrasive tools, finishing, rounding edge, superalloys, coordinate metrology, on-machine measurement, ball dome artefact, calibration, machine tool, additive manufacturing, laser powder bed fusion, process optimization, orthogonal cutting, brittle materials, cohesive elements, nickel-based superalloys, high temperature mechanical properties, creep resistance, fatigue, SLM, AlSi10Mg, post treatment, residual stress, surface roughness, discrete element method, seed cracks, meso-micro machining, micro abrasive-waterjet technology, stacking cutting, micro milling, taper compensation, flexure, subtractive machining, additive machining, micrograph
Abstract
Summary: The Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) aims to provide an international forum for the documentation and dissemination of recent, original, and significant research studies in the analysis of processes, equipment, systems, and materials related to material heat treatment, solidification, deformation, addition, removal, welding, and accretion for the industrial fabrication and production of parts, components, and products. The JMMP was established in 2017 and has published more than 300 contributions. It has been listed in the ESCI, Inspec (IET), and Scopus (Elsevier). In celebration of the anniversary of the JMMP, the Editorial Office has put together this Special Issue, which includes several representative papers that reflect the vibrant growth and dynamic trend of research in this field.
Technology: general issues, Chemical engineering, atropisomerism, 4,4'-bipyridine, pyridine N-oxidation, halogenation, halogen bond, cyanation, Finkelstein reaction, Suzuki coupling, Orchis, scent, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, solid-phase microextraction, quantum chemistry, computational chemistry, molecular dynamics, modeling, open-source software, proprietary software, Himantoglossum, solid phase microextraction, iodination, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl carbonyls, elemental iodine, iodides, Zutano variety, avocado oil, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, volatiles, ripening, over-ripe, HS-SPME-GC-MS, Basilicata, Barlia robertiana, Himantoglossum robertianum, mantel test, Orchidaceae, pollination syndrome, Italy, volatile compounds, solvolysis, aryldiazonium ions, perchlorate anions, silicon carbide (SiC), 3C-SiC powder, 4H-SiC crystal, impurities, photoluminescence, pnictogen bonding, nitrogen as pnictogen bond donor, geometries, crystal structure analysis, ICSD and CSD database analyses, MESP characterizations, sum of the van der Waals radii concept, Dactylorhiza, volatile organic compounds, thiosemicarbazone, metal complexes, DNA interactions, biological activity, thiazolidinedione, microwave synthesis, compound library, rosiglitazone, Knoevangel condensation, biodiesel production, crude glycerin, carbon materials, n/a
Abstract
Summary: This book represents a collection of contributions in the field of the synthesis and characterization of chemical compounds, natural products, chemical reactivity, and computational chemistry. Among its contents, the reader will find high-quality, peer-reviewed research and review articles that were published in the open access journal Compounds by members of the Editorial Board and the authors invited by the Editorial Office and Editor-in-Chief.