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The article is devoted to the activities of E. Renyard and her organization «London Bible and Domestic Female Mission». The reasons for the appearance of the mission, the features and directions of activity, the importance in solving the problems of pauperism are analyzed. It is emphasized that the movement was not so much ecclesiastical as socio-economic in nature. The author notes the special role of E. Renyard. She formulated the goals, objectives, principles of the organization. Renyard shared the idea that saving the inhabitants of the slums from poverty and degradation is possible without revolutionary reorganization of society, but through the personal efforts of the poor. The conditions for improvement were familiarization with Christianity, teaching a rational vision of the economy, and moral education. To create a favorable environment for the transformation of the inhabitants of the slums, «Bible women» distributed the texts of the Holy Scriptures among them, improved their lives by teaching women how to cook, clean, needlework, economical housekeeping, selling household items on installments. The article points out that women were the main object of activity of biblical scholars because of their social vulnerability and the decisive role in maintaining family foundations and raising children. Renyard hired for the purposes of the mission believing representatives of the working classes, who knew from their own experience the needs of residents of disadvantaged areas. Work in the mission provided them with a salary, education, and contributed to an increase in social status. Particular attention is paid to the first «Bible woman» – Marian, who carried out a number of important programs to improve the lives of the poor. The organization of biblical women received the support of society, the practice spread throughout the country and the world. The author comes to the conclusion that thanks to the efforts of Renyard and her mission, thousands of paupers were able to improve their lives, get rid of vices, become respectable citizens of the country, and evangelization on other continents contributed to the spread of Christian values around the world.

This article presents a quantitative balance of the material provision of primary schools in the Province of São Paulo during the 19th century. Using a historical approach and anchored in the constructs of Cultural History, different aspects constituting the meaning of documents were analyzed from a discursive and dialogical point of view, such as laws, decrees, inventories of materials and reports from teachers, inspectors and presidents of the Province, which made it possible to identify the furniture, equipment and teaching materials that were offered to schools in São Paulo in the 19th century. With this, the material conditions of these schools are problematized, discussing the artifacts that teachers and education inspectors requested from the government in order to put São Paulo's elementary instruction into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Páginas. Revista digital de la Escuela de Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario is the property of PAGINAS Revista digital de la Escuela de Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the development of traditional cattle breeding of the Kalmyks at the beginning of the XIX century. Based on the instructions of commanders on the Caucasian line and civil governors to provide information on the state of cattle breeding among nomadic peoples. Information is given on the state of Kalmyk cattle breeding (on the dynamics of prices for cattle and cattle products in the ulus, etc.). It should be noted that the increase in the number of sheep in comparison with other types of livestock indirectly indicates the transition to semi-sedentary cattle breeding due to the fact that small cattle, unlike large ones, are incapable of long transitions. In addition, depending on the natural and climatic conditions, Kalmyk cattle breeding acquired subethnic specificity when the economy of Derbet and Torgut ulus began to differ in the predominance of horses among some and sheep among others. At the same time, judging by the figures, some Aimags maintained a nomadic lifestyle, and some led a semi-nomadic lifestyle, which is clearly seen by the number of camels belonging to those clans that still roamed. A striking indicator of the departure from a nomadic lifestyle to semi-sedentary and sedentary is the increase in the goat population in the personal household of Major Tyumen Jirgalan. The article also discusses the issues of the species composition of Kalmyk cattle on the example of the Torgut ulus in the early 19th century. The Russian government was interested not only in the number of Kalmyk cattle, but also in their loss (death) due to the harsh conditions of the nomads’ natural habitat, despite the fact that local livestock breeds were maximally adapted to the difficult natural and climatic conditions of the arid territory. The Russian government was also interested in this information, so that it would be clear how much the number of Kalmyk cattle could decrease in the event of a particularly unfavorable winter or epizootic.

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicación (RIHC) is the property of Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicacion, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Respectus Philologicus is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By presenting the main features of Hungary’s cultural and educational policy in the 1920s, the government’s search for a path and its view of the completely changed economic and political situation in the new country can be vividly described. The government tried to find a way out of the national shock caused by the Treaty of Trianon by trying to improve the quality and quantity of education and culture, but without wanting to give up revenge. This bipolar process of vacillating between past and future was led by Count Klebelsberg, who, as Minister of Education, headed the Ministry for Religion and Popular Education. Klebelsberg consciously took over these responsibilities, having a precise idea and knowledge of the ministry’s work. Through his activities and speeches we can learn a lot about the zeitgeist, the most important currents in politics and humanities, most importantly what people thought about the Treaty of Trianon and how they dealt with it. It must also be emphasized that his influence and the spirit of the era can still be felt today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spain, in the first decades of the 19th century, the national education system was organized. With the evolution of this process, the administrative and academic order was consolidated, with the creation of different institutions at the state and provincial level; among them, the Normal Schools for the training of female teachers. This article analyzes the initial training of female teachers in the Canary Islands, identifying with names and surnames the first qualified teachers in the 19th century. The Public Instruction Law (1857) recommended establishing centers for their training, however, in the Canary Islands a Normal School for Female Teachers was not established until the beginning of the 20th century. The students learned to teach from practice, with other teachers who taught them the trade. The first qualified female teachers in the Canary Islands were through the free education regime at the Normal School of Teachers of Las Palmas or La Laguna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconstructs the history of Milan’s Secondary School for Girls, with the dual aims of documenting its founding and subsequent evolution and more generally of shedding light upon female education in the second half of the nineteenth century. Set up in the immediate aftermath of Italian Unification, this school’s innovative and independent character (given that it was not regulated by the central State but rather stemmed from an initiative by Milan City Council) meant that it mirrored the broader elements of transformation, continuity, and resistance to change that shaped women’s education over the period in question. The analysis presented here goes beyond the local perspective to address trends at the national and transnational levels also. It begins with the founding of the school in 1861 and ends in the late 1890s, when the institute introduced Latin, albeit as an optional subject, so that graduates might be eligible for admission to the Foreign Languages and Literature Section of the Teacher Training School at the Scientific and Literary Academy of Milan. The research draws on print sources that have not been fully examined to date, along with archival material that has yet to receive in-depth scholarly scrutiny. It is not confined to the analysis of institutional history, but also draws out the corresponding educational models, documenting the gradual process of change whereby women in that era sought not only to complement their primary schooling but also to train for the intellectual occupations then accessible to females. The focus is therefore on the educational curriculum and subjects offered by the school and schoolwork produced by the pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handicrafts understood as an educational activity combining hands-on practice with aesthetics, appeared in Polish public schools after World War I on the wave of social and educational changes initiated at the turn of the 20th century. In the interwar years, the problems of teaching handicrafts in public schools were described, among others, in publications of one of the largest teachers’ organizations in Poland, the Polish Teachers’s Union (ZNP). To trace the scope of topics related to handicrafts covered in the ZNP periodicals, the author conducted a library search of titles published between 1927 and 1939. These were: «Roboty ręczne» [«Handicrafts»] (1927-1928), «Roboty Ręczne i Rysunki» [«Handicrafts and Drawings»] (1929-1933), «Rysunki i Zajęcia Praktyczne» [«Drawings and Practical Classes»] (1933-1934), and «Rysunek i Zajęcia Praktyczne» [«Drawing and Practical Classes»] (1934-1939). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to show the presence of thematic ordering in Spanish teaching materials in the United States, the construction of a textual series and its evolution over time, and the contribution of teachers, lexicographers, and grammarians to the history of linguistics. The vocabularies ordered by designative domains composed by Nicolas Gouin Dufief, by Edward Barry, by F. F. Moritz Foerster, by the author of ¿Habla Vm. Español?, by Luis Felipe Mantilla, by Antonio Ramos Díaz de Villegas and by Alfred Ronald Conkling constitute an interesting contribution to the history of Spanish in the US that has yet to be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presented article analyzes the system of church law within the framework of the canonical heritage of the eminent pre-revolutionary researcher Nikolai Semenovich Suvorov (1848–1909). Being an Honored Professor of Church Law at the Imperial Moscow University, N. S. Suvorov is considered one of the founders of church legal science in the Russian Empire. The apogee of Nikolai Semenovich Suvorov’s research activities dates back to the last quarter of the 19th century. This time is certainly associated with the flourishing of the domestic science of church law. Suvorov’s textbook “Course of Church Law” was reprinted many times, and its historical and canonical monographs were evaluated by the theological and academic community at the level of leading Western European analogues. N. S. Suvorov authored a myriad of printed works, including dozens of monographs and textbooks, as well as hundreds of specialized articles and reviews in the field of church law. The author of this article tried to systematically reflect the church-canonical views of N. S. Suvorov. Nikolai Semenovich Suvorov is an exponent of two most important trends that characterize the complex process of formation of the pre-revolutionary domestic discipline of church law. Firstly, that is the attribution of the science of church law not in the field of theological competencies, but within the framework of jurisprudence. Secondly, the construction of a domestic system of church law based on classical examples of Western European Canon Law. Thus, the main feature of N. S. Suvorov’s research approach lies in the construction of a legal system of church law, conditioned by the methodology and principles of Western Canonology. The scientific novelty of the presented article lies in the fact that despite in-depth historical and canonical research, N. S. Suvorov remains the least studied thinker among the galaxy of pre-revolutionary canonists. Fundamental monographs by N. S. Suvorov on the history and ontology of church law are of enduring importance for modern church legal science.

The article highlights the issues of Kalmyks overcoming the consequences of the destruction of the nomadic system after the liquidation of the Kalmyk Khanate in 1771, which caused the massive ruin of Kalmyk nomadic families. In the 19th century, the policy of the Russian administration was aimed at the sedenterization of the Kalmyks, as well as the resettlement of peasants from the provinces of the Central Chernozem region to the Kalmyk steppe, which made it impossible for the traditional pastoral life support system of the Kalmyks to function due to the reduction of pasture territories. Since the second half of the XIX century. The Kalmyk population began to apply new adaptive strategies for survival, which led to the development of measures to adapt cattle breeding to the adverse conditions of “land famine”. The essence of this innovative strategy was the transition to semi-nomadic cattle breeding, depending on geographical and ethnocultural factors. The main measures to intensify cattle breeding among the Kalmyks were the construction of hydraulic structures for the extraction of groundwater on the routes of nomads, the construction of shelters for livestock, as well as hay harvesting in winter areas. Among other things, the above-mentioned adaptation strategy made it impossible for large ethnic groups to roam together and led to their fragmentation into smaller ones in order to be able to roam in small tribal groups in a small territory within their ulus. At the same time, all the innovations that occurred in Kalmyk cattle breeding during the second half of the XIX century. as part of the adaptation strategy, although they helped the Kalmyk people survive, they could not ensure its stable development. This semisedentary form of cattle breeding turned out to be vulnerable to any natural disasters in conditions of constant lack of water supply and lack of access to hayfields

Franz Tappeiner (1816, Laas – 1902, Merano) was an Austrian physician and anthropologist. He studied at the universities of Prague, Padua and Vienna and in 1846 he moved to Merano. Tappeiner investigated the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis in animal models and he dealt with public health. As an anatomist, he performed thousands of craniometrics measurements, creating a huge skull collection later donated to the Natural History Museum in Vienna. In 1878, Tappeiner turned to archeology and palaeoanthropology, with the aim of clarifying the origins of the Alpine population of Tyroleans. He was also active as a botanist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antônio Muniz de Souza (1782-1857) was a black letter born in ancient Brazil and who, throughout the first half of the 19th century, traveled through the backlands of the Empire. As a result of these experiences as traveler, in 1843 he published the book “Maxims and thoughts”, a work in which he presented some guidelines for the conduct of men who were interested in traveling around the country. Based on the mobilization of this historiographical source, this article has at its core understanding the conception of black letter regarding the role attributed to travelers in a country that was in the process of building its autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Constitucional is the property of Revista Historia Constitucional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Procesos Historicos is the property of Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ferdinando Coletti, Rector at the University of Padua in 1872-1873 and a full professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, delivered his inaugural academic year speech Della Università e de' suoi studi, which was published in 1880, but little known, at the lecture hall in the University of Padua on November 19th, 1879. This article analyses the inaugural speech, which is divided into six paragraphs: the first two are about the history of Italian universities in comparison with the European ones in general and the other four are devoted to a reflection on medical training and the disciplines into which the contemporary study system of the medical faculties is divided. The nodal point of this analysis is represented by clinical teaching in its various declinations and it becomes the field in the speech where medical-scientific, cultural, pedagogical, political and civil instances find a ground for comparison and synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a transnational approach, the research analyzes the origins of the first Italian schools in Buenos Aires, inaugurated in 1867 by the Italian Mutual Aid Association (IMAA) Unione e Benevolenza and Nazionale Italiana. The article focuses on the following questions: Why were the schools founded? Who supported this project and why? What were the political-educational models of reference? The first part reflects on the migratory and institutional context of the foundations; the second describes «nationalistic» and «instrumental» theories on the origins of the schools, and the third section analyses the issue through hitherto unexplored sources from various Italian and Argentine archives. The foundations are situated at the intersection of the Risorgimento ideality of the IMAA founders, their efforts to build a homogeneous «Italian colony» led by them, and the lack of public schools in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Nineteenth century the education of the deaf and mute in Turin is characterized by the presence of three institutions: the school of the lay Giovanni Battista Scagliotti, founded in 1819; the Royal Normal School promoted in the Carlo-Albertina age (between 1831-1849); the Institute started by Don Lorenzo Prinotti in 1881. The history of these institutions, deeply intertwined, is affected by the influence exerted by the political context and the choices made in the educational and welfare fields. The comparison on the didactic level emerges the contrast between two different models: one elite, based on the exclusive use of the word; the other accessible to all thanks to the use of gestures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan Manuel Ballesteros is a national and international reference for special education in the 19th century. The article analyzes his contribution to one of the axes of educational inclusion, of which he was a forerunner: teacher training. Specifically, it presents its proposal for training the teachers of the Colegio Nacional de Sordomudos y de Ciegos de Madrid (National College of the Deaf and Mute and the Blind of Madrid), through the creation of the Academia de Profesores (Teachers' Academy). Secondly, a national training plan for teachers in charge of general instruction, which would be taught through the Escuela Superior Normal (Higher Normal School). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to present the history of education of deaf-mutes in Italy, with particular reference to the work of Tommaso Pendola. Father Pendola, in fact, was among the main protagonists of the education of deaf-mutes in Nineteenth-century in Italy. He founded an institute in Siena in 1828 to give physical, moral and pedagogical assistance to boys and girls from all over Italy. After tracing the history of the Institute for the Deaf and Mute in Siena, the contribution aims to highlight how the work of the educator revives in the public school memory through busts, gravestones and monuments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution intends to present the life, work and educational thought of Severino Fabriani. The priest was an important and undisputed protagonist of the education of the deaf and dumb in Modena in the first half of the nineteenth century (1822-1849). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Hermenéutica is the property of Hermeneutic - Revista Digital de Arte, Critica y Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The cultural category of sinfulness is widely represented in the literature of the 19th century, in particular in the books of A. de Custine “Russia in 1839” and T. Gauthier “Journey to Russia”. The culturological study A. de Custine’s and T. Gautier’s works seems relevant, since the first underlies the background ideas of Europeans about the culture of Russia and it is the basis of permanent myths, and the second belongs to the pen of a famous French writer and arouses the interest of numerous modern scientists. In addition, the works written in the same era represent the presentation of the opposing views of the authors, which provides valuable material for analysis. It is also important to identify and study morphological units of cultural knowledge on a specific material, ensuring its preservation and translation. The aim of the work is to analyze the facts of objectification of the cultural category of sinfulness in the works of A. de Custine “Russia in 1839” and T. Gautier “Journey to Russia” (published in 1867). The main methods of research were the method of continuous sampling from the text of books of fragments and sayings correlated with the idea of sin and the cultural category of sinfulness itself, the method of observing the facts of objectification of cultural categories, the structural and functional method of unit analysis. The results of the work were the analysis of the selected units correlating with the concepts (understood as structural parts of the category) of sin and holiness. In the book of A. de Custine, in describing Russian culture, the concepts of such sins as pride, envy, sloth are objectified. In T. Gautier’s work is represented the concept of holiness in connection with the author’s image of “holy Russia”.

The article, through the activities of the English philanthropist E. Brenton, examines the problem of pauperization of the population of Great Britain in the 19th century, the causes of pauperization, the consequences and solutions are clarified. The results of the analysis of narrative sources and scientific literature are presented, reflecting the difficult socio-economic situation in the country and the activities of E. Brenton aimed at improving the lives of the poor and their children. The philanthropist notes the relationship between industrialization and the growth of unemployment, linking this with the displacement of man from the productive sphere by mechanisms. He rightly condemns the deep property differentiation of society, the unfair wages of workers, the system of enclosures that deprived the peasants of their land. Brenton saw the devastating consequences of pauperization in the spiritual degradation of people, the criminalization of the lower classes, the growth of crimes among minors. His articles criticize the existing system of helping the poor, workhouses, noting that they temporarily alleviated the situation of the poor and encouraged parasitism. E. Brenton developed ways to solve problems based on Christian spiritual values and the Christian principle of tireless work as "God's work". The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the eradication of poverty was utopia, with the help of the de-urbanization of the poor population of cities, the allocation of land in rural areas, the refusal to use mechanisms in the production of products. The program to save children from the city's slums was more realistic. E. Brenton rightly establishes the relationship between ignorance and the growth of deviations among minors. Its goal is to create a system of crime prevention through education, where the habits of hard work, order and Christian virtues were instilled in children. The paper considers the implementation of tasks through the "Society of Children's Friends" and schools. The author believes that the institutions of E. Brenton, where students received knowledge, religious, labor education, mastered professions, were effective in preventing delinquency and shaping the moral lifestyle of poor children, despite the failures in the implementation of the plan for labor emigration of minors to South Africa.

El final del siglo XIX fue un periodo cambiante para la población rural de Iparralde y se produjo la fusión de dos mundos simbólicos. La “modernidad” no hizo desaparecer las tendencias y los valores propios de la cultura popular. Por el contrario, debemos entender el encuentro de estos dos mundos simbólicos como una “negociación”, en la que la cultura popular logró desenvolverse dentro de ese proceso. Asimismo, la población rural estaba abierta a nuevas mentalidades provenientes del exterior. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es, precisamente, ofrecer una imagen general de los recursos con los que la población rural afrontó estos tiempos tan cambiantes. Ipar Euskal-Herriko populazio landatarrarentzat XIX. mendearen bukaera garai aldakorra izan zen eta bi mundu sinbolikoen uztarketa gertatu zen. “Modernitateak” ez zuen kultura herrikoiak berezkoak zituen joerak eta baloreak desagerrarazi. Aitzitik, bi mundu sinboliko horien topaketa “negoziazio” baten moduan ulertu behar dugu, kultura herrikoiak prozesu horren barruan moldatzea lortu baitzuen. Halaber, populazio landatarra kanpotik zetozen pentsamolde berriei irekia zegoen. Lan honen helburu nagusia da, hain zuzen, landa-eremuko biztanleriak garai aldakor horiei aurre egiteko erabili zituen baliabideen irudi orokor bat eskaintzea. The 19th century was a changing period for the rural population of the Northern Basque-Country. Modernity did not erase the customs and values of the Basque popular culture. We should understand the encounter of these two symbolic worlds as a kind of negotiation instead since the popular culture managed to adapt to this process. In addition, the rural population was open to new forms of thought that were not necessarily of their own. The main objective of this work is, therefore, to provide a general picture of the resources that the rural population used to go through those changing times.

The subject of this study is Lira Popular in Chile, printed and distributed between 1866 and 1930. It was a publication halfway between literature and journalism, constituting a differentiated and autonomous communicational practice that can be considered a primary source through which to know the world visions and representations of the popular sectors in Chile at the turn of the century, beyond distinction worker – massive. The majority research in this area is one-dimensional studies conducted in response to questions the researchers themselves have prioritized. Instead, the question driving this study is: how to access the content of popular printed poetry in a way in which subjects, topics, and the inherent hierarchical relationships emerge from the very own sources? Through a content analysis, the main finding is an internal consistency on concerns and topics in the works of different poets, showing persons of popular origins acting and thinking politically, both within and outside the modern enlightenment, used as a guide to the concept of absent popular culture. The conclusions aim to the manner in which these findings can contribute to a theory popular culture and their subjects in the context of modern Latin America [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text proposes to recover the main debates that involved the implementation of navigation routes in Pará in the second half of the 19th century, with emphasis on the experiences on the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers. For this we are using a set of documentation produced by the provincial and Imperial administration, as well as the annals of the Brazilian parliament. The perspective is to develop an analysis that perceives the institution of regular steam navigation as an action that seeks to promote economic development and the promotion of the settlement of the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Trabajos y Comunicaciones is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Res Historica is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intus-Legere Historia is the property of Intus-Legere Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rise of national literature during the Restored Republic, Justo Sierra adhered to the romantic and liberal guidelines propagated by Altamirano in such publications as El Renacimiento. However, with the arrival of Porfirio Díaz to power, Sierra’s literature turned to positivism. In this article, the change from the “romantic” Sierra into the “positivist” Sierra is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes the inventory as a literary strategy in the nineteenth-century French novels Bouvard et Pécuchet by Flaubert (1881) and À rebours by Huysmans (1884). We argue that the authors adopt the inventory process to determine the main characters’ identities in the lack of a proper plot line. For the petty-bourgeois Bouvard-Pécuchet couple, life is a plotless repetition of something ever new to do; for the sophisticated aesthete des Esseintes, it is a plotless repetition of what he wants to go on being. In comparing the two texts, we establish a reversal symmetry between depth and surface. Des Esseintes’ inventories (flowers, perfumes, books, gemstones) are presented as solid and deeply meditated, their narrative status relating to categories like mastering, intimacy, and distillation. In contrast, Bouvard and Pécuchet’s inventories sound precarious and spontaneous, relating to categories like naivety, extraneity, and cluttering. The same reversal symmetry is also found when comparing the ending of the two novels when their protagonists’ fates are decided. Taking inventories as a critical part of the social negative of the era, the two novels represent the pathological poles of the same generational malaise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes that the extensions of the Tepeyac cemetery and the Collegiate Church of Guadalupe carried out in the 19th century shaped the modernization of the sanctuary following European models. The goal was turning the Ville of Guadalupe into a massive religious and cultural pilgrimage site. However, the imitation of foreign patterns produced technical, admi- nistrative, and economic hardships. Drawing on archives, caricatures and press this paper analyzes the urban effects of these projects. The sources point out that infrastructures and pilgrims threatened the water system, the sanitation, the security, and railways; furthermore, they triggered corruption and socio-spatial segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)