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Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an eye care protocol (ECP) on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This study utilized a randomized controlled design. Participants were patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the ICU (36 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group). The experimental group received an ECP, while the control group received standard eye care, starting the day after admission, for a duration of 10 days. The ECP classifies the degree of eyelid obstruction into three stages based on the degree of exposure to the lower eyelid conjunctiva and cornea. The protocol included cleansing with normal saline gauze, administering eye drops, applying silicone and polyurethane films, and recommending consultation with an ophthalmologist if necessary. The effectiveness of ECP was assessed by analyzing tear volume, hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0, employing the Mann-Whitney U-test and generalized estimating equations. Results: On day 5, the experimental group demonstrated a significant increase in tear volume in both eyes compared with the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of hyperemia, chemosis, and eye discharge on days 5 and 10 of the intervention. Conclusion: The application of the ECP in this study increased tear volume in ICU patients, thereby reducing discomfort caused by dry eyes. It has the potential to prevent complications such as damage to the surface of the eyeball resulting from decreased tear volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the efficacy and mechanism of Guben Mingmu granules combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of xerophthalmia after cataract phacoemulsification based on inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods: 150 patients with xerophthalmia after cataract phacoemulsification admitted to Hainan Ophthalmology Hospital from March 2021 to August 2022 were divided into observation group (guben mingmu granules combine with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, 75 case) and control group (sodium hyaluronate eye drops, 75 cases) according to the random number table method. The efficacy, safety, eye-related indicators, inflammatory factors, symptom scores and oxidative stress levels were compared between two groups. Results: After treatment, compared with control group, the total clinical effective rate in observation group was higher, the tear secretion test (SIt) and tear film rupture time (BUT) were higher; the dryness, foreign body sensation, visual fatigue symptom scores and total scores were lower; the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were lower; malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) were lower, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of guben mingmu granules on the basis of sodium hyaluronate eye drops for xerophthalmia after cataract phacoemulsification, which can alleviate the symptoms of xerophthalmia, and improve the total clinical effective rate, it may be relate to the regulation of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Enfermería is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of sodium hyaluronate eye drops on tear film stability and tear secretion in patients suffering from rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (RGPCL)-associated xerophthalmia. Methods: 88 patients treated at Shangrao Aier Eye Hospital, China with RGPCL-associated xerophthalmia were enrolled in this study from May 2021 to May 2022. They were randomly and equally divided into two groups: a study group (treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops) and a control group (treated with meibomian gland massage). Tear secretion parameters (lacrimal river width, Schirmer I test (S1t), tear fluid lysozyme content), tear film stability indicators (tear film break-up time, tear film thickness, corneal fluorescein staining score), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: Following the treatment, study group exhibited significantly improved tear secretion compared to control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, tear film stability indicators significantly improved in study group after treatment, accompanied by a reduction in corneal fluorescein staining score (p < 0.05). Although both groups showed decreased OSDI scores after treatment, the reduction was more substantial in study group. Additionally, the therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse reactions were superior in study group compared to control group. Conclusion: The use of sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of patients with RGPCLassociated xerophthalmia enhances tear secretion, and improves tear film stability and therapeutic outcomes, leading to a reduction in ocular surface disease index and the incidence of adverse reactions. However, this treatment strategy warrants a large-scale clinical trial prior to application in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the clinical significance of Ro52 protein/tripartite motif-containing 21 antibody and specific antinuclear antibody patterns using indirect immunofluorescence technique. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the clinical laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, and comprised data from January 2017 to December 2021 of patients who underwent antinuclear antibody and anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibody detection. Inpatients with Ro52 antibody-positive status were taken as the cases, while anti-Ro52 negative patients with clear clinical diagnosis were taken as the controls. Data was analysed using SPSS 19. Results: There were 1802 cases and 1211 controls. Positive Ro52 showed significantly greater frequency in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory myositis, dry eyes and interstitial lung disease (p

Introduction: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, obtained through diet. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children in developing countries due to impaired intake (Phanachet el. 2018). Nevertheless, it is uncommon in the developed world where malabsorption takes a prominent role. Case description: A fifty-one-year-old female presented complaining of foreign body sensation, pain, tearing, fluctuating visual acuity, nyctalopia, diarrhea, polyphagia and weight loss. She had history of Roux-en-Y gastro-jejunal bypass, Lynch syndrome and right hemicolectomy with ileo-colonic anastomosis, she also referred to an additional unspecified bowel resection. In the ophthalmologic examination, best corrected visual acuity was 20/30, intraocular pressure was 11 mmHg in both eyes. Anterior segment biomicroscopy revealed a dry and thickened conjunctiva with wrinkles, multiple grey-white small, round, confluent, foamy lesions in the interpalpebral conjunctiva of both eyes, compatible with Bitot’s spots, and superficial punctate keratitis. Discussion: The rise of bariatric surgery, inflammatory bowel disease and end stage liver disease has led to an increase in cases of malabsorption syndrome and nutrient deficiencies in the developed world. Retinoids are essential for corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells differentiation and its deficiency is associated with a wide spectrum of ocular surface manifestations known as xerophthalmia. In this case, a gastric bypass and another unspecified bowel resection should raise the suspicion of malabsorption and nutrient deficiencies. In our patient, the diagnosis was made early and appropriate treatment was implemented before irreversible damage arose, however, vitamin A deficiency can be easily overlooked. Conclusion: In patients with xerophthalmia, interrogation should include previous history of gastrointestinal surgery, especially since bariatric surgery has become a popular technique. This is, to our knowledge, the first case report of xerophthalmia in a patient with Lynch syndrome.

Xerosis is one of the common dermatological problems. Preparations recommended for daily care of dry skin are emollients. Emollient preparations demonstrate a moisturizing effect, they soften and smoothen the skin, keep water in the epidermis, supplement lipids of skin upper layers, and protect from external harmful agents. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize emollients containing natural emulsifier Olivem 1000 as topical delivery systems for urea or sodium hyaluronate. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the designed formulations were evaluated. Moreover, an ex vivo adhesion study on hairless murine skin as a model of adhesive layer was conducted and an in vivo preliminary assessment of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was performed. The prepared emollient formulations were characterized by a smooth consistency, were easily spreadable on the skin surface, and showed no phase separation. Formulations containing xanthan gum as a thickening agent were characterized by higher viscosity, hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness values. The prepared emollients showed thixotropic properties and were classified as non-Newtonian shear thinning systems. All prepared emollients demonstrated bioadhesive properties. The TEWL analysis showed that the greatest decrease in the TEWL value was noted in the case of an emollient containing sodium hyaluronate, which was applied to a person with skin described as in very poor condition. The results of the conducted research indicate that the developed emollients containing natural emulsifier Olivem 1000 seem to be a promising form of care preparations for topical use in the case of chronic skin dryness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between vitamin A, retinol activity, and eye health has been briefly elucidated. Based on certain reports, vitamin A and retinol activity can help overcome vitamin A insufficiency i.e., xerophthalmia. The present review assesses vitamin A sources, ß-carotene and ß-cryptoxanthin in vitamin A metabolism, retinol and xerophthalmia, and new application of vitamin A in mitigating xerophthalmia. Vitamin A and its precursors are sensitive, and could lose their biological activity when exposed to light or oxygen. In this context, encapsulation may act as a protection strategy for enhancing vitamin A's biological functions under adverse conditions. With the belief that vitamin A and retinol activity have a long-term association with xerophthalmia, the present review discusses the relationship between vitamin A consumption and its precursors, as well as the physiological effects of vitamin A on xerophthalmia. In conclusion, further research using free and encapsulated forms of vitamin A to prevent vitamin A deficiency and manage xerophthalmia should be emphasised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose The aim of this work was to investigate the association between anticholinergic burden or anticholinergic drug use and xerostomia and/or xerophtalmia in elderly through a systematic review of the published literature. Methods A search was carried out in 3 databases (CINAHL, Embase and Pubmed). Studies conducted in people ≥65 years of age, who took anticholinergic medications, and measured the association between the anticholinergic burden or the use of these medications with the prevalence of xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia, published up to August 2022, were selected. Studies published in languages other than Spanish and/or English were excluded. Results One thousand two hundred eleven articles were identified, 10 were selected for this review: six cross-sectional studies, two cohorts, one case-control and one randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 3535 patients included in the different studies were studied. The most used scales were the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS) and the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS). Four articles studied the relationship between the use of anticholinergic medication and the prevalence of xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia, finding a positive relationship with xerostomia in all of them. Another 6 measured the relationship between anticholinergic burden and xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia. Four found a positive relationship between anticholinergic burden and xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia. Conclusions Our findings suggest a clear relationship between the use of anticholinergic drugs or anticholinergic burden and the presence of xerostomia. This relationship was less conclusive in the case of xerophthalmia.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory dermatosis, It results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that lead to defects in the skin barrier and an inappropriate immunological response. Kaposi varicelliform eruption or eczema herpeticum is a viral infection, caused mainly by reactivation of HSV-1 that affects about 3% of patients with AD. The objective of our study is to identify the characteristics of our atopic patients who developed eczema herpeticum. Material and methods: We conducted a prospective study that collected all cases of Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption in our patients with atopic dermatitis over a period of 2 years. Results: 10 children, with an average age of 26 months and a sex ratio of 0.6. Personal or family history of atopy was reported in 7 patients. As for disease severity, 2 patients had severe AD and the rest had moderate AD. Clinically, an acute presentation of the eruption was found in all our patients with an average of 3 days. A fever was reported in 5 patients associated with irritability. Typical vesicles were found in 8 children, with a herpetiform grouping in 5 children, erosions and crusts were reported in 7 children. All our patients had xerosis, erythematous squamous eczematous plaques were reported in 6 patients. Concerning the location of the lesions, facial involvement was observed in 7 children. Cytodiagnosis of Tzanck was performed in 3 children. We reported the application of a traditional treatment a few days before the onset of the herpetic superinfection in 8 children. We also found associated bacterial superinfection in 6 children. All our patients were hospitalized and received an intravenous treatment. Conclusion: early identification of patients at risk of viral complications would be important to develop effective prevention strategies and to develop new therapeutic options targeting components of the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the effect of combined use of sodium hyaluronate and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on xerophthalmia in elderly patients after cataract surgery, as well as levels of serum inflammatory factors. Methods: A total of 84 elderly patients diagnosed with xerophthalmia after phacoemulsification were retrospectively studied. The patients comprised two groups: control group consisting of 40 patients given basic therapy using anti-inflammatory drugs and sodium hyaluronate eye drops (1 drop 3 times a day), and combination group (n = 44) who additionally received rhEGF. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in tears were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After 4 weeks of treatment, clinical efficacy was assessed. Results: There was significantly higher clinical efficacy in the combination group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The values of tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer test (Sit) in both groups increased significantly with time, while fluorescein corneal staining (FL), symptom score, and expression levels of IL-6, hs-CRP and TNF-α significantly decreased (p < 0.05). At 2 weeks and 4 weeks of therapy, the combination group had higher values of BUT and Sit than the control group (p < 0.01). However, FL value, symptom score, and levels of IL-6, hs-CRP and TNF-α were significantly lower in the combination group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Sodium hyaluronate, in combination with rhEGF, improves treatment efficacy in elderly xerophthalmia patients after operation, reduces inflammatory reactions, and enhances disease alleviation. However, a multi-center prospective study will be required to validate the findings of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate the association between anticholinergic burden or anticholinergic drug use and xerostomia and/or xerophtalmia in elderly through a systematic review of the published literature. Methods: A search was carried out in 3 databases (CINAHL, Embase and Pubmed). Studies conducted in people ≥65 years of age, who took anticholinergic medications, and measured the association between the anticholinergic burden or the use of these medications with the prevalence of xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia, published up to August 2022, were selected. Studies published in languages other than Spanish and/or English were excluded. Results: One thousand two hundred eleven articles were identified, 10 were selected for this review: six cross-sectional studies, two cohorts, one case-control and one randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 3535 patients included in the different studies were studied. The most used scales were the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS) and the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS). Four articles studied the relationship between the use of anticholinergic medication and the prevalence of xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia, finding a positive relationship with xerostomia in all of them. Another 6 measured the relationship between anticholinergic burden and xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia. Four found a positive relationship between anticholinergic burden and xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a clear relationship between the use of anticholinergic drugs or anticholinergic burden and the presence of xerostomia. This relationship was less conclusive in the case of xerophthalmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops in the treatment of dry eye after phacoemulsification.Methods: Medical records of 188 patients with dry eye after phacoemulsification, treated in our hospital from August 2020 to August 2021, were included and divided into groups based on the type of dry eye treatment. Patients in the control group (n = 90) were treated with tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops. Patients in the test group (n = 98) were treated with sodium hyaluronate, tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops. The tear secretion test (TST), film rupture time (BUT), corneal fluorescence staining (FS) score, levels of interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α before the treatment and at 1 month follow-up, the overall total effective rate and the number of completely cured cases were compared between the two groups. Multiple linear regression was used to calculate coefficients for predicting clinical variables. Ordinal logistic regression was used to compute coefficients and odds ratios for predicting effective scores.Results: The total effective rate in the observation group (99%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (80.00%). After the treatment, the TST and BUT indexes of the observation group were higher compared to the control group, and the FS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group. TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the observation group were lower compared to the control group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the differences in the effective rate and clinical variables between the two groups remained significant after adjusting for the effect of age.Conclusion: A combination of sodium hyaluronate, tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops for the treatment of dry eye after phacoemulsification can improve the curative effect, reduce corneal fluorescein staining and inflammatory factor index levels compared to the treatment regimen lacking sodium hyaluronate eye drops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zabih Ur Rahman Roheen, Mirwais Saleh, Tawfiq Ahmad Mushkani Ophthalmology Department, Kabul University of Medical Science, Kabul, AfghanistanCorrespondence: Mirwais Saleh; Tawfiq Ahmad Mushkani, Tel +93786637018 ; +93799123501, Email dr.mirwaissaleh465@gmail.com; tawfiqahmadmushkani@gmail.comBackground: Keratomalacia refers to an ocular destructive dryness of the cornea that results from severe vitamin A deficiency. It is an ocular condition, usually affecting both eyes. It affects infants, children and women of reproductive age. In developing countries, vitamin A deficiency in the diet and associated keratomalacia are a major cause of childhood blindness.Purpose: To report the clinical finding of a patient with bilateral keratomalacia arising from severe vitamin A deficiency from a malnourished diet.Patients and Methods: Case report.Results: A two-year-old female with severe malnutrition presented with 3 weeks of watering and tonic blepharospasm affecting the right and left eyes. She exhibited trichomegaly, severe weight loss, abnormal hairs with complete corneal melt in the right and left eyes and inflamed iris tissue in the right eye. She was treated with high dose vitamin A, but the right eye required evisceration and tarsorrhaphy was done in the left eye.Conclusion: The visual morbidity associated with xerophthalmia secondary to vitamin A deficiency can be devastating. Diet-induced vitamin A deficiency is prevalent in developing and war-torn countries. A good history taking and review of systems are valuable in evaluating malnourished patients with corneal melt.Keywords: keratomalacia, xerophthalmia, vitamin A deficiency

Dysfunction and damage of the lacrimal gland (LG) results in ocular discomfort and dry eye disease (DED). Current therapies for DED do not fully replenish the necessary lubrication to rescue optimal vision. New drug discovery for DED has been limited perhaps because in vitro models cannot mimic the biology of the native LG. The existing platforms for LG organoid culture are scarce and still not ready for consistency and scale up production towards drug screening. The magnetic three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting (M3DB) is a novel system for 3D in vitro biofabrication of cellularized tissues using magnetic nanoparticles to bring cells together. M3DB provides a scalable platform for consistent handling of spheroid-like cell cultures facilitating consistent biofabrication of organoids. Previously, we successfully generated innervated secretory epithelial organoids from human dental pulp stem cells with M3DB and found that this platform is feasible for epithelial organoid bioprinting. Research targeting LG organogenesis, drug discovery for DED has extensively used mouse models. However, certain inter-species differences between mouse and human must be considered. Porcine LG appear to have more similarities to human LG than the mouse counterparts. We have conducted preliminary studies with the M3DB for fabricating LG organoids from primary cells isolated from murine and porcine LG, and found that this platform provides robust LG organoids for future potential high-throughput analysis and drug discovery. The LG organoid holds promise to be a functional model of tearing, a platform for drug screening, and may offer clinical applications for DED.

Abstract Background To determine the effect of sodium hyaluronate combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on clinical symptoms and inflammation in patients with newly diagnosed xerophthalmia after cataract surgery. Methods A total of 106 patients who underwent cataract surgery and were newly diagnosed with xerophthalmia in our hospital between June 2018 and August 2019 were enrolled. Of these, 50 patients who were treated with sodium hyaluronate (0.1%) were assigned to the monotherapy group (MG) and the remaining 56 patients who were treated with sodium hyaluronate (0.1%) combined with rhEGF (20 μg/ml) were assigned to the combination group (CG). The 2 groups were compared based on ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, break-up time (BUT), fluorescein corneal staining level, Schirmer I test (SI) level, clinical efficacy (disappearance of typical symptoms, including eyes drying, burning sensation, foreign body sensation, etc), and interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and clinical efficacy. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to analyze the predictive value of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in efficacy on xerophthalmia. Results: After treatment, the CG showed reduced OSDI score compared with the MG. The CG showed increased BUT (s) and SI (mm) levels compared with MG. After treatment, the CG exhibited decreased levels of IL-1(ng/mL), IL-6 (ng/mL), and TNF-α (ng/mL) compared with the MG. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were negatively correlated with clinical efficacy. The areas under the curves of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were 0.801, 0.800, and 0.736 respectively. Conclusions Sodium hyaluronate combined with rhEGF is helpful to alleviate clinical symptoms and inflammation in patients with xerophthalmia undergoing cataract surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops in the treatment of dry eye after phacoemulsification. Methods: Medical records of 188 patients with dry eye after phacoemulsification, treated in our hospital from August 2020 to August 2021, were included and divided into groups based on the type of dry eye treatment. Patients in the control group (n = 90) were treated with tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops. Patients in the test group (n = 98) were treated with sodium hyaluronate, tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops. The tear secretion test (TST), film rupture time (BUT), corneal fluorescence staining (FS) score, levels of interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α before the treatment and at 1 month follow-up, the overall total effective rate and the number of completely cured cases were compared between the two groups. Multiple linear regression was used to calculate coefficients for predicting clinical variables. Ordinal logistic regression was used to compute coefficients and odds ratios for predicting effective scores. Results: The total effective rate in the observation group (99%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (80.00%). After the treatment, the TST and BUT indexes of the observation group were higher compared to the control group, and the FS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group. TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the observation group were lower compared to the control group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the differences in the effective rate and clinical variables between the two groups remained significant after adjusting for the effect of age. Conclusion: A combination of sodium hyaluronate, tobramycin, dexamethasone, and pranoprofen eye drops for the treatment of dry eye after phacoemulsification can improve the curative effect, reduce corneal fluorescein staining and inflammatory factor index levels compared to the treatment regimen lacking sodium hyaluronate eye drops.

PurposeIn this article, we introduce a novel flow chart-based screening tool for the categorization of contact lens-induced dryness (CLIDE) and its impact on daily visual activities: the Berkeley Dry Eye Flow Chart (DEFC).MethodsOne hundred thirty (130) experienced soft contact lens wearers discontinued lens wear for 24 hrs, passed a baseline screening and eye health examination, completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) then were dispensed fresh pairs of their habitual lenses. After 6 hrs of wear, subjects were administered a battery of symptom questionnaires, and underwent non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT) measurement, grading of distortion in reflected topographer mires, grading of lens surface wettability, and a fluorescein examination of the ocular surface. Subjects returned after at least 48 hrs and repeated all assessments after 6 hrs of wear of a second fresh pair of habitual lenses.ResultsThe repeatability of the DEFC between visits was within 1%, and Limits of Agreement and Coefficient of Repeatability were comparable to those of the other CLIDE assessments. Higher DEFC score was significantly related to shorter pre-lens NITBUT, higher OSDI score, and higher Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ratings of average and end-of-day severity and frequency of dryness (all p < 0.001). For CLIDE as diagnosed based on DEFC score, the highest sensitivities and specificities were achieved by the OSDI and VAS ratings; pre-lens NITBUT exhibited good sensitivity but poor specificity. The optimum pre-lens NITBUT diagnostic threshold was found to be ≤ 2.0 sec for debilitating CLIDE, and the OSDI threshold was ≥ 11.4.ConclusionsThe DEFC provides a means of quickly categorizing CLIDE patients based on severity and frequency of symptoms, and on the degree to which symptoms impact daily life. The DEFC has several potential advantages as a CLIDE screening and monitoring tool, has good repeatability, and is significantly related to commonly employed clinical assessments for CLIDE.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AIM: To explore the efficacy of Qiju Dihuang decoction combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of xerophthalmia after cataract surgery.METHODS: A total of 120 patients with xerophthalmia after cataract surgery admitted to our hospital were selected between January 2018 and January 2020, and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops alone, and the observation group was given Qiju Dihuang decoction combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, and they were treated for 1mo. The clinical efficacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndromes scores, tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), corneal fluorescein staining(FL)and quality of life [25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)]were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:After treatment, the total effective rate of treatment was 93% in observation group and was 75% in control group(P

Abstract Background Superficial eye disorders are one of the most common complications of improper eye care in intensive care units that can lead to corneal ulcers and permanent eye damage. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of eye care protocol on the incidence of infection and superficial eye disorders in patients admitted to intensive care units. Methods This study was a cross-over clinical trial that was performed on 32 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with reduced or no blink reflex following loss of consciousness or receiving sedatives. The eye of the test group received eye care according to the protocol and the eye of the control group received the routine care of the ward. The data collection form included demographic and clinical information and the clinical score scale of superficial eye disorders, which were completed in 7 days for both eyes. Data analysis was performed by McNemar and Cochran tests with a 95 % confidence interval. Results In the study of superficial eye disorders, the frequency of dacryorrhea and hyperemia was not significantly different in the second to seventh days in the control and test eyes (P

AIM: To investigate the effects of fluorometholone combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of xerophthalmia and the influence on inflammatory factors in tears. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in 116 patients(232 eyes)with xerophthalmia who were treated between February 2017 and December 2019. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 58 cases(116 eyes)in each group. The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the observation group was treated with 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops based on the treatment for the control group. Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)scoring was carried out before treatment and after 2wk and 4wk of treatment. The tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SⅠt)and corneal fluorescent staining(FL)scores were measured. The tear meniscus height(TMH)and noninvasive keratograph tear breakup time(NIKBUT)were determined by eye surface comprehensive analyzer. Conjunctival impression cytology was performed to determine epithelial cell grading score and goblet cell density. Levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β), interleukin -6(IL-6)and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)in tears were determined. Meanwhile, efficacy and safety were evaluated.RESULTS: The overall response rates of the observation group and the control group were 94.8% and 82.8%(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Fluorometholone combined with sodium hyaluronate can significantly improve clinical symptoms as well as tear film stability in patients with xerophthalmia, which may be related to regulating effect on ocular surface inflammatory factors.

Vitamin A deficiency is highly prevalent and remains the major cause of nutritional blindness in children in low-and middle-income countries, despite supplementation programmes. Xeropthalmia (severe drying and thickening of the conjunctiva) is caused by vitamin A deficiency and leads to irreversible blindness. Vitamin A supplementation programmes effectively reduce vitamin A deficiency but many rural children are not reached. Home food production may help prevent rural children's vitamin A deficiency. We aimed to systematically review trials assessing effects of home food production (also called homestead food production and agricultural interventions) on xeropthalmia, nightblindness, stunting, wasting, underweight and mortality (primary outcomes). We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and trials registers to February 2019. Inclusion of studies, data extraction and risk of bias were assessed independently in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis, sensitivity analyses, subgrouping and GRADE were used. We included 16 trials randomizing 2498 children, none reported xerophthalmia, night-blindness or mortality. Home food production may slightly reduce stunting (mean difference (MD) 0.13 (z-score), 95% CI 0.01 to 0.24), wasting (MD 0.05 (z-score), 95% CI −0.04 to 0.14) and underweight (MD 0.07 (z-score), 95% CI −0.01 to 0.15) in young children (all GRADE low-consistency evidence), and increase dietary diversity (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.24, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.34). Home food production may usefully complement vitamin A supplementation for rural children. Large, long-duration trials with good randomization, allocation concealment and correct adjustment for clustering are needed to assess effectiveness of home food production on nutritional blindness in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Xerosis cutis is characterized by a decreased stratum corneum (SC) hydration and an impaired skin barrier function. Urea, the most prevalent natural moisturizing factor (NMF), is currently considered the gold standard. Its efficacy can further be increased by combining urea with other NMF and skin barrier lipids (SBLs). Objective: We set out to evaluate physiological effects of a novel functional moisturizer containing 10% urea, additional NMF components, and a combination of SBLs on skin hydration and skin barrier integrity on a cellular and phenotypic level in female volunteers suffering from xerosis. Methods: Two double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies were conducted. In the first study, 44 female subjects having very dry body skin applied the moisturizer or its vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms. Twenty-four hours after a single product application as well as 24 h after 2 weeks of treatment, SC hydration was measured by corneometry. Skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss 24 h and 48 h after 2 weeks of regular use. Twenty-four hours after 2 weeks of application, skin tape stripping was performed, and urea content was determined in the 3rd strip by means of high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. In the second study, 22 women with self-reported very dry skin applied the moisturizer or vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms for 2 weeks. Then, suction blister samples were obtained for gene expression analysis using RT-PCR. Results: Application of the actives led to significantly improved skin hydration and barrier function at all points in time. Compared to the vehicle, application of the moisturizer for 2 weeks resulted in a significant increase in SC urea content. Relative gene expression data revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with skin barrier function, hydration, differentiation, and lipid metabolism compared to the vehicle-treated area. Conclusions: Overall, our data demonstrate that the functional moisturizer provides an adequate bioavailability of urea and a beneficial biophysical impact on xerotic skin. Topical treatment with a combination of urea and additional NMF as well as SBL can modify mRNA expression of important epidermal genes stimulating cellular processes and functions. The well-tolerated novel functional moisturizer stimulates molecular mechanisms involved in skin hydration and barrier function and is a profoundly effective treatment option for xerosis cutis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]