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This research focuses on the study of rock art found in the Jordanian Harrah, specifically comparing it to a notable artifact at the Jordan Museum. The museum's artwork depicts a woman playing the flute, which can be dated to the period between the second century BC and the second century AD. The stone bearing this art features a distinctive Safaitic inscription that includes the verb "Zamra," meaning "a flute player." The research aims to compare this artwork with other examples, exploring their historical significance and the ways they are interpreted within the museum context. It also examines how visitors perceive this rock art as part of the broader narrative of the Jordanian Harrah. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of musical instruments and rock art in understanding Jordan's cultural heritage. The final objective of this study is to emphasize the importance of interpreting and presenting the stories of these artifacts in the museum. By doing so, the research seeks to convey the correct messages to museum visitors, enhancing their understanding and appreciation of Jordan's rich cultural legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents ten Greek inscriptions that were recently discovered in the Jordanian ḥarrah. The discoveries were made during the 2018 and 2023 seasons of the Badia Epigraphic Survey (BES). This paper adds to an ever-growing corpus of Greek inscriptions that attest to the use of and experimentation with Greek, seemingly by nomadic communities. A second set of inscriptions demonstrates the penetration of Christianity into the Syro-Arabian desert at a later date, with the use of Christian formulae, onomastics, and crosses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Badia Epigraphic Survey (BES) Project was launched in 2015 by Ali Al‐Manaser and Michael C. A. Macdonald and, with two gaps, has been conducting annual surveys in the ḥarra of north‐eastern Jordan ever since. The 2023 survey, like that of 2018, set out to rediscover the cairns at the border between the ḥarra and the ḥamād at which, in the late 1950s, Professor Fred V. Winnett and Gerald Lankester Harding (WH) discovered over 4000 inscriptions. The purpose was to identify the WH cairns by the inscriptions on them, to give them exact locations using Global Positioning System and to photograph all the inscriptions, most of which WH had had to record in hand copies. In the process, numerous inscriptions at other cairns were also recorded, as well as large numbers of modern Arabic inscriptions carved in the 65 years since the WH expedition. This article describes some of the finds made, gives the exact locations of the WH cairns rediscovered and discusses some of the interesting ancient and modern inscriptions and drawings which were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the current time, turning to historical facts is a matter of great significance for the public life of Kazakhstan. It is known that in the Middle Ages the rich heritage of the Qypchaks, who had founded the Desht-i-Qypchak state in Eurasia and contributed to world civilization and culture, was written in different alphabets at certain periods of history. Historical documents, written in Armenian graphics in Qypchak, are based on knowledge of religion, literature, history, law, philosophy, natural sciences and talk about the political, economic, historical and cultural spheres of the life of the ancient state. Since the 20th century, the Armenian-Qypchak heritage, has been the subject of in-depth study by scientists, and, published in foreign academic editions, transcribed, supplemented by dictionaries and translations, its secrets are being revealed day by day. The term «Armenian-Qypchak» was introduced by scientists, and the life and cultural ties of the medieval Qypchaks and Armenians became the basis for their research. Today there is a need for more detailed study of the linguistic features through comparative analysis of the Armenian-Qypchak heritage set out in different genre texts.

Copyright of Adab Al-Basrah is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The structure of micromycete communities in the library aerial environment was investigated in 57 Russian cities located in seven federal districts (Northwestern, Central, Southern, Volga, Ural, Siberian, and Far Eastern). A total of 107 micromycete species belonging to 41 genera were isolated and identified. Due to mostly similar conditions, the aerial ecosystem of internal spaces of the library storage facilities was relatively stable, with moderate diversity and high evenness, as was confirmed by the relevant indices: the Shannon index varied from 2.7 to 3.4, the McIntosh diversity index, from 22.7 to 140.8, and the Menhinick index, from 2.1 to 3.0. The Simpson's dominance index and the Berger–Parker index did not exceed 0.11 and 0.24, respectively. The McIntosh and Pielou's evenness indices were 0.71–0.78 and 0.79–0.85, respectively. High similarity of the taxonomic structures, independent of climatic conditions of the studied regions, was revealed, as was confirmed by the values of the Stugren–Radulescu and Morisita–Horn coefficients: 0.08‒0.77 and 0.04‒0.47, respectively. The typical members of the studied mycobiota were Aspergillus versicolor (7.5‒14.3), Cladosporium cladosporioides (17.5‒40.5), C. herbarum (0.8‒53.6), and Penicillium aurantiogriseum (6.5‒32.4). Most other species were scarce, with frequencies of occurrence not exceeding 7.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carvings presented here were discovered during the second (2017) field season of the Badia Epigraphic Survey (BES), in Wādī Swīʿad, which is located in al-Ḥarrah approximately 34 km to the southeast of aṣ-Ṣafawī (H5) and stretches for 13 km and is approximately 820 meters above sea level. This article presents some examples of Rock Art that appear next to the inscriptions and provide us with two new personal names (grmry and hnʾmt), as well as with new Safaitic verb (ḫwr "he became weak or feeble" and wyl "Woe to!") and the adverb dhr (dahran "forever"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo se interroga por los usos sociales de la escritura en un museo provincial de bellas artes del litoral argentino a mediados de siglo XX, a partir de diferentes aportes de los estudios históricos sobre cultura escrita. El estudio interrelacionado de objetos bibliográficos, ephemera, escrituras expuestas, autógrafas y epigráficas permite identificar y constituir como objeto de análisis diferentes prácticas y artefactos escriturales. A partir del estudio de un caso particular, el artículo caracteriza diferentes tipologías de lo escrito para analizar su apropiación por parte de un grupo social. Esos usos son contextualizados a la luz de la emergencia de formas diferenciales de valoración de lo escrito en medios gráficos de comunicación y en la cultura institucional del museo a mediados de siglo XX. Las particularidades de un museo de arte permiten observar desde un enfoque singular la insistencia de imaginarios que vinculan a la inscripción escrituraria con la expresión de la individualidad y con la conservación de nombres ilustres en la memoria colectiva. Junto con ello, el estudio pone de relieve la noción de patrimonio escriturario, entendido como un dispositivo conceptual que permite dar cuenta de forma unitaria e integral de los objetos escritos conservados en un museo = This article examines the social uses of writing in a provincial museum of fine arts on the Argentinean area known as Litoral in the mid-twentieth century, based on different contributions from historical studies on written culture. The interrelated study of bibliographic objects, ephemera, exhibited writings, apparatus and auto-graphs allows us to identify and constitute different writing practices and artefacts as an object of analysis. From the study of a particular case, the article characterizes different typologies of writing and analyses their appropriation by a social group. These uses are contextualized in the light of the emergence of differential forms of valuing writing in the graphic media and in the institutional culture of the museum in the mid-twentieth century. The particularities of an art museum allow us to observe from a singular perspective the insistence of imaginaries that link written inscription with the expression of individuality and the preservation of illustrious names in the collective memory. The study also highlights the notion of written heritage, understood as a conceptual device that makes it possible to give a unitary and integral account of the written objects preserved in a museum.

This paper presents some of the new Safaitic inscriptions that were found in 2022 in one of the branches of Wādī al‐Khuḍarī, which is in al‐Ḥarrah approximately 35 km to the northwest of al‐Ruwayshed (H4). Two of these inscriptions bear an attestation for the verb ṣlb, meaning 'to crucify'. This is the fourth appearance of that verb in Safaitic inscriptions. The verb is thoroughly discussed in this study since the topic of crucifixion in the context of Safaitic epigraphy is of particular interest and has been the subject of scholarly dispute. The present research also provides an explanation for some geographical terms that are used by local residents and researchers to refer to the locations of the inscriptions. Apart from the philological analysis of these selected texts, the paper presents an overview of the 'Badia Epigraphic Surveys' (BES) project, which was launched by Michael C. A. Macdonald and Ali Al‐Manaser in 2015, and aims to redocument the inscriptions and rock art from the Jordanian Ḥarrah region. As a part of this project, five survey seasons have been conducted so far. During these surveys, nearly 400,000 images from the Jordanian Badia were photographed. These include images of the inscriptions and images of the sites where the texts were found. Some of these images are a redocumentation of inscriptions that were previously reported by various researchers, and some of the images contain new inscriptions that will be added to the 'Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of Ancient North Arabia' (OCIANA) database. It is important to note that soon after the launch of the BES project, interest in the Jordanian Badia region began to increase, and many epigraphic and archaeological surveys have been conducted in this region. Furthermore, the Jordanian government has recently registered the Jordanian Ḥarrah region on the Tentative List of World Heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Jerba Libraries Project (JLP) was an initiative carried out between 2019 and 2021 to document and digitize private and public collections of Arabic manuscript and early print collections on the island of Jerba, Tunisia. In this article, we present the project's aims, its achievements, and the obstacles it faced for those considering embarking on similar projects. We also use the example of this project to argue that manuscript documentation and digitization projects like it must speak to local actors, both engaging and benefitting them. We begin by explaining the origins of the project's pilot in 2017. In addition to generating a methodology for documenting and digitizing textual materials, the pilot allowed the project team to establish connections and build a reputation on the island that was important for acquiring local supporters and participants. We describe the methodology itself as followed in JLP, including some of the challenges faced by the team. To make the results of the project more concrete, we offer some quantitative data on its outcomes and a short qualitative example. We close with the perspectives of different team members on the impact and politics of projects like the JLP: public engagement, the labor behind the production of the images, the users of the images, and the knowledge produced from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At different stages of the development of civilization, the languages that could make the transition to the new technologies of science and communication have flourished and developed. The article discusses several conceptual issues dedicated to the issue of the continuity of Armenian written culture and introduces the steps towards the digitization of Armenian, both taken and anticipated. Armenian written culture, from epigraphy to the present state, is the result of the concerted efforts of scientists who are dedicated and deeply aware of the challenges thrown by time and their supporting governors and businessmen. We must create conditions so that our language gets the opportunity to adapt to the changes dictated by the environment and new media and promote it to develop in the new digital conditions of communication because it is the direct repository of our linguistic consciousness and self-awareness. In the first part of the article, parallels are drawn between the Industrial Revolution and the stages of written culture development. The second part presents the projects and initiatives that have been launched toward the digitization processing of the Armenian language and corpora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Librorum is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Making public knowledge pertaining to Buddhist culture proves important and topical enough due to the steady growth of global significance attributed to East and Central Asia. Therefore, insights into monuments of Buddhist heritage represented in vast collections of Russia — at advanced academic and technological levels with an emphasis on the active use of digital technologies — shall yield solutions to quite a number of sociocultural development problems, and strengthen positions of our nation in Asia’s geopolitical environments. Goals. The study aims at analyzing the current state of the art in digitization of Tibetan Buddhism’s written heritage and assessing some promising AI related technologies development trends. Materials and methods. The study provides a comparative analysis of activities by the Buddhist Digital Resource Center (BDRC) consortium, an oldest and most successful initiatives operating since 1999, for advanced approaches in this field. The use of artificial intelligence methods to solve the problem of creating a machine-readable text corpus of Buddhist writings and machine translation is considered as a promising direction. Results. The work discloses key principles of digitization and representation of written monuments implemented on the new digital platform BUDA (Buddhist Digital Archives), shows effectiveness of the underlying IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework) and LOD (Linked Open Data) architectures. The efforts to assess artificial intelligence technologies prospects included a pilot study on the use of ‘deep learning’ neural network methods to create an experimental model for optical recognition of Tibetan characters which yielded a result of 94 % of recognized characters. This lays a foundation for flow-line decoding of Tibetan-language scans and creating a comprehensive corpus of Buddhist writings in a machine-readable format, which offers the challenge of developing new efficient digital textual tools. Conclusions. The integration of existing and promising approaches allows for a digital transformation of Buddhist written traditions, the latter to open new functioning forms and development opportunities in the contemporary world backed with a possibility to reveal the cultural and intellectual potential of Buddhist civilization for modern society to the full.

Purpose: This study aims to design and implement a comprehensive database of the written heritage of science and technology in the Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST) and determine the metadata elements required to describe the manuscripts. Method: This research was carried out by the content analysis method to identify the metadata elements needed to describe the collection of manuscripts. The study population includes a microfiche collection of Arabic manuscripts in RICeST in science and technology, including Encyclopedias, Protosciences, Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography, and Miscellaneous works (about 1203 manuscripts). Due to the study’s comprehensiveness, all manuscripts in science and technology were considered, and sampling was not performed. The data gathering method was structured or systematic observation (of non–participant type), and the data gathering tool was a checklist. Findings: The metadata elements were first identified through a process including a review of the studies conducted in this field, an analysis of manuscript databases available inside and outside the country, and an examination of the specific needs, vision, and policies of the RICeST, and then design of the database was carried out in seven stages. These stages include identifying and organizing manuscript microfiches, identifying metadata elements to describe manuscripts, identifying appropriate software and developing the manuscript data entry form in the database, digitizing the manuscript microfiches collection, documenting and cataloging the manuscripts, data entry into the database, and uploading files, and evaluating and editing the information entered in the database. This collection is currently available at https://manuscript.ricest.ac.ir. Originality/value: The mission of the RICeST in disseminating written knowledge and the need to organize, digitize and make manuscripts accessible to users made it necessary to conduct research in order to identify the required metadata elements and design the ‘comprehensive database of the written heritage of science and technology’. Given the emphasis of the RICeST on the fields of science and technology, in the first step, creating a database for these fields was prioritized. As an educational and research support for Iran’ universities and scientific centers, this database can solve some of the information needs of the scientific community at the national and regional levels. One of the features of the present research is the selection of required metadata elements according to the characteristics of the Iranian-Islamic context and relying on the studies conducted in this field to provide users with suitable access points for effective retrieval of manuscripts. The content coverage of the database and the variety of its metadata elements are such that different groups of audiences (including general users, researchers, students, copyists, etc.) can benefit from its services depending on the type of needs. This research brought valuable achievements and outputs in different phases, including preparing a manual for manuscript cataloging and data entry, creating a comprehensive manuscript database, equipping and launching a manuscript section in RICeST, training human resources for cataloging manuscripts, holding several workshops, interacting with other manuscript centers in Iran and creating areas for cooperation, and providing a bibliography for all references used in the process of documenting and cataloging manuscripts.

Cultural heritage can be viewed as a cultural process that reflects contemporary cultural and social values, and is subject to the process of management, legislative frameworks, financial resources, education, the process of preservation, and research. Cultural heritage research that is conducted on all phenomena of cultural heritage includes various methods used to achieve knowledge of heritage and its values, as well as its preservation and long-term accessibility. It is important to look at heritage from as many aspects as possible so that the information obtained from the research can be disseminated to users of heritage institutions and the public. Researching some of these aspects includes analysis of text, research of users, and research of the object or material aspect of cultural heritage. Research also has to include a cultural and social component because heritage is linked to people (heritage community and general public) precisely through social processes and experiences by which people add value and significance to heritage and thus collectively care for it to ensure its continuity, authenticity, and identity. Written heritage on various media is one of the most numerous types of cultural heritage stored and preserved in heritage institutions. It is necessary to preserve it in a way that ensures its availability, 'readability' and ability to be reused which, in turn, can be achieved by preserving its material and informational aspect. Written heritage is also specific because of the values which are inherent to it, especially the informational value. Its preservation has a cultural and social value for the heritage community. The aforementioned values can be used for organizing activities that raise public awareness and understanding of written heritage. The organization of such activities should be based on an impartial analysis, which should as a result have an objective description of the material and informational aspect of written heritage. Understanding all of the specific factors of written heritage and methodology used in the research of cultural heritage in general, it should be considered in which way it is possible to answer research questions which concern the goal of objective description of written heritage and planning interpretation activities. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the methodological limitations and possibilities concerning the specific field of written heritage interpretation and methods applied in the research of cultural heritage in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage / Quaderni di Scienza della Conservazione is the property of Salvatore Lorusso and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista História da Educação is the property of Historia da Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. The aim of the paper is to acquaint librarians, but also the wider community, about the valuable books from the Library of the Faculty of Kinesiology. Approach/methodology/design. In the selection of books, we relied on the Guidelines for the Selection of Material for Digitization. Results. The path of identifying and selecting valuable material is described. Although the selected titles do not meet all the criteria for selecting material for digitization, the characteristics which contribute to the historical, cultural, and content value and have special significance for the institution are described. Social implications. The attention of the librarians and related professions, kinesiologists, but also the general public, is brought to the valuable books from the library of the Faculty of Kinesiology in Zagreb. Originality / value. Considering that the number of scientific papers on sports publishing is very small, we wanted to present, in more detail, some of the titles from this area of publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Written heritage is one of the most prevalent types of cultural heritage in archives, libraries, and museums, and its values, especially information value, hold great potential for the interpretation activities that can foster public awareness and understanding of written heritage. The organization of such activities should result from an unbiased analysis of written heritage, which would provide an objective description of the content and value of written heritage, which should serve as a basis for the activities of interpreting written heritage to the wider public or target audience. The aim of this paper is to determine the areas of knowledge that information professionals need to possess in order to be able to interpret written heritage. Methodology. Information professionals who are in touch with written heritage should possess the knowledge of cultural heritage management, research and communication in order to be able to interpret written heritage. By reviewing the literature, the education and competences of the professional staff of archives, libraries, and museums, and the ICOMOS' principles of interpretation and presentation of heritage, the common areas of knowledge applicable to the interpretation of written heritage have been identified and analysed. Results. Information professionals possess the prerequisites for conducting the written heritage interpretation activities, but these need to be upgraded to make the activities meaningful and effective. The basic knowledge needs to be expanded with the knowledge of the concept of written heritage interpretation and its full scope, ranging from the concept of written heritage to research and communication. Practical implications. The considerations and conclusions made are important in identifying the areas of knowledge and skills necessary for an effective written heritage interpretation and are the basis for further research and reflection on the competencies required for written heritage interpretation. Originality. The paper considers the concept of written heritage interpretation and, based on the previous knowledge of cultural heritage interpretation, proposes knowledge areas needed for an effective written heritage interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Basrah is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to familiarize the wider professional community with experiences and practices in the field of protection and permanent preservation of rare and valuable law books that have the status of cultural heritage at the Faculty of Law of the University of Zagreb, and to emphasize the importance and the role of libraries in this field. Approach. After a concise review of character and properties of the rare collection inscribed in The Register of Cultural Goods of the Republic of Croatia, the paper presents the mode of its conservation and preservation by implementing conservation and restoration techniques and procedures along with digitalization by means of the non-invasive low light digitization on the example of an original item from the 16th century. Findings. The paper follows the path of identifying, selecting, protecting, preserving, and presenting the possibilities of preserving the written heritage. Practical implications. Through the presentation of an example of the protection and preservation of an original item from the 16th century, the attention of the scientific and professional community and related professions is drawn to the possibilities of non-invasive digitalization. Social implications. The paper emphasizes the immensely valuable heritage of the Library of the Faculty of Law in Zagreb, to librarians and related professions, as well as the general public, which, through the use of modern technology becomes available for use. Originality. This paper describes and follows up the unpublished data on the valuable written heritage of the Faculty of Law Library in Zagreb as well as new methods of preserving and using this heritage through modern technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international conference was dedicated to Polish and the Polish diaspora’s writing heritage in foreign collections. Its aim was to summarize research on Polish and the Polish diaspora’s book and manuscript collections, and onpolonicamaterials incorporated into these foreign collections. We tried to define the current importance of these materials for the history of the Polish book and to determine the current situation and future prospects for their registration, documentation, and scientific exploration. Research areas of the conference included Polish andpolonicacollections abroad; the registration of Polish book collections, valuablepolonicaand other sources for the history of Polish books in foreign collections; registration and documentation in Polish and foreign libraries including reference, documentation, and source materials (inventories, catalogues, databases, guides, etc.); studies of source materials for knowledge about the history of the Polish book; and biographies of specialists on Polish books abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this paper is to present the Croatian written heritage in the most suitable way and to recognize the value of the written heritage which is kept and preserved in Croatian heritage institutions on the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of Franjo Ksaver Kuhač's death, the man who was the creator of folkloristics, ethnomusicology, and musicology in the Croatian music culture. The systematic and comprehensive preservation of the information availability implies cooperation and joint activities on the strategic, technical, and operative levels with the purpose of creating adequate forms of education within the academic community, institutions of strategic value, laboratories, and operative institutions. The strategy of active preservation management includes five basic aspects, and the efficient management is aimed at the well-being of the heritage collections that are considered to be the Croatian cultural property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nationalisation of ecclesiastical libraries offered an opportunity to initiate public action on a national scale. The redistribution of books required preliminary measures of protection and inventory of these ‘literary riches’. The instructions written by Parisian authorities between 1789 and 1794 illustrate the emergence of a written heritage by the construction of a field for central state intervention, of a system of objects and of a repertoire of specialised capacities.

Copyright of Bosniaca is the property of National & University Library of Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soter: Journal of Religious Science / Religijos Mokslo Žurnalas is the property of Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Theology-Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soter: Journal of Religious Science / Religijos Mokslo Žurnalas is the property of Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Theology-Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is based on a recent grant proposal written for a Hungarian agency, and it is also written as a public appeal to all archives collecting sources of the Hungarian Western diaspora, both home and abroad. It provides an overview of émigré document sources stored by Hungarian archives, as well as those that can be found in the United States, much scattered and often endangered, unknown, or forgotten. The author, a founding member of the Consulting Committee for Exploring and Rescuing Hungarian Documents in the West, organized in January 2013 by the Hungarian National Archives, calls for broad national and international efforts to explore and save the written heritage of the Hungarian Western diaspora. In his conclusions he outlines the most demanding tasks of a program based on long- and short-term cooperation of all potential partners. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In Serbian history, endowments have a long tradition that goes back centuries. In turbulent history of our nation, a signi? cant part of the material heritage has been preserved thanks to legacies, especially those left in favor of scientific and cultural institutions. As for libraries, as scientific and cultural institutions, this affects them in two ways: the first one relates to their foundation, since the most important national libraries were founded as the result of the act of endowing, and the second concerns library funds - the most precious materials in libraries originate from bequests. In this paper we presented personal libraries, special libraries and legacies in libraries of Republic of Srpska. There are 21 collections, whose size ranges from 200 to more than 5.000 bibliographic items. They were created in approximately the same time frame, but they nevertheless contain a variety of materials since they were formed by people of different profiles: carpenters, teachers, intellectuals, librarians, prominent scientists and academics. All of them contain materials important from the aspects of science, national culture and history. Professional processing of the items belonging to these collections is the obligation of librarians, who have to make them available for use and research. The first step in this process is a review of all such collections in Republic of Srpska, which is also the subject of our work. Raising awareness of the phenomenon of cultural heritage, of the importance of cultural monuments in the identity of a nation, of the value and treatment of cultural monuments of both national and local significance, is necessary, and should be the primary task of all cultural institutions in Republic of Srpska. This must be clearly stated in the cultural strategy which should specify concrete tasks for each institution and department, as well as the precise time frame for their achievement. Prior to protection, this process implies recognition and categorization of heritage materials. Libraries play an important role in this process in which they face serious tasks and a great responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to explore a theoretical and methodological approach to preservation management in libraries, relying on the basic presumption that preservation is a complex and comprehensive process that involves many different and seemingly diverse aspects whose efficiency lies in preservation management. Design/methodology approach – Using a case study of Croatia, the paper describes a methodology for exploring the general preservation management context and presents a preservation management model that comprises five key components. Findings – The paper offers insight into preservation management issues in a specific national context. Research limitations/implications – Although this paper focuses primarily on written heritage in libraries, it is applicable to other types of heritage and to other types of information institutions. Practical implications – The theoretical and methodological approach presented in this paper and described in the example of Croatia can be useful for exploring similar issues in other countries. It can be expanded to other types and forms of heritage and heritage institutions. Originality/value – The paper describes a model of organising preservation activities into an efficient and successful preservation system, and establishes a methodology for exploring diverse preservation issues on national and institutional levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]