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Copyright of Pamukkale Medical Journal is the property of Pamukkale Journal of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chromobacterium violaceum is associated with severe sepsis leading to cutaneous and visceral organ abscesses, with mortality rates up to 73%. Around 200 cases of C. violaceum infection have been reported globally. We report a case of a 27-year-old female U.S. Marine recruit who presented with fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, and nodules on her extremities. Physical examination revealed multiple small skin abscesses on her extremities. Abdominal imaging with contrast revealed large liver abscesses requiring drainage. Both blood and wound cultures grew C. violaceum. The patient was successfully treated with meropenem and ciprofloxacin. At 3 months, symptoms had resolved, and labs and imaging were normal. Though rare, C. violaceum infection rates are increasing. Severe infection develops rapidly and invasive disease is not uncommon. Early detection and appropriate antibiotic treatment are key in preventing mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Wound swab cultures are frequently requested from patients suspected of having a wound infection. The quality of the sample should also be evaluated by performing a Gram-stained microscopic examination. "Q-scoring system" is not widely used and the literature on the subject is limited. Methods: A total of 4648 wound swab samples were evaluated. Samples with a Q-score of "0" were considered as "poor quality samples", and those with a score of " ≥ 1" were classified as "good quality samples". Microorganisms grown in the culture of samples that scored above one were identified by mass spectrometry, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Results: Gram stain results were found to be consistent with the culture result in 57.10% (n = 1078) of and inconsistent with the culture result in 42.90% (n = 813) of the samples. The number of samples with Q-scores one, two, and three among the 813 samples was 62, 29, and 722, respectively. The value observed in Q3 was found to be statistically significantly higher than the values observed in Q1 and Q2 (p < 0.05). Samples sent from surgical departments (61.92%) with a Q-score of ≥ 1, were statistically significant compared to internal medicine departments (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between samples sent from intensive care units and those sent from other inpatient services. For both groups with Q-scores ≥ 1 and "0" similar microorganisms were identified. Conclusion: As a conclusion, the Q-scoring system will provide a common language between the laboratory and the clinic, especially by standardizing the evaluation of wound swab samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proper identification of the polymicrobial microorganisms in patients with limb-threatening diabetic foot ulcers (LTDFUs) using conventional culture is insufficient. This prospective study evaluates the potential value of adjuvant molecular testing assisting in identify fastidious micro-organisms in LTDFUs compared to standard treatment alone. Methods: Ninety patients with LTDFUs received interdisciplinary and standard antibiotic treatment in a referral diabetic foot center. A simultaneous 16S amplicon sequencing (16S AS) specimen along with conventional culture collected at admission was used to retrospectively evaluate the microbiological findings and its association with amputation outcomes. Results: The microorganism count revealed by 16S AS overwhelmed that of conventional culturing (17 vs. 3 bacteria/ulcer respectively). The Stenotrophomonas spp. revealed in 29 patients were highly correlated with major (above ankle) amputation (OR: 4.76, 95% CI 1.01–22.56), while only one had been concomitantly identified by conventional culturing. Thus, there were 27 cases without proper antibiotics coverage during treatment. Conclusions: Adjuvant molecular testing assisted identification of fastidious pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas infection and might be associated with major amputation in patients with LTDFUs.

Social media engagement is becoming a significant part of true-crime fandom, providing spaces for true-crime fans to share their knowledge and obsessions. This article explores the storytelling techniques of the Cult Liter podcast and how the listeners engage with these stories on the associated Instagram account. Rather than engaging with the implications of violent crime, fans of Cult Liter on Instagram instead engage in self-promotion, like seeking behavior and in-group validation. Through analysis of episode 31, Jeffrey Dahmer, and the listener/user interaction on Instagram, this article evaluates how true-crime podcasts and social media relate to each other, echoing Seltzer's "wound culture," as users gather round the Instagram post as they would the scene of a crime. This article argues that social media provides a safe space where fans can indulge their fondness for stories of murder and their self-proclaimed obsession with certain serial killers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Film Quarterly / Kwartalnik Filmowy is the property of Kwartalnik Filmowy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Background: Selective reporting is a promising tool for antimicrobial stewardship, but in wound cultures, its effects on the use of antimicrobials are unknown. Our HUS Diagnostic Center Bacteriology laboratory refined its selective reporting protocol for wound cultures during 2017–2018. In this study we aimed to show our protocol's impact on the frequency of antimicrobial escalation. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients in the wound-care ward of a primary-care hospital in Helsinki, Finland, from 2014 to 2016 (pre-intervention) and from 2019 to April 2021 (post-intervention). With the inclusion criterion being wound-culture collection, this provided us with 299 patients, of which 152 were in the pre-intervention group, and 147 were post-intervention. We collected the data from medical records and compared the pre-intervention- with the post-intervention group in terms of patient profiles, microbiology reports, antimicrobial treatment, and treatment outcomes. Findings: In the pre-intervention group 40% of the patients were male and 60% female and in the post-intervention group 49% and 51% respectively. The frequency of AST reported had decreased from 63% in the pre-intervention group to 37% post-intervention (OR 0.35, p

The Cato Street Conspiracy ended in failure, with its five leading radicals executed. This conspiratorial insurrection caught the media's attention, creating a vibrant visual culture of the stable and execution. Arguably, the conspiracy's treason was not directed at the king but rather parliament and government through its aim to assassinate the cabinet. Although usually considered as an end point to Regency radicalism, Cato Street provides the opportunity to explore how radicalism was covered and consumed as part of the growing passion for crime reporting. Using the framework of wound culture, which highlights the centrality of consuming violence in contemporary society, this article demonstrates how the Cato Street stable and execution were fervently consumed through the visual culture generated to disseminate the conspiracy. Here, radicalism, treason and violence collided, demonstrating the passion of the conspirators but also the passion of the public who voraciously devoured the coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cato Street Conspiracy ended in failure, with its five leading radicals executed. This conspiratorial insurrection caught the media's attention, creating a vibrant visual culture of the stable and execution. Arguably, the conspiracy's treason was not directed at the king but rather parliament and government through its aim to assassinate the cabinet. Although usually considered as an end point to Regency radicalism, Cato Street provides the opportunity to explore how radicalism was covered and consumed as part of the growing passion for crime reporting. Using the framework of wound culture, which highlights the centrality of consuming violence in contemporary society, this article demonstrates how the Cato Street stable and execution were fervently consumed through the visual culture generated to disseminate the conspiracy. Here, radicalism, treason and violence collided, demonstrating the passion of the conspirators but also the passion of the public who voraciously devoured the coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite advances in infection control measures, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a real and present danger to patients. In most studies addressing SSI prevention measures, recommendations are often made in the absence of information such as culture results, the antibiotic agents used for prophylaxis, and antibiotic sensitivity data. The aim of this study is to document this latter claim by reviewing studies published in the last five years in highly read and cited surgical journals. Methods: A systematic review evaluating SSIs from four highly cited surgical journals, Annals of Surgery, the British Journal of Surgery, JAMA Surgery, and the Journal of the American College of Surgeons was conducted for articles published between 2016 and 2021. We focused our analysis on the following key features: how SSI is defined; bacterial culture information; antibiotic sensitivity data; and identification of the antibiotic chosen for prophylaxis. We hypothesized that, in most cases among the journals queried, this information would be unavailable. Results: Of the 71 studies included, 32 diagnosed SSIs based on criteria developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention while five provided no definition of SSI. Of the 27 articles recommending increasing antibiotic usage, only one study performed antibiotic sensitivity testing to guide the antibiotic choice. Of 71 studies reviewed, only one reported all key features we considered to be important for SSI antibiotic decision-making; 46 reported none of the key features. Conclusions: Among publications addressing SSIs in four highly cited surgical journals, key information regarding diagnosis and with which to base antibiotic recommendations, is routinely unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the changing microbiota structure during the pandemic period on the bacterial aerobic culture profile of the wound taken from patients operated for acute appendicitis, together with clinical variables. Materials and Methods: Our study included 125 patients who underwent an appendectomy in the General Surgery Clinic between 01.03.2019-01.02.2021 and whose wound culture was taken during an appendectomy. The patients were divided into two groups; group1 (pre-pandemic) and group2 (during a pandemic). Both groups were compared in terms of age, gender, clinical, laboratory and wound culture data. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, clinical symptoms, surgical method, laboratory and radiological data (p>0.05). In the pre-pandemic group, there was growth of E. coli in 35 (53%) patients, K. pneumoniae in 3 (4.5%) patients, and P. aeruginosae in 2 (3) patients from Gram-negative bacteria while Strep. anginosus and Strep. constellatus growth were most common from Gram-positive bacteria. In the pandemic group, there was the growth of E. coli in 29 (49.2%) patients, P. aeruginosae in 5 (8.5%) patients, K. pneumoniae in 2 (3.4%) patients from Gram-negative bacteria, Citrobacterfreundii and Streptococcusanginosus growth were the most common from Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichiacoli is the most common bacteria in both groups. Conclusion: Although E. coli was found to be the most frequently identified microorganism in patients with acute appendicitis, an increase in the density and resistance of Pseudomonas group bacteria were detected, possibly due to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Wound infections are often underestimated issues that can lead to chronic illnesses, and since the introduction of antibiotics, wound complications have become less common. However, due to the increased and irrational use of these antibiotics, the resistance in the bacterial isolates has become very common. This has led to reduced treatment options, delay in wound healing, and high treatment costs. This study aimed to investigate bacterial wound infections and their antibiotic resistance at St. Dominic Hospital, Ghana., Methods: A total of 517 records of wound swab culture and susceptibility testing, and patient demographics from 2020 to 2022 were collected from the microbiology unit of St. Dominic Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2019, cleaned, and exported into IBM SPSS v26 for the statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses., Results: The overall prevalence of bacteriological agents causing wound infection in individuals who visited the St. Dominic Hospital from 2020 to 2022 was 70.21% (363/517), with S. aureus 79/363 (21.76%) being the most abundant isolate. Out of the 79 S. aureus isolated, 40 (50.63%) and 39 (49.37%) were resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin, respectively. More than 50% of the predominant Gram-negative isolate, K. pneumoniae, were resistant to clindamycin 45/72 (62.50%) but susceptible to levofloxacin 70/72 (97.22%), cefotetan 69/72 (95.83%), and chloramphenicol 67/72 (93.06%)., Conclusion: Antibacterial susceptibility patterns revealed significant resistance trends, particularly among Gram-negative isolates, emphasizing the urgent need for prudent antibiotic use and ongoing surveillance to combat resistance., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Although studies have identified women as the primary audience of true crime, women's engagement with the genre is far from a passive one. Women producers of true crime participate in discussions of female victimhood, poverty, and law. They also consider the significance – and complexity – of writing women's lives within a genre like true crime. Our chapter analyses true crime texts by women to interrogate the changing focus of true crime in the twenty-first century and the labour that these authors participate in as they question established narratives of female victimhood. In our case studies of Hallie Rubenhold's The Five (2019) and Michelle McNamara's I'll Be Gone in the Dark (2018) we suggest that these texts model a feminist version of true crime by creating more comprehensive narratives of female victimhood and survival via narrative structures that centralise women's lives. We contend that these texts are engaged in crucial work that alters the language we use to speak about victims and victimhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The appropriateness of the wound bed for autograft transplantation is routinely evaluated based on the surgeon's judgment, which might not be reliable in some situations. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the association between wound pH, wound temperature, and wound culture results with autograft taking. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, the body core temperature, wound pH, and local wound temperature at the beginning of operation and after burn wound excision were measured in 50 patients with burn wounds. Swab culture specimen was obtained from the burn wound after dressing removal and after the completion of wound excision. Autograft taking was evaluated on days 3 and 7 postoperative. Results: There was a statistically significant reverse association between autograft taking on day 3 and wound pH at the beginning of operation (P = 0.016). Besides, there was a statistically significant association between core body temperature and autograft taking on days 3 (P = 0.035) and 7 (P = 0.002). However, there was no significant association between local wound temperature and autograft taking. A positive result for wound culture after excision, even when the colony count was

Objectives: To compare isolates from deep wound and superficial swab cultures to evaluate the detectability of pathogens by each culture in Fournier's gangrene; and evaluate the association between microorganisms isolated from deep wounds and those isolated from blood or urine., Methods: Patients with Fournier's gangrene who underwent debridement between October 2006 and January 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. In addition to comparing the isolates from deep wound cultures at initial debridement with those from superficial swab, blood, and urine cultures, the relationship between the traits of the organisms from deep wounds and patient disease severity and prognosis was examined., Results: Among 25 patients, deep wound and superficial swab cultures were obtained from 25 to 18 patients, respectively. The frequency of anaerobic isolates was significantly lower in the superficial cultures than in the deep wound cultures (31/76 versus 13/56, p = 0.034). Bacteria not isolated from deep wounds were isolated from superficial cultures in 55.6 % of the patients; the concordance rate between deep and superficial cultures was 27.8 % (5/18). The positive rates of blood and urine cultures were 20.8 % and 35.7 %, respectively; all isolates from the urine and blood cultures reflected the results of the deep wound culture. No significant association was observed between the severity or mortality and the type of causative bacteria., Conclusions: Superficial swab cultures cannot be substituted for deep wound cultures in Fournier's gangrene. Although the positivity rates for blood and urine cultures were not high, they were helpful in determining antibiotic de-escalation., (Copyright © 2024 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Gustilo type III open tibial fractures are difficult injuries that carry a higher risk of infection and other consequences. Open-fracture wound microbiology is dynamic and responsible for change over time. Effective antibiotic treatment plans are required, as detrimental microorganisms are often linked to these types of lesions., Objectives: The study aimed to determine whether pre- and post-debridement wound cultures could predict wound infection in Gustilo type III open tibial fractures., Methods: This prospective study was carried out at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 344 patients who presented to the emergency department with a Gustilo type III open tibial fracture within 24 hours of injury from June 2018 to October 2019. Three successive cultures were carried out: one in the emergency room (surveillance culture), the second at the emergency theater after debridement, and the third in the ward after one week (seven to 10 days). Statistical analyses of the results were conducted using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY)., Results: The study included 344 patients with an average age of 37.15 years, with motor vehicle accidents being the primary cause (78.2%). Gustilo type IIIA fractures made up the majority (48.5%), followed by type IIIB fractures (44.8%). A significant reduction in contamination rates was observed from initial admission (48.8%) to post-debridement (36.6%) (p =.001). There was a significant positive correlation between pre-debridement cultures and wound infections (r =.311), as well as between post-debridement cultures and wound infections. The infection rate increased to 61.6% in ward samples, indicating a high rate of hospital-acquired infections. Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species were the most prevalent multidrug-resistant bacteria that caused these infections., Conclusion: The present study provides information on the relationship between contamination and infection. Gram-negative pathogens were dominant in this study, and the results of the antibiograms showed an alarming pattern of resistance. Nosocomial infection demands further urgent study., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The institutional review board (IRB) of National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR) issued approval (NITOR/ACADEMY/2018/1189/A). Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Islam et al.)

In this controlled before–after study, wound swabs were only processed for culture, identification, and susceptibility testing if a quality metric, determined by the Q score, was met. Rejection of low-quality wound swabs resulted in a modest decrease in reflexive antibiotic initiation while reducing laboratory workload and generating few clinician requests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proper identification of the polymicrobial microorganisms in patients with limb-threatening diabetic foot ulcers (LTDFUs) using conventional culture is insufficient. This prospective study evaluates the potential value of adjuvant molecular testing assisting in identify fastidious micro-organisms in LTDFUs compared to standard treatment alone., Methods: Ninety patients with LTDFUs received interdisciplinary and standard antibiotic treatment in a referral diabetic foot center. A simultaneous 16S amplicon sequencing (16S AS) specimen along with conventional culture collected at admission was used to retrospectively evaluate the microbiological findings and its association with amputation outcomes., Results: The microorganism count revealed by 16S AS overwhelmed that of conventional culturing (17 vs. 3 bacteria/ulcer respectively). The Stenotrophomonas spp. revealed in 29 patients were highly correlated with major (above ankle) amputation (OR: 4.76, 95% CI 1.01-22.56), while only one had been concomitantly identified by conventional culturing. Thus, there were 27 cases without proper antibiotics coverage during treatment., Conclusions: Adjuvant molecular testing assisted identification of fastidious pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas infection and might be associated with major amputation in patients with LTDFUs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Selective reporting is a promising tool for antimicrobial stewardship, but in wound cultures, its effects on the use of antimicrobials are unknown. Our HUS Diagnostic Center Bacteriology laboratory refined its selective reporting protocol for wound cultures during 2017-2018. In this study we aimed to show our protocol's impact on the frequency of antimicrobial escalation., Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients in the wound-care ward of a primary-care hospital in Helsinki, Finland, from 2014 to 2016 (pre-intervention) and from 2019 to April 2021 (post-intervention). With the inclusion criterion being wound-culture collection, this provided us with 299 patients, of which 152 were in the pre-intervention group, and 147 were post-intervention. We collected the data from medical records and compared the pre-intervention- with the post-intervention group in terms of patient profiles, microbiology reports, antimicrobial treatment, and treatment outcomes., Findings: In the pre-intervention group 40% of the patients were male and 60% female and in the post-intervention group 49% and 51% respectively. The frequency of AST reported had decreased from 63% in the pre-intervention group to 37% post-intervention (OR 0.35, p < 0.001). The post-intervention group demonstrated lower frequencies of antimicrobial treatment 7 d after wound culture collection, 82% pre-intervention vs 58% post-intervention (OR 0.31, p < 0.001), and antimicrobial escalation, 42% vs 20% (OR 0.35, p < 0.001) respectively. Length of hospital stay, and all-cause mortality were similar between the groups., Interpretation: Selective reporting of wound cultures appears an effective and safe measure to reduce the use of antimicrobials., Funding: HUS Diagnostic Center., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

J.G. Ballard's novel Crash (1973) allows a reading in the terms of Heidegger's concept of Ge-stell or enframing, according to which in modernity everything, humans included, is seen as a mere means to often questionable ends. Prompted by violent sexual fantasies and an unleashed death drive, its main characters, a wild bunch of symphorophiliac drivers, live a life of existential nihilism, treating human beings as objects, mere fodder for their prearranged car crashes. In so doing, they take an active part in a general process of dehumanisation afflicting Western civilisation, where people are just standing reserve (Bestand). This would be closely linked to so-called affectlessness, where emotions go nowhere but to an ever-increasing self-absorption in a world without others. In turn, this would be symptomatic of a civilisational shift from word to image, in a society where technology and performativity reign supreme and everything is evacuated of meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will conceptualise and elucidate the idea of rupture as an alternative method with which to read the ideological shifts in the politics of Indian Parallel Cinema. For the purposes of this article, I will use the 1968 Bengali film Apanjan (Near and dear), directed by Tapan Sinha, as the basis for textual analysis. The first section will map the framework for reading rupture, identifying what I call the signifiers of rupture, including the political, iconoclasm and trauma. This will be followed with a textual analysis of Apanjan, applying the framework of rupture, focusing predominately on the iconology of the mother, trauma theory and wound culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Wound infections have continued to be a considerable health problem which has high morbidity and mortality. In order to prevent ecconomic looses the development of increases antimicrobial resistance early diagnoses of this infections has become more important to treat it appropriately and effectivelly. In this study, it was aimed to investigate causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibilities which were isolated from wound swab cultures in hospitalized patient from various clinics. Methods: Samples of wound swab which were sent to our laboratory have been inoculated on routine media and it was evaluated Gram stained preparation. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test of isolates were performed by VITEK 2 ( bioMerieux/France ) automated system. Results: In our study, 8,433 wound swab samples which were collected from 6,998 patients in between 01.01.2010 and 31.12.2015 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 1,311 causative microorganism were isolated from 1,201 patients' wound swabs. Acinetobacter baumanii was the most common isolated microorganism from surgical clinics, internal medicine clinics and intensive care units followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is second rank and Escherichiae coli which is second third. In the burn clinic the most frequently isolated factor was P. aeruginosa followed by a A. baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Colistin and aminoglycosides were the most effective antimicrobials to A. baumannii ve P. aeruginosa isolates. Extended spectrum betalactamase rates among Enterobacteriaceae were 11-50 %, and the most effective antimicrobials were identified in this strains as carbapenems and aminoglycosides. Methicillin resistance rate were 21-29 % among S. aureus isolates. Glycopeptides and quinolones have been identified as the most effective antimicrobials to this bacteria. Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that Gram negative microorganisms were isolated more frequently than Gram positive bacteria from wound cultures in our hospital. It was observed that the majority of the causative microorganisms were resistant to more than one antibiotic groups. Determination of antimicribial susceptibilities and factors isolated from wound cultures which is sent from diffrentclinics in hospitals is important in terms of surveillance of hospital infections, the correct choice of emprical treatments and determination of antibiotic policies. Based on these results, it was decided that data sholud bereported periodically to the clinics has to monitor antibiotic resistance in view of clinics in the hospital and to guide the selection of antibiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold murdered 12 students and one teacher at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, in what was then the deadliest school shooting in American history. Despite causing a national panic and serving as a flash point for larger narratives on bullying, gun control, and media violence, both boys have gained active online fans. These fandoms dedicated to the Columbine shooters are widely referred to as dark examples of Internet communities, while the fans are also frequently denigrated as unstable and violent outcasts. Such dark online fandoms are yet to permeate mainstream culture or to challenge the preexisting perception of these communities as breeding grounds for the next wave of school shooters. While studies have covered the types of fans and their myriad interests, the field remains focused on more conventional examples of fan communities. In an effort to challenge and expand the object of focus when we study fandom, this qualitative study examines Columbine fans and their activity in order to understand the dominant motives they appear to have for engaging with and around such controversial figures and then concludes by exploring how this community might help us reflect more broadly on our concept of fandom. Redeeming these fans as part of diverse and complex communities of social relevance can demonstrate how even a dark fandom such as that of these Columbine shooters provides valuable cultural insights and benefits the field of fan studies.

Background Osteomyelitis is a major complication in patients with diabetic foot ulceration. Accurate pathogenic identification of organisms can aid the clinician to a specific antibiotic therapy thereby preventing the need for amputation. Methods All diabetic patients with bone biopsy-confirmed osteomyelitis were included into the study: biopsies were performed either during surgical removal of infected bone or percutaneously under guided fluoroscopy through non-infected tissue. The depth and extent of the ulcer was assessed using a sterile blunt metal probe. Deep wound cultures were taken from the wound base after sharp debridement. Results Of 66 cases of suspected osteomyelitis in 102 joints, 34 patients had both bone biopsies and deep wound cultures over the study period. Thirty two of 34 (94%), had a history of preceding foot ulceration, and in 25 of the cases a positive probe to bone test was recorded. In a high proportion of patients, at least one similar organism was isolated from both the deep wound culture and bone biopsy procedures (25 of 34 cases, 73.5%, p<0.001). When organisms were isolated from both wound cultures and bone biopsies, the identical strain was identified in both procedures in a significant proportion of cases (16 of 25 cases, 64%, p<0.001, total sample analysis in 16 of 34 cases, 47%). Conclusions Deep wound cultures correlate well with osseous cultures and provide a sensitive method in assessing and targeting likely pathogens that cause osseous infections. This will help aid the clinician in guiding antibiotic therapy in centers where bone biopsies may not be readily available. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Skin and soft tissue infections are important due to the clinical picture they create and the varyi ng mi croorgani sms that cause i nfecti on. Wound culture helps by reducing treatment cost and moni tori zi ng resi stant strai ns and thei r spread. The ai m of our study is to evaluate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of strains isolated from wound specimens of the patients after the Libya conflict and compare to Turki sh pati ents at I zmi r Uni versi ty School of Medicine Medicalpark Hospital. Methods: Fourty wound specimens of Libyan patients admitted to Izmir University School of Medicine Medicalpark Hospital between October 2011 - April 2012 after the Libya conflict and 154 wound specimens of Turkish patients treated during the same interval were retrospectively evaluated. The strains were isolated by conventional methods and automatized Vitek 2.0 (Biomerieux, France) system. The antibiotic susceptibility was studied by automatized Vitek 2.0 system. Results: Seventeen (42.5%) of the fourty specimens were culture positive. Ten (58.8%) of them were Gram negative, and seven (41.2%) were Gram positive. The mostly isolated strains were Enterobacter cloacae (23.5%), coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (23.5%), Stapylococcus aureus (17.6%) and Proteus mirabilis (11.7%). Enterobacter cloacae was susceptible to meropenem and amikacin. Conclusion: We evaluated the distribution and anti mi crobi al suscepti bi l i ty of wound speci mens after the Libya conflict. The mostly isolated strains were E. cloacae and CoNS. Meanwhile Turkish patients had P. mirabilis as Gram negative bacteria and methicillin susceptible S. aureus as Gram positive bacteria isolated in wound specimens. We could not compare this data to our country due to a l ack of si mi l ar studi es. Further studies with a greater number of patients are necessary to obtain reasonable data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]