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Cet article porte la focale sur l’introduction de logiciels métier dans le monde des archives publiques. L’acceptation inégale de cet outil par les archivistes conduit à une réflexion sur l’implication des utilisateurs dans les processus de conception et d’ajustement du logiciel métier. Réinsérer le projet de logiciel métier et son déploiement dans un système de valeurs et une organisation permet de repérer des éléments d’explicitation à l’intégration globalement inaboutie de l’outil. Si le processus d’introduction du logiciel métier témoigne d’une culture organisationnelle peu participative, la dimension technologique de l’outil – de par les compétences qu’elle requiert – accentue la relégation des agent∙e·s des sphères de définition des procédés de travail. L’exploration tend à montrer une reconfiguration formelle du rôle occupé par chacun dans la définition des dispositifs de travail plutôt qu’une transformation des rapports de force qui serait induite par le logiciel métier. This article deals with the insertion of professional software in the professional world of Public archives. Due to the unequal acceptance of business software, we propose a reflection on the way in which professionals are involved in the process of building the tool. In this perspective, we have endeavored to reintegrate business software into an organizational system and a universe of values. The study shows that the departmental archives services are historically not very open to the participation of subordinate agents; the technical skills needed to set up and adjust business software reinforce the exclusion of agents. The analysis tends to show an evolution of the content of the roles of each rather than a transformation of the balance of power within the collective.

International audience; This article deals with the insertion of professional software in the professional world of Public archives. Due to the unequal acceptance of business software, we propose a reflection on the way in which professionals are involved in the process of building the tool. In this perspective, we have endeavored to reintegrate business software into an organizational system and a universe of values. The study shows that the departmental archives services are historically not very open to the participation of subordinate agents; the technical skills needed to set up and adjust business software reinforce the exclusion of agents. The analysis tends to show an evolution of the content of the roles of each rather than a transformation of the balance of power within the collective.; Cet article porte la focale sur l'introduction de logiciels métier dans le monde des archives publiques. L'acceptation inégale de cet outil par les archivistes conduit à une réflexion sur l'implication des utilisateurs dans les processus de conception et d'ajustement du logiciel métier. Réinsérer le projet de logiciel métier et son déploiement dans un système de valeurs et une organisation permet de repérer des éléments d'explicitation à l'intégration globalement inaboutie de l'outil. Si le processus d'introduction du logiciel métier témoigne d'une culture organisationnelle peu participative, la dimension technologique de l'outil-de par les compétences qu'elle requiert-accentue la relégation des agent•e•s des sphères de définition des procédés de travail. L'exploration tend à montrer une reconfiguration formelle du rôle occupé par chacun dans la définition des dispositifs de travail plutôt qu'une transformation des rapports de force qui serait induite par le logiciel métier.

À partir de larges extraits d’un entretien collectif mené auprès d’un groupe de cinq travailleurs indépendants concevant et réalisant des escape rooms, cet article poursuit un double objectif : il montre tout d’abord comment la construction d’un collectif de travail bâti autour d’un idéal d’horizontalité ne peut échapper à l’élaboration de règles régissant son fonctionnement ; il propose ensuite une réflexion sur l’intérêt de l’entretien collectif pour l’analyse sociologique des processus de travail. En questionnant l’élaboration des règles de fonctionnement d’un groupe avec cette méthode, l’article permet ainsi d’interroger ce que suscite l’interaction d’entretien, puisque c’est au cours de son déroulé que certains enjeux de régulation vont être identifiés, abordés et négociés pour la première fois au niveau du groupe. Based on long excerpts from a collective interview conducted with a group of five self-employed or freelancers who design and build escape rooms, this article pursues two objectives: firstly, it shows how the development of a work collective based on an horizontal ideal cannot avoid the elaboration of rules for running; secondly, it proposes a reflection on the interest of the collective interview for the sociological analysis of work processes. By the questioning the elaboration of a group operating rules with this method, the article makes it possible to understand what this group interaction rises to. This article shows that some regulations issues are identified, addressed and negotiated for the first time during the interview. A partir de extensos extractos de una entrevista colectiva que se llevó a cabo con un grupo de cinco trabajadores independientes que diseñaron y realizaron los escape rooms, este artículo persigue un doble objetivo: en primer lugar, muestra en qué medida la construcción de un colectivo de trabajo desarrollado en torno a un ideal de horizontalidad no puede evitar la creación de reglas que rijan su funcionamiento; en segundo lugar, propone una reflexión sobre el interés de la entrevista colectiva para el análisis sociológico de los procesos de trabajo. Al cuestionar la elaboración de las reglas de funcionamiento de un grupo con dicho método, el artículo permite así examinar lo que suscita la interacción de la entrevista, ya que durante su desarrollo algunos aspectos de regulación se identifican, se abordan y se negocian por primera vez a nivel del grupo.

Cet article s’intéresse au pourboire en tant que système organisé tel qu’il a pu être observé au long cours dans un restaurant situé sur une plage célèbre du Sud de la France et destiné à offrir à la « classe de loisir » des moments festifs en bord de mer durant l’été. Nous analysons ici en détail un cas de mode collectif de gestion et de redistribution du pourboire fondé sur une forme relativement élaborée de calcul, dans un contexte d’emploi saisonnier. Il apparaît ici structurant du collectif de travail de l’établissement et, plus largement, du système local de l’emploi saisonnier. Nous analysons ainsi le premier niveau de la relation de service, avant de montrer comment, au-delà de celle-ci, le pourboire révèle une dimension structurante des emplois et des qualifications, du collectif de travail et des relations entre salarié·es, qui reste souvent masquée à l’analyse. Nous expliquons ensuite l’inscription des pratiques de pourboire dans l’organisation et le collectif de travail, en en suivant le circuit, de sa captation auprès des client·es jusqu’à sa redistribution directe entre membres du personnel, et indirecte entre établissements via les festivités incontournables des plages privées. This article focuses on tipping as an organized system, as observed over the long term in a restaurant located on a famous beach in the south of France and intended to offer the “leisure class” festive moments by the seaside during the summer. Here we analyse in detail a case of the collective mode of the management and redistribution of the tip based on a relatively elaborate form of calculation, in a context of seasonal employment in the restaurant industry. It appears here to structure the establishment’s work collective and, more broadly, of the local system of seasonal employment. We thus analyse the first level of the service relationship, before showing how, beyond this, the tip reveals a structuring dimension of jobs and qualifications, of the work collective and of relations between employees, which often remains hidden from analysis. We then explain the inclusion of tipping practices within the organization and the work collective, following the circuit, from its capture from customers to its direct redistribution among staff members, and indirect redistribution between establishments via the indispensable festivities of private beaches.

Данная работа посвящена изучению социально-психологического климата – неотъемлемой части психодиагностических мероприятий, проводимых в любой организации, руководство которой заинтересовано в её эффективности и развитии, что также относится и к личному составу нештатных формирований по обеспечению выполнения мероприятий по гражданской обороне. Целью работы является осуществление деятельности по улучшению условий службы сотрудников пожарной службы., This work is devoted to the study of the sociopsychological climate – it is an integral part of psychodiagnostic measures carried out in any organization whose management is interested in its effectiveness and development. The activity should provide for the optimization of relationships in the work team, which requires purposeful work to create a favorable socio-psychological climate in the team, common goals and a general positive emotional and moral attitude.

The article analyzes the sociological ideas of Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov, an outstanding scientist and political figure, one of the founders of the Bolshevik party, and then a permanent opponent of V. I. Lenin. It was identified that he reviewed the problems of sociology in almost all his works, but he did not consider himself a sociologist and focus on the subject field of sociology. The sociological ideas in his works are immersed into different epistemological contexts. In Empiriomonism, the sociology of knowledge was in fact the starting point of analysis, but the author himself believed that he was creating a critical philosophy of experience. An inadequate research method made his philosophical theory controversial. In Tectology, the problems of social life are considered in a broad cybernetic context, which determines the search for common features in all the systems of our world. The Science of Social Consciousness is Alexander Bogdanov’s the most sociological work. However, sociological problems are considered there from the viewpoint of history and management theory. The paradox is that the sociological ideas, hypotheses and the thinker’s concepts are the most promising for to be used in solving modern sociology problems. They are concordant with the modern problems of the global society. The article reconstructs a part of the sociological heritage of A. A. Bogdanov, i.e. his theoretical sociology. It is shown that he explained sociality through the concept of the work collective, which is the basic level of social life. The society as a systemic education assumes the organization of three basic elements such as people, things and ideas, which contributes to technology, economics and ideology. A. A. Bogdanov had understood the ideology more broadly than most sociologists both at that time and now. For him, it is identical to social consciousness which intended purpose is to organize people for collective activity. A natural language is the primary form of ideology. A. A. Bogdanov had focused much attention on the analysis of Ludwig Noiré’s hypothesis on «cries and shouts during a common work» and Max Müller’s theory of essential metaphor. The scientist shows the social nature of the language and traces the history of its development in unity with the society development. Based on the principles of theoretical sociology, A. A. Bogdanov proposed original hypotheses on the distinction between classes and professional groups and analyzed the manipulative possibilities of the class ideology. Alexander Bogdanov’s sociology allows, in a single perspective, to combine both the doctrine of existing and the doctrine of possible and desired future of the society. In this capacity, it is still an unused reserve of science, which should attract modern researchers.

The authors of the article have considered the notion of «mobbing» being a destructive element of a work collective performance, its causes and effects both for the employees and for the entire organization. It has been ascertained that this phenomenon is widespread in many countries of the world in particular in the developed ones that study this problem not only from the point of view of personnel management and psychology but take into account the legal estimation concerning the amount of responsibility of mobbers and bringing them to court for unlawful treatment of a particular person. It has been emphasized that the system of the legislative mechanisms of preventing mobbing and providing legal protection of employees and workers from this phenomenon in Ukraine in the conditions of the market relations development that requires the most effective use of the labour resources for enhancing the efficiency of an organization operation performance is to be improved. The experience of the developed European countries in the sphere of the legislative regulation of the psychological pressure in the workplace has been studied in comparison with the current Ukrainian labour legislation in question. It has been urged that the European experience in addressing mobbing in the workplace is to be adopted in the Ukrainian Euro integration processes. The most important factors of the psychological terror of employees and workers have been determined and the individuals who most often suffer from the psychological pressure have been characterized on the basis of statistical data.The judicial practice of settling the cases of mobbing in the workplace in Ukrainian courts have been analyzed. The ineffectiveness of the system of the legal protection of employees and workers as well as the need to improve it have been stressed. The authors have suggested the optimal ways of adapting Ukrainian labour legislation to such modern social challenges as the need to eliminate mobbing in the workplace and its effects which is the main direction in safeguarding the constitutional rights of employees and workers to a safe and healthy workplace environment stipulated by the Ukrainian legislation in force. The prospects of developing legislative regulation of the psychological violence have been paid attention to.

At a time when companies are faced with an increasingly competitive market, at a time when employees are increasingly demanding confidence and autonomy, the use of collective intelligence seems to be a solution to reconcile the search for performance and the improvement of the quality of life at work. At the same time, working methods are changing and the work environment is adapting to these changes by offering different spaces. Beyond the caricature of table soccer in the middle of open-space, companies are modifying their workspaces to encourage interaction between their employees. This observation led us to explore the link that can be made between the work environment and collective intelligence. To do so, after a review of the literature on collective intelligence and the work environment, we conducted a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with employees of Photowatt and other organizations. Our results allow us to conclude that the work environment is a necessary factor because it can encourage interaction between employees, but it must be accompanied by a strong commitment from the management of the organization in question to engage in this process of collective intelligence and a real desire to transform its management style.; À l’heure où les entreprises sont confrontées à un marché de plus en plus concurrentiel, à l’heure où les salariés sont de plus en plus en demande de confiance et d’autonomie, le recours à l’intelligence collective paraît être une solution pour concilier la recherche de performance et l’amélioration de la qualité de vie au travail. En parallèle, les modes de travail changent et l’environnement de travail s’adapte à ces changements en proposant des espaces différents. Au-delà de la caricature du baby-foot au milieu de l’open-space, les entreprises modifient leurs espaces de travail pour favoriser les interactions entre leurs salariés. Ce constat nous a poussé à explorer le lien qui peut être fait entre l’environnement de travail et l’intelligence collective. Pour ce faire, après une revue de la littérature concernant l’intelligence collective et l’environnement de travail, nous avons mené une étude qualitative basée sur des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de salariés de Photowatt et d’autres organisations. Nos résultats nous permettent de conclure que l’environnement de travail est un facteur nécessaire car il peut favoriser les interactions entre les collaborateurs, mais il doit s’accompagner d’un engagement fort de la Direction de l’organisation considérée pour s’engager dans cette démarche d’intelligence collective et d’une réelle volonté de transformer son mode de management.

Le low cost comme modèle économique transforme l’organisation du travail dans la distribution de matériel de bricolage : les effectifs sont réduits grâce à une polyvalence élargie conduisant à des situations d’intensification du travail, prises en charge par des vendeuses et des vendeurs issus de classes populaires, et en majorité hommes. Malgré une configuration peu propice au collectif de travail, les relations sociales subsistent et donnent lieu à des groupes ponctuels dont les membres sont liés par l’appartenance conjointe au genre masculin et aux classes populaires. Leur cohésion repose en outre sur l’assignation des quelques salariées présentes à une position inférieure. Les femmes ne sont pas pour autant absentes du collectif, mais leur place y est ambivalente : reléguées sur certains plans, elles y entrent pleinement lorsqu’il s’agit de se définir face à la hiérarchie et aux clients, de résister, de défendre une conception du métier ou de participer à certaines sociabilités. L’article montre qu’en situation de mixité, les collectifs sont segmentés par le genre, mais aussi par le statut d’emploi ou l’ancienneté ; ils sont multiformes et évoluent au gré des situations de travail. Low-cost, as a business model, is transforming the organisation of labour in the DIY retail sector: the number of employees is falling as a result of greater worker versatility, resulting in increased intensity of work for working-class sales personnel, predominantly male in this sector. Despite conditions unfavourable to labour organisation, social relations persist, taking the form of ad hoc groups whose members are linked by a male working-class identity, with the result that the minority of female personnel are assigned a subordinate status. Nonetheless, these women are not absent from the group, albeit in an ambivalent role: subordinate in some respects, they become fully integrated in conditions where there is conflict with management and customers, resistance, a need to defend a conception of the job, and on social occasions. The article shows that collectives are segmented by gender in mixed workplaces, but also by employment status and experience; they are multiform and change according to the work situations.

Le développement de l’industrie 4.0, présentée comme la quatrième révolution industrielle portée par la globalisation des échanges, constitue très certainement un facteur de transformation du Droit et du travail aussi important qu’a pu l’être le développement d’une grande industrie soutenue par l’économie capitaliste. Si la reconnaissance d’une responsabilité juridique objective obéissant à des mécanismes d’imputation et de réparation particuliers a permis, par la socialisation du Droit, d’accompagner les transformations de la société du XIXe et du début du XXe siècles, l’expansion d’une globalisation pensée sous le versant de la libéralisation des échanges économiques a conduit les États à intégrer le risque économique dans leurs politiques publiques, marquant ainsi le passage des fonctions sociales aux finalités économiques du droit du travail. The development of industry 4.0, described as the fourth industrial revolution driven by the globalisation of trade, can be analysed as a major factor in the transformation of labour law and work, as important as was the expansion of manufacturing industry impelled by capitalism. The recognition of objective legal liability obeying specific mechanisms of allocation and compensation had the effect, through the socialisation of law, of supporting the changes in 19th and early 20th-century society. Today, the spread of globalisation based on trade liberalisation has prompted states to include — and bear — economic risk in their policies, illustrating the shift from the social functions to the economic purposes of labour law.

RESUMO Esse artigo propõe, inicialmente, uma releitura conceitual dos coletivos de trabalho baseado nos sistemas de identificação, partilha de valores e debates de normas. A partir dessa análise, inspirada nas clínicas do trabalho, apresenta-se um modelo que visa identificar e apresentar os elementos bases de constituição dos coletivos (relações com o ofício, afeto, reconhecimento e dialogicidade). A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: a primeira com aproximação do campo nas atividades em grupo na sala de espera de um serviço de saúde do trabalhador, e entrevistas semiestruturadas; a segunda com as entrevistas clínicas, transformadas em casos clínicos, as quais são foco deste estudo. Tal modelo foi ilustrado por meio de casos clínicos reais, os quais permitem destacar que o modo de funcionamento dos coletivos pode torná-lo mantenedor, ou não, da sobrevivência e do desenvolvimento de um ofício sadio. Por fim, alerta-se para a necessidade de os trabalhadores serem organizadores de seu próprio trabalho, acionando os coletivos em seus elementos potencializadores de desenvolvimento e saúde. RESUMEN Inicialmente, este artículo propone una relectura conceptual de los colectivos de trabajo basándose en los sistemas de identificación, en el compartir valores y en debates de normas. A partir de ese análisis, inspirado en las clínicas del trabajo, se presenta un modelo que pretende identificar los elementos básicos que constituyen a los colectivos (relaciones con el oficio, afecto, reconocimiento y dialogicidad). La investigación fue realizada en dos etapas: una de aproximación al campo con actividades en grupo en la sala de espera del servicio y entrevistas semi-directivas, y entrevistas clínicas, transformadas en casos clínicos, enfoque de este estudio. Tal modelo fue ilustrado por intermedio de casos clínicos reales que nos permiten destacar que el modo de funcionamiento de los colectivos puede convertirlos en mantenedores, o no, de la sobrevivencia y del desarrollo de un oficio sano. Finalmente, se alerta sobre la necesidad de que sean los trabajadores quienes organicen su propio trabajo, accionando a los colectivos en sus elementos potenciadores de desarrollo y salud. ABSTRACT This paper initially proposes a conceptual re-reading of the work collective based on the systems of identification, value sharing and standards debates. Based on this analysis, inspired by the work clinics, we present a specific model that aims to identify and present the basic constituent elements of the collective (relations with the craft, affection, recognition and dialogicity). The research was carried out in two stages: a meeting with the work group in the waiting room of an employee health service and a semi-structured interview; the second with the interview clinics, transformed into clinical processes, the focus of this study. Such model was illustrated by real clinical cases, which allow to highlight that the mode of collective operation can make it maintainer or not of the survival and development of a sound craft. Finally, the workers are required to be organizers of their own work, activating the collectives in their potential elements of development and health.

У статті розглянуто способи та методи визначення проблем трудового колективу підприємства, що застосовуються в сучасній літературі. Основна мета статті – запропонувати найбільш дієвий метод та відповідні методичні положення визначення проблем трудового колективу підприємства, в тому числі корінної проблеми.Визначено, що на сьогодні існує достатня кількість напрацювань науковців з питань визначення проблем трудового колективу підприємства, однак відсутній єдиний універсальний метод здійснення цього процесу.У статті запропоновані методичні положення визначення проблем трудового колективу підприємства із застосуванням сукупності дієвих методів – методу парних порівнянь та матричного методу, останній із яких передбачає побудову матриці значущих проблем трудового колективу. Такий підхід, на відміну від наявних, дозволяє встановити корінну (основну) проблему трудового колективу, яка є підґрунтям для виникнення інших проблем, та реалізувати заходи щодо її усунення.Запропоновані методичні положення визначення проблем трудового колективу підприємства можуть бути впроваджені на підприємствах та в організаціях усіх галузей, що дозволить забезпечити ефективну роботу персоналу і підприємства в цілому., В статье рассмотрены применяемые в современной литературе способы и методы определения проблем трудового коллектива предприятия. Основная цель статьи – предложить наиболее действенный метод и соответствующие методические положения определения проблем трудового коллектива предприятия, в том числе корневой проблемы.Установлено, что на сегодняшний день существует достаточное количество наработок ученых по вопросам определения проблем трудового коллектива предприятия, однако отсутствует единый универсальный метод осуществления этого процесса.В статье предложены методические положения определения проблем трудового коллектива предприятия с применением совокупности действенных методов – метода парных сравнений и матричного метода, последний из которых предусматривает построение матрицы значимых проблем трудового коллектива. Такой подход, в отличие от существующих, позволяет установить корневую (основную) проблему трудового коллектива, которая является основой для возникновения других, и реализовать меры по ее устранению.Предложенные методические положения определения проблем трудового коллектива предприятия могут быть внедрены на предприятиях и в организациях всех отраслей, что позволит обеспечить эффективную работу персонала и предприятия в целом., The ways and methods of determining the problems of the work collective of the enterprise used in literature today have been considered in the article. The main purpose of the article is to offer the most effective method and the relevant methodological provisions of determining the problems of the work collective of an enterprise, including the root problem.It has been established that today there exists a sufficient number of developments of scientists on determining the problems of the work collective of an enterprise. However, there is no single universal method for the implementation of this process.The methodical provisions of determining the problems of the work collective of an enterprise using the set of effective methods – the method of pair comparisons and the matrix method - have been offerred in the article. The latter method implies construction of the matrix of significant problems of the work collective. This approach, unlike the existing ones, allows determining the root (main) problem of the staff, which is the basis for the emergence of other problems, and implementing measures to eliminate it.The proposed methodological positions of determining the problems of the work collective of the enterprise can be implemented in enterprises and organizations of all sectors ensuring the effective work of the personnel and the enterprise as a whole.

RésuméLes liens professionnels développés entre les réseaux d’aides spécialisés aux élèves en difficulté (RASED) et les équipes éducatives, peu connus, ont été la cible d’une recherche structurée autour d’une approche « quantiqualitative » susceptible d’en éclairer la complexité et les enjeux. Les enseignants spécialisés ainsi que les maîtres généralistes privilégient encore trop souvent des pratiques où l’individualisme professionnel est prépondérant. Or l’aide aux élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers réclame le développement d’une culture commune qui, reposant sur une connaissance mutuelle des différents acteurs, s’articule autour de la notion de travail en équipe et de projet : organisation et conduite de réunions, planification et évaluation d’actions conduites, etc. Elle s’appuie également sur des valeurs qui facilitent un modèle collectif d’organisation du travail et par suite des pratiques d’aides « suffisamment bonnes ».AbstractThe relationships between the various networks involved in the provision of support to struggling pupils and teachers’ teams, little explored so far, have now come under close scrutiny, taking a “quantiqualitative” approach that is liable to shed light on the complexity of such relationships and the issues at stake. Now, both specialist teachers and teachers of ordinary classes tend to privilege chiefly individualistic approaches, when support to pupils with special needs demands the development of a new common “culture”. Requiring partners with mutual knowledge, this culture is based on such elements as teamwork and design so as to organize and monitor meetings, to plan new procedures and to assess the procedures implemented. It also implies values that can foster a collective model of work organisation, leading to practices known as “fairly adequate”.

International audience; The educational principal counselor (CPE in french) takes part in his specifics skills to the accompaniment of pupils in their educational and pedagogic process. Our research leans on the educational relationship concept and the ethic of caring to understand how these professionals practice their educative responsibility in the secondary schools. Analysis of counselors discourse about their exercise of interview for pupils following reveals the intention to create a work collective with the other actors of school, despite the educational labor’s division. Cooperation activities organize themselves to consider the complexity of each pupil’s situation and answer to their needs.; Le conseiller principal d'éducation (CPE) participe dans son champ de compétences spécifiques, à l'accompagnement du parcours scolaire des élèves sur les plans pédagogique et éducatif. Notre recherche s'appuie sur le concept de relation éducative et l'éthique du care pour comprendre comment ces professionnels exercent leur responsabilité éducative dans le second degré. L'analyse du discours des CPE sur leur pratique d'entretien de suivi des élèves met en évidence, malgré une division du travail éducatif établie au sein des établissements publics locaux d'enseignement, leur volonté de créer un collectif de travail avec les autres acteurs de l'établissement. Des activités de coopération s'organisent entre eux pour prendre en compte la complexité de la situation de chaque élève et répondre à leurs besoins. Mots-clés : accompagnement, collectif de travail, conseiller principal d'éducation, entretien, responsabilité éducative.

International audience; The educational principal counselor (CPE in french) takes part in his specifics skills to the accompaniment of pupils in their educational and pedagogic process. Our research leans on the educational relationship concept and the ethic of caring to understand how these professionals practice their educative responsibility in the secondary schools. Analysis of counselors discourse about their exercise of interview for pupils following reveals the intention to create a work collective with the other actors of school, despite the educational labor’s division. Cooperation activities organize themselves to consider the complexity of each pupil’s situation and answer to their needs.; Le conseiller principal d'éducation (CPE) participe dans son champ de compétences spécifiques, à l'accompagnement du parcours scolaire des élèves sur les plans pédagogique et éducatif. Notre recherche s'appuie sur le concept de relation éducative et l'éthique du care pour comprendre comment ces professionnels exercent leur responsabilité éducative dans le second degré. L'analyse du discours des CPE sur leur pratique d'entretien de suivi des élèves met en évidence, malgré une division du travail éducatif établie au sein des établissements publics locaux d'enseignement, leur volonté de créer un collectif de travail avec les autres acteurs de l'établissement. Des activités de coopération s'organisent entre eux pour prendre en compte la complexité de la situation de chaque élève et répondre à leurs besoins. Mots-clés : accompagnement, collectif de travail, conseiller principal d'éducation, entretien, responsabilité éducative.

L’émergence des nanomatériaux constitue aujourd’hui une innovation technologique majeure dans tous les secteurs d’activité. Ces nouveaux matériaux représentent des enjeux scientifiques et économiques importants et posent des questions quant à leurs effets sur la santé et sur l’environnement. Cet article décrit l’intervention ergonomique réalisée dans une entreprise du secteur industriel qui vise la construction collective d’une démarche de prévention des risques liés aux nanomatériaux. Il s’agit de comprendre les pratiques réelles de prévention mises en œuvre par rapport à ce risque émergent, en explorant les représentations du risque des salariés en lien avec leurs activités de travail. Il s’agit aussi d’explorer comment la mobilisation des acteurs de l’entreprise autour du dispositif de prévention et leur confrontation à l’action et à l’activité de travail transforment leurs représentations et créent du débat sur la prescription à construire. The emergence of nanomaterials is producing major technological innovations in many business sectors. There are major scientific and economic issues concerning these new materials which give rise to important health and environmental questions. This article describes the ergonomic intervention carried out in an industrial company that was seeking to collectively construct a risk prevention approach to nanomaterials. The goal of this study was to understand the real prevention practices that were implemented to counter this emerging risk and explore the risk representations of the workers in connection with their work activities. The study also looked at how the mobilization of company stakeholders around the prevention approach and their experiences with work activities transformed their representations and created a debate about the rules, procedures, and guidelines to be established. La aparición de los nano-materiales constituye actualmente una importante innovación tecnológica en todos los sectores de actividad. Estos nuevos materiales representan retos científicos y económicos importantes y nos hacen cuestionarnos acerca de sus efectos sobre la salud y el medio ambiente. En este artículo se describe la intervención ergonómica llevada a cabo en una empresa industrial, que busca la construcción colectiva de un enfoque de prevención de riesgos asociados a los nano-materiales. Se trata de entender las prácticas de prevención reales ejecutados en relación con este riesgo emergente, explorando las representaciones acerca del riesgo de parte de los trabajadores en relación con sus actividades laborales. También se explora cómo la movilización de los actores de la empresa en torno al dispositivo de prevención y su confrontación a la acción y a la actividad de trabajo transforma sus representaciones y crea un debate acerca de las prescripciones a construir.

Cette étude vise à comprendre les incidences de la restructuration d’un centre d’appels médico-social et interroge les liens entre collectif de travail et organisation au travers de la notion de travail d’articulation, point d’entrée pour l’analyse de l’activité des professionnels. Pour cela, nous mobilisons une approche inspirée par les Théories de l’Activité et analysons les incidences de la réorganisation de la plate-forme à des niveaux différents, celui de l’activité, d’un côté, et des pratiques des acteurs en situation, de l’autre. Notre recherche s’appuie sur une ethnographie de deux ans et mobilise le suivi comme stratégie d’observation. Nos résultats mettent en évidence deux perspectives professionnelles, l’une axée autour du travail d’information, pensée dans sa dimension essentiellement quantitative, l’autre intégrant la notion de conseil à l’adhérent. La prise en compte par l’organisation de ces deux perspectives apparaît comme une condition nécessaire au développement de l’activité et à la santé des travailleurs. This article studies the organizational change of an inbound health call center. Seeking to improve the quality of its service, the company redesigned the activity of call operators by creating a new sub-team. Our study uses the concept of articulation work in order to grasp the relations between work collective and organization. We build upon activity theory in order to understand the call operators’ activity at different levels, that of the activity and that of the actors situated practices. Our research is based on a two-year ethnographic fieldwork which employed various data collection techniques such as ‘’shadowing’’ professionals. Our results highlight the existence of two professional perspectives. One is focusing on information exchange, while the other is based on support and advice to the users. Taking into account those two work perspectives is of crucial importance for the development of the activity and the health of employees. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender las implicaciones de la reestructuración de un centro de llamadas médico-social y se analiza la relación entre el grupo de trabajo y la organización a través del concepto de trabajo de articulación, punto de entrada para el análisis de la actividad de los profesionales. Para ello, movilizamos un enfoque inspirado en la teoría de la actividad y analizamos el impacto de la reorganización de la plataforma en diferentes niveles, la actividad, por un lado, y las prácticas de los actores en contexto, por el otro. Nuestra investigación se basa en una etnografía de dos años e implica el seguimiento como estrategia de observación. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto dos perspectivas profesionales, una centrada en el trabajo de información, pensado sobre todo en su dimensión cuantitativa, la otra integrando el concepto de asesoramiento al participante. La toma en cuenta por la organización de estos dos puntos de vista aparece como un requisito previo para el desarrollo de la actividad y la salud de los trabajadores.

Políticas públicas brasileiras procuram reduzir a gravidade do quadro de acidentes de trabalho dos motoboys, priorizando dimensões individuais da pilotagem. Seus resultados são limitados por não contemplarem satisfatoriamente dimensões coletivas do trabalho e seus efeitos na profissão. Ademais, há carência de pesquisas neste campo. Para colaborar neste movimento de compreender↔transformar, objetivou-se verificar como o coletivo profissional vem se desenvolvendo no meio profissional dos motoboys. Orientada pela Ergologia, na pesquisa mobilizou-se vertentes clínicas do trabalho: Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e Clínica da Atividade. Observou-se a existência de coletivo profissional em formação, verificada por meio de saberes práticos, sistemas defensivos, linguagem profissional, valores e regras de ofício, que começam a ser elaborados e partilhados por esses trabalhadores. Porém, verificou-se que individualismo e baixa solidariedade entre pares vêm fragilizando esse coletivo, reduzindo sua capacidade de resposta às condições degradantes de trabalho. Entende-se incontornável seu fortalecimento no caminho do exercício profissional mais seguro. Brazilian Public Policies seek to reduce the severity of motorcycle messengers work accidents, prioritizing individual dimensions of piloting. Their results are limited by not satisfactorily consider collective dimensions of work and its effects on profession. Moreover, there is lack of research in this field. Cooperating to movement of understand↔transform, was aimed to verify how professional collective has been developing within motorcycle messengers' professional milieu. Guided by Ergology, in the research were mobilized clinical approaches of work: Psychodynamic of Work and Clinic of Activity. Was observed the existence of professional collective in formation, verified by practical knowledge, defensive systems, professional languages, values and rules of craft, which began to be produced and shared among workers. However, was found that individualism and low solidarity among peers undermine the work's collective in formation, reducing its ability to respond to degrading working conditions. It is understood inevitable its strengthening to pursue safer professional practice.

Nous interessant au cas de la sylviculture nous y montrons la realite d’une situation collective de travail multi-generationnel de conduite de forets. Cette situation collective de travail apparait sous 2 formes : la forme du travail distribue et celle de l’activite cooperative longitudinale. Dans la forme du travail distribue, les sylviculteurs appliquent des regles de metier, explicites ou non, collectivement elaborees dans, et par, l’Histoire. Dans la forme de l’activite cooperative, les sylviculteurs exploitent, en connaissance de causes, des savoirs sur le fonctionnement de leur foret pour optimiser la situation de travail future et ainsi faciliter les activites de leurs successeurs. Dans ce cas, la cooperation s’appuie sur une conception pragmatique et partagee de trajectoire, conception qui se construit dans une forme de controverse entretenue par la mediation de documents non contemporains les uns des autres et devenus objets intermediaires.

Le forum « La rotation, est-ce une solution » a établi une liste de précautions nécessaires pour que la rotation puisse avoir un rôle positif dans la prévention des TMS. La synthèse souligne qu’il a également soulevé des questions fondamentales : quels modèles de la santé pour la prévention des TMS ? quel rôle du collectif de métier ? quels liens entre les TMS et d’autres dysfonctionnements ? quelle conduite de projet ? The « Rotation, is it a solution ? » forum established a list of precautions that are necessary for rotation to have a positive role in MSD prevention. The summary stresses that the forum also raised fundamental questions : What health models for MSD prevention ? What is the role of the job population ? What are the links between MSD and other dysfunctions ? How is the project managed ? El foro « ¿Es la rotación una solución ? » ha establecido una lista de precauciones necesarias para que la rotación tenga un papel positivo en la prevención de los TMS. La síntesis subraya que también planteó cuestiones fundamentales : ¿qué modelos de salud para la prevención de los TMS ? ¿Cual es el papel del colectivo de la profesión ? ¿Qué vínculos hay entre los TMS y otras disfunciones ? ¿Cual es la conducción del proyecto ?

Ce texte présente la première étape d’une recherche de terrain sur les « réseaux ambition réussite » en France, dont la prescription reconfigure à la fois l’organisation et le contenu du travail des protagonistes : chef d’établissement, inspecteur territorial et « professeurs référents ». Pour rendre compte des rapports entre l’organisation, l’encadrement et les activités des professeurs, cet article utilise une démarche ergonomique qui confronte, à travers des entretiens et des observations, les professionnalités supposées acquises et mobilisées par ces personnels dans des collectifs de travail. Il montre dans une première partie les limites des connaissances scientifiques disponibles (sur l’établissement, les chefs d’établissement, le corps d’inspection, le travail des enseignants en classe) pour rendre compte des « nouveaux » rapports professionnels. Il montre, dans une seconde partie, comment cette nouvelle reconfiguration, n'appelle pas une réorganisation du travail collectif et empêche le développement d’une activité organisationnelle (collective et individuelle), quotidiennement déployée de façon invisible dans le cadre du fonctionnement ordinaire de l’établissement. Les conséquences, en termes de santé au travail, sont discutées dans une dernière partie. This paper presents the first part of on the field research into "successful ambition networks" in France, whose prescription reconfigures both the organisation and content of the work of those involved: head teachers, inspectors and tutors. To show the relationships between the organisation, supervision and activities of teachers, this paper presents an ergonomic approach which confronts, through interviews and observations, the supposedly acquired professional conduct of this personnel in work collectives. In the first part it shows the limits of scientific knowledge available (in the school, head teachers, inspectors, the work of teachers in the classroom) to highlight "new" work relationships. In the second part it shows how this new reconfiguration, which does not require collective work to be reorganised, prevents the development of an organisational activity (collective and individual), deployed in the everyday running of schools. The consequences, in terms of occupational health, are discussed in the final part. Este texto presenta la primera etapa de una investigación sobre el terreno, referente a las “redes ambición y éxito” en Francia, cuya prescripción reconfigura tanto la organización como el contenido del trabajo de los protagonistas : jefe de establecimiento, inspección territorial y “profesores referentes”. Para tener en cuenta las relaciones entre la organización, los mandos y las actividades de los profesores, este artículo presenta un procedimiento ergonómico que compara, a través de entrevistas y de observaciones, las profesionalidades que se suponen adquiridas y movilizadas por estas personas en los colectivos de trabajo. Muestra en una primera parte los limites de los conocimientos científicos disponibles (sobre el establecimiento, los jefes de establecimiento, los cuerpos de inspección, el trabajo de los profesores en la clase) para rendir cuentas de las “nuevas” relaciones profesionales. En una segunda parte muestra cómo esta nueva reconfiguración, que no exige una reorganización del trabajo colectivo, impide el desarrollo de una actividad organizativa (colectiva e individual), diariamente desplegada de manera invisible en el marco del funcionamiento corriente del establecimiento. Las consecuencias, en términos de salud laboral, se debaten en una última parte.

International audience; This paper presents the first part of on the field research into "successful ambition networks" in France, whose prescription reconfigures both the organisation and content of the work of those involved: head teachers, inspectors and tutors. To show the relationships between the organisation, supervision and activities of teachers, this paper presents an ergonomic approach which confronts, through interviews and observations, the supposedly acquired professional conduct of this personnel in work collectives. In the first part it shows the limits of scientific knowledge available (in the school, head teachers, inspectors, the work of teachers in the classroom) to highlight "new" work relationships. In the second part it shows how this new reconfiguration, which does not require collective work to be reorganised, prevents the development of an organisational activity (collective and individual), deployed in the everyday running of schools. The consequences, in terms of occupational health, are discussed in the final part.; Este texto presenta la primera etapa de una investigación sobre el terreno, referente a las “redes ambición y éxito” en Francia, cuya prescripción reconfigura tanto la organización como el contenido del trabajo de los protagonistas : jefe de establecimiento, inspección territorial y “profesores referentes”. Para tener en cuenta las relaciones entre la organización, los mandos y las actividades de los profesores, este artículo presenta un procedimiento ergonómico que compara, a través de entrevistas y de observaciones, las profesionalidades que se suponen adquiridas y movilizadas por estas personas en los colectivos de trabajo. Muestra en una primera parte los limites de los conocimientos científicos disponibles (sobre el establecimiento, los jefes de establecimiento, los cuerpos de inspección, el trabajo de los profesores en la clase) para rendir cuentas de las “nuevas” relaciones profesionales. En una segunda parte muestra cómo esta nueva reconfiguración, que no exige una reorganización del trabajo colectivo, impide el desarrollo de una actividad organizativa (colectiva e individual), diariamente desplegada de manera invisible en el marco del funcionamiento corriente del establecimiento. Las consecuencias, en términos de salud laboral, se debaten en una última parte.; Ce texte présente la première étape d’une recherche de terrain sur les « réseaux ambition réussite » en France, dont la prescription reconfigure à la fois l’organisation et le contenu du travail des protagonistes : chef d’établissement, inspecteur territorial et « professeurs référents ». Pour rendre compte des rapports entre l’organisation, l’encadrement et les activités des professeurs, cet article utilise une démarche ergonomique qui confronte, à travers des entretiens et des observations, les professionnalités supposées acquises et mobilisées par ces personnels dans des collectifs de travail. Il montre dans une première partie les limites des connaissances scientifiques disponibles (sur l’établissement, les chefs d’établissement, le corps d’inspection, le travail des enseignants en classe) pour rendre compte des « nouveaux » rapports professionnels. Il montre, dans une seconde partie, comment cette nouvelle reconfiguration, n'appelle pas une réorganisation du travail collectif et empêche le développement d’une activité organisationnelle (collective et individuelle), quotidiennement déployée de façon invisible dans le cadre du fonctionnement ordinaire de l’établissement. Les conséquences, en termes de santé au travail, sont discutées dans une dernière partie.

L'activité collective se définit comme une articulation entre le travail collectif et le collectif de travail. Le travail collectif correspond aux modes de coopération et de collaboration entre les membres d'une équipe. Il facilite dans certains cas la mise en œuvre de régulations individuelles et collectives pour gérer les perturbations issues de situations caractérisées par des conflits de but et donnent une ressource à chacun pour ne pas être seul face à la diversité des prescriptions, notamment par des processus de réélaboration des règles. Le collectif de travail correspond au fonctionnement des relations dans l'équipe, au genre professionnel et aux règles de métier. Il est issu d'un débat et il contribue à organiser celui-ci entre les professionnels sur le sens du travail, la reconnaissance des gestes de métier, les critères du travail bien fait. La combinaison du travail collectif et du collectif de travail dans l'activité collective favorise le développement des compétences et peut être une ressource pour la santé individuelle et le développement de la vitalité du collectif de travail.

Submitted by Boris Flegr (boris@uerj.br) on 2021-01-07T18:33:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Thiago Moraes.pdf: 3449192 bytes, checksum: df1959c6b9adc4eacf2d8f6eeb096c5f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-07T18:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Thiago Moraes.pdf: 3449192 bytes, checksum: df1959c6b9adc4eacf2d8f6eeb096c5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-30 About 20 years ago, initiated in Brazil's urban area a work activity: that of the motoboys, which has become common for the delivery of products to costumers. Parallel to the growth of this occupational activity, the number of grave and fatal accidents involving motorcycle riders on the Brazilian roadways have been increasing and calling the attention of public heath officials. In trying to comprehend the questions that surrounds this phenomenon, one can observe a small but consistent number of academic research that focuses on this profession. Still, despite these efforts, there remains only a limited number of studies which aim to comprehend this activity. Even less, are those who research the dimensions of the collective produced by the professionals (such as work collective or gender collective), as well as their effects on the constitution of knowledge, of discourse, of values, and of confronting strategies to diverse constraints of the activity, in particular de dimensions of accident risks. This thesis proposes to respond specifically to these questions. For this purpose, an exploratory research containing two methodological perspectives was developed. The first, a quantitative gathering of the diverse aspects of the courier s job, such as the profile of the professional, the organization of the work, and some effects on the worker, made possible by the application of 189 questionnaires applied on a proportional population of the professionals who transits on the main roads of the city of Vitória. On the other hand, a study was developed, based on the principles of both Ergology and on different clinical approaches to work, especially the Activity Clinic and the Work Psicodinamics , through which one strived to accoplish an analysis of the work activity in partnership with the workers, aiming to identify the dimensions of the collective that are produced through the means of work, as well as knowledge, individual and collective strategies do deal with the demands, the pressures, and the contradictions and the eventuality of the everyday. It stands out in this qualitative stage, the development of an etnografic proximity of workers and the utilization of the auto-confrontations techniques and the instructions to the look-alike , being that these two were obtained thru the Clinical Activity. As a result, one can observe the existence of countless knowleges produced and/or shared by the collective, such as an evaluation of the services, time management, route planning, the mobilization of solidary network, the management of transgressions, the manners of conduction, as well as the collective strategies do deal with the risks, from which stands out the positive exploration of the risks and strategies based on the potential of virility, the capacity of anticipation, and the precaution of taking care of oneself by signaling the presence of the professionals in the street traffics. One concludes, from this analysis, that there exists a work collective, and more specifically, the existence of a professional genre which is in the process of construction. This, on the other hand, is contaminated by countless contradictions and resistance that could potentially be attenuating towards impeding the manifestation of this work collective in all its potential. Há cerca de 20 anos, inicia-se no Brasil uma atividade de trabalho nas áreas urbanas: o serviço de motoboys, que vem se tornando comum na distribuição de produtos aos clientes. Em paralelo ao crescimento dessa atividade ocupacional, a quantidade de motociclistas que se acidentam grave ou fatalmente nas vias brasileiras está em pleno crescimento, razão pela qual os motoboys vêm chamando atenção das autoridades de Saúde Pública. Tentando compreender as questões que estão na base e em torno desse fenômeno, inicia-se no país um pequeno, mas consistente, conjunto de produções acadêmicas sobre a profissão. Porém, ainda são poucos os estudos que procuram compreender a atividade de trabalho dos motoboys. Menos ainda, são os que investigam dimensões do coletivo produzidas pelos profissionais (tais como o coletivo de trabalho ou o gênero profissional), bem como seus efeitos na constituição de saberes, discursos, valores e estratégias de enfrentamentos aos diversos contraintes da atividade, em particular as dimensões do risco de acidentes de trabalho. Visando responder especificamente a essa questão, é que se propõe esse trabalho. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa exploratória em duas perspectivas metodológicas: por um lado um levantamento quantitativo sobre diversos aspectos do trabalho dos motoboys, tais como o perfil do trabalhador, a organização do trabalho e alguns efeitos no trabalhador; essa etapa se deu por meio da aplicação de 189 questionários aplicados em uma amostra proporcional à população identificada de trabalhadores nos principais corredores viários do município de Vitória. Por outro lado, se empreendeu um estudo, baseado nos princípios da Ergologia e em diferentes abordagens clínicas do trabalho, especialmente a Clínica da Atividade e a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, por meio do qual se pretendeu realizar uma análise da atividade de trabalho em parceria com os trabalhadores, procurando identificar as dimensões do coletivo que são produzidas por meio do trabalho, bem como os saberes e estratégias individuais e coletivas para lidar com as exigências, as pressões, as contradições e as eventualidades do cotidiano. Destaca-se, nessa etapa qualitativa, a realização de uma aproximação etnográfica dos trabalhadores e a utilização das técnicas da autoconfrontação e das instruções ao sósia, essas duas obtidas via Clínica da Atividade. Como resultado, observou-se a existência de inúmeros saberes produzidos e/ou partilhados pelo coletivo, tais como a avaliação dos serviços, a gestão do tempo, o planejamento da rota, a mobilização da rede solidária, a gestão das transgressões, os modos de conduzir, bem como as estratégias coletivas para lidar com o risco, dentre os quais se destacam a exploração positiva do risco e as estratégias baseadas na potência da virilidade, a capacidade de antecipação, ou o cuidado na proteção de si por meio da sinalização da presença do trabalhador em trânsito nas vias. Conclui-se, dessa análise, a existência de um coletivo de trabalho e, mais particularmente, de um gênero profissional em franca constituição. Este, em contrapartida, está eivado de inúmeras contradições e embates que, potencialmente, podem estar atuando para o impedimento da manifestação desse coletivo de trabalho em toda a sua potência

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:16:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pages from INTRODUCAO1.pdf: 492067 bytes, checksum: de101e666c6e084ffd3ee88262d1497b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-18 This work had as purpose the analysis of the democratic administration of a school of the Sistema S, specifically the Educational Center SESI no. 406, located in the city of Mauá, one of the 211 schools that compose the School Net SESI of the State of São Paulo, in the period from 2001 to 2007, had as reference the analysis of the historical context of the fights joined by the democratization of the society in the period that the military dictatorship happens. The teaching as right of all, the participation mechanisms, the school community's insert in the decisive processes and the construction of the democratic administration of the school, were movements that accompanied the process of redemocratization of the society in the beginning of the decade of 1980. The study discusses the trace roads for the conquest of the democratic administration, identifying changes and the transformations happened in the period in subject. We used as resource for the collection of data the analysis of documents of the institution, the participant observation, the collection of written depositions and students' engravings, teachers and the school community's other members. The results evidence the positive recognition of the actors' social interviewees group with relationship to the progresses of the democratic administration, considered a process in construction. We ended with Coutinho (2002) that the democracy should be understood not how a state, but always as a process. Este trabalho teve como propósito a análise da gestão democrática de uma escola do Sistema S, especificamente o Centro Educacional SESI Nº 406, localizado na cidade de Mauá, uma das 211 escolas que compõem a Rede Escolar SESI do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2007, tendo como referência a análise do contexto histórico das lutas travadas pela democratização da sociedade no período que sucede a ditadura militar. O ensino como direito de todos, os mecanismos de participação, a inserção da comunidade escolar nos processos decisórios e a construção da gestão democrática da escola, foram movimentos que acompanharam o processo de redemocratização da sociedade no início da década de 1980. O estudo discute os caminhos trilhados para a conquista da gestão democrática, identificando mudanças e as transformações ocorridas no período em questão. Utilizamos como recurso para a coleta de dados a análise de documentos da instituição, a observação participante, a coleta de depoimentos escritos e gravados de alunos, professores e demais integrantes da comunidade escolar. Os dados desta pesquisa revelam que a mudança de postura do gestor, no sentido de possibilitar a diluição do poder, é imprescindível para a ruptura dos modelos de administração verticalizada e centralizadora, tendo este o gestor o papel fundamental de articulador das ações que priorizem o coletivo. Os resultados evidenciam o reconhecimento positivo do conjunto de atores sociais entrevistados quanto aos avanços da gestão democrática, considerada é um processo em construção. Concluímos com Coutinho (2004), que a democracia deve ser entendida não como um estado, mas sempre como um processo.