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Wine tourism, traditionally understood as an activity practised by adults, has been suggested as a tourism form also adequate and interesting for families with children. However, both literature and practice do not consider this segment to the extent it, arguably, may deserve. Many challenges are associated with the creation of wine tourism offerings for children. Even so, wine estates and destinations attract families, not only for their wine-related attributes but also for their rural and cultural appeal. In Central Portugal, the Dão and Bairrada wine routes cover tourist regions strongly linked to family tourism. Nevertheless, there is a lack of wine tourism offerings targeting this segment. Likewise, there are no know studies on wineries' managers perceptions of this market. Thus, this study aims to identify and analyse how wine estates and wineries from these wine routes cater to families with children, to understand the managers' perception of benefits and challenges of targeting this market, and to examine the existing child-friendly tourism supply. The results, derived from the content analysis of 29 interviews with wineries' managers, reveal that, despite an inclusive and receptive discourse towards the presence of children, the attractions still do not offer services and experiences specifically designed for this segment. Except for a few innovative attractions, families are welcomed with improvisations to entertain the little ones while their parents carry out wine-related activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profit is a measure of the success of enterprises, it is quantified from the difference between revenues and costs. It fulfils several functions, whether distributive, accumulative, motivational. Many factors influence its formation and development. Profit represents an internal source of financing for business activity. The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the formation and development of profit or loss and its forms in selected wineries in Slovakia. In Slovakia, the wine industry has a long tradition. The paper was focused on the evaluation of costs, revenues as two important factors affecting the formation of the profit or loss. Profit/loss was reflected in the quantification and analysis of profitability indicators, which are referred to as profitability, return indicators. Based on the results of calculations of individual indicators, it can be stated that the set of 120 wineries showed a profit, which positively affected the values of profitability indicators. Wineries showed a loss only from financial area

This study investigates the presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their metabolites in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) situated in South Wales, UK (WWTP-1 and WWTP-2). Analysis was conducted for 35 NPS and metabolites, along with the inclusion of benzoylecgonine (main cocaine metabolite) and cannabis, the most detected illicit substances. Benzoylecgonine was identified as the predominant substance in both WWTPs. Epidemiological calculations revealed the average population consumption of cocaine to be 3.88 mg/d/1000 inhabitants around WWTP-1 and 1.97 mg/d/1000 inhabitants for WWTP-2. The removal efficiency of benzoylecgonine across both WWTPs was observed at an average of 73%. Subsequent qualitative analyses on randomly selected wastewater samples detected medicinal compounds including buprenorphine, methadone, and codeine in both WWTPs. An additional experiment employing enzymatic hydrolysis revealed the presence of morphine, an increased presence of codeine, and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-THC (THC-COOH) post-hydrolysis. These findings underscore the significant presence of illicit substances and medicinal compounds in wastewater systems with the absence of NPS within the South Wales area, highlighting the necessity for enhanced monitoring and treatment strategies to address public health and environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing global food demand and the urgent need for production processes optimization, plant protection products play a key role in safeguarding crops from insects, pests, and fungi, responsible of plant diseases proliferation and yield losses. Despite the inaccurate distribution of conventional aerial spraying performed by airplanes and helicopters, Unmanned Aerial Spraying Systems (UASSs) offer low health risks and operational cost solutions, preserving crops and soil from physical damage. This study explores the impact of UASS flight height (2 m and 2.5 m above ground level), speed (1 m s−1 and 1.5 m s−1), and position (over the canopy and the inter-row) on vineyard aerial spraying efficiency by analysing Water Sensitive Papers droplet coverage, density, and Number Median Diameter using a MATLAB script. Flight position factor, more than others, influenced the application results. The specific configuration of 2 m altitude, 1.5 m s−1 cruising speed, and inter-row positioning yielded the best results in terms of canopy coverage, minimizing off-target and ground dispersion, and represented the best setting to facilitate droplets penetration, reaching the lowest parts generally more affected from disease. Further research is needed to assess UASS aerial PPP distribution effectiveness and environmental impact in agriculture, crucial for technology implementation, especially in countries where aerial treatments are not yet permitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper analyses the behaviour of wineries after an economic crisis depending on their interest in the environment. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was drawn up to collect quantitative data on Spanish wineries; a total of 230 firms participated in the study. Subsequently, a detailed statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and rank sum. Findings: The results show that the wineries that were most interested in sustainability exhibited proactive behaviour during the post-crisis period, choosing to innovate in their different areas in order to deal with the situation. Practical implications: The paper develops a simple and effective method for wineries to gain confidence that their sustainable behaviour will be compatible with innovating and overcoming a crisis. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature because, to the authors' knowledge, no other study has investigated the concepts of sustainability, crisis and innovation simultaneously. The model is also applicable to international wineries as well as companies in other sectors and would help them to define their strategic and sustainability plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The braided cord vineyard management system of the La Orotava Valley (Canary Islands, Spain) is a unique technique in the world that has been developed in the northern area of the island of Tenerife since the introduction of the first strains from Europe after the conquest of the Canary Islands and that synthesizes the unique wine cultural landscape of the territory. The future sustainability of this landscape seems to be inescapably linked to policies in favour of environmental, social and economic development, primarily through wine tourism. To do this, the methodology addresses the opinions of 16 in-depth interviews of key informants from the sector to understand this cultural landscape's degree of use and enhancement. The results indicate significant progress in the revaluation and sustainability of the braided cord system (BCS) as part of the public–private strategy in search of its recognition as a BIC. Likewise, the winery sector recognizes the need to move towards a management model for the wine sector of the La Orotava Valley, where wine tourism has a more significant role, that seems to be closed based on the projects and initiatives under development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ensures successful fermentation in winemaking, although the persistent use of commercial strains lead to the loss of aroma complexity of wines. Hence, the research of indigenous S. cerevisiae with proper oenological features and well adapted to specific wine-growing areas become of great interest for winemakers. Here, 206 pure cultures of S. cerevisiae were isolated from two wineries during a two-year sampling campaign and bio-typed through interdelta sequences analyses with the aim to evaluate the occurrence and persistence of the S. cerevisiae wild population linked to each winery. Both wineries belong to the same Verdicchio DOC wine area (Castelli di Jesi), and never used commercial yeasts during fermentation. Results showed 19 different biotypes with a specific population of S. cerevisiae in each winery, without cross-contamination with each other and with commercial starter strains. Moreover, inside each winery a persistence of some dominant biotypes was observed over time (three biotypes in winery 1; 95% of isolates in the two years and one biotype in winery 2; 20% of isolates in the two years), indicating a sort of "winery-effect". The evaluation of S. cerevisiae populations for the oenological characters by microfermentations showed a proper and well distinct aromatic imprinting on the resulted wines supporting the concept of "winery effect". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory scale continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) has been developed for ultrasound-assisted Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B dye in simulated wastewater and its performances have been studied in the present work. The sono-reactor was made of glass, 6 cm in diameter and 17.5 cm in height; fitted with a cooling water jacket. The volume was about 0.4 L and the flow rate of dye solution was 20 mL min−1. Ultrasound was provided with a 120 W probe-type sonicator. The hydrodynamic characteristics were studied by RTD studies and CFD analysis in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The CFD analysis showed the reactor to be behaving like a CSTR with bypassing leading to a short residence time. The optimum treatment conditions in this reactor for degrading Rhodamine B solution were determined using Response Surface Methodology. A model equation correlating the decolorization percentage with the initial dye concentration, H2O2 and Fe2+ dosage (Fenton's reagent) was developed which can predict the decolorization with a high degree of accuracy. Under optimum conditions, the percent decolorization was 55 and the corresponding COD removal was 15 %. A continuous sono-Fenton reactor, if scaled up properly, can be useful for degradation of dark coloured refractory organics in wastewater where photo-Fenton reaction is ineffective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine tourism provides a multisensory experience through various wine tourism activities. It also adds value to the regions and their producers by enhancing the wine knowledge and sensory experience of the visitors. This study explores the determinants of brand love in wine tourism. Using survey data from wine tourists in Portugal, a structural equation modelling was performed to test the conceptual model. An Importance-performance matrix analysis was also used to obtain additional insights. The results show that the wine tourism enhances brand love. This implies that emotions (i.e., a sense of belonging) towards the overall location is associated with the satisfaction and the quality perception that the winery exhibits. Furthermore, although the consumer's active participation in wine tourism does not impact brand love directly, its influences occur through the mediating effect of the relation quality. From an interdisciplinary managerial perspective, the present study provides insights into tourism management (i.e., wine tourism) and marketing (i.e., brand management and consumer behaviour). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies the opportunities and threats perceived by winery managers in the new general environment after to Covid-19. The sample comprised 66 wineries located in the Canary Islands (Spain), whose managers answered a questionnaire. This region has a long wine tradition and it has been re-developed and reborn via quality since the 1990s. Rasch analysis and its Differential Item Functioning (DIF) were used to process the information as novel competitive analysis tools. The main opportunities found are the islands' climate, in addition to the social values and lifestyle. The main threats are the unemployment rate and, with less much negative influence, all the restrictions and regulations derived from Covid-19. The only difference considering age and size of wineries is the influence of the climate: wineries that have been active for more than 30 years perceive it even as a greater opportunity, than the youngest ones. The results are useful both for existing wineries and for potential entrepreneurs who want to open a business in this sector to effectively focus their efforts on the existing opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study serves a dual purpose: firstly, to identify the pivotal architectural components within wine tourism offerings that contribute to a lasting and memorable experience; and secondly, to explore their correlation with the four customer experience realms (4Es). The investigation operates at a micro level, focusing on a specific category of winery - small, family-owned establishments - in an emerging wine destination. Employing a netnography approach, the research design centers on a thematic analysis of visitor reviews sourced from TripAdvisor. The ensuing results are quantified to ascertain the significance of individual factors. A total of 137 reviews spanning the period from June 2013 to May 2022 were manually extracted and coded using MaxQDA. This study's rationale rests upon two key premises: firstly, the scarcity of research within the specific context of emerging wine destinations from the post-Eastern bloc; and secondly, the limited exploration of the nexus between wine tourism drivers and consumer experiences. The most influential drivers shaping memorable wine tourism encounters that we identified are "people" and "wine", predominantly associated with the escapist and aesthetic dimensions of experience. These findings diverge markedly from prior research, where the escapist dimension typically received minimal attention. Theoretically, our results enrich understanding by elucidating how the four dimensions of the wine tourist experience intersect with the attributes of the tourism offering, thereby serving as a potential model for future investigations. Moreover, wineries stand to gain valuable insights for product design aimed at enhancing the overall consumer experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]