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Wild rice relatives (WRRs) have been used by breeders to draw genes needed to develop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases and can adapt to adverse environments, especially to climate change. This study was conducted to reassess the presence of WRRs in their natural habitats. A total of 14 WRR were collected: three samples of O. meyeriana, nine samples of O. minuta, and two samples of O. rufipogon from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. In comparison with previous recollection and recanvassing mission and deposited WRR at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Genetic Resources Center (GRC), we see the existence of O. meyeriana population in new sites in Salong and Magballo, Kabankalan in Negros Occidental, Visayas while O. minuta confirms previously identified natural habitat in Pangil, Laguna in Luzon; however, new sites were identified in Magballo, Kabankalan, Negros Occidental. O. rufipogon populations were still found in Lake Apo, as previously reported but limited publication on the populations found in Lake Napalit - both in Bukidnon, Mindanao. Further study is needed to characterize the existing WRRs and expand the recanvassing sites to develop a more holistic conservation program in support to pre-breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice breeding was conducted for a long time during historical times and is an important job in Vietnam because rice is the major food for domestic consumption and export. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive insight into the importance of promising rice germplasm resources, breeding achievements, and breeding approaches as well as discussed challenges and perspectives of rice breeding in this country. With rice germplasm and wild rice relative resources with rich and various genetic diversity, their useful genes and traits have been exploited and integrated into commercial varieties as the final outputs of rice breeding programs. New achievements of the modern genetics era have been approached and effectively contributed to breeding activities in this country. Genome sequences, molecular breeding, and mutation are powerful tools and playing vital roles in developing new varieties with characteristics of interest that should be followed by the current market demands. In the last decades, there has been a plethora of newly generated varieties by Vietnamese scientists and rice breeders and approved by the state authorities. However, very few domestic mega varieties have prevailed over the imported varieties. Therefore, rice breeding in this country is faced with big challenges, including limitations of backgrounds, budgets, and even talents in basic research to compete with other rice-producing countries. The target goals and long-term approaches for rice breeding should be paid explicitly in priority to ensure national food security and the advantage and development of rice breeding in this country.

Rice breeding was conducted for a long time during historical times and is an important job in Vietnam because rice is the major food for domestic consumption and export. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive insight into the importance of promising rice germplasm resources, breeding achievements, and breeding approaches as well as discussed challenges and perspectives of rice breeding in this country. With rice germplasm and wild rice relative resources with rich and various genetic diversity, their useful genes and traits have been exploited and integrated into commercial varieties as the final outputs of rice breeding programs. New achievements of the modern genetics era have been approached and effectively contributed to breeding activities in this country. Genome sequences, molecular breeding, and mutation are powerful tools and playing vital roles in developing new varieties with characteristics of interest that should be followed by the current market demands. In the last decades, there has been a plethora of newly generated varieties by Vietnamese scientists and rice breeders and approved by the state authorities. However, very few domestic mega varieties have prevailed over the imported varieties. Therefore, rice breeding in this country is faced with big challenges, including limitations of backgrounds, budgets, and even talents in basic research to compete with other rice-producing countries. The target goals and long-term approaches for rice breeding should be paid explicitly in priority to ensure national food security and the advantage and development of rice breeding in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]