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The purpose of the research is to study the anthelmintic efficacy of suspensions based on a combined solid dispersion of Fenbendazole and Niclosamide.Materials and methods. Mechanochemistry methods were used to prepare suspensions of Fenbendazole (FBZ) and Niclosamide (NSM) substances, in particular, liquid phase grinding of substances with additives (licorice extract, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)) in water or in aqueous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) solution. The grinding was conducted in LE-101 roller mill at energy intensity of 1 g for 1 hour at a roll rotation speed of 60–70 rpm. The resulting suspension samples of combined FBZ and NSM dispersions were studied for cestodocidal activity on a laboratory model of hymenolepiosis of white mice that were infected at a dose of 200 infective Hymenolepis nana eggs per animal.Results and discussion. The 100% efficacy of a combined NaCMC-based drug suspension containing FBZ 13 mg and NSM 130 mg in 1 g of suspension was achieved at a dose of 20 mg/kg of NSM and 2 mg/kg of FBZ. The suspension based on licorice extract, NaCMC, and dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt containing FBZ 18.6 mg and NSM 186 mg in 1 g of suspension at the same dose, i.e. 20 mg/kg of NSM and 2 mg/kg of FBZ showed 71.43% efficacy against H. nana. The suspension based on licorice extract and NaCMC containing FBZ 24.6 mg and NSM 246 mg in 1 g of suspension at the same dose showed a 62.0% effect against H. nana. The activity of the basic drug, the FBZ and NSM suspension was 28.58% at this dose without using mechano-chemical treatment.

The purpose of the research is to analyze the dynamics of fenbendazole (FBZ) and niclozamide (NZM) release from their solid dispersions (SD) of various compositions by dialysis through various semipermeable membranes in model systems that correspond to stomach and intestine environments. To evaluate the parasitocidal activity of experimental mixture compositions.Materials and methods. The study used substances of FBZ and NZM, and the polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Mechanical processes were carried out in a LE-101 roller mill and an AGO-2 orbital centrifugal mill at different power density levels. The resulting SD of various compositions were studied for solubility. The dynamics of FBZ and NZM substance release from the SD were studied in a laboratory setup consisting of a temperature controlled glass with buffer solutions with pH = 9.18 (intestinal environment) and pH = 1.0 (stomach environment). The substance concentration in the dialysate was determined by HPLC and UV spectroscopy. The resulting complex SD of FBZ and NZM were studied for cestodocidal activity in a laboratory model of hymenolepiosis of white mice.Results and discussion. It was found that the substances release into a buffer solution with pH = 9.18 from the SD obtained in the roller mill is higher than that of the SD obtained in the AGO activator. The dialysis of the experimental compounds in a model system with a gastric juice medium observed only FBZ substance penetration through the membrane, which can be explained by protonation of the FBZ molecule which is a weak base. The NZM molecule, being a neutral molecule, does not penetrate through the semi-permeable partition into the hydrochloric acid environment; it remains entirely inside the dialysis bag. High anthelmintic efficacy rates (up to 100%) of SD complex FBZ : NZM : PVP obtained in the AGO activator and in the roller mill were recorded for the SD of composition 2 : 20 : 78 in the mice with hymenolepiosis. The activity of the base drug, the niclozamide substance, was 27.69%, which is 3 times lower than the activity of the resulting complex dispersions.

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various technological factors on obtaining of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics with polyvinylpyrrolidone and licorice extract on anthelmintic efficacy in experimental trichinellosis of white mice.Materials and methods. The study of the nematodocidal activity of complex solid dispersions samples based on fenbendazole (FBZ), fenasal (FNS) and praziquantel (PZQ) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and licorice extract (LE) obtained by mechanochemical technology at different ratios of components and different exposure times was carried out on 130 white mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis in two experiments. On the 3rd day after infection, the animals were divided into experimental groups of 10 animals each. Samples of various complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics were administered intragastrically to the mice of the experimental groups at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. FBZ substance was used as the basic drug at a dose of 2 mg/kg according to the active substance. Animals of the control groups did not receive the drugs. The animals were killed by decapitation on the 4th day after experimental drug samples administration, and the activity of the drugs was counted according to the results of helminthological necropsy of the intestine, the efficacy was calculated by the type of control test.Results and discussion. The efficacy of complex solid dispersions of FBZ and FNS with PVP polymer was higher in comparison with the activity of complexes with LE at the same duration of mechanochemical treatment in a roller mill. The FBZ activity decreased from 67.05 to 37.77% with a decrease in the duration of mechanochemical treatment from 24 h to 5 h and the efficacy of the FBZ : FNS complex with LE turned out to be almost at the level of the basic drug when treated for 1 h. The use of mechanochemical technology for obtaining of a solid dispersion of FBZ : FNS with PVP for targeted delivery makes it possible to increase the anthelmintic efficacy by 2.7 times compared with the activity of the FBZ substance, and with LE by 2.2 times. It was noted that complex solid dispersions of PBZ with PZQ have lower biological activity in comparison with compositions of FBZ with FNS.

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is one of the most widely used drugs in veterinary medicine. Modification of its physicochemical properties, in particular the parameter of solubility, contributes to a change in its biological activity, which is shown on the model of trichinellosis of white mice. An analysis of methods of obtaining new preparations of fenbendazole is presented: solid dispersions of fenbendazole with polymers, as well as combinations with polymers and succinic acid (SA) and mixed crystals of FBZ with SA. The concentration of the active substance, the stability, and the effect on biological activity were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium, an intestinal pathogen that can cause intestinal inflammation. Antimicrobial peptides are a class of small molecule peptides, which has good antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-positive and negative bacteria. In this regard, the authors aimed to study the effect of the antimicrobial peptide MPX, which was administered orally, on the intestinal wall of mice infected with the intestinal barrier function, which were infected with E. coli. Synthesis and purification of the antimicrobial peptide MPX (H-INWKGIAAMAKKLL-NH2) was performed by Jier Sheng Hua (Shanghai, China). Mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for this purpose. Escherichia Coli (O157: H7 ATCC43889) was isolated from human faeces in which haemolytic uremic syndrome was reported. Solid LB agar (Solarbio, China) was used to isolate enterohemorrhagic E. coli. The culture was obtained from the Chinese Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (Beijing, China). The results of necropsy found that using of an orally administered MPX could alleviate the damage of E. coli to the liver, spleen, and the lungs were less affected. According to H&E results in case of an orally administered MPX group considerably relieved duodenum and organs on day 7 and day 28. qRT-PCR results showed orally administered MPX could reduce the inflammation-related factors in the mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-6 and TNF-α on day 7 and day 28. In addition, orally administered MPX could significantly increase them RNA expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and Zo-1 on day 7 and day 28. The results of immune histochemistry further showed that an orally administered MPX could increase the mRNA expression of MUC2 in jejunum. The above results showed that orally administered MPX could alleviate the attack of E. coli on the intestinal tract of mice, relieve intestinal inflammation, and improve the intestinal barrier function. This study lays a theoretical foundation for adding antimicrobial peptides to food. In orally administered MPX authors can see reducing the mRNA expression of inflammation-related factors, thereby alleviating the intestinal inflammation caused by E. coli infection in mice. Authors can add that orally administered MPX shows an increase in mRNA expression of tight junction protein in intestines and improves the intestinal barrier function. This study lays the foundation for adding antimicrobial peptides to food to relieve inflammation and improve barrier function in clinical practices

The purpose of the research is conducting pharmaco-toxicological assessment of Gelmintal Mini Syrup based on a combination of moxidectin and toltrazuril. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 64 white male rats and 40 white mice. Each animal species was divided into 4 equivalent groups of 6–10 animals each. When studying acute toxicity, the drug was administered in the form of a syrup (without dilution) to animals once at doses of 11 400, 22 800 and 28 500 mg/kg; when studying subchronic toxicity, the drug was administered daily for 14 days at doses of 570, 1425 and 2850 mg/kg (1/10 and 1/20 and 1/50 of the maximum possible dose administered into the stomach according to the vivisection results). When studying acute toxicity, the animals were followed up for 14 days; we recorded the general condition and behavior of the animals, changes in their body weight, the manifestation of toxic symptoms or possible death. When studying subchronic toxicity, the animals were followed up during the entire period of the drug use (14 days); on the 15th and 24th days of the experiment, we performed euthanasia, collected the blood to determine hematological and biochemical values, and carried out macroscopic examination of the organs. Results and discussion. We did not record the animals’ death at doses of 11 400, 22 800 and 28 500 mg/kg; and no signs of intoxication were noted for the entire follow-up period. LD50 of Gelmintal Mini Syrup exceeds the dose of 28500 mg/kg, i.e. the drug is classified as the 4th hazard class. The results of the studied subchronic toxicity showed that the drug was inactive at doses of 570 mg/kg, 1425 and 2850 mg/kg when administered orally for 14 days.

The purpose of the research is studying acute toxicity of supramolecular complexes of fenbendazole with different polymers obtained by mechanochemical technology as compared to the substance of the drug when administered to the stomach of white mice. Materials and methods. The acute toxicity parameters of supramolecular complexes of fenbendazole (SMCF) with different polymers were studied under the “Guide to experimental (preclinical) study of new pharmacological substances” and other rules. The drugs were administered once to the stomach of white mice of both genders with a body weight of 16–18 g at doses of 7,000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 mg/kg by the drug. Each dose was tested on 10 white mice. For 14 days, we observed the general condition and behavior of animals, symptoms of intoxication and possible death. Postmortem examination was performed for the dead animals. Acute toxicity was determined by Litchfield and Wilcoxon (M. D. Belenky, 1963). Results and discussion. LD50 of the SMCF and the major drug of fenbendazole could not be established due to low toxicity. LD50 of the SMCF administered to the stomach of white mice was 20 000 mg/kg.

A study of the protective activity of the Sage-leaved Rockrose extract (Cistus salviifolius) and the biologically active additive Forcys in the MDCK cell culture and on the model of lethal influenza pneumonia in white mice was carried out.The studied extract inhibited the reproduction of all used influenza viruses. The most sensitive to it were the viruses A/California/07/09 (H1N1)pdm09, A/mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84 (H5N2), and A/Vladivostok/02/09 (H1N1). The IC50 values of the listed viruses were 0.5, 0.5, and 0.4 μg/ml, and the selectivity indexes were 382, 382, and 478, respectively, which is characteristic for preparations with high antiviral activity. Type B influenza viruses were less sensitive to the extract.The inhibitory activity of the extract did not depend on the susceptibility or resistance of the viruses to the anti-influenza drugs used, oseltamivir and rimantadine. The reduction in specific mortality with influenza pneumonia in animals was 40% compared with the placebo group.The use of the biologically active supplement Forcys did not affect the infectious activity of the influenza virus in the tissues of the animals lungs and led to a moderate limitation of the degree of damage to lung tissue. The maximum effectiveness of the biologically active supplement Forcys was achieved with the therapeutic and prophylactic regimens of its use.

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In an experimental study to evaluate the immunopathological effect of transfer factor on the reticuloendothelial organs of white mice and their protection against their challenge infection with Salmonella typhi. The results of this study were showed the followings: 1. Transfer factor recipient group: it was showed an early granulomatous lesions in the liver. Reactive hyperplasia in the T cell regions of the spleen and mediastinal lymph node. The early granulomas were persisted during 7th day and slightly regressed on 14th day postinoculation. 2. Infected group with S. typhi: It was showed a multifocal microabscesses consisted of aggregates of neutrophils in the focal area of necrosis, which was evident during 7th day and gradually transform into granulomas on 14th day postinoculation. 3. Transfer factor recipient and challenge infection group: It was showed well developed granulomatous reactions, which indicate an emergence of cellular immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity reaction). These granulomas were more evident on 7th day and slightly regressed on 14th day postinoculation; providing a transfer factor role in tissue reaction and termination of infection.

The purpose of the research: to study acute toxicity and anthelmintic efficacy of khimedol, a new anthelmintic preparation. Materials and methods. Khimedol, anthelmintic preparation which was received by means of streamlined synthesis in the Institute Chemistry and Chemical Technology of National Academy of Science of Kyrgyz Republic was the object of the research (KG patent No. 1954, 2017). Experiments on identification of acute toxicity of khimedol were carried on 36 clinically healthy white mice of both genders with body weight about 18-22 g by means of oral supplementation of medication in the form of 10 % hydrous solution in dose of 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500 and 3,000 mg/kg of body weight. Statistical manipulation of digital materials was carried by the probit analysis method. Testing of anthelmintic efficacy of the medication was performed by control-test method on 40 lambs, which were infested by moniezia spontaneously. Khimedol was individually given to the lambs by mouth (per os) in a form of hydrous solution as a single dose of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg of body weight. Control animals were not undergone deworming. Flotation method was used for coprological surveys. Results and discussion. Maximum tolerated dose of khimedol (LD 0) for the white mice was 1,000 mg/kg, LD 16 - 1420 mg/kg, median lethal dose (LD 50) - 2,110 (1,563÷2,845.5) mg/kg, LD 84 - 2,970 mg/kg, and absolutely lethal dose (LD 100) - 3,000 mg/kg. Therefore, khimedol is a medication with low toxic potential to animals. During the experiments on testing the anthelmintic effectiveness of khimedol on sheep with monieziasis it has been established that the preparation exhibits its anthelmintic efficacy in a dose of 10 mg/kg: among 10 lambs 8 were treated from worms, and the number of eggs in 1 g of feces was decreased by 83.43%. Administration of khimedol in a dose of 20 and 30 mg/kg leads to full recovery of an animal from monieziasis (100%).

The purpose of the research is to characterize the methods for testing and assessment of efficiency of anthelmintics against trichinellosis and hymenolepidosis in laboratory model.Materials and methods. The literature and own research results have been analyzed as regards testing and efficiency assessment of anthelmintics against trichinellosis and hymenolepidosis in white mouse as a laboratory model weighting 14–16 g that was infected experimentally with Trichinella spiralis larvae in a dose of 200 larvae per specimen and with Hymenolepis nana eggs in a dose of 200 infective eggs per specimen. The medication efficiency was considered subject to the results of a small intestine autopsy on the 2nd and 4th days after the medications were injected to treat trichinellosis and hymenolepidosis in white mice accordingly.Results and discussion. A detailed description has been given for progressive methods to test medication and new chemical compound effect on nematode activity in white mice infected experimentally with T. spiralis, and on cestode activity in white mice infected experimentally with H. nana in a dose of 200 larvae and 100–200 eggs per specimen accordingly. In order to study effectiveness, the test medications were introduced into animals on the 3rd day in the trichinellosis case and on the 13th day in the hymenolepidosis case. Anthelmintic effectiveness was taken into consideration based on helminthologic autopsy of small intestines in animals on the 2nd and 4th days after the medications were given against T. spiralis и H. nana accordingly. The helminthes found in the experimental and control (uncured) animals were counted by a checkup analysis, namely, in comparison with the control animals.

Research objective – studying of a possibility of application antigen – stimulated cellular in vitro tests and technology of the cytometric analysis for control of immunogene activity of batches of vaccine plague live.Materials and methods. As biomodels used white laboratory mice, immunized commercial medicine of vaccine of the plague NIIEG line, live from a strain of Yersinia pestis EV, in doses – 8 х 102, 4 х 103, 2 х 104 and 1 х 105 of living microbic cells. Blood for a research was taken from intact mice and on 7, 14 and 21 days after immunization. The intensity of an antigenreaktivnost of lymphocytes was defined in cellular in vitro tests, analyzing a marker of early activation (CD45+CD3+CD25+) of lymphocytes with use of the monoclonal antibodies conjugated from fluorokhroma. As specific antigen used a complex of water-soluble antigens of a plague microbe.Results. As a result of a research it is shown that at the animals vaccinated by doses 4 х 103 – 1 х 105 living microbic cells, the highest level of an expression activation marker lymphocytes at anti-gene stimulation of in vitro is registered on 14 days after immunization, at the same time the quantity of CD25 – positive lymphocytes are on average 6.8 times higher, than in control group. High degree of direct link (coefficient of correlation of r = 1,000) quantities of the survived animals with increase in level of lymphocytes, expressiruyushchy markers of early activation – CD25 is established.Conclusions. The offered technique can be used as the additional test when studying degree of immunogenicity of new (kandidatny) vaccines against plague.

The article provides the results of studies conducted in 2017 on investigating the effect of the herbal extract of herbs (R.carthamoides, S. coronata, F. ulmaria) on the indices of the clinical condition (behavior, blood, internal organs) of non-linear white mice of both sexes with live weight 30 ± 1.0 g at the age of 3 months. The animals were divided into one control and three experimental groups of 15 mice each. The phytoextract dissolved in physiological solution was administered orally daily to the mice of the experimental groups for 7 days in doses: the first group 0.1 ml (0.65 mg of extractive substances), the second group 0.3 ml (1.95 mg) and the third group 0.5 ml (3.25 mg). In control - physiological solution in a dose of 0.5 ml. During the experiment, the general condition of the animals was observed. Before and after the experiment, the mice were weighed. When the experiment was completed, the mice were taken blood for a number of morphological and biochemical studies, including characterizing and antioxidant status. The effect of internal organs (liver, kidneys, spleen) on the mass was evaluated. The results of blood tests showed that in mice of the second experimental group, the number of erythrocytes in comparison with the control (4.2 x1012 kl / l) increased by 45% (6.1 x 1012kl / l), hemoglobin - by 6% (from 112 up to 119 g / l); total protein in serum by 7% (from 61.2 to 65.5 g / l), albumin - by 4% (from 73.5 to 76.5%), SH-group of proteins - by 54% (from 2,2 to 3.4 mmol / l), а-globulins decreased by 39% (from 14.2 to 8.7%), malonic dialdehyde - by 45% (from 6.3 to 3.5 μmol / l) ( P 0.05) differences and was within the regulatory limits.

The aim of the research was to study the chemical composition and toxic properties of plant phytocomplex, which have the most pronounced adaptogenic properties. Object of the study: a phytocomplex including levsea safflower (Rhaponticum carthamoides), serpent crown (Serratula coronata), fenugreev creeper (Filipendula ulmaria). Initially, the chemical composition was determined in selected plants, and then the alcohol extract from the phytocomplex was tested in white mice for toxicity. The toxicity study of extract of the studied phytocomplex was carried out on mice divided into 2 experiment and 2 control groups (n = 5 in each group), which was injected parenterally and intragastrically at once in a volume of 0.5 ml/mouse; the maximum dose of extractive substances of the phytocomplex was 2.5 g/kg of body weight in terms of dry matter. In the control, physiological saline was injected once in the same volume. Within 10 days the clinical condition of the animals was monitored. Before and after the experiment the blood was examined for the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin concentration. The results of studies of phytocomplex containing water-alcohol extracts of the herbs Rhaponticum carthamoides, Serratula coronata, Filipendula ulmaria, showed that the biologically active substances in it are: amino acids - aspartic (3.5.3.9 g/100 g), glutamic (2,5...3.0 g /100 g), leucine (1.9...2.0 g/100 g), tyrosine (1.2...1.4 g/100 g), lysine (1.6 g /100 g ); Vitamins C (62.0.77.0 mg /%), E (6.2 mg /%), carotenoids (65.0.113.0 mg /%), PP (11.5 mg /% ); Ecdysteroids (418.0.2170 mg / kg), and flavonoids (3.0.. .7.2% of the dry matter). All the herbs of the phytocomplex contain protein, sugars, vitamins, amino acids, tannins and flavonoids. Intragastric and intraperitoneal administration of the phytocomplex to white mice showed no toxic properties.

The paper presents the research materials on the influence of the phytobakterial complex FANTPLUS, including the microorganism Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuzea carthamoides D.C., on the clinical state (blood, behavioral responses, internal organs) of non-linear white mice aged 90 days. The experiment was carried out for 30 days on 25 white mice, divided into one control and 4 test groups of 5 mice each. Daily in the diet of mice of experimental groups FANTPLUS was administered at the rate of gram per mouse per day: the first one was 0.1; The second - 0.2; The third - 0.3; The fourth - 0.4. Throughout the observation period, the mice of all groups did not show abnormalities in the clinical state. The increase in body weight in comparison with baseline in the first trial group was 8.9%, in the second group - 11.3%, in the third group - 20.8%, in the fourth group - 18.0%, in control - 7.8% %. Pathologies from the internal organs (liver, kidneys, spleen) have not been revealed. Changes in body mass index, internal organs and blood occurred within the physiological norm for mice of this age group. The content of leukocytes increased by 11-24%, erythrocytes - by 12-28%, lymphocytes - by 11-21%; The relative distribution of erythrocytes by volume - by 22-62%. The concentration of hemoglobin increased by 5.8-15%, the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes by 2-10%, hematocrit increased in all test groups from 5 to 29%, the number of platelets by 4-6%, thrombocrit by 17-23%. The coefficient of large platelets increased by 18-40%. The Streeter index increased by 7-44%, and the opsonophagocytic index (OFI) by 12-53% in comparison with the control. Phytoplasmic phantom bacteria complex FANTPLYUS in a dose of 0.3 g / kg body weight of mice optimized the studied blood indices, increasing, in comparison with the control, the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit and thrombocrit. Similarly, the phytobacterial complex also influenced the immunological parameters, which was manifested by the intensification of the opsonophagocytic reaction.

Objective of research: studying of acute toxicity of supramolecular complexes of Fenbendazole developed using chemical mechanical technology in comparison with the substance of preparation injected to the stomach of white mice and rats. Materials and methods: The research of parameters of acute toxicity of the supramolecular complexes of Fenbendazole was conducted according to «Guidelines for experimental (pre-clinical) studies of new pharmaceutical compounds», and other rules. Preparations were injected to the stomach of white rats and mice of both gender with the body mass 160–180 and 18–20 g. at a single dose 7 000, 10 000, 15 000 and 20 000 mg/ kg, respectively. Each dose was investigated on 6 white rats and 10 white mice. Within 14 days we observed the general health status and behavior of animals, symptoms of intoxication and eventual death. We also conducted postmortem examinations of the fallen animals. The parameters of acute toxicity were determined by the method of Litchfield J. and Wilcoxon F. (M.D. Belen’ky, 1963). Results and discussion: It was not possible to detect LD50 in supramolecular complex of Fenbendazole and the base drug Fenbendazole due to the low toxicity. The maximum endurable dose of supramolecular complex no. 2 was 10 000 mg/kg, LD50 -value in supramolecular complex of Fenbendazole no. 2 at injection to the stomach of white mice and rats was 20 000 mg/kg.

The treatment of experimental hymenolepiasis in larval and imaginal stages of parasite development with praziquantel in combination with indomethacin or ibuprofen and a complex of antioxidant vitamins C, E, β-Carotene is an effective way of protection of the host genome of somatic and generative cells and the full dehelmintization of the host. The most effective way of treatment of hymenolepidosis in 6–11 year-old children is the concomitant therapy with praziquantel applied at a single dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight plus ibuprofen at a rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight, and a complex of antioxidant vitamins C, E, β-Carotene with selenium (2 additional days). Praziquantel is administered to adults at the same dose in combination with indomethacin and a complex of antioxidant vitamins C, E, β-Carotene with selenium according to the same regimen. Materials and methods 175 male mice СВА at 4–5 month of age and of a weight 18–20 g served as a material for experimental study. The clinical reasoning of a concomitant therapy for hymenolepidosis has been performed at Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital of Infectious diseases. Two series of experiments were conducted: the 1st – on laboratory animals, the 2nd – with the involvement of patients with hymenolepidosis and blood donors. In the first series the impact of hymenolepidosis therapy with praziquantel, phenasal, albendazole, indomethacin, ibuprofen and a complex of antioxidant vitamins C, E, β-Carotene with selenium and their combinations on the results of alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) by N. P. Singh et al. with modification of B. Hellman et al. as well as the intensity of dwarf tapeworm infection (in imaginal stages) were studied. As a common internationally agreed standard for the estimation of genotoxic effect of environmental factors by the DNA-comet assay we used the «tail moment» which was measured by multiplying the percentage of DNA (fluorescence) in the tail by the length of tail. To estimate the cytotoxic effect, 100 cells were randomly taken for analysis and the percentage of apoptosis with a small sized nucleus and a large tail dispersed in all directions was determined. The experiments were conducted on 175 mice divided into two groups. The first group contained 75 mice and was a control group. The second series was devoted to development of the treatment model for hymenolepidosis in humans using praziquantel with indomethacin or ibuprofen and a complex of antioxidant vitamins C, E, β-Carotene with selenium. The clinical experiments were conducted on 16 patients with hymenolepidosis, 10 of which (first group) were at the age of 6 to 11 years (6 boys and 4 girls) and 6 patients (second group) – at the age of 25 to 36 years (4 men and 2 women). Results and discussion The effect of concomitant therapy (praziquantel, phenasal, albendazole), antioxidant therapy (vitamins C, E, β-Carotene with selenium) on the genome of a host as well as the intensity of hymenolepidosis infection in mice infested by the eggs of dwarf tapeworms in imaginal stages at a dose of 20 eggs/g body weight ( from 11 to 13 days) were studied. The administration of all drugs and their combinations to the animals of control groups did not lead to a significant increase in tail moment of bone marrow cells and apoptotic cells in comparison with the data of intact control except the administration of phenasal.

Objective of research: to study the caryopathic effect of bio-preparation Bacillus subtilis 12В on the status of spermatogenic epithelium of white mice after a single intra-abdominal administration of the Fasciola hepatica extract. Materials and methods: The investigations were conducted on white male mice after oral use of preparation Sporovite based on B. subtilis 12B; then the intra-abdominal injection of F. hepatica extracts at a dose of 100 mkg/head was applied. The protein extract from F. hepatica was administered to mice of the second group, and animals of the third group received only the probiotic Sporovite. Animals of the fourth group did not get the preparation and served as controls. 48 hours later the animals were killed; touch smears obtained from testis were stained by the Romanovsky method and examined under a microscope what enables to determine the mitotic index and the number of pathological meiosis forms. The experiments were conducted on lambs whose seminal vesicles were placed into a solution of 10% Formalin and examined histologically. 2-3µ-thick slices were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin by Van Gieson method and examined under a microscope at 50, 400 and 1000 x magnifications. Results and discussion: During the pathomorphological and caryomitotic studies of testis of white mice and lambs after administration of Sporovite on the background of intra-abdominal injection of F. hepatica extract the reduction of negative effects on the status of spermatogenic epithelium of testis in animals wasn’t observed. A decrease in mitotic index by 2-3 times and a high amount of pathological forms were registered. The number of metaphases with preterm chromosome disjunction under the joint effect of F. hepatica and B. subtilis extracts has decreased by half.

Acute toxicity of Ricazol based on Ricobendazole by oral administration and intramuscular injection in white outbread mice and rats as well as by dermal ad-ministration in white rats is studied. To test the parameters of acute oral toxicity of Ricazol the compound was administered singly to experimental animals (at various doses). General well-being and behavior of animals, manifestation of intoxication symptoms and possible death of animals were observed within 14 days. Post-mortem examination of dead animals was carried out. To investigate acute skin toxicity of Ricazol the compound was given singly to experimental animals on the skin area (size 5cm × 5cm) at the doses of 10000, 15000 и 20000 mg/kg of active ingredient. LD50 value by injection into the stomach for mice was 10000 mg/kg, for male rats – 2500, female rats – 2700 mg/kg. LD50 by dermal administration in rats was 11200 mg/kg, by intramuscular injection in rats – 2500, in male mice – 4900 mg/kg.

Introduction: The production of ammonia has been increasing over the past few years. Unfortunately, the production does not follow the safety control of ammonia on workers. Indonesia still adopts chemical standard from other countries. Therefore, it requires an ammonia standard at the highest dose without effect or no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in the workplace. This research aims to determine standard at the highest dose of without effect through the expression of CD8 cells as well as analysis of histological alteration CD8 lymphocyte between exposed to ammonia group and control. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental research with a post-test only control group design. The research used Rattus novergicus species as many as 24. NOAEL was determined by middle dose with a location between the smallest and the largest dose. The doses of ammonia were given through inhalation. The histological alteration of CD8 between ammonia in exposed and the control group were analyzed by using the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: NOAEL was found through CD8 located in group 3 with 0.0154 dose mg/kg body weight. There was a differential expression of CD8 lymphocyte cells in the white mice lung between exposed to ammonia group and control (p=0.042). Conclusion: The expression of CD8 lymphocyte cells in the white mice lung exposed to ammonia differs significantly with the number of the expression of CD8 lymphocyte cells in white mice lung at control group. NOAEL was 0.0154 mg/kg body weight of white mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a comparative laboratory study of the subacute and chronic toxicity of new ironcontaining drugs intended for farm animals. The prolonged use of ferrodrugs by injection led to a slight reversible increase in the aminotransferases activity, which indicates the hepatocytolysis phenomenon. In addition, an increase in the bilirubin and creatinine concentration in the blood has been observed, indicating the stress of the liver and kidneys performance level. On the background of the long-term intraperitoneal injection of ferro-quin, a slight decrease in the number of erythrocytes and haemoglobin has been revealed, against the background of an increase in the bilirubin concentration. However, these changes do not extend beyond the known standards. Parameters of the chronic toxicity of the studied drugs are characterized by the absence of signs of multiple organ failure. On the background of long-term ferrotherapy, the mass ratios of the internal organs of rats did not significantly differ from the control groups. The studied ferrodrugs meet the current requirements for drugs for animal husbandry and veterinary medicine in terms of subacute and chronic toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide timely prevention is one of the main tasks in the fight against anemia. Therefore, the development and introduction of new iron preparations does not lose importance in order to provide the pharmaceutical market with anti-anamnetics. One of the promising approaches to the development of such drugs may be the creation of highly stable iron compounds. In this context, one of the promising groups of the compounds of the iron is the so-called clathohelasts, or macrobicyclic complexes. The article presents the parameters of acute toxicity of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes in laboratory animals. Experimental studies were conducted under the conditions of vivarium and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The indicative experiment was conducted in order to obtain primary information about the range of doses that are close to the average fatal indicator. Then 7 groups of 6 white mice-males in each were formed based on the principle of analogues. Having conducted the indicative experiment in order to obtain primary information about the range of doses that are close to the average fatal indicator, 7 groups of 6 white mice-males in each were formed based on the principle of analogues. Single intravenous solution of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes was administered to the animals of the experimental groups and they were observed during 14 days. The features of behavior, intake of food and water were noticed, symptoms of intoxication and death of animals were recorded.As a result of the studies, it was found that the average mortality dose of the test substance for internal administration to white mise is 1258.3 ± 144.87 mg/kg body weight. According to the classification of chemicals by the degree of danger (GOST 12.1.007-76), of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexes corresponds to the third class of hazard, and according to the classification of substances for toxicity it belong to class IV and as for its toxicity it is "low toxic substances". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clenbuterol is a β2-adrenergic agonist which is illegally used in animal production as a promoting agent. The accumulation of clenbuterol in edible tissues has potentially adversed effects that can induce to long-term metabolism disorders after clenbuterol withdrawal. Purpose of this study is to analysis effects of clenbuterol residues on some blood parameters in white mice. 68 mice were divided into 3 groups: control group (n = 27), clenbuterol group A (CA) (n = 20) and clenbuterol group B (CB) (n = 21). Clenbuterol groups were received clenbuterol 2 μg/kg orally once daily. After 8 weeks, mice in group A discontinued receiving clenbuterol and mice in group B continued receiving clenbuterol until 16 weeks. Liver, kidney and blood samples were collected at week 8 and week 16 for biochemistry parameter tests: plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein, creatinine concentrations; plasma AST and ALT activities. Results showed that oral clenbuterol administration at dosage 2 μg/kg once daily for 8 weeks significantly decreased ALT activities and elevated glucose concentrations. Clenbuterol-induced dyslipidemia might reverse after withdrawing using clenbuterol while hyperglycemia might potentially make a progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of new or modified dietary supplements requires careful research into clean and toxicological issues for public health. One of such dietary supplements is modified gelatin obtained at the Research Institute of Food Technologies of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. The most common toxicological studies are the establishment of harmlessness, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, and others. Establishing acute toxicity is important for evaluating additives. Biochemical studies in experiments on acute toxicity of supplements are an integral part in our research. At present, there are no indicators of protein metabolism in the body of white mice for acute toxicity of modified gelatin. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to study the protein metabolism in an organism of white mice used in the experiments to determine the acute toxicity of modified gelatin. A study on acute toxicity of modified gelatin was performed on linear white mice. The experiments were conducted in accordance with the requirements of preclinical studies and bioethics rules regarding the handling of laboratory animals. In the first stage intragastric animals were fed from 5 mg to 200 mg per kilogram of body weight of the modified gelatin suspension. Subsequent follow up doses of the study factor were 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg/kg, in which biochemical studies in the white mice were performed. No one animals were fed with modified gelatin for half an hour. A suspension of modified gelatin was prepared in a 1.0 % solution of starch. Applying low doses of the studied food supplement in a mice group consisted of 3 animal. During the second experiment (high doses of modified gelatin) six groups of mice were formed. Intragastric putting of modified gelatin was performed using a metal probe (internal diameter 1.2 mm). Doses were administered once or divided into two using a short time interval between them. Experimental animals were observed for 14 days. Infusion and feeding of mice during the experiment were carried out in accordance with standard requirements. The mice were make drowsy and slaughtered at the 15th days from the beginning of the experiment. Blood and organs were selected for biochemical studies. Changes in behavior were not detected for the management of suspension small doses of modified gelatin from 5 mg to 200 mg per kilogram of body weight. There were not lethal cases and for the use of the studied food additive at doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight of animals. Indicators of protein metabolism were determined in serum of blood and liver of mice that were taken high doses of modified gelatin. The urea content in the mice blood of the experimental group was 3.3 mmol/l for the maintenance of modified gelatin in the amount of 1000 mg/kg of body weight. The use of 2,000 and 3,000 mg of modified gelatin per kilogram of body weight resulted in an increase in urea compared to the animals in the experimental group but the difference was unlikely. The use of high doses of food supplements in the IV and V experimental groups was accompanied by a tendency to increase the urea content in the blood of laboratory mice compared with animals from Study Group I. It was found out that after putting of modified gelatin mice in the amount of 1000 mg/kg of body weight, the uric acid content in the liver of animals was 1.32 μmol/g. The use of a dietary supplement of 2000 mg/kg was accompanied by a 6.8 % increase in uric acid in the liver of the mice. The highest content of uric acid was detected in the liver of animals from the experimental group V but the difference was not of a probable nature. The total protein in the liver of mice in the experimental group was 85.4 g/kg at the 15th day of the experiment. There is no established reduction or increase in the total protein in the liver of animals for the use of modified gelatin in II-V experimental groups. The mass fraction of serum protein in mice receiving 1000 mg/kg body weight of modified gelatin was 61.9 g/L. An increase in the dose of the investigated factor contributed to a slight increase in the protein content in II and III and a decrease in the IV and V III experimental groups. Deviations in these cases were unlikely. The violation of protein metabolism in the liver of animals can be judged by the activity of aminotransferases. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAt) in the liver of the mice (Experimental group I) was 16.2 μmol/hr/g. This figure did not differ from the average statistics on enzyme activity in physiologically healthy animals. Significant changes were not found in the activity of AsAt in the liver of mice from the experimental group II, which carried 2000 mg/kg body weight of modified gelatin. The difference in data in the first study group was only 4.3 %. There was no detectable difference in the activity of AsAt and in the liver of animals from the III-V experimental group. Similarly, no changes were found in the activity of alanine aminotransferase in the liver of white mice following the action of modified gelatin. Thus probable violations of protein metabolism in their body were not detected at the 15th days after putting of high doses of modified gelatin to white mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of methodology for the identification of certified probiotic microorganisms in the intestinal contents of white mice and uinea pigs and study of their survival in the gastrointestinal tract of experimental animals. Rifampicin-resistant bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were used in the experiments. Cultures of microorganisms that have retained the species features were administered orally for 14 days and the number of viable bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were determined by sowing of feces in a dense nutrient medium with rifampicin. Probiotic microorganisms administered orally to experimental animals for 14 days are detected in the feces on the second day of the experiment. Live probiotic bacteria ceases completely to be detected in the feces of animals 3 days after the termination of their oral administration. Using the developed universal method of differentiation of probiotic microorganisms entering the living organisms and strains of their own intestinal microflora a significant decrease (4–7 orders of magnitude) in survival of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the organisms of experimental animals was shown, followed by a lack of probiotic effect.

The possibility was studied of preventing the development of pseudotuberculosis and correcting the dysbiotic disorders of the intestinal microflora in conventional white mice with prebiotic «Stimbifid» and exometabolites in supernatant fluids of native cultures of probiotic bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which have prebiotic effect. Conventional white mice were infected orally with pseudotuberculosis microbe culture and the development of infection was evaluated. Prebiotic «Stimbifid» and supernatant fluid of lactobacilli native culture, administered to animals orally, as injected intramuscular gentamicin, completely stopped the infection development. In contrast to the antibiotic gentamicin prebiotic «Stimbifid» and supernatant fluid of lactobacilli native culture, administered orally, prevented the development of the intestinal dysbiosis in animals.

The results are presented of the experimental study of survival rates of autologous bifidobacteria and lactobacilli strains (autostrains) in the intestines of conventional white mice and guinea pigs, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of isolated bifidobacteria and lactobacilli autostrains in the correction of microecological disorders in the intestines of animals with antibiotic-associated dysbacteriosis. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli autostrains isolated from intestinal contents of conventional white mice and guinea pigs, as well as rifampicin-resistant derivatives of isolated bacterial autostrains were used in the experiments. It is found that rifampicin-resistant derivatives of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli autostrains retain species and genetically fixed sign of antibiotic resistance. Administered orally to experimental animals, autostrains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli do not survive in the intestines of animals and are eliminated to 4 days after cessation of administration. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli autostrains exert virtually no influence on the recovery of the intestinal microbiota in experimental animals with antibiotic-associated dysbacteriosis unlike lactobacilli metabolites and prebiotic Stimbifid, efficiently restoring intestinal microbiota in a short time

The effect of prebiotic Stimbifid and low-molecular exometabolites in the supernatant fluid of native cultures of prebiotic bifidobacteria and lactobacilli possessing prebiotic effect on the prevention of intestinal yersiniosis in the conventional white mice was investigated. Experimental animals were infected orally with intestinal yersiniosis pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica, isolated from patient with manifested form of infection. Prebiotic Stimbifid, supernatant fluids of native cultures of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacteria, which form the basis of probiotics Bifidumbacterin and Lactobacterin, when administered orally to infected animals completely stopped the development of intestinal yersiniosis and prevented the dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microflora.

Copyright of Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The study investigated the effect of infra red ray on the growth and development of secondary hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in mice which based on changes in cysts numbers, weights, diameters and percentage of their reduction, the changes in liver and spleen weights and their organ index. The study showed significant reduction, (p≤0.05), in secondary hydatid cysts weights and diameters in cyst which developed from irradiated protoscoleces. Also, there was a reduction in liver weights and organ index, with increasing spleen weights and organ index. The study elucidated that the best effect of infra red ray on cysts numbers, diameters, percentage of their reduction, liver weights and organ index were at 3 minutes of irradiation. Whereas, the optimum result of cysts weights was obtained at 5 minutes of radiation.

Copyright of Jornal of Biotechnology Research Center is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Protein has the role in the development of physiological structure and body immunity system. Reproductive hormones, gametogenesis and fetus development are very much affected by the content of protein, vitamin A and E. Vitamin A is known to have a role in the integrity of epithel tissue, thus it has a great effect on the process of gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Vitamin E is recognized as an anti-sterility vitamin because of its important role as an intercellular antioxidant, in absorbing and storing vitamin A. This research was intended to determine the effect of protein content (15%, 18% and 21%), vitamin A (2000 IU/kg of feed), and vitamin E (30 mg/kg of feed) on body weight and some characteristics of reproduction of white mice (Rattus novergicus). The reproduction characteristics observed on female were the litter size and their body weight at birth, whereas those on male were fertility and morphology of spermatozoa. The research results showed that there were some effects of protein, vitamin A and E on increased body weight of female. The best result with a significant change (P

Background. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor of atherosclerosis, characterized by increase total cholesterol (TC), trigliserida (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and decrease of High Density Lipoprotein(HDL). Previous study showed positive correlation between dyslipidemia with severity of atherosclerosis. Effect of pericap mangosteen contains Xanthonepresumed could decreased the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL) levels and increased High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) level from the blood of white mice by activated the path of reverse cholesterol transport. Purpose. To prove that extract from pericap mangosteen decrease LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol and increase HDL. Methode. Laboratory experiment with the post test only control group design. The samples strain wistar white rats were devided into 5 groups. The sample I : Negative control, II : Positive control and the threeother groups were treated by extract from pericap mangosteen with variouse doses (200mg/day, 400mg/day, 800 mg/day). The data were analyzed by One Way Anova, Tukey test 5%, correlation test and linear regression test. Result. The result of this observation showed that efective dose of extract of pericap mangosteento decrease TC, TG and LDL level and increase HDL level is 800 mg/day. TC lowering in group were trea ted with extract from pericap mangosteen 200mg/dayis= 39,667 400mg/day = 27,833 800mg/day = 19,333. TG lowering in group were treated with extract from pericap mangosteen 200mg/dayis = 40,333 400mg/day = 34,333 800mg/day = 26,667. LDL lowering in group were treated with extract from pericap mangosteen 200mg/dayis = 45,433400mg/day = 32,467 800mg/day = 14,733. HDL raising in group were treated with extract from pericap man gosteen 200mg/day is = 13,833400mg/day = 11,500 800mg/day = 3,000. Coclusion. Oral administration (200, 400 dan 800 mg/day) of extract from pericap of mangosteen decreasing LDL, trygliseride, total cholesterol and increasing HDL of dyslipidemia male white rate.

This study was designed to evaluate the histopathological changes for internal organs of white female mice after inoculation with Salmonella typhimurium in dose 1x108.Sixteen white mice apprrximatly age (one-two months) and body weight were (25-30) gram divided into 2 equal groups. The first group was inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium orally and killed after24hr.Group2 was inoculated with normal saline as control group. The histopathological changes of the liver were showed infiltration of kupffer cells and aggregation of mononuclear cells around the central vein with congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The intestinal changes showed hyperplasia of goblet cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of atrophic villi. The results of the electron microscope were showed S. typhimurium lie close to the brush border of the villi of ileum of infected mice, and in another section noticed degeneration of the brush border and the apical cytoplasm with cavity formation occurs near a bacterium (arrow). In addition,budding, swelling and elongation of microvilli are evident.In summary to the above, the microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium have the ability to infect ileum and penetrate to other internal organs.

Laboratory control of immunogenicity in linear and outbred white mice of the experimental sample of the inactivated vaccine against rhinopneumonia and salmonella equine abortion was carried out. The associated vaccine protects against experimental infection by rhinopneumonia virus 87.5% of the immunized animals and against the injection of the salmonella abortion pathogen 100% of the immunized animals. Sufficiently high immunogenicity of the inactivated vaccine against rhinopneumonia and salmonella abortion is due to antigenic activity that provides synthesis of specific antibodies in high titers and immunomodulatory agents that stimulate immunobiological reactivity of the organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt to simulate paratyphoid fever-B, in the experimental animals has been carried out in white mice. Paratyphoid bacilli type-B was isolated from the febrile patients in the Ibn-Al-Khatib hospital. One LD50 was enough to produce disease in the white mice, however 10 doses were used for mice. The microorganism was inoculated intraperitoneally in to the experimental animals; the course of the dissemination within the animals was clarified by sacrificing two mice at specific intervals after inoculation and for 30 days. The organs of the sacrificed and dead mice were examined for the presence ofmicroorganisms. The microorganism were found in the spleen, liver and mediastinal lymph node for 29,25 and 17 days postinfection respectively, whereas, the microorganisms were persist in the lungs and heart blood for 11 days and in the brain and kidneys for 7 days postinoculation. The pathological changes were initiated as a neutrophils aggregates and microabscesses in the spleen, liver and mediastinal lymph node. During the second week post infection, these microabscesses and neutrophils aggregates will be replaced by mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) to form granulomatous type lesion in these organs and to become more chronic and fibrosed, during third and fourth week post-infection. Also mild miscellaneous pathological lesions were demonstrated during the first week in brain kidney and in the lungs and gradually disappeared.

A lot of papers have presented different researches regarding the effects of the noise on the health of workers in weaving mills. These references have pointed out the results of the studies but not pathological or hystological aspects. That's why it seemed useful to introduce also an applied research on the changes caused by the industrial noise on the receiver organ, more exactly Corti's organ of white mice (exposed to industrial noise). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]