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Stephanie Collins' book, "Organizations as Wrongdoers: From Ontology to Morality," explores the concept of organizations as moral agents and their responsibility for wrongdoing. Collins defines an organization as a collective agent that coordinates labor through rules and hierarchical command relations. She argues that organizations are real and have agency, which makes them blameworthy for their actions. However, there are challenges in attributing blame to organizations, such as the role of individual members and power dynamics within organizations. Collins' theory requires further examination of the epistemic and political inequalities that exist in real organizations to properly attribute blame. [Extracted from the article]

The article highlights the issues of expediency of the provision on aiding the aggressor State contained in Article 111-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine through the prism of analysis of final court decisions made under this Article. The author identifies various forms of aiding the aggressor state, which are grouped and conditionally named "charitable", "whistleblowing", "resource", "currency", "information", "educational", "official", "entrepreneurial" forms of aiding the aggressor state. The analysis of all the identified forms of aiding the aggressor state shows that each of them primarily falls under one of the forms of collaboration. For example, "educational" aiding and abetting the aggressor state is covered by such a form of collaboration as the implementation of the aggressor state's education standards (Article 111-1, paragraph 3), and "whistleblowing" aiding and abetting, if it is effective, when, as a result of providing information, in particular, about law enforcement officers, military personnel of the armed forces of the Russian Federation have committed ill-treatment of such officers, the actions of the citizen of Ukraine who provided the relevant information should be qualified as an accomplice to the violation of the laws and customs of the armed forces. It is stated that in the most general sense, any of the above forms of aiding the aggressor state is covered by such a form of treason (Article 111) as assisting a foreign state, foreign organization or their representatives in conducting subversive activities against Ukraine. The author points out that the qualification is incomplete when the actions of Ukrainian citizens who were appointed to the relevant positions by the occupation administration of the aggressor State are not subject to a separate criminal law assessment. The author proves that such actions should be qualified under parts 2, 5 or 7 of Article 111-1). As a result, the author concludes that the existence of Article 111-2 in the Criminal Code of Ukraine is an example of ill-considered criminal law policy and excessive criminalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the Prevention of Corruption”, the Model Regulation “On the Authorized Unit (Person) on Prevention and Detection of Corruption” and other specialized legislation from the point of view of regulating the activities of the anticorruption officer of state authorities and local self-government bodies. The complex of measures to prevent and detect corruption, which are entrusted to the authorized persons in the implementation of their activities in state bodies, local self-government bodies, state enterprises, institutions, and organizations, has been studied. It was established that the anti-corruption commissioner exercises control over compliance with anti-corruption legislation in the relevant body, its territorial (interregional) bodies and legal entities belonging to the sphere of management of the relevant body through cooperation with the management, employees and other authorized bodies (persons) in accordance with the current legislation. It was found that in the current legislation of Ukraine there are two institutions of anti-corruption commissioners, different in terms of legal regulation, but unified in terms of the purpose of their activity. Namely, the first institute provides for the formation (definition) of authorized divisions (authorized persons) on issues of prevention and detection of corruption, in particular, at enterprises, institutions and organizations belonging to the sphere of management of a state body and regulates its activities, and the second institute of anti-corruption officers, specifically for legal entities whose anti-corruption programs are approved in accordance with the Law. It is emphasized that the fulfillment of a number of tasks by the authorized person is related to direct interaction with the management of the state authority or local self-government body, including on the issues of conflict of interest settlement, whistleblower protection, bringing guilty persons to disciplinary responsibility for violating the requirements of anti-corruption legislation, informing about the facts of committing such violations, managing corruption risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that work environments that are sexualized harm employees' wellbeing, attitudes, and behaviors. The paper examines employees' affective reactions and behavioral intentions in such environments depending on the strictness of anti-harassment policies. Across two studies, we hypothesize that strict policies will lead to less hostile emotions and fewer intentions to actively react (considerate voice, whistleblowing, aggressive voice, and intention to quit) compared to loose policies. The second study also investigates whether these effects stem from the perception that sexualized work environments are not viewed as instances of sexual harassment. We discuss the implications for how managers should design anti-harassment policies in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the dynamic landscape of healthcare, nurses play a crucial role as ethical stewards, responsible for whistleblowing, nurse advocacy, and patient safety. Their duties involve ensuring patient well-being through ethical practices and advocacy initiatives. Aim: This study investigates the ethical responsibilities of nurses regarding whistleblowing and advocacy in reporting concerns about patient safety. Research Design: A cross-sectional study utilized cluster and simple random sampling to gather a representative sample of actively practicing registered nurses. Data collection involved a demographic form, Nurse Whistleblowing Intentions Scale, Nursing Advocacy Scale, and Clinical Decision-Making Scale. Participants and Research Context: The study utilizing a robust sample size determination formula for reliable findings included 96 diverse nurses, predominantly females. Engaged actively in direct patient care across various outpatients clinics. The recruitment process specifically sought individuals with expertise in safety protocols and reporting, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the study's focus. Ethical Considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university and the hospitals involved. Written consent was obtained from the participants. A thorough ethical review was conducted to guarantee participant protection and adherence to ethical principles. Results: Surveyed nurses demonstrated positive whistleblowing (Overall Mean Score: 3.58), high advocacy (Overall Mean Score: 12.2), and nuanced ethical decision-making for patient safety (Overall Mean Score: 15.78). Demographic factors, such as nationality and ethical training, significantly impacted whistleblowing intentions, while age, gender, and ethical training correlated with nursing advocacy behavior. Associations with experience and qualification emerged in ethical decision-making. Conclusion: The gained insights foster targeted interventions, improving ethical practices, advocacy, and informed decision-making in nursing. This study explores the intricate link between demographics and ethical considerations among surveyed nurses, acting as a catalyst for ongoing initiatives to strengthen the ethical foundation in healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whistleblowing is an action that particularly requires moral courage. Understanding the relationship between nurses' levels of moral courage and their whistleblowing approaches is important for reducing adverse situations in healthcare services. Objectives: This study aims to understand and analyze the relationship between nurses' levels of moral courage and their whistleblowing approaches. Research design: This is a descriptive and correlational study. Methods: The study sample consists of 582 nurses actively working in a province in northwest Türkiye. Research data were collected using an Information Form, the Nurses' Moral Courage Scale, and the Whistleblowing Scale. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval from the ethics committee, institutional permission, and informed consent from the participants were obtained for data collection. Findings: Nurses were found to perceive their moral courage as high, and their whistleblowing levels were at a moderate level. There was a significant and moderate relationship between participants' levels of moral courage and whistleblowing levels (p <.05). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of promoting moral courage and creating an appropriate environment for exposing ethical violations. This study can contribute to the development of strategies to enhance nurses' moral courage and foster a more ethical working environment in healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moral distress is defined as knowing the right course of action to take but being hindered by institutional constraints. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore surgical intensive care unit (SICU) nurses' experiences of moral distress, moral residue, coping, and perceived quality of patient care. Method: A descriptive qualitative approach used in-depth, semistructured individual interviews of SICU nurses in a metropolitan, academic medical center until theoretical saturation occurred. Results: Five themes were identified from 21 interviews. Root causes of moral distress were identified including end-of-life care, conflicts with management, staffing, inadequate resources, communication problems, power differentials between physicians and nurses, and working with incompetent providers. Interviews highlighted the torment experienced by participants, which demonstrated that unacknowledged moral distress impacted their quality of patient care and well-being. Accounts provided insight into patient care that was perceived to be wrong. Well-being was affected as 2 participants sought inpatient psychiatric treatment for moral distress, whereas others were looking for new nursing careers, and many were in school to leave the SICU. Discussion: This study is unique because it corroborated Epstein and Hamric's Crescendo Effect framework by providing indepth analyses of moral distress, moral residue, and the crescendo effect and how these concepts developed within SICU nurses when left unaddressed. Interviews revealed that unacknowledgedmoral distress createdmoral residue, which subsequently impacted the quality of patient care and the nurses' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the legislative framework that governs whistleblowing in the UAE. Design/methodology/approach: The paper examines social perceptions and practical challenges related to the act of whistleblowing. It focuses on the effectiveness, limitations and implications of the current legal status of whistleblowing in the UAE. Findings: The UAE does not have a unified legal framework that governs whistleblowing and whistleblower protections like in the case of the USA. Therefore, there is an urgent need for comprehensive federal regulations that will apply to all sectors across the entire UAE. Each emirate and economic zone can then model their whistleblowing regulations against the federal law to ensure consistency and uniformity in application. The UAE will also benefit from public awareness and education programs to address the conservative culture that discourages whistleblowing. Most importantly, corporate governance and culture are central to the success of existing laws considering the overreliance on organizations and employees. Originality/value: The paper provides a robust and analytical discussion of the whistleblowing laws and regulations in the UAE to dissect current practices and implications for future practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential for new legislation in the UK, known as the "Hillsborough Law," which aims to strengthen the concept of candour in public life, particularly in health and social care. Topics include the current statutory duty of candour in the NHS, the need for a broader and more effective duty of candour, and the impact of public inquiries, such as the Hillsborough and Infected Blood inquiries, in driving legislative change.

Copyright of Bulletin of Accounting & Finance Reviews / Muhasebe ve Finans İncelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Muhasebe & Finans Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To explore the perspectives and experiences of mental health care workers (MHCWs) when speaking up about patient safety concerns. Method: A qualitative study was performed at Farshchian (Sina) Hospital in Iran, involving the purposive sampling of MHCWs from three inpatient psychiatric wards. From July to October 2022, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: Three major patient safety themes were identified: (a) Voicing Concerns for Daily Safety (subthemes: daily safety check-ins and speaking up to prevent patient harm); (b) Speaking Up to Save Future Lives (subthemes: whistleblowing, leadership, and being open to communication); and (c) Hesitating to Speak Up (sub-themes: ineffectiveness of raising one's voice and whispering). Conclusion: MHCWs have various concerns about speaking up or staying silent. Failure to communicate can result in adverse events and missed opportunities to address patient safety. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(10), 41–49.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Aim Methods Results Conclusion Impact Patient or Public Contribution Fostering nurses' intentions to blow the whistle internally is a salient issue in healthcare. However, there are debates on the antecedents of these intentions, and the explanation of how these antecedents influence such intentions is missing in the nursing literature.Based on the social exchange theory and the social identity theory, this study aimed to unveil how decent work influences nurses' internal whistleblowing intentions, specifically through the parallel mediating roles of felt obligation and organisational identification.A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 268 clinical nurses from three tertiary public hospitals in Mansoura, Egypt. Data were collected between June and November 2023 using the Decent Work Scale, the Felt Obligation Scale, the Organisational Identification Scale and the Internal Whistleblowing Intentions Scale. Study hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.Decent work significantly influenced nurses' internal whistleblowing intentions. Felt obligation and organisational identification partially mediated the positive relationship between decent work and internal whistleblowing intentions.Decent work is a significant predictor in nurturing felt obligation and organisational identification, leading to an increased willingness among nurses to engage in internal whistleblowing.This study offers valuable insights into how hospital administrators can leverage internal whistleblowing intentions among nurses. It showed that securing decent work conditions, fostering felt obligation and organisational identification contribute to an increased willingness to blow the whistle.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whistleblowing System has been internationally recognized as an effective way to combat corruption, both within an organization and at a national level. This case study research aims to improve the governance of complaint handling at Institution XYZ, particularly in the operations related to complaint management, through a gap analysis using Clause 8 of ISO 37002:2021. Therefore, this study is limited to assessing the conformity of complaint handling in accordance with Clause 8 of ISO 37002:2021. Data was obtained through document analysis and in-depth interviews. The research data was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to gain a deep and comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon, focusing on the meaning and interpretation of the data. Based on the analysis, it was found that the implementation of the Whistleblowing Management System (WMS) had been partially carried out by Institution XYZ. Improvements are needed in the determination of locations for raising awareness about the complaint channels based on the number of complaints, as well as in developing policies for the protection of whistleblowers and employees. This study is expected to serve as an analytical tool for policy-making at Institution XYZ and to provide information on WMS implementation for other institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace investigations are increasingly being used in Norwegian workplaces in both public and private sectors to investigate allegations of misconduct, harassment, blameworthy conditions, and other breaches of the Norwegian Working Environment Act. Workplace investigations are often triggered by complaints submitted through internal organizational whistleblowing and 'speak up' systems. With the EU Whistleblower Directive, ISO 37002:2021 Whistleblowing Management Systems – Guidelines and the ISO/AWI TS 37008 Internal Investigations in Organizations under development, we witness further standardization of whistleblowing systems and investigative procedures within organizations. And yet, these systems have so far received little critical attention. Our in-depth qualitative analysis of 22 such cases within standard employment relationships, informed by extensive literature review, secondary data and case files, has revealed that workplace investigations escalated conflicts, negatively affecting whistleblowers, trade union representatives, safety representatives, and other critical and dissenting voices, and that these systems leave little room for trade union representatives, co-determination or collective approaches to conflict resolution. We argue that this cannot be merely attributed to botched or biased investigations that have failed to follow 'best practice' guidelines. Instead, these are by default inquisitorial processes: the employer funds the investigation, creates the mandate and acts as prosecutor, police and judge in one. We analyse these methods and their epistemic power in light of the increasing privatization and pluralization of policing within the context of regulatory capitalism and the 'criminalization' of compliance, arguing that such methods are an expression of larger phenomena that lead to the progressive hollowing out of co-determination and workplace democracy and justice, in Norway and likely elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of legal and regulatory frameworks on whistleblowing intention (WI) in the context of the United Arab Emirates multicultural setting and legal environment. Applying the ethical decision-making model and using data collected via an online survey, it examines factors leading to employees' decisions to blow a whistle. The results support the premise of a model promulgating the interdependency of WI upon ethical awareness and ethical judgement; however, while respondents showed willingness to report major fraud and behaviors resulting in "harm to others," they preferred to ignore and not report minor fraud. This contention is also supported by the effects of work tenure and fear of retaliation on WI. To explain the findings, the study scrutinizes the effect of the country's legal environment on employees' intent to blow a whistle. It argues in favor of the implementation of a stand-alone comprehensive whistleblowing law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations—public as well as private ones—continue to struggle with the correction and prevention of integrity violations. In this regard, specific attention in the Netherlands has been given to the confidential advisor (CA), who supports reporters, informs employees on integrity policies, and signals to management about integrity risks and trends in internal reporting. To further strengthen the internal reporting systems of organizations, a legislative proposal has been submitted in the Dutch Parliament with the aim of requiring all organizations with a minimum of 50 employees to appoint at least one CA. In light of the new law, the goal of this study is to examine how CAs perform their functions in practice, and to what extent they can contribute to the strengthening of internal reporting systems. The study finds that CAs lay most emphasis on supporting reporters by advising them on integrity issues, yet often at the expense of informing of employees and signaling to management. These findings have important academic and practical implications. For scholars, it gives new insight into an important element of internal reporting systems. For CAs, it shows that they should perform their three functions in an integrated manner to be the most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing unethical behaviour is a concern across cultures and is important for sustaining integrity and stakeholder trust in governance regimes. Encouraging self-regulation of ethical behaviour and accountability of public sector personnel has attracted multidisciplinary attention. A large body of literature has examined the link between public service motivation (PSM) and public personnel's enactments of various ethics-related behaviours. Scholars disagree, however, about whether PSM is significantly associated with ethics-related outcomes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review of 59 articles focusing on the PSM-ethics linkage to provide an integrated summary of how PSM affects ethical outcomes. We conclude that the empirical evidence addressing the PSM-ethics linkage is growing, but the mechanisms by which PSM influences ethical behaviour are not yet clear. In this article, we use prosocial organisational behaviour (POB) model to explain how PSM can influence ethical outcomes for public sector employees based upon our systematic literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2020, New York Times Opinion staff and writer Bari Weiss announced her resignation, accusing the newspaper's problematic editorial preference. Her resignation ignited robust debates about professional norms and journalistic accountability among journalists, partisan elites, and the public. Drawing on insights from ethical crisis communication, journalistic paradigm repair, and schema congruity theory, this study used this case as a point of departure and examined the effects of NYT response to and politician endorsement of Weiss's resignation on news audiences' perceptions and subsequent behaviors. Based on a 3 (NYT response: acceptance, denial, silence) by 2 (partisan endorsement: left-leaning vs right-leaning) between-subject experiment (N = 251) in the United States, we found that NYT's accepting response induced higher ratings of journalistic accountability of NYT, which in turn led to greater intentions to engage with the outlet. Endorsement from the right-leaning partisan elites resulted in lower perceptions of Weiss's ethics, but higher levels of news engagement. Further, there was an indirect effect of partisan endorsement on news engagement intentions through perceived ethics. We discussed our findings regarding how news organizations could uphold their core values and meet their business goals during reputational crises at times of low media trust and heightened political polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a new whistleblowing scale considering the conventional and Islamic perspectives in combating corruption. Whistleblowing has received great attention because it helps the corruption prevention process by revealing bad practices, improving transparency and ensuring accountability. However, not many scholars have focused on the concept of whistleblowing in the Islamic context. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a theoretical inquiry design, delving into the literature to thoroughly examine whistleblowing likelihood, Kohlberg's theory and Maqasid Shariah. Through qualitative content analysis, relevant concepts are scrutinized and synthesized. The integration of Kohlberg's theory and Maqasid Shariah aims to offer a comprehensive framework for comprehending whistleblowing likelihood, integrating perspectives from both Western and Islamic traditions. Findings: This study has conceptualized the integration of the six stages of Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah to understand whistleblowing likelihood. The study offers a scale to explain whistleblowing likelihood based on the two theories. Research limitations/implications: The correlation between Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah reveals a nuanced relationship between individual moral evolution and Islamic ethical imperatives, in the context of whistleblowing likelihood. As individuals progress through Kohlberg's stages, aligning with Maqasid Shariah's emphasis on societal well-being, their inclination to blow the whistle evolves from early considerations of fear and conformity to a commitment to universal ethical principles and justice. Practical implications: The new scale integrating Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah aids ethical climates in organizations by assessing employees' moral development and promoting ethical leadership through tailored training. Aligned with Islamic values, the scale becomes a tool for fostering ethical behavior and organizational culture, emphasizing justice and commitment to higher ethical objectives. Managers must delicately balance justice and community harmony when implementing whistleblowing initiatives to ensure a positive impact on both ethical principles and organizational cohesion. Social implications: By integrating the six stages of moral development proposed by Kohlberg, the new scale plays a role in promoting transparency and accountability for sustainable development. Furthermore, its alignment with Maqasid Shariah contributes to addressing corruption and advocating for social justice, making the scale a catalyst for societal well-being that respects cultural and religious values. Ultimately, the scale supports a socially responsible approach, reinforcing ethical behavior and contributing to the broader global agenda for sustainable and just societies. Originality/value: The new scale integrating Kohlberg and Maqasid Shariah offers an innovative and interdisciplinary approach to assessing whistleblowing likelihood. This fusion provides a nuanced understanding of individuals' ethical reasoning, aligning universal moral principles with Islamic ethics. The scale not only broadens the conceptual framework for evaluating ethical decision-making but also respects cultural diversity, making it inclusive and applicable across diverse global contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whistleblowing is an important form of radical political activism, influencing social reform by fundamentally changing the way we see our world. This article contributes to understandings of whistleblower-activism in cases of wrongdoing on the part of state institutions. Extant theorizations of organizational whistleblowing fall short in explaining such instances. In contrast, this article develops four key dynamics of state whistleblower-activism: disclosures radically outside both organization and state, extreme dependence on supporters, democratic activism through alternative loyalties, and parrhesia revealing a crisis in Western democracy. These insights are elaborated through in-depth exploration of the exemplar case of U.S. national security whistleblower Edward Snowden. We argue that the emergent concept of "exilic whistleblowing," inspired by Hannah Arendt's work on exile, offers novel insights. Contributions extend understandings of whistleblowing theory and practice highlighting critical aspects of exilic whistleblowing as activist resistance: how it can be used strategically as part of activist critique aimed at changing the status quo, and how the exiled whistleblower acts as a vanguard helping to bring about a new political consciousness concerning the state of modern democracy and its capacity to uphold constitutional and international human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of fraud disclosure (FR_DISC) in annual reports on the financial stability of Takaful insurance (TKI) in Saudi Arabia over the period of 2014 to 2022. Moreover, the current study aims to explore the mediating impact of Shariah board size in shaping this relationship using agency theory and examines whether the different Islamic governance attributes could affect this stability differently. Using the dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to address the possibility of endogeneity, it was found that FR_DISC is significantly negatively related to the financial stability of a sample TKI. We also provide evidence that the larger the size of a Shariah board, the less FR_DISC affects TKI stability. Furthermore, significant negative influence of ownership concentration and the proportion of non-executives' independent board members on the stability of insurance companies was also observed. Overall, our analysis reveals several significant challenges if accounting and whistleblowing are to contribute to financial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant literature demonstrates that whistleblowing is associated with changes in the whistleblowing target's financial reporting. This paper provides compelling evidence that whistleblowing also affects peer firms' financial reporting. Specifically, we find that industry peers reduce their financial reporting aggressiveness following a whistleblowing allegation. This peer deterrent effect is stronger when the peer firm is geographically closer to the whistleblowing target, when the peer and whistleblowing target share a board member, when the peer is predicted to have a high probability of misstatement, and when the whistleblowing target is larger. Our findings are robust to an array of estimation methods, industry peer definitions, examining windows, and a placebo test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hardly any negative social phenomenon is as specific as corruption, which creates an intriguing paradox in law. In particular, there is no phenomenon that is mentioned more often on a daily basis, even in colloquial speech, than corruption; there is no group of criminal offences (corruption) that the whole society knows more about; there is no legal topic on which legal scholars and practitioners are more in agreement on the criminal law consequences that corruption creates and are not willing to prevent it by creating various models of its prevention; and, again, many countries are constantly failing in the fight against it. Many people improve their perception of corruption only as the situation worsens. This paradox gives rise to a vision of corruption as an intractable, powerful giant, present since ancient times, with obvious obstacles that cannot be removed even in the most developed countries. Against this backdrop, it is important to ask, and this article attempts to answer, what role whistleblowers can play in the fight against corruption and whether their more effective protection can play an important role in protecting society from corruption. This study explores the recognition of whistleblowers' importance in these efforts, including the basis and nature of their legislative protection, through a legal analysis of selected regional and international legal sources that directly or indirectly refer to whistleblowers and their protection. The analysis shows that most of these sources indicate the importance of achieving the three whistleblower protection mechanisms. To achieve the above goals, regulatory and descriptive legal methods will be used.

This study endeavors to examine the phenomenon of whistleblowing within the context of freedom of expression. The paper is organized into three key segments, each addressing distinct aspects. Initially, it delves into the challenges and complexities inherent in conceptualizing whistleblowing. Subsequently, the paper establishes a theoretical foundation for the fundamental rights approach to whistleblowing, laying the groundwork for the final section: an analysis of whistleblowing cases through the lens of the European Court of Human Rights’ case law. The research methodology employed comprises secondary analysis (desk research) and legal case studies. The study aims to achieve a dual purpose: firstly, to offer a comprehensive understanding of the legal analysis and interpretation of whistleblowing; and secondly, to elucidate the evolving legal standards and criteria governing whistleblowing in the context of freedom of expression over recent years.

The objective of this study is to ascertain the strategies employed in mitigating fraudulent activities within the realm of health services through the utilization of a whistleblowing mechanism. Methods: The present study employed a systematic review approach to examine relevant literature by utilizing specific keywords such as "whistleblowing system" and "fraud Healthcare." These keywords were then used to search for publications in the Scopus database, focusing on journals that mostly relied on secondary data. The search was conducted using the publish or perish tool. 8. Subsequently, a curation of scholarly publications and articles was conducted, employing a criterion centered on the thematic relevance of their titles. The selected publications have the objective of mitigating fraudulent activities within the healthcare industry and other interconnected industries that contribute to research endeavors. The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of a fraud reporting system is vital inside an organization, particularly within the context of health services. To enhance the caliber of healthcare services, internal healthcare staff and participants may report well, it is imperative to establish a system that ensures the preservation of reporter confidentiality, hence facilitating an increase in the volume of reports.

Background: Health and social care regulators are organisations that seek to maintain public trust in professionals and protect the public from harmful practitioners. For example, they ensure that practitioners have the correct qualifications to practice and investigate any concerns raised about them. Serious concerns can result in a fitness to practise (FtP) hearing where a member of the public may be required to give evidence as a witness. Being a witness and being cross‐examined is known to often be traumatic, particularly for members of the public in criminal trials. There is some research evidence that registered professionals who are the subject of the proceedings may suffer mental ill health as result of the experience. But there is scant research that specifically explores the experiences of members of the public giving evidence in a FtP hearing. The regulator web pages are an important source of information for public witnesses to prepare themselves for a FtP hearing. Aim: This study aimed to examine the publicly available information for public witnesses from the 13 health and social care regulators in the United Kingdom to evaluate the content, amount, type and format of information available and make recommendations about how regulators can improve these. Methods: Regulator websites were searched during November 2021–February 2022 for information for the public on what happens after raising a concern with a regulator. Resources were downloaded and qualitative content analysis conducted. Our findings were validated by interviews (n = 7) with the public including people with experience of FtP and a focus group of the public (n = 5). Results: One hundred and forty‐six resources (97 webpages and 25 public facing documents, 20 videos and 4 easy read documents) were found. Topics included screening and investigation, preparing for a hearing, during a hearing and after a hearing, and support for witnesses. Discussion and Conclusion: We conclude that there are many deficiencies in the information content and its presentation for the public and some exemplars, such as the use of flowcharts and short videos to explain the FtP processes. Recommendations for practice take the form of a framework with three themes, (i) co‐production, (ii) preferred content and (iii) format. It may be used by regulators to enhance their support for members of the public as witnesses in FtP hearings. Public Contribution: Our advisory group of people with lived experience of involvement as members of the public in FtP discussed the findings and contributed to the recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University School of Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the effectiveness parameters of internal whistleblowing systems within Slovak organizations, particularly in the context of corporate ethics and compliance programs. It highlights the challenges posed by historical stigmas associated with whistleblowing in post-communist countries like Slovakia. Despite legislative efforts and the establishment of a dedicated state institution, the uptake and effectiveness of these systems remain limited, with low reporting rates indicating a lack of trust and maturity. The author suggests that success in whistleblowing relies on factors such as organizational culture, leadership style, and comprehensive protection mechanisms for whistleblowers. It also calls for enhanced management education, stronger law enforcement, and greater support from professional associations to improve these systems. The need for continuous promotion of business ethics and participative leadership is emphasized to foster a more effective whistleblowing culture in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient harm, patient safety and their governance have been ongoing concerns for policymakers, care providers and the public. In response to high rates of adverse events/medical errors, the World Health Organisation (WHO) advocated the use of surgical safety checklists (SSC) to improve safety in surgical care. Canadian health authorities subsequently made SSC use a mandatory organisational practice, with public reporting of safety indicators for compliance tied to pre‐existing legislation and to reimbursements for surgical procedures. Perceived as the antidote for socio‐technical issues in operating rooms (ORs), much of the SSC‐related research has focused on assessing clinical and economic effectiveness, worker perceptions, attitudes and barriers to implementation. Suboptimal outcomes are attributed to implementations that ignored contexts. Using ethnographic data from a study of SSC at an urban teaching hospital (C&C), a critical lens and the concepts of ritual and ceremony, we examine how it is used, and theorise the nature and implications of that use. Two rituals, one improvised and one scripted, comprised C&C's SSC ceremony. Improvised performances produced dislocations that were ameliorated by scripted verification practices. This ceremony produced causally opaque links to patient safety goals and reproduced OR/medical culture. We discuss the theoretical contributions of the study and the implications for patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the hypothesis positing a theoretical model embedded within Islamic political heritage to safeguard societal identity, commonly called "social security," in contemporary discourse. The focus of this study is Imam Ibn Taymiyyah, one of the key figures in Islamic heritage. His era was marked by numerous internal and external challenges for the Muslim community, prompting him to issue fatwas and take strategic measures to protect it. The researchers used Bouzan, Waever, and De Wilde's "social security" theory to elucidate the Taymiyyan model in a novel methodological approach. To accomplish this, we had to extrapolate, identify, and analyze the relevant texts authored by the Imam. According to Imam Ibn Taymiyyah's perspective, the study presents a theoretically sound model derived from Islamic Sharia principles. It involves providing guidance through legal rulings and fatwas to safeguard the five necessities of Islam, namely religion, life, regeneration, intellect, and wealth. Using mechanisms such as the "Hisbah apparatus", the defense of these communal necessities begins with promoting virtuous deeds and discouraging wrongdoing. Ultimately, to preserve the Muslim community's identity from disintegration or compromise in the face of encroaching civilizations or ideologies, political and military force may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whistleblowers and leakers wield significant influence in technology law and policy. On topics ranging from cybersecurity to free speech, tech whistleblowers spur congressional hearings, motivate the introduction of legislation, and animate critical press coverage of tech firms. But while scholars and policymakers have long called for transparency and accountability in the tech sector, they have overlooked the significance of individual disclosures by industry insiders--workers, employees, and volunteers--who leak information that firms would prefer to keep private. This Article offers an account of the rise and influence of tech whistleblowing. Radical information asymmetries pervade tech law and policy. Firms exercise near-complete control over corporate information, shielding their activities from oversight and scrutiny by regulators and the public. Secrecy, however, begets leaks, and leaks have become the de facto source of crucial information for lawmakers, regulators, and the public. Today, whistleblowing is an important part of broader efforts to bring accountability and transparency to the tech industry. Yet existing frameworks for protecting whistleblowers are partial and haphazard. The law often permits firms to retaliate against internal critics, leakers, and organizers. The result is an informational environment shaped by selective disclosures on the part of tech whistleblowers and enormous discretion for tech firms that can choose whether and how to respond. Whistleblowing is therefore an incomplete, but still significant, source of information in the absence of meaningful, rigorous, and systematic transparency rules. In this Article, I make the case that broader protections for whistleblowing are a necessary component of systemic regulation of the tech sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have argued that watchdog journalism cannot flourish under authoritarianism. However, the effect of the democratization of previously authoritarian regimes on watchdog journalism is still poorly understood. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by using Kompas, Indonesia's oldest daily newspaper, as a case study. Drawing on four years of ethnographic fieldwork (2013–2017) within Kompas 's newsroom and one year of archival review (2020–2021), this study shows that the newspaper did not truly function as a watchdog. Instead, it developed a specific style that we conceptualize as "polite" watchdog journalism, that is, monitoring the wrongdoing of those in power in such a manner that does not hurt the feelings of those in power. This style of journalism was developed in response to the cultural and political-economic forces that intersected in and shaped its newsroom. Kompas developed close relationships with authoritarian power holders, thereby avoiding the persistent threat of bans and securing the economic advantages of their close ties with those in power. After the regime change, polite journalism continued to be practiced, both to maintain its political leverage and to preserve its economic advantage in the post-authoritarian era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the existence of anti-corruption whistleblowing laws, Zimbabwe's public service has suffered from maladministration, corrupt politicians, "mediators" and businesses, malpractice and irregularities for a long time. This article, employing grounded theory within a qualitative research paradigm, discusses a study which draws on eight interviews and found that whistleblowers lack state protection because state institutions do not have the political will to protect them. These realities are associated with: 1) state organisation capacity and success, or lack of it, in whistleblower protection in the public sector; 2) the significance of legislative and regulatory measures that encourage citizens to become whistleblowers as a key deterrent against corruption; 3) the lack of operationalisation of whistleblower protection within public organisations; 4) the possibility of creative intervention strategies and tactics that would increase the role and success of whistleblowing initiatives and actions; and 5) future financial incentives in laws and regulations that could encourage whistleblowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a transcript of a conversation with Judith Butler, a prominent philosopher and gender theorist, discussing various topics related to gender, social justice, and interdependency. Butler's work focuses on the organization of gender in and through work, and their upcoming book explores the fear and controversy surrounding gender. The conversation highlights the importance of open debate and critical examination of gender studies literature, as well as the opposition and attacks faced by this field. The text also explores issues such as free speech, violence and injustice, solidarity, and the need for ongoing recognition and engagement in the process of solidarity. Butler's forthcoming book will examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our understanding of interdependency and inequality. [Extracted from the article]