74 results on '"waste heat recovery (WHR)"'
Search Results
2. Assessment of Optimal Operating Range and Case Verification of a Waste Heat Air-Source Heat Pump Water Heater Based on a Semiempirical Parametric Model.
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Zhou, Youxin, Peng, Bin, and Zhu, Bingguo
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AIR source heat pump systems , *WASTE heat , *WATER heaters , *WATER pumps , *PARAMETRIC modeling , *HEATING , *HEAT pumps - Abstract
Waste heat air-source heat pump water heater (WH-ASHPWH) systems have been widely used to provide water heating in buildings due to their advantages of high efficiency and low environmental impact. It is important to determine reasonable operating conditions for WH-ASHPWH systems to improve their heating efficiency, especially for systems using industrial waste heat. In this study, a semiempirical parametric model of a WH-ASHPWH system was established to simulate heating performance under different working conditions and determine the optimum operating range of the system. A new discrete model for a tube-in-tube condenser was also generated. Taking the equipment of a pharmaceutical factory as an example, the heat exchanger model was first calibrated; then, the global model was used to study the effects of different air-side and condenser-side waste heat conditions on the heating performance of the system. According to the simulation results, the coefficient of performance (COP) reached a maximum value of 4.5 under the optimum working conditions. The deviation between the COP simulation data and experimental values was less than 8.28%, and the simulation time was less than 8 min. These metrics indicate that the model is reasonable and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Comparison and Parametric Analysis of Thermoelectric Generator System for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery with Three Types of Heat Sinks: Numerical Study.
- Author
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Liu, Jie, Shin, Ki-Yeol, and Kim, Sung Chul
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THERMOELECTRIC generators , *HEAT recovery , *HEAT sinks , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *INDUSTRIALISM , *FLUE gases , *WASTE heat - Abstract
In this study, a fluid–thermal–electrical multiphysics numerical model was developed for the thermal and electrical analyses of a heat sink-based thermoelectric generator (TEG) in a waste heat recovery system used for casting a bronze ingot mold. Moreover, the model was validated based on experimental data. Heat sinks were installed on the hot side of the TEG module to recover the waste heat from the flue gas generated in the casting process. The numerical results of the thermal and electrical characteristics of a plate fin (PF)-based TEG showed good agreement with the experimental findings. Numerical simulations of heat sinks with three different fin structures—PF, cylinder pin fin (CPF), and rectangular pin fin (RPF)—were conducted. The simulated system pressure drop, hot- and cold-side temperature difference in the TEG module, TEG power output, and TEG efficiency were compared for the differently designed fin structures. The results showed that for the same fin area, the CPF heat sink-based TEG system achieved a lower pressure drop, higher power output, and higher efficiency than the other two designs. This was particularly true when the velocity of the flue gas and the fin height exceed 5 m/s and 28.6 mm, respectively. Therefore, for low and high flue gas velocities, PF and CPF heat sinks are recommended as the best choices, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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4. Performance of a thermoelectric generator system for waste heat recovery utilizing plate fin heat sink in bronze ingot casting industry
- Author
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Jie Liu, Saurabh Yadav, and Sung Chul Kim
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Plate fin heat sink ,Thermal analysis ,Thermoelectric generator (TEG) ,Multi-physics modeling ,Waste heat recovery (WHR) ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
This study presents a numerical investigation of the performance evaluation of a waste heat recovery (WHR) system from a bronze ingot casting mold via a thermoelectric generator (TEG). A rectangular plate fin heat sink is installed at the hot side of the TEG to recover the waste heat from the casting mold while the flow direction of the flue gas is found to be normal to the fin base. A multi-physics numerical model, which couples the governing equations of fluid, thermal and electrical models are presented and solved by using ANSYS 19.2 software. The numerical results for the thermal characteristics of TEG and its power output show good agreement with the experimental results. The study has been performed to analyze the effect of different fin parameters such as fin height (Hf = 12.6–52.6 mm) and fin number (Nf = 15 to 21), and flue gas parameters such as inlet velocity (Vin = 0.5–7 m/s) and inlet temperature (Tin = 550–650 °C) on the performance of the TEG system during WHR. Results indicate that TEG module power increases with the increase in fin height, fin number, inlet flue gas velocity, and temperature. The maximum net power output and maximum net efficiency are found to be 18.83W and 2.33% at inlet flow velocities of 5 m/s and 3 m/s, respectively. In addition, significant radiation has been observed through the numerical investigation. The fraction of radiation effect ranged from 5.01% to 24.15% in the test conditions.
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- 2022
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5. Waste Heat Recovery from a Gas Turbine: Organic Rankine Cycle
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Meor Said, Mior Azman, Zawawi, Muhammad Helmi Zin, and Sulaiman, Shaharin Anwar, editor
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- 2019
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6. Compact Steam Bottoming Cycles: Minimum Weight Design Optimization and Transient Response of Once-Through Steam Generators
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Rubén M. Montañés, Geir Skaugen, Brede Hagen, and Daniel Rohde
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energy efficiency ,waste heat recovery (WHR) ,process optimization ,once-through steam generator ,gas turbine (GT) ,offshore energy ,General Works - Abstract
Compactness and weight minimization are key aspects for successful and widespread implementation of waste heat recovery steam cycles in off-shore oil and gas platforms due to the site weight and volume footprint constraints. The power plant off-shore must be designed for flexibility in its operations to provide varying power demands across multiple time scales. Reliability of the heat and power production units is crucial. Within a case study in an off-shore platform in the Norwegian Continental Shelf, this article conducts design optimization of compact and low-weight steam cycles for power production from gas turbine exhaust and transient analysis of the core of heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) via dynamic modeling and simulation, considering once-through steam generators (OTSGs) for the HRSGs. A method for simultaneous thermodynamic and heat exchanger geometry optimization design for bottoming cycles is applied, with the main objective being weight minimization and compactness of the cycle heat exchangers. Ten different optimal minimum weight bottoming cycle designs are provided by selecting ten different manufacturable tubes. The resulting bottoming cycle designs are compared in terms of weight, OTSG core weight distribution, heat transfer area, and footprint. The resulting bottoming cycle weight varies from 48.4 to ca. 87.10 ton for designs sensible for off-shore applications, and from 95.8 to 178.9 ton when selecting outer tube diameters typical of onshore applications. Smaller outer tube diameter selection in OTSG bundles is a key driver for low-weight and compact steam cycle designs. Three different designs representing light, normal, and heavy OTSG designs are compared by dynamic trajectory and response time analysis under transient scenarios by means of dynamic modeling and simulation. More compact and lighter designs respond faster to changes in the gas turbine (GT) operation upstream the OTSG. The results in this analysis indicate the need for feedforward control. Feedback control alone is probably not a good option due to the high OTSG open loop stabilization time and large sensitivity to GT exhaust gas variations. More compact and low-weight designs based on the OTSG can reduce potential challenges in controlling and stabilizing bottoming cycles for power production.
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- 2021
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7. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY ASSESSMENT OF WASTE HEAT RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES IN MARINE INDUSTRY.
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DELIBAS, HASAN MITHAT and KAYABASI, ERHAN
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HEAT recovery ,WASTE gases ,REFUSE as fuel ,THERMODYNAMIC cycles ,POLLUTANTS - Abstract
In this study, an assessment and comparison of the Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) systems in maritime industries are made in detail in terms of energy, environment, and economy (3E) analysis. WHR systems are assessed according to types and stroke engines, thermodynamic cycles, waste heat source, types of fluid, heat exchangers, and the pollutants released into the atmosphere by the exhaust gas. Furthermore, while examining WHR systems, criteria such as feasibility, initial investment costs, depreciation periods, depreciation rates, possible energy recovery are considered. It is noteworthy that such an assessment has not been conducted so far in the comprehensive literature researches. Therefore, this study will determine the most appropriate waste heat recovery systems in marine industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
8. Comparison of Conventional and Advanced Exergy Analysis for Dual-Loop Organic Rankine Cycle used in Engine Waste Heat Recovery.
- Author
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Wang, Zhiqi, Hu, Yanhua, and Xia, Xiaoxia
- Abstract
At present, the dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (DORC) is regarded as an important solution to engine waste heat recovery (WHR). Compared with the conventional exergy analysis, the advanced exergy analysis can better describe the interactions between system components and the irreversibility caused by economic or technical limitations. In order to systematically study the thermodynamic performance of DORC, the conventional and advanced exergy analyses are compared using an inline 6-cylinder 4-stroke turbocharged diesel engine. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis is implemented to further investigate the influence of operating parameters on avoidable-endogenous exergy destruction. The analysis result of conventional exergy analysis demonstrates that the priorities for the components that should be improved are in order of the high-temperature evaporator, the low-temperature turbine, the first low-temperature evaporator and the high-temperature condenser. The advanced exergy analysis result suggests that the avoidable exergy destruction values are the highest in the low-temperature turbine, the high-temperature evaporator and the high-temperature turbine because they have considerable endogenous-avoidable exergy destruction. The sensitivity analysis indicates that reducing the evaporation pinch point and raising the turbine efficiency can decrease the avoidable exergy destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEAT PUMP SIMULATOR (HEATPACK) FOR APPLICATION IN COMPUTER LABORATORY SESSIONS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS.
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Mota-Babiloni, Adrián, Mateu-Royo, Carlos, Navarro-Esbrí, Joaquín, and Barragán-Cervera, Ángel
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HEAT pumps ,ENGINEERING students ,WASTE heat ,ENGINEERING laboratories ,APPLICATION software ,COMPUTATION laboratories - Abstract
A significant amount of energy in the form of heat is lost in industrial processes once it is used in specific processes. Among different technologies, high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) are a valuable method of recovering low-temperature waste heat in the industry in a very efficient way that can be activated using clean electricity. As a recently investigated technology, they are not yet spread in industrial processes, where traditional technologies are preferred. Therefore, this work shows an HTHP computer program (named HeatPack) to be used as a simulator by the university or technical students of courses included in applied thermodynamics engineering. This interactive and user-friendly platform allows the modification of different operating and design parameters and the working fluid. As outputs, the program provides the rest of the operating parameters and the energy performance of the cycle (quantified by the coefficient of performance, COP). The proposed HTHP and a gas boiler are compared by the program and the energetic, carbon footprint, and economic savings are displayed. Students, as the main target of users of the program, can observe how this technology can provide benefits. For instance, emission reductions in comparison with fossil fuel-based boilers, under which situation the energy performance of the HTHP is higher, and which alternative low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants can provide more advantages. In addition to the educational use, this software can be used to design and study the integration of HTHPs in existing industrial needs to evaluate the feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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10. Feasibility Assessment of a Dual Intake-Port Scroll Expander Operating in an ORC-Based Power Unit
- Author
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Fabio Fatigati, Giammarco Di Giovine, and Roberto Cipollone
- Subjects
waste heat recovery (WHR) ,organic rankine cycle (ORC) ,dual intake port scroll expander ,fluid-dynamic model ,theoretical characterization of scroll expander ,model-based design ,Technology - Abstract
The main driver of research in the road transportation sector is almost certainly the development of technologies which allow for the reduction of CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines (ICEs). Wasted heat recovery (WHR) from the exhaust gases of ICEs based on organic rankine cycle (ORC) power units is one of the most promising technological solutions. However, several issues are raised when the recovery unit is scaled down to small applications, not to mention the fact that thermal sources are characterized by their intrinsically transient nature, as is the case with ICEs. In fact, this leads the ORC unit having to work frequently in off-design conditions. To successfully overcome this issue, the proper design and selection of the expanders are crucial. They are generally chosen from volumetric-type machines, thanks to their capacity to deal with time-varying thermo-fluid dynamic inlet properties. Among them, scroll machines represent one of the best solutions, despite them not yet being optimized as expanders, with them having been studied more as compressors. Dual-intake-port (DIP) technology is a novel solution used to enhance the performance of scroll machines. The effectiveness of this technology was assessed thanks to a comprehensive, experimentally-validated theoretical model of the scroll. It demonstrated that DIP technology can produce a 25% increase in mechanical power with respect to the baseline machine, without modifying the in–out pressure ratio. Maintaining a constant pressure difference across the expander at 5.6 bar, the power grew from 1131 W to 1410 W with the adoption of DIP technology. This power boost is lower than that achieved with a comparable DIP sliding rotary vane expander (SVRE) already studied by the authors, but the DIP Scroll achieved a higher efficiency (50–60%) when compared to the DIP SVRE case (40%).
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- 2022
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11. Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Emergy-Based Exergoeconomic (Emergoeconomic) Analyses of a Biomass Combustion Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle
- Author
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Saeed Khojaste Effatpanah, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, Seyed Hamid Delbari, and Giulio Lorenzini
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waste heat recovery (WHR) ,organic Rankine cycle (ORC) ,exergoeconomic ,emergoeconomic ,sustainability ,Science ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend toward the technical development of efficient energy system assessment tools owing to the growing energy demand and subsequent greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, in this paper, a comprehensive emergy-based exergoeconomic (emergoeconomic) method has been developed to study the biomass combustion waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle (BCWHR-ORC), taking into account thermodynamics, economics, and sustainability aspects. To this end, the system was formulated in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, and then the exergy, exergoeconomic, and emergoeconomic analyses were conducted accordingly. The exergy analysis results revealed that the evaporator unit with 55.05 kilowatts and the turbine with 89.57% had the highest exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency, respectively. Based on the exergoeconomic analysis, the cost per exergy unit (c), and the cost rate (C˙) of the output power of the system were calculated to be 24.13 USD/GJ and 14.19 USD/h, respectively. Next, by applying the emergoeconomic approach, the monetary emergy content of the system components and the flows were calculated to evaluate the system’s sustainability. Accordingly, the turbine was found to have the highest monetary emergy rate of capital investment, equal to 5.43×1012 sej/h, and an output power monetary emergy of 4.77×104 sej/J. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the system’s overall performance characteristics from an exergoeconomic perspective, regarding the changes in the transformation coefficients (specific monetary emergy).
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- 2022
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12. Transient response of waste heat recovery system for hydrogen production and other renewable energy utilization.
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Xi, Huan, He, Ya-Ling, Wang, Jinhua, and Huang, Zuohua
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WORKING fluids , *HYDROGEN production , *HEAT recovery , *WATER pumps - Abstract
In this paper, a 1 kW ORC experimental system is built. Using R123 as the working fluid, transient responses of Basic ORC (BORC) and ORC with a regenerator (RORC) are both tested under critical conditions. A total of four experiments are carried out, including: (1) Case 1: the working fluid pump is suddenly shut down; (2) Case 2: the working fluid is overfilled or underfilled; (3) Case 3: the torque of the expander is suddenly loss. (4) Case 4: the cooling water pump is suddenly shut down. All the major quantities such as the output power and torque of the expander, temperatures and pressures at the inlet and outlet of the expander, temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the condenser are measured. The transient responses of the two systems under the controlled critical conditions are tested and compared, some physical explanations are provided. It is found that RORC is more stable than BORC because of the regenerator. Regenerator should act as a "pre-heater" or "pre-cooler" under the critical conditions thus improving the stability of RORC. When the working fluid in the system is underfilled or leaked, the system performance is extremely unstable. Otherwise, when the working fluid is overfilled, the trend of the curves are similar to the optimal working condition but with weaker performances. We also find that if the working fluid pump is shut down when working fluid is overfilled, the rotation speed and shaft power output of the expander will increase significantly, the unique phenomenon can be used to estimate whether the working fluid in the system is overfilled. • Experimental studies of two ORC systems were operated using R123 as working fluid. • The transient responses ORC under the four critical conditions are tested. • A method is found to estimate whether working fluid in the system is overfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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13. Modeling of an Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery system for automotive engine applications
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D’Arco M., Giardiello G., Baratta M., de Nola F., Gimelli A., and Misul D.
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waste heat recovery (whr) ,organic rankine cycle (orc) ,internal combustion engine ,1d simulation ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The remarkable investments made by manufacturers over the last few decades have contributed to improving the performance of internal combustion engines in every aspect: lower polluting emissions, greater specific power and thermal efficiency. Despite this, on an average, about 40% of the thermal power theoretically available from the combustion of the fuel is still stored in the exhaust gases and therefore dispersed in the environment. In this work the modeling and validation of a waste heat recovery (WHR) plant will be described, combining the engine with a low temperature Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, in order to investigate the feasibility of this system on board of a vehicle, analyzing the quantity of thermal power recovered and made available in the form of electrical power. The ORC plant is modeled using a 0D/1D thermo-fluid dynamic approach. Starting from experimental tests, a map-based model for the piston pump and the scroll expander has been developed. The model has been validated through the use of a vector optimization technique, exploiting a genetic algorithm (MOGA). Subsequently, this system has been coupled to a spark ignition engine for automotive applications, adapting its speed range to comply with the ORC experimental tests. To have an accurate control over the expander inlet temperature, a bypass circuit and two throttles actuated by a PI controller have been implemented. The simulations were performed by considering 18 engine points at maximum load and different rpm. An average thermal efficiency increase of the system of 2.6% was obtained by introducing the recovery plant, and wide improvement chance can be foreseen in the case of ORC full-power use.
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- 2021
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14. Estimation and Predictive Control of a Parallel Evaporator Diesel Engine Waste Heat Recovery System.
- Author
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Yebi, Adamu, Xu, Bin, Liu, Xiaobing, Shutty, John, Anschel, Paul, Filipi, Zoran, Onori, Simona, and Hoffman, Mark
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DIESEL motors ,HEAT recovery - Abstract
This paper proposes a real-time capable augmented control scheme for a parallel evaporator organic Rankine cycle (ORC) waste heat recovery system for a heavy-duty diesel engine, which ensures efficient and safe ORC system operation. Assuming a time constant separation between the thermal and pressure dynamics, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is designed to regulate the mixed working fluid (WF) outlet temperature and the differential temperature between the two parallel evaporator outlets. Meanwhile, the evaporator pressure is regulated by an external PID control. The NMPC is designed using a reduced order, moving boundary control model of the heat exchanger system. In the NMPC formulation, state feedback is constructed from the estimated state via an unscented Kalman filter based on temperature measurements of the exhaust gas and WF at the evaporator outlet. The performance of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated in simulation over an experimentally validated, high fidelity, and physics-based ORC plant model during a transient constant speed and variable load engine drive cycle. The performance of the proposed control scheme (NMPC plus PID) is further validated via comparison with a conventional, multiple-loop PID controlling both the mixed evaporator outlet WF temperature, and the evaporator pressure. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme outperforms a multiple-loop PID control in terms of both safety and total recovered thermal energy by up to 12% and 9%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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15. Effects of external perturbations on dynamic performance of carbon dioxide transcritical power cycles for truck engine waste heat recovery.
- Author
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Li, Xiaoya, Tian, Hua, Shu, Gequn, Hu, Chen, Sun, Rui, and Li, Ligeng
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WASTE heat recovery units , *CARBON dioxide , *TRUCK engines , *RECUPERATORS , *DYNAMIC models - Abstract
Abstract Carbon dioxide transcritical power cycle (CTPC) systems are dynamically tested on a constructed test bench using an expansion valve. Effects of external perturbations of pump speed, expansion valve opening and engine conditions on dynamic performance of the CTPC systems are investigated with step changes. Dynamic characteristics are identified with rise time, settling time and overshoot. Results show that both a basic CTPC system and a CTPC system with a recuperator (R-CTPC) behave as a second-order underdamped system with the perturbations of pump speed and expansion valve opening. Overshoot or undershoot tends to appear in pressures when pump speed changes, while overshoot or undershoot occurs more noticeably in temperatures when expansion valve opening varies. Although the CTPC systems respond slowly with the perturbations of engine conditions, they have the ability to operate safely and produce power continuously. Therefore, the CTPC systems are robust when facing narrow fluctuations of heat sources while swift when required to make adjustments, showing great potential for truck engine waste heat recovery. Overall, current research gives a full understanding of the dynamic performance of the CTPC systems, which will provide references for dynamic model validation and possible control strategy identification. Highlights • Perturbations include pump speed, expansion valve opening, engine speed and torque. • Effects on dynamic performance of CTPC and R-CTPC are tested with step changes. • CTPC systems behave as a second-order underdamped system and overshoot occur. • CTPC systems respond fast with variations of pump speed and expansion valve opening. • CTPC systems are robust facing narrow fluctuations while swift when needs to adjust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. A review of modified Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) for internal combustion engine waste heat recovery (ICE-WHR).
- Author
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Shi, Lingfeng, Shu, Gequn, Tian, Hua, and Deng, Shuai
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ENERGY conversion , *INTERNAL combustion engines , *RANKINE cycle , *COMBUSTION gases ,INTERNAL combustion engine exhaust gas - Abstract
Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is considered as a rational solution to convert thermal energy of low and moderate temperature heat sources into mechanical work, which currently attracts more and more attention as an effective way for internal combustion engine waste heat recovery (ICE-WHR). Traditional design methods for low-temperature ORCs do not adapt to ICE-WHR suitably due to the specific large-gradient temperature drop characteristics of engine waste heats, and corresponding low-temperature organic fluids meeting with thermal matching and thermal decomposition issues for high-temperature exhaust gas recovery. Hence, there have been a great amount of studies focusing on modified ORCs to achieve a better performance from the aspects of cycle and fluid during the past decade, mainly in 2010s. In this paper, relevant researches of these modified ORCs were reviewed and divided into four parts to approach the ideal cycle, which was defined as the best matching cycle to engine waste heats. From paths of fluid and cycle, high-temperature ORCs (HT-ORCs), mixture ORCs (M-ORCs), ORCs combining with extra loops and dual loop ORCs (DORCs) were summarized. The method of temperature-entropy (t-s) map was applied to provide the approaching degree from modified ORCs to the ideal cycle. The study provides valuable information for stakeholders interested in ORC technologies and gives policymakers perspectives regarding different ORC options for ICE-WHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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17. A Software Tool for Automatic Geometry Generation of a Micro Turbine.
- Author
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HOFFMANN, Simon P., RÜCKERT, Frank U., THEIS, Danjana, RUFFINO, Alexander G., LEHSER-PFEFFERMANN, Daniel, and HÜBNER, Dirk
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SOFTWARE development tools ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,SOLAR power plants ,COMBUSTION engineering ,ELECTRICAL energy - Abstract
Heat recovery plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of renewable energy facilities like biomass furnaces, solar power plants or biofuel combustion engines. As the overall efficiency of the facilities can be increased by recovering the energy. The available waste heat can be converted directly into mechanical energy, pressure or subsequently converted into electrical energy by coupling the expansions machine with a generator. The waste heat can be converted by Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Therefore, an expansion machine, e.g. a turbine is required. Also small amounts of waste heat can be recovered, if so-called micro turbines are used. Design and construction of such micro turbines always follow fixed rules. Aim of this work is to explain the rules how to design a micro turbine. Furthermore, our workflow and a software tool which follows these rules should be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
18. Two-Stage Radial Turbine for a Small Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Plant
- Author
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Ambra Giovannelli, Erika Maria Archilei, and Coriolano Salvini
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computational fluid dynamic (cfd) analysis ,organic rankine cycle (orc) ,radial turbine ,turbine design ,waste heat recovery (whr) ,Technology - Abstract
Looking at the waste heat potential made available by industry, it can be noted that there are many sectors where small scale (< 100 kWe) organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants could be applied to improve the energy efficiency. Such plants are quite challenging from the techno-economic point of view: the temperature of the primary heat source poses a low cutoff to the system thermodynamic efficiency. Therefore, high-performance components are needed, but, at the same time, they have to be at low cost as possible to assure a reasonable payback time. In this paper, the design of a two-stage radial in-flow turbine for small ORC industrial plants is presented. Compared to commonly applied mono-stage expanders (both volumetric and dynamic), this novel turbine enables plants to exploit higher pressure ratios than conventional plants. Thus, the theoretical limit to the cycle efficiency is enhanced with undoubted benefits on the overall ORC plant performance. The design process involved 1D/2D models as well as 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic ones. After the design of the preliminary configuration, sensitivity analyses were carried out varying the most relevant geometric parameters for design performance improvement. Thereafter, the stages were both analyzed in off-design conditions giving their performance maps. Moreover, a stage stacking procedure was applied to obtain the overall turbine behavior.
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- 2020
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19. Optimization of organic Rankine cycle used for waste heat recovery of construction equipment engine with additional waste heat of hydraulic oil cooler.
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Negash, Assmelash, Kim, Young Min, Shin, Dong Gil, and Cho, Gyu Baek
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RANKINE cycle , *HEAT recovery , *OIL coolers (Engines) , *CONSTRUCTION equipment , *OIL well pumps - Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide an optimal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system for waste heat recovery (WHR) from a construction equipment engine. Construction equipment machines have very high annual fuel consumption, and most of the engine power is used to drive a hydraulic oil pump, thus producing additional waste heat from the hydraulic oil cooler. In order to compare the WHR of the construction equipment engine with that of a conventional engine without the heat of the hydraulic oil, four different single-loop ORC cases were considered and optimized for maximum net power. The results of this study showed that at the half-load condition as the primary operating condition, the use of additional waste heat from the hydraulic oil can increase the net power output of the ORC in the construction equipment engine by 11% despite at a low expander inlet temperature without a recuperator as compared to the system without the heat of hydraulic oil. However, the use of waste heat from the hydraulic oil increased the cost of the system owing to the preheater used by hydraulic oil and the increased condenser size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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20. Thermo-economic analysis of the transcritical organic Rankine cycle using R1234yf/R32 mixtures as the working fluids for lower-grade waste heat recovery.
- Author
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Yang, Min-Hsiung, Yeh, Rong-Hua, and Hung, Tzu-Chen
- Subjects
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BIOPHYSICAL economics , *RANKINE cycle , *MIXTURES , *WORKING fluids , *HEAT recovery - Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the thermo-economic performance of the transcritical organic Rankine cycle (TORC) system using R1234yf/R32 mixtures as the working fluids for the lower-grade waste heat recovery (WHR). The components of R32 and R1234yf are selected due to their zero ozone depletion potential, lower global warming potential and complementary thermodynamic properties. The influences of the mass fractions of R1234yf/R32 mixtures, isentropic efficiencies of the expander, condensation temperature, turbine inlet pressure and temperature on performances have been investigated. The results show that R1234yf/R32 at optimal mass fraction is superior to pure R1234yf and pure R32 by 1.46% and 4.88% in thermo-economic performance, respectively. The optimal compositions of mixtures and the optimal temperature entropy diagrams are obtained to fit the various isentropic efficiencies possessed by the different types of expanders. In thermo-economic evaluation, the lower the condensation temperature is, the larger the optimal mass fraction of R32 in the mixtures will be. The increase of optimal expander inlet pressure and temperature are proportional to that of mass fraction of R32 in mixtures. The relationships among mass fraction, optimal expander inlet pressure and temperature and performance are expressed as the correlations for convenient design in lower-grade WHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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21. Multi-Objective Analysis of a CHP Plant Integrated Microgrid in Pakistan.
- Author
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Waqar, Asad, Tanveer, Muhammad Shahbaz, Ahmad, Jehanzeb, Aamir, Muhammad, Yaqoob, Muneeb, and Anwar, Fareeha
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ELECTRIC power distribution , *ELECTRIC power systems , *ELECTRIC power failures , *ELECTRIC power production , *ELECTRIC power transmission - Abstract
In developing countries like Pakistan, the capacity shortage (CS) of electricity is a critical problem. The frequent natural gas (NG) outages compel consumers to use electricity to fulfill the thermal loads, which ends up as an increase in electrical load. In this scenario, the authors have proposed the concept of a combined heat & power (CHP) plant to be a better option for supplying both electrical and thermal loads simultaneously. A CHP plant-based microgrid comprising a PV array, diesel generators and batteries (operating in grid-connected as well as islanded modes) has been simulated using the HOMER Pro software. Different configurations of distributed generators (DGs) with/without batteries have been evaluated considering multiple objectives. The multiple objectives include the minimization of the total net present cost (TNPC), cost of generated energy (COE) and the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as the maximization of annual waste heat recovery (WHR) of thermal units and annual grid sales (GS). These objectives are subject to the constraints of power balance, battery operation within state of charge (SOC) limits, generator operation within capacity limits and zero capacity shortage. The simulations have been performed on six cities including Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta and Gilgit. The simulation results have been analyzed to find the most optimal city for the CHP plant integrated microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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22. A review and future application of Rankine Cycle to passenger vehicles for waste heat recovery.
- Author
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Zhou, Feng, Joshi, Shailesh N., Rhote-Vaney, Raphael, and Dede, Ercan M.
- Subjects
- *
WORKING fluids , *RANKINE cycle , *TWO-phase flow , *HEAT recovery , *ENERGY conversion , *ENERGY harvesting - Abstract
Rankine Cycle (RC) is a thermodynamic cycle that converts thermal energy into mechanical work, which is commonly found in thermal power generation plants. Recently, there have been many studies focusing on applying Rankine Cycle to recover low-grade waste heat. On-road vehicles, which convert around one third of the fuel energy into useful mechanical energy for propulsion, are moving energy conversion systems that generate considerable waste heat. It is found from prior research that the Rankine Cycle has great potential in automobile waste heat harvesting applications. However, in contrast with other low-grade waste heat applications, vehicles have limited space for the RC system integration, and the waste heat is relatively unsteady. In this work, the efforts in the past few decades to apply RC to on-road vehicles, specifically passenger cars, are reviewed. Characteristics of the waste heat sources found in vehicles and the constraints put on the automotive RC application are identified. Rankine Cycle architectures, system components, and working fluids suitable to different applications are summarized, which provides a guideline for future RC system design in automobiles. Lastly, a new concept and case study into the future application of Rankine Cycle to vehicle waste heat recovery (WHR) is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Organic Rankine Cycle for Vehicles: Control Design and Experimental Results.
- Author
-
Peralez, Johan, Nadri, Madiha, Dufour, Pascal, Tona, Paolino, and Sciarretta, Antonio
- Subjects
HEAT recovery ,DIESEL motors - Abstract
The system considered here is an organic Rankine cycle for recovering waste heat from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Because of the highly transient conditions these systems are subject to, control plays a fundamental role to enable the viability and efficiency of those systems. In this context, this paper investigates the problem of control design for superheating (SH) and pressure at evaporator outlet. Based on a moving boundary heat exchanger model, a first controller, which consists of a dynamic feedforward combined to a gain-scheduled PID, is implemented on the pump speed to maintain the SH close to the set-point value. Experimental results illustrate the enhanced performance in terms of disturbance rejection. Then, a second controller based on nonlinear state estimation is proposed. This is a nonlinear feedback law, which allows to adjust the evaporating pressure to time-varying demand with a good accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Thermal analysis of thermo electric generator for waste heat recovery
- Author
-
Ragupathi P
- Subjects
Lead Telluride (PbTe) ,Thermo electric generator (TEG) ,Silicon Germanium (SiGe) ,Waste heat recovery (WHR) ,Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) - Abstract
The thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are used to generate electric power. Thermo electric modules which are used in TEGs are utilized to change the thermal energy into electrical energy and it operates on the basic concept of See beck effect. Power generation by Thermo-Electric (TE) materials is an interesting method for the direct translation of thermal energy into electrical energy. This work discovers a method of analysis on the performance of TEGs with different materials for recovering the waste heat and converts it into electric power. For this, an experimental setup for waste heat recovery and energy conversion equipment was designed and fabricated. The TEGs made by Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3), Lead Telluride (PbTe), and Silicon Germanium (SiGe) are taken for the performance analysis. From these above-mentioned TE materials, the Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) has better performance when compared with others within a temperature span that is most appropriate for cooling and heating utilities.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Emergy-Based Exergoeconomic (Emergoeconomic) Analyses of a Biomass Combustion Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle
- Author
-
Saeed Khojaste Effatpanah, Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, Seyed Hamid Delbari, and Giulio Lorenzini
- Subjects
waste heat recovery (WHR) ,organic Rankine cycle (ORC) ,exergoeconomic ,emergoeconomic ,sustainability ,General Physics and Astronomy - Abstract
In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend toward the technical development of efficient energy system assessment tools owing to the growing energy demand and subsequent greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, in this paper, a comprehensive emergy-based exergoeconomic (emergoeconomic) method has been developed to study the biomass combustion waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle (BCWHR-ORC), taking into account thermodynamics, economics, and sustainability aspects. To this end, the system was formulated in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, and then the exergy, exergoeconomic, and emergoeconomic analyses were conducted accordingly. The exergy analysis results revealed that the evaporator unit with 55.05 kilowatts and the turbine with 89.57% had the highest exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency, respectively. Based on the exergoeconomic analysis, the cost per exergy unit (c), and the cost rate (C˙) of the output power of the system were calculated to be 24.13 USD/GJ and 14.19 USD/h, respectively. Next, by applying the emergoeconomic approach, the monetary emergy content of the system components and the flows were calculated to evaluate the system’s sustainability. Accordingly, the turbine was found to have the highest monetary emergy rate of capital investment, equal to 5.43×1012sej/h, and an output power monetary emergy of 4.77×104sej/J. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the system’s overall performance characteristics from an exergoeconomic perspective, regarding the changes in the transformation coefficients (specific monetary emergy).
- Published
- 2021
26. Parallel-expander Organic Rankine cycle using dual expanders with different capacities.
- Author
-
Yun, Eunkoo, Kim, Dokyun, Lee, Minseog, Baek, Seungdong, Yoon, Sang Youl, and Kim, Kyung Chun
- Subjects
- *
HEAT recovery , *RANKINE cycle , *CHILLERS (Refrigeration) , *HYDRONICS , *ELECTRIC power consumption , *POWER plants - Abstract
This study reports on a parallel-expander Organic Rankine cycle (PE-ORC) using dual expanders with different capacities. This system is applicable to waste heat sources that have large variation, such as distributed power plants with varying electricity demand. The test bench for the experimental investigation consists of a PE-ORC loop with two different scroll expanders, an electrical water heating system, and an air-cooled chiller. The tested performance characteristics for each operating mode are presented. The experimental results show three clearly separated operation regions with high efficiency, two possible switching points of the operating mode, and good heat recovery capability over a wider range of heat input compared to a PE-ORC system with two identical expanders. A control strategy for the system is proposed to maintain superheated state at the inlet of expander and to obtain high performance after changing the operating mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Optimizations of the waste heat recovery system for a large marine diesel engine based on transcritical Rankine cycle.
- Author
-
Yang, Min-Hsiung
- Subjects
- *
MARINE diesel motors , *HEAT recovery , *RANKINE cycle , *ENERGY economics , *COOLING of water , *LUBRICATING oils - Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the economic performance of the waste heat recovery (WHR) system for a marine diesel engine. Four waste heat sources, which are exhaust gas, cylinder cooling water, scavenge air cooling water and lubricating oil of a marine diesel engine, are first applied to drive the transcritical Rankine cycle (TRC). R1234yf, R1234ze, R134a, R152a, R236fa and R290 are employed in the system as working fluids. The effects of expander inlet pressure and temperature on net power output, thermal efficiency, total cost, mass flow rate, and available efficiency of the WHR system are analyzed. The levelized energy cost is used to evaluate the economic optimizations and their corresponding optimal parameters in the WHR system. The results show that the optimal levelized energy cost of R236fa is the most excellent and is lower than that of R1234ze, R134a, R152a, R1234yf or R290 by 5.07%, 6.25%, 7.42%, 9.77% or 12.11%, respectively. The payback period, fuel oil saving, and CO 2 emission reduction are applied to assess the suitability of these working fluids. Furthermore, the economic optimization correlations in terms of dimensionless optimal pressures and temperature difference ratios are proposed for the system design of the optimal operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Design and modelling of a heat recovery cycle and turbine for a low temperature hydrogen fuel cell
- Author
-
Symes, Richard and Symes, Richard
- Abstract
This thesis examines the viability of waste heat recovery from a small scale, low temperature hydrogen fuel cell, to generate additional power using a thermodynamic cycle and micro-turbine. It investigates the optimal fluid selection for an organic Rankine cycle and models a radial inflow turbine to generate power from the cycle, which was able to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell by 5%. This work optimises the cycle and turbine designs to match the operating conditions and achieve the highest efficiency and validates the result using 3D fluid simulations.
- Published
- 2021
29. High-temperature heat pump simulator (heatpack) for application in computer laboratory sessions for engineering students
- Author
-
Mota Babiloni, Adrián, Mateu Royo, Carlos, Navarro Esbrí, Joaquín, Barragán Cervera, Angel, Mota Babiloni, Adrián, Mateu Royo, Carlos, Navarro Esbrí, Joaquín, and Barragán Cervera, Angel
- Abstract
A significant amount of energy in the form of heat is lost in industrial processes once it is used in specific processes. Among different technologies, high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) are a valuable method of recovering low-temperature waste heat in the industry in a very efficient way that can be activated using clean electricity. As a recently investigated technology, they are not yet spread in industrial processes, where traditional technologies are preferred. Therefore, this work shows an HTHP computer program (named HeatPack) to be used as a simulator by the university or technical students of courses included in the area of applied thermodynamics engineering. This interactive and user-friendly platform allows the modification of different operating and design parameters and the working fluid. As outputs, the program provides the rest of the operating parameters and the energy performance of the cycle (quantified by the coefficient of performance, COP). A comparison between the proposed HTHP and a gas boiler is also performed by the program and the energetic, environmental, and economic savings are displayed. Students, as the main target of users of the program, can observe how this technology can provide very relevant emission reductions in comparison with fossil fuel-based boilers, under which situation the energy performance of the HTHP is higher, and which alternative low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants can provide more advantages. In addition to the educational use, this software can be used to design and study the integration of HTHPs in existing industrial needs to evaluate the feasibility.
- Published
- 2021
30. Single-loop organic Rankine cycles for engine waste heat recovery using both low- and high-temperature heat sources.
- Author
-
Kim, Young Min, Shin, Dong Gil, Kim, Chang Gi, and Cho, Gyu Baek
- Subjects
- *
RANKINE cycle , *HEAT recovery , *HIGH temperatures , *ENERGY economics , *THERMAL efficiency - Abstract
A highly efficient single-loop ORC (organic Rankine cycle) is proposed for engine WHR (waste heat recovery) from a gasoline vehicle. IC (Internal combustion) engines have two waste heat sources—exhaust gas and engine coolant—with similar quantities of energy but different temperatures. Dual-loop systems can obtain the maximum power output from engine WHR; however, the systems occupy large amounts of space and are complex, heavy, and economically unfavorable, particularly for vehicle applications. A highly efficient single-loop system can overcome such limitations. This paper compares the performances of conventional single-loop systems and proposes a novel single-loop ORC system for engine WHR from both low- and high-temperature sources. The novel single-loop system produces approximately 20% additional power from engine WHR when operating under the target engine conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. An analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency for exhaust gas recirculation-condensed water recirculation-waste heat recovery condensing boilers (EGR-CWR-WHR CB).
- Author
-
Lee, Chang-Eon, Yu, Byeonghun, and Lee, Seungro
- Subjects
- *
THERMODYNAMICS , *THERMAL efficiency , *EXHAUST gas recirculation , *HEAT recovery , *BOILERS - Abstract
This study presents fundamental research on the development of a new boiler that is expected to have a higher efficiency and lower emissions than existing boilers. The thermodynamic efficiency of exhaust gas recirculation-condensed water recirculation-waste heat recovery condensing boilers (EGR-CWR-WHR CB) was calculated using thermodynamic analysis and was compared with other boilers. The results show the possibility of obtaining a high efficiency when the temperature of the exhaust gas is controlled within 50–60 °C because water in the exhaust gas is condensed within this temperature range. In addition, the enthalpy emitted by the exhaust gas for the new boiler is smaller because the amount of condensed water is increased by the high dew-point temperature and the low exhaust gas temperature. Thus, the new boiler can obtain a higher efficiency than can older boilers. The efficiency of the EGR-CWR-WHR CB proposed in this study is 93.91%, which is 7.04% higher than that of existing CB that is currently used frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Power generation by different waste heat recovery methodologies with reference to cement works in Pakistan: A case study for cement industry in Pakistan.
- Author
-
Kazmi, S. Ali Abbas and Khan, M. Zahir
- Abstract
Cement industry is one of the strongest candidates for waste heat recovery (WHR) due to the reason that about 40% of heat utilize for clinker production process is exhausted to atmosphere from exhausts of suspension preheater (SP) and air quenching chamber (AQC), without utilization. In this paper, different technologies for power generation by WHR system are discussed, as main concern nowadays is increasing power generation by different WHR technologies by the same source. The demonstration is done on a case study where WHR unit is not yet installed. Comparison of power generation is done utilizing different methodologies along with their results. The applied CDM methodology applied and resultant emission reductions are also shown. The conclusions are given for the best system that is suitable as per our limitations and operational conditions. The monitoring policy of waste hear recovery power plant for billing and power usage is also devised. The advantages and barriers in-terms of installation of waste heat recovery system are also mentioned. It can be a role model for other third world countries like Pakistan, for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Thermoeconomic analysis of two solid oxide fuel cell based cogeneration plants integrated with simple or modified supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles: A comparative study.
- Author
-
Sadeghi, Mohsen, Seyed Mahmoudi, Seyed Mohammad, and Rosen, Marc A.
- Subjects
- *
SOLID oxide fuel cells , *BRAYTON cycle , *HEAT recovery , *THERMODYNAMIC cycles , *CARBON dioxide , *WASTE heat - Abstract
Two supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2) Brayton cycles for waste heat recovery in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-based plant are assessed and compared from thermodynamic and economic perspectives. One cycle considered is a simple sCO 2 cycle with recuperation, while the other is the supercritical recompression CO 2 (srCO 2) cycle. To provide a fair comparison between the performances of the SOFC-sCO 2 integrated plants, the flue gas is considered to exit at the same temperature in both cases, through a heating unit to generate hot air. The findings indicate that designing an efficient SOFC-sCO 2 integrated plant for cogenerating electricity and a by-product, e.g., heat, is not solely a question of selecting the most efficient sCO 2 layout as the bottoming power cycle. Rather, it is a tradeoff between the exergetic performance of the sCO 2 layout and its potential to absorb heat from upper SOFC system. It is shown that, at the optimized condition, the capability of a simple sCO 2 cycle for recovering heat from the SOFC is 30.86% higher than a srCO 2 layout. However, the exergy efficiency of the SOFC-srCO 2 integrated cogeneration plant is 0.64% higher than that of the SOFC-sCO 2 , with a corresponding increase in the average unit cost of products of 3.06%. • Simple and modified supercritical CO 2 Brayton cycles are compared for WHR of SOFC. • Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyses are implemented for cogeneration plants. • Using efficient SCO 2 layout does not guarantee high waste heat to power conversion. • Employing a simple SCO 2 cycle instead of a SRCO 2 layout raises power production. • The SOFC-SRCO 2 integrated cogeneration plant has a 0.64% higher exergy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Comparative analysis of a bottoming transcritical ORC and a Kalina cycle for engine exhaust heat recovery.
- Author
-
Yue, Chen, Han, Dong, Pu, Wenhao, and He, Weifeng
- Subjects
- *
RANKINE cycle , *COMBINED cycle (Engines) , *INTERNAL combustion engines , *KALINA cycle , *THERMAL efficiency , *HEAT sinks - Abstract
A performance comparison of two types of bottoming cycles, including a Kalina cycle and a transcritical organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using working fluids with sliding-temperature boiling characteristics, is conducted in order to analyze energy saving of the sensible exhaust waste heat recovery (WHR) under various internal combustion engine (ICE) working conditions. Through quantitatively analyzing the relation between exhaust waste-heat behaviors and the ICE load of a commercial ICE, two bottoming subsystems models, including a transcritical ORC using some several Alkanes and a Kalina cycle using NH 3 –H 2 O as working fluids, are build under the same ICE various-temperature exhaust heat-source and air heat-sink conditions. Compared to Kalina cycle, the transcritical ORC shows prominent advantages on the overall thermal efficiency, low operation pressure and simple components configuration at the ICE load with exhaust temperature over 491 K. The optimal thermal performance of the transcritical ORC appears at the ICE load with the certain exhaust temperature of 569–618 K. However, thermodynamic performance of the bottoming transcritical ORC is worsened considerably at the ICE load with the exhaust temperature over or under the certain value. Moreover, the extremely high turbine expansion ratio requires a complex multi-stage turbine design and big turbine dimensions for the bottoming transcritical ORC using Alkanes-based working fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Volumetric Expander Suitable for Waste Heat Recovery from an Automotive Internal Combustion Engine Using an Organic Rankine Cycle with Ethanol
- Author
-
José Galindo, Vicente Dolz, Lucía Royo-Pascual, Regine Haller, and Julien Melis
- Subjects
organic Rankine cycle (ORC) ,waste heat recovery (WHR) ,internal combustion engine (ICE) ,swash-plate ,ethanol ,modeling ,thermal inertia ,Technology - Abstract
Waste heat recovery (WHR) in exhaust gas flow of automotive engines has proved to be a useful path to increase the overall efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE). Recovery potentials of up to 7% are shown in several works in the literature. However, most of them are theoretical estimations. Some present results from prototypes fed by steady flows generated in an auxiliary gas tank and not with actual engine exhaust gases. This paper deals with the modeling and experimental validation of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with a swash-plate expander integrated in a 2 L turbocharged petrol engine using ethanol as working fluid. A global simulation model of the ORC was developed with a maximum difference of 5%, validated with experimental results. Considering the swash-plate as the main limiting factor, an additional specific submodel was implemented to model the physical phenomena in this element. This model allows simulating the fluid dynamic behavior of the swash-plate expander using a 0D model (Amesim). Differences up to 10.5% between tests and model results were found.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Alkanes as working fluids for high-temperature exhaust heat recovery of diesel engine using organic Rankine cycle.
- Author
-
Shu, Gequn, Li, Xiaoning, Tian, Hua, Liang, Xingyu, Wei, Haiqiao, and Wang, Xu
- Subjects
- *
HIGH temperatures , *ALKANES , *WORKING fluids , *HEAT recovery , *DIESEL motors , *RANKINE cycle - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Less complex fluids are preferred due to their excellent performances. [•] The cyclic Alkanes are considered as the most promising candidate. [•] Maximum improvement of 10% in BSFC is obtained by DE-ORC combined systems. [•] Alkane-based ORCs may be more attractive than steam cycle for exhaust heat recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Evaluation of the environmental sustainability of a micro CHP system fueled by low-temperature geothermal and solar energy.
- Author
-
Ruzzenenti, Franco, Bravi, Mirko, Tempesti, Duccio, Salvatici, Enrica, Manfrida, Giampaolo, and Basosi, Riccardo
- Subjects
- *
GEOTHERMAL resources , *SOLAR energy , *CARBON dioxide , *LOW temperatures , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *COGENERATION of electric power & heat , *HEAT recovery - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Binary, ORC technology avoids CO2, but raises questions about environmental impact. [•] We proposed a micro-size system that combines geothermal energy with solar energy. [•] The small scale and the solar energy input edges the energy profitability. [•] The system’s performance is appreciable if applied to existing wells. [•] The feasibility of exploiting abandoned wells is preliminarily evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Energy and exergy analyses of a bottoming Rankine cycle for engine exhaust heat recovery.
- Author
-
Zhu, Sipeng, Deng, Kangyao, and Qu, Shuan
- Subjects
- *
EXERGY , *COMBINED cycle (Engines) , *RANKINE cycle , *DIESEL motor exhaust gas , *HEAT recovery , *THERMODYNAMICS - Abstract
Abstract: In this paper, a theoretical study on the thermodynamic processes of a bottoming Rankine cycle for engine waste heat recovery is conducted from the viewpoints of energy balance and exergy balance. A theoretical formula and an exergy distribution map for qualitative analyses of the main operating parameters are presented under simplified conditions when exhaust gas is selected as the only heat source. Five typical working fluids, which are always selected by manufacturers for different types of engines, are compared under various operating conditions in Matlab software. The results show that working fluid properties, evaporating pressure and superheating temperature are the main factors influencing the system design and performances. The global recovery efficiency does not exceed 0.14 under typical operating conditions. Ethanol and R113 show better thermodynamic performances in the whole exhaust gas temperature range. In addition, the optimal evaporating pressure usually does not exist in engine exhaust heat recovery, and the distributions of exergy destruction are varied with working fluid categories and system design constraints. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. High-temperature heat simulator (Heatpack) for application i computer laboratory sessions for engineering students
- Author
-
Carlos Mateu Royo, Adrián Mota Babiloni, Joaquín Navarro Esbrí, and Angel Barragán Cervera
- Subjects
high-temperature heat pump (hthp), computer program, applied thermodynamics, decarbonization, waste heat recovery (whr), industry ,Heat pumps ,Computer science ,020209 energy ,Física::Termodinàmica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,02 engineering and technology ,Ensenyament i aprenentatge::Metodologies docents::Aprenentatge actiu [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,lcsh:Technology ,Enginyeria -- Ensenyament ,Education ,law.invention ,law ,Waste heat ,computer program ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Thermodynamics--Study and teaching ,Bombes de calor ,applied thermodynamics ,Simulation ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,industry ,Computer program ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,Engineering -- Study and teaching ,decarbonization ,waste heat recovery (WHR) ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,Termodinàmica -- Ensenyament ,05 social sciences ,Fossil fuel ,Boiler (power generation) ,050301 education ,Coefficient of performance ,Computer-assisted instruction ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,Ensenyament assistit per ordinador ,Working fluid ,Thermodynamics ,Electricity ,Termodinàmica apliacada ,business ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,0503 education ,high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) ,Heat pump ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
A significant amount of energy in the form of heat is lost in industrial processes once it is used in specific processes. Among different technologies, high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) are a valuable method of recovering low-temperature waste heat in the industry in a very efficient way that can be activated using clean electricity. As a recently investigated technology, they are not yet spread in industrial processes, where traditional technologies are preferred. Therefore, this work shows an HTHP computer program (named HeatPack) to be used as a simulator by the university or technical students of courses included in the area of applied thermodynamics engineering. This interactive and user-friendly platform allows the modification of different operating and design parameters and the working fluid. As outputs, the program provides the rest of the operating parameters and the energy performance of the cycle (quantified by the coefficient of performance, COP). A comparison between the proposed HTHP and a gas boiler is also performed by the program and the energetic, environmental, and economic savings are displayed. Students, as the main target of users of the program, can observe how this technology can provide very relevant emission reductions in comparison with fossil fuel-based boilers, under which situation the energy performance of the HTHP is higher, and which alternative low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants can provide more advantages. In addition to the educational use, this software can be used to design and study the integration of HTHPs in existing industrial needs to evaluate the feasibility.
- Published
- 2020
40. Two-stage radial turbine for a small waste heat recovery Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant
- Author
-
Erika Maria Archilei, Ambra Giovannelli, Coriolano Salvini, Giovannelli, A., Archilei, E. M., and Salvini, C.
- Subjects
Thermal efficiency ,Control and Optimization ,020209 energy ,Radial turbine ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Technology ,Turbine ,Waste heat recovery unit ,Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysi ,turbine design ,020401 chemical engineering ,Waste heat ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Process engineering ,Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), radial turbine ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Organic Rankine cycle ,waste heat recovery (WHR) ,lcsh:T ,radial turbine ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Turbine design ,organic Rankine cycle (ORC) ,computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis ,Environmental science ,Performance improvement ,business ,Engineering design process ,Waste heat recovery (WHR) ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Looking at the waste heat potential made available by industry, it can be noted that there are many sectors where small scale (< 100 kWe) organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants could be applied to improve the energy efficiency. Such plants are quite challenging from the techno-economic point of view: the temperature of the primary heat source poses a low cutoff to the system thermodynamic efficiency. Therefore, high-performance components are needed, but, at the same time, they have to be at low cost as possible to assure a reasonable payback time. In this paper, the design of a two-stage radial in-flow turbine for small ORC industrial plants is presented. Compared to commonly applied mono-stage expanders (both volumetric and dynamic), this novel turbine enables plants to exploit higher pressure ratios than conventional plants. Thus, the theoretical limit to the cycle efficiency is enhanced with undoubted benefits on the overall ORC plant performance. The design process involved 1D/2D models as well as 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic ones. After the design of the preliminary configuration, sensitivity analyses were carried out varying the most relevant geometric parameters for design performance improvement. Thereafter, the stages were both analyzed in off-design conditions giving their performance maps. Moreover, a stage stacking procedure was applied to obtain the overall turbine behavior.
- Published
- 2020
41. Full-admission radial turbine for waste heat recovery Organic Rankine Cycles
- Author
-
Ambra Giovannelli, Coriolano Salvini, E. M. Archilei, Giovannelli, A., Archilei, E. M., and Salvini, C.
- Subjects
020209 energy ,Radial turbine ,02 engineering and technology ,Turbine ,Waste heat recovery unit ,020401 chemical engineering ,Thermodynamic cycle ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,ddc:330 ,0204 chemical engineering ,Process engineering ,Degree Rankine ,Parametric statistics ,Organic Rankine cycle ,Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) ,business.industry ,Turbine design ,Power (physics) ,Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) ,General Energy ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,business ,CFD ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plants are interesting systems for power production by Waste Heat Recovery (WHR), although their application, especially for small/medium plants, could be not economically convenient. This is due to the inherent low thermodynamic cycle efficiency connected to the temperature of the heat source. Therefore, to avoid further penalizations, plant components (especially the turbine) should reach high performance both at nominal and off-design conditions. The paper deals with the design (from a 1-D to a fully 3-D level) of a full-admission radial-inflow turbine for a WHR ORC plant with a power output less than 50 kW. A parametric study was carried out to improve the turbine performance varying the most relevant geometric parameters, and the most promising geometry was analyzed in off-design conditions. Keywords: Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), Radial turbine, Turbine design, CFD, Waste Heat Recovery (WHR)
- Published
- 2020
42. Feasibility Assessment of a Dual Intake-Port Scroll Expander Operating in an ORC-Based Power Unit.
- Author
-
Fatigati, Fabio, Di Giovine, Giammarco, and Cipollone, Roberto
- Subjects
INTERNAL combustion engine exhaust gas ,RANKINE cycle ,WASTE gases ,HEAT recovery ,INTERNAL combustion engines - Abstract
The main driver of research in the road transportation sector is almost certainly the development of technologies which allow for the reduction of CO
2 emissions from internal combustion engines (ICEs). Wasted heat recovery (WHR) from the exhaust gases of ICEs based on organic rankine cycle (ORC) power units is one of the most promising technological solutions. However, several issues are raised when the recovery unit is scaled down to small applications, not to mention the fact that thermal sources are characterized by their intrinsically transient nature, as is the case with ICEs. In fact, this leads the ORC unit having to work frequently in off-design conditions. To successfully overcome this issue, the proper design and selection of the expanders are crucial. They are generally chosen from volumetric-type machines, thanks to their capacity to deal with time-varying thermo-fluid dynamic inlet properties. Among them, scroll machines represent one of the best solutions, despite them not yet being optimized as expanders, with them having been studied more as compressors. Dual-intake-port (DIP) technology is a novel solution used to enhance the performance of scroll machines. The effectiveness of this technology was assessed thanks to a comprehensive, experimentally-validated theoretical model of the scroll. It demonstrated that DIP technology can produce a 25% increase in mechanical power with respect to the baseline machine, without modifying the in–out pressure ratio. Maintaining a constant pressure difference across the expander at 5.6 bar, the power grew from 1131 W to 1410 W with the adoption of DIP technology. This power boost is lower than that achieved with a comparable DIP sliding rotary vane expander (SVRE) already studied by the authors, but the DIP Scroll achieved a higher efficiency (50–60%) when compared to the DIP SVRE case (40%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Emergy-Based Exergoeconomic (Emergoeconomic) Analyses of a Biomass Combustion Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle.
- Author
-
Effatpanah, Saeed Khojaste, Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein, Delbari, Seyed Hamid, and Lorenzini, Giulio
- Subjects
INCINERATION ,HEAT recovery ,BIOMASS burning ,EXERGY ,HEAT of combustion ,RANKINE cycle - Abstract
In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend toward the technical development of efficient energy system assessment tools owing to the growing energy demand and subsequent greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, in this paper, a comprehensive emergy-based exergoeconomic (emergoeconomic) method has been developed to study the biomass combustion waste heat recovery organic Rankine cycle (BCWHR-ORC), taking into account thermodynamics, economics, and sustainability aspects. To this end, the system was formulated in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software, and then the exergy, exergoeconomic, and emergoeconomic analyses were conducted accordingly. The exergy analysis results revealed that the evaporator unit with 55.05 kilowatts and the turbine with 89.57% had the highest exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency, respectively. Based on the exergoeconomic analysis, the cost per exergy unit (c) , and the cost rate (C ˙) of the output power of the system were calculated to be 24.13 USD/GJ and 14.19 USD/h, respectively. Next, by applying the emergoeconomic approach, the monetary emergy content of the system components and the flows were calculated to evaluate the system's sustainability. Accordingly, the turbine was found to have the highest monetary emergy rate of capital investment, equal to 5.43 × 10 12 sej / h , and an output power monetary emergy of 4.77 × 10 4 sej / J . Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the system's overall performance characteristics from an exergoeconomic perspective, regarding the changes in the transformation coefficients (specific monetary emergy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Performance analysis of a dual-loop bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for waste heat recovery of a heavy-duty diesel engine, Part I: Thermodynamic analysis.
- Author
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Boodaghi, Homayoun, Etghani, Mir Majid, and Sedighi, Kurosh
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RANKINE cycle , *HEAT recovery , *WASTE heat , *RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) , *DIESEL motors , *THERMAL efficiency , *WASTE gases , *INTERNAL combustion engines - Abstract
• Study of energy and exergy of a dual-loop organic Rankine cycle combining with engine. • Study the effect of both engine and cyclic parameters simultaneously. • The dual-loop cycle produces 310 kW power, which is 31% of the engine brake power. • Evaluation of the adequacy of the developed RSM models by the ANOVA tables. In this paper, which is the part 1 of this study, the energy and exergy characteristics of a dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) combining with a heavy-duty diesel engine were investigated. The proposed cycle is driven by the waste heat of the exhaust gases, intake air, and the coolant. Central composite design (CCD), which is a standard response surface methodology (RSM) technique, was applied to design of experiments (DoE) and to investigate the influence of both the engine and cyclic parameters such as the engine speed, the start of injection (SOI), the higher pressure of the high-temperature loop, and the higher pressure of the low-temperature loop. Adequacy of the developed RSM models has been evaluated by the ANOVA tables. The results revealed an increase in whether the engine or cycle parameters led to an enhance in the produced power of the system. As a comparison, the variation in engine variables has more impact on the produced power. On the opposite side, a change in the engine speed and SOI have a minor effect on the thermal efficiency of the system. The maximum produced power of the dual-loop ORC system was identified as 310 kW, which was resulted at the engine speed of 1800 RPM, and 0.0 degrees of CA bTDC for SOI; while the higher pressures of the HT and LT loops were in 2400 and 2100 kPa, respectively. This obtained power is 31% of the engine brake power. The maximum values for the thermal and exergy efficiencies were observed as 9.5% and 43%, respectively. Also, the exergy analysis demonstrated that the highest exergy destruction rate of the system is determined to be 500 kW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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45. Organic Rankine Cycle for Vehicles: Control Design and Experimental Results
- Author
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Paolino Tona, Pascal Dufour, Madiha Nadri, Antonio Sciarretta, Johan Peralez, Laboratoire d'automatique et de génie des procédés (LAGEP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN)
- Subjects
Organic Rankine cycle ,Engineering ,heavy-duty vehicles ,waste heat recovery (WHR) ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Feed forward ,control design ,observer ,PID controller ,02 engineering and technology ,7. Clean energy ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Control theory ,Heat recovery ventilation ,Waste heat ,[INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering ,Heat exchanger ,feedforward ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Rankine cycle ,Evaporator - Abstract
International audience; The system considered here is an organic Rankine cycle for recovering waste heat from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Because of the highly transient conditions these systems are subject to, control plays a fundamental role to enable the viability and efficiency of those systems. In this context, this paper investigates the problem of control design for superheating (SH) and pressure at evaporator outlet. Based on a moving boundary heat exchanger model, a first controller, which consists of a dynamic feedforward combined to a gain-scheduled PID, is implemented on the pump speed to maintain the SH close to the set-point value. Experimental results illustrate the enhanced performance in terms of disturbance rejection. Then, a second controller based on nonlinear state estimation is proposed. This is a nonlinear feedback law, which allows to adjust the evaporating pressure to time-varying demand with a good accuracy.
- Published
- 2017
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46. Two-Stage Radial Turbine for a Small Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Plant †.
- Author
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Giovannelli, Ambra, Archilei, Erika Maria, and Salvini, Coriolano
- Subjects
HEAT recovery ,RANKINE cycle ,WASTE heat ,TURBINES ,LIMIT cycles ,FACTORIES ,PLANT performance ,CHEMICAL plants - Abstract
Looking at the waste heat potential made available by industry, it can be noted that there are many sectors where small scale (< 100 kWe) organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants could be applied to improve the energy efficiency. Such plants are quite challenging from the techno-economic point of view: the temperature of the primary heat source poses a low cutoff to the system thermodynamic efficiency. Therefore, high-performance components are needed, but, at the same time, they have to be at low cost as possible to assure a reasonable payback time. In this paper, the design of a two-stage radial in-flow turbine for small ORC industrial plants is presented. Compared to commonly applied mono-stage expanders (both volumetric and dynamic), this novel turbine enables plants to exploit higher pressure ratios than conventional plants. Thus, the theoretical limit to the cycle efficiency is enhanced with undoubted benefits on the overall ORC plant performance. The design process involved 1D/2D models as well as 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic ones. After the design of the preliminary configuration, sensitivity analyses were carried out varying the most relevant geometric parameters for design performance improvement. Thereafter, the stages were both analyzed in off-design conditions giving their performance maps. Moreover, a stage stacking procedure was applied to obtain the overall turbine behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis and characterisation of phase change materials for waste heat recovery at high temperature for sustainable energy-intensive industry.
- Author
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Royo, Patricia, Ferreira, Victor J., Ure, Zafer, Gledhill, Sam, López-Sabirón, Ana M., and Ferreira, Germán
- Subjects
- *
WASTE recycling , *DECISION making , *HIGH temperatures , *COMPOSITE materials , *HEAT storage devices , *HEAT recovery , *LATENT heat , *PHASE change materials , *HEAT storage - Abstract
A latent heat storage system based on Phase Change Materials (PCMs) is proposed to increase the energy and environmental efficiency by recovering and storing waste heat from combustion gases or other surplus sources at in the energy-intensive industries (EII), currently unused. The final configuration design is specifically adapted to the plant operational requirements, by means of a methodology combining the search of the best conceptual design and a proper selection of core PCMs. To that end, a selection of suitable PCM is carried out by using characterisation techniques and thermal stability testing. Furthermore, relevant key factors are weighted by an in-house Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to define the most promising design options to be implemented in two plants belonging to the EII sector. For the ceramic sector, the design resulted in a shell-and-tube system with 1188 kg of a PCM melting at 885 °C and encapsulated in double concentric tubes, involving a storage capacity of 227 MJ. Similarly, 1606 kg of PCM, whose phase-change temperature is 509 °C, is selected for the steel sector providing a PCM-TES system capable to store 420 MJ. Image 1 • A phase-change material system is proposed working at high temperature for waste heat recovery. • Thermal characterisation and cycling were conducted on the candidate storage material. • Two phase change materials are identified for the application with a high latent heat capacity and thermal stability. • A multiple-criteria decision analysis defined shell and double concentric tubes storage as the most suitable configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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48. Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Volumetric Expander Suitable for Waste Heat Recovery from an Automotive Internal Combustion Engine Using an Organic Rankine Cycle with Ethanol
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Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Universitat Politècnica de València, Galindo, José, Dolz Ruiz, Vicente, Royo-Pascual, Lucía, Haller, R., Melis, J., Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Universitat Politècnica de València, Galindo, José, Dolz Ruiz, Vicente, Royo-Pascual, Lucía, Haller, R., and Melis, J.
- Abstract
Waste heat recovery (WHR) in exhaust gas flow of automotive engines has proved to be a useful path to increase the overall efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE). Recovery potentials of up to 7% are shown in several works in the literature. However, most of them are theoretical estimations. Some present results from prototypes fed by steady flows generated in an auxiliary gas tank and not with actual engine exhaust gases. This paper deals with the modeling and experimental validation of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with a swash-plate expander integrated in a 2 L turbocharged petrol engine using ethanol as working fluid. A global simulation model of the ORC was developed with a maximum difference of 5%, validated with experimental results. Considering the swash-plate as the main limiting factor, an additional specific submodel was implemented to model the physical phenomena in this element. This model allows simulating the fluid dynamic behavior of the swash-plate expander using a 0D model (Amesim). Differences up to 10.5% between tests and model results were found.
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- 2016
49. Akauzální modelování úloh z termomechaniky v Modelice
- Author
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Pokorný, Jan, Elcner, Jakub, Shestakov, Andrey, Pokorný, Jan, Elcner, Jakub, and Shestakov, Andrey
- Abstract
Cílem této bakalářské práce bylo vytvořit knihovnu v jazyce Modelica pro řešení vybraných úloh z termomechaniky. Vytvořená knihovna obsahuje modely oběhů pracujících s ideálním plynem, ale také skutečnými médii. Hlavní pozornost je v této práci věnována rozboru a modelování klasického Rankin-Clausiova cyklu pracujícího s vodou, ale také Organického Rankinova cyklu (ORC), který se používá pro zpracování odpadního tepla za účelem výroby elektrické energie. Princip obou cyklů je obdobný a liší se zejména pracovní látkou. V práci je provedena technická a ekonomická studie aplikace ORC jednotky v cementárenském provozu se záměrem ušetřeni nakladu na elektrickou energii. Právě vliv zvolené pracovní látky na parametry ORC jsou předmětem této práce. Z výsledků všech zkoumaných modelů voda, Cyklopentan, Toluen, Heptan, R123 a R245fa, bylo stanoveno, že chladivo R245fa má pro zvolené podmínky nejvyšší účinnost ze všech organických látek., The aim of this bachelor thesis was the development of a library for solving thermodynamics tasks in Modelica. The library contains models of cycles working with both the ideal gas, and the real substances. The main part of the work is the description and modeling of Steam Rankine Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle that are applied in Waste Heat Recovery (WHR). The working principle of both cycles is similar. The main difference is in the working fluid. In this work, we give a technical economical assessment of the application of ORC system in concrete industry for energy costs reduction. The change of ORC parameters with the choice of particular working fluid is the main task of the thesis. Based on the simulated model results for selected working fluids (water, Cyclopentane, Toluene, Heptane, R123 and R245fa), we concluded that the highest efficiency was achieved with R245fa refrigerant for Organic Rankine Cycle in case of selected initial conditions.
50. Akauzální modelování úloh z termomechaniky v Modelice
- Author
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Pokorný, Jan, Elcner, Jakub, Shestakov, Andrey, Pokorný, Jan, Elcner, Jakub, and Shestakov, Andrey
- Abstract
Cílem této bakalářské práce bylo vytvořit knihovnu v jazyce Modelica pro řešení vybraných úloh z termomechaniky. Vytvořená knihovna obsahuje modely oběhů pracujících s ideálním plynem, ale také skutečnými médii. Hlavní pozornost je v této práci věnována rozboru a modelování klasického Rankin-Clausiova cyklu pracujícího s vodou, ale také Organického Rankinova cyklu (ORC), který se používá pro zpracování odpadního tepla za účelem výroby elektrické energie. Princip obou cyklů je obdobný a liší se zejména pracovní látkou. V práci je provedena technická a ekonomická studie aplikace ORC jednotky v cementárenském provozu se záměrem ušetřeni nakladu na elektrickou energii. Právě vliv zvolené pracovní látky na parametry ORC jsou předmětem této práce. Z výsledků všech zkoumaných modelů voda, Cyklopentan, Toluen, Heptan, R123 a R245fa, bylo stanoveno, že chladivo R245fa má pro zvolené podmínky nejvyšší účinnost ze všech organických látek., The aim of this bachelor thesis was the development of a library for solving thermodynamics tasks in Modelica. The library contains models of cycles working with both the ideal gas, and the real substances. The main part of the work is the description and modeling of Steam Rankine Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle that are applied in Waste Heat Recovery (WHR). The working principle of both cycles is similar. The main difference is in the working fluid. In this work, we give a technical economical assessment of the application of ORC system in concrete industry for energy costs reduction. The change of ORC parameters with the choice of particular working fluid is the main task of the thesis. Based on the simulated model results for selected working fluids (water, Cyclopentane, Toluene, Heptane, R123 and R245fa), we concluded that the highest efficiency was achieved with R245fa refrigerant for Organic Rankine Cycle in case of selected initial conditions.
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