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This thesis examines whether growing up surrounded by books has an impact on cognitive skills later in life. Data from SHARE - Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used. The variable 'books when ten' is used to determine its effect on variable 'numeracy'. We used also other variables regarding the respondent's age, gender, mental health or family situation. The results of this study show that those who were surrounded by a higher number of books as children perform better at a specific task designed to test cognitive ability when presented with it at an age of over 50 years. The results were obtained using logit model. The finding that access to books can slow down cognitive decline later in life can be used to argue for greater focus on reading and availability of books in schools as well as greater access to books through public libraries, or act as a hint for parents aiming to give their children the greatest possible introduction to life. Keywords books, education, congnitive skills, SHARE Title Does growing up surrounded by books improve our cognitive skills as seniors? Author's e-mail julie.kovacsova@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail jana.votapkova@fsv.cuni.cz

This thesis focuses on the prediction of academic success and item analysis of chemistry knowledge tests used in the admission procedure at the Faculty of Science, Charles University between 2016 and 2019. The first part of the thesis focuses on the possibilities of academic success prediction (earning a bachelor's degree within 4 years) based on various factors: (i) success rate in the admission procedure, (ii) study index (modified average of marks), (iii) success rate in each part of admission procedure, (iv) passing exams in selected mandatory subjects for students of Chemistry study programme, eventually (v) based on obtained marks in selected subjects (as in (iv)). Furthermore, a prediction of entering Year 2 was also completed for three of these factors (i, iii and iv). The sample consists of 1,780 applicants for Chemistry study programmes. The results of the analysis proved a medium effect on success in the admission procedure on entering Year 2 (d = 0.52) and a large effect on academic success (d = 0.67). By additional comparison of predictive ability of knowledge tests (Maths, Biology, Chemistry) we proved that the Chemistry test has a greater prediction ability compared to the others - low effect on entering Year (d = 0.22), but medium on academic success (d = 0.40). Additionally, we...

The bachalor thesis focuses on the effects of formal nutrition education on the theoretical knowledge of learners and its subsequent application in their daily meal choices. It aims at students of a selected grammar school and a selected vocational school. The goal was to find out whether or not vocational school learners have better knowledge than grammar school learners and if their knowledge transfers into practice. The research sample of a questionnaire survey consisted of 199 students. According to its outcome, the knowledge of the topic proven by vocational school learners does not significantly differ from the knowledge of their grammar school counterparts. Despite the lack of formal nutrition education at the grammar school, it is the learners of the grammar school who have the better knowledge. KEYWORDS diet, grammar school, specialized secondary school, dietary habits, nutrition, education

Author: Bc. Tereza Smetánková Supervisor: Doc. PaedDr. Dagmar Pavlů, CSc. Title: Preferences and knowledge of physiotherapists in the field of idiopathic scoliosis in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the preferences and knowledge of physiotherapists in the field of treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in the Czech Republic in relation to their education, the length of their experience with patients with idiopathic scoliosis and postgraduate courses. Methods: The questionnaire was created by experts in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis from different European countries. A total of 221 respondents (from the Czech Republic) participated in the survey. The evaluation was then carried out using Microsoft Excel. Results: The percentage of correct answers of the group of respondents with higher education exceeded the percentage of correct answers of therapists with lower education in each of our selected questions. It was also shown that having more years of experience in physiotherapy does not mean having better knowledge and being more confident in the tasks related to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. More general knowledge related to brace treatment proved to be quite satisfactory for the respondents, whereas more detailed...

Background: There is evidence that the beliefs and attitudes of physiotherapists are associated with their choice of patient management. The fundamentals of these beliefs are thought to have been realized during their university studies. Until now, however, no official study has researched how university education influences the beliefs of physiotherapists and how this is associated with their development in the Czech Republic Objectives: To describe the development of the physiotherapy students' beliefs and attitudes towards low back pain and their understanding of pain knowledge in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, to investigate whether or not there is any correlation between these topics. Participants: First-year physiotherapy students, Third-year physiotherapy students, Fifth (the second magister year) year physiotherapy students, and non-healthcare students within the age range of 22 to 26 (control group) Methods: 1) completion of translated and cross-cultural adapted The Back-Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ), 2) completion of translated and cross-cultural adapted The Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) Results: 251 respondents were included. The mean Back-PAQ score was within the controlled group 107 (SD 8.47) and there was a significant decrease in score in the fifth- year...

The bachelor's thesis "The Third Role of the University - from Elite to Mass Education" deals with the concept of massification in tertiary education and its influence on the field of sociology at the Faculty of Social Sciences in Prague and the Faculty of Philosophy in Prague. The aim of a bachelor's thesis is to understand and then compare how these two groups of students reflect the changes associated with massification and how these changes affect their motivation and attitude to study. The starting concept of bachelor's thesis is the already mentioned concept of massification, which makes it possible to partially analyse changes in universities associated with expansion and increase in student numbers that affect not only students' attitudes to education, but also their very motivation to study. In the theoretical part of my bachelor's thesis, I am engaged in a general explanation of the concept of massification and its effect on the field of sociology taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences in Prague and the Faculty of Philosophical Studies in Prague. In the empirical section, I describe the research design of the work and the subsequent analysis of the data obtained. By analysing semi-structured interviews with students of two Prague faculties, I answer whether the changes associated with...

The bachelor's thesis deals with the methods of education, motivation of the child for education or its absence, as well as factors influencing the student's success in school. The aim of this thesis is a general finding of how the motivation for education functions today and whether there is an intergenerational transmission of attitudes towards school and learning. We will study the aforesaid on the basis of interviews between family generations and using questionnaires completed by pupils from the eighth and ninth grade of elementary school. Due to this thesis, at least in a general and wide range, we will find out what are the current ideas in education of the young generation and whether the intergenerational transmission occurs. KEYWORDS Family, education, ideas, motivation, support, transmission, enviroment

The development and status of women in Turkey is to a certain extent influenced by both the culture and traditions of the country and Islam itself, as the main religion. The document is divided into a theoretical and an analytical part. The theoretical part initially deals with Turkish legislation concerning women’s rights, then examines the withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention in more detail. It also describes the steps and the very positions of the current AKP government on the issue of the status of Turkish women. Additionally, it focuses on the aspect of religion, family structure or women’s organizations in the country trying to promote women’s issues. A separate chapter is devoted to education and how gender inequality is rooted in it. The analytical part is devoted to the results of the qualitative research that was carried out for the purpose of this work. A total of 13 interviews were conducted with women of Turkish nationality, during which they were asked about their personal experiences in the field of gender inequality and their opinion on the issue. The results themselves show diversity of opinions and attitudes, as some informants were convinced of the absence of gender discrimination in the country, while others, on the contrary, described Turkish society as patriarchally dominated, where women are no longer equal to men.

The purpose of the diploma thesis is to interpret the philosophical concepts of the education, dialogue and totality against the backdrop of the potential contemporary educational crisis. The thesis demonstrates the contributions of philosophy in characterisation of education. The topics were inspired by the question whether the formal education can develop the authentic thinking of an individual. The author aims to expose the original and justifiable assumptions of education and demonstrate the potential consequences of education perceived solely as a matter of formation and integration into pre-set social structures and mechanisms. The thesis exposes the very essence of education as the fundamental capability of entering dialogue and points out its need for a free yet responsible self-determination of a post-modern individual whose inherent ability to surpass own assumptions prevents the society from the rise of the totalitarian thinking. Key words Education, pedagogy, crisis, philosophy, ethics, dialogue, totality, world, science, technology, authenticity, transcendence, object, freedom, spontaneity, will, thinking

V dnešní době si technologie rychle nachází své místo v mnoha oblastech každodenního života, přičemž rozhodujícím způsobem ovlivňuje mnoho lidských činností. Kromě toho má nadále významný dopad v oblasti vzdělávání, zejména ve středním školství. Dnes je většina škol v Řecku vybavena počítačovými laboratořemi, aby mohli řádně školit studenty. Účelem tohoto výzkumu je poukázat na důležitost přítomnosti počítače v procesu učení, který se odehrává v laboratoři či nikoli. Konkrétněji tato studie objasňuje roli učitele, poukazuje na metody, které mají učitelé používat k usnadnění spolupráce se studenty, a poukazuje na vliv počítačů na výuku. Nowadays, technology is rapidly finding its place many areas of daily life while decisively influencing many human activities. In addition, it continues to have a significant impact in the field of education, especially in secondary education. Today, most schools in Greece are equipped with computer labs to properly train students. The purpose of this research is to highlight the importance of computer presence in the learning process taking place ether in the laboratory, or not. More specifically, this study clarifies the role of the teacher, points out methods to be used by teachers to facilitate collaboration with students, and signifies the impact of computers in the learning experience.

Grant SVK1-2022-007 Nowadays, technology is rapidly penetrating many areas of daily life while decisively influencing many human activities. In addition, it continues to have a significant impact in the field of education, especially in secondary education. Today, most schools in Greece are equipped with computer labs to properly train students. The purpose of this research is to approach the learning process using computers in the laboratory and not only in courses. More specifically, this study clarifies the role of the teacher, points out the methods used by teachers to facilitate collaboration with students, and clarifies the impact of computers on the learning process

World war I and its interpretation on the pages of history textbooks of the Czechoslovak and Czech communist regime before and the regime after 1989 provides a unique insight into the changing ways in which school system views history. A comparative analysis of these easily accessible materials enables us to notice and describe these differences. The research also involves a description of development of textbooks as a type of media, its physical and didactic attributes.

Nowadays, technology is rapidly finding its place many areas of daily life while decisively influencing many human activities. In addition, it continues to have a significant impact in the field of education, especially in secondary education. Today, most schools in Greece are equipped with computer labs to properly train students. The purpose of this research is to highlight the importance of computer presence in the learning process taking place ether in the laboratory, or not. More specifically, this study clarifies the role of the teacher, points out methods to be used by teachers to facilitate collaboration with students, and signifies the impact of computers in the learning experience.

Ekonomické důsledky pandemie COVID-19 jsou, a samozřejmě v budoucnu budou, vážné. Tyto důsledky se velmi často projevují i na trhu práce a ve vzdělávání. Některé z nich nemusí být chápány pouze jako problémy, lze je chápat jako nové příležitosti: zlepšení pracovních podmínek, modernizace služeb zaměstnanosti, posílení systémů zaměstnávání a sociální ochrany, pracovní doba vyhovující rodinnému životu, podpora příležitostí k celoživotnímu vzdělávání, posílení digitálních dovedností, atd. Příspěvek se zaměřuje na různé přístupy a reakce na změny ve společnosti způsobené pandemií COVID-19. V současnosti jsou dostupné různé vědecké zdroje analyzující hrozby vyvolané pandemií a jejich dopady na různé oblasti lidské činnosti, včetně zaměstnávání a vzdělávání. Každá krize se však dá do určité míry pojmout také jako příležitost. Tento příspěvek se proto zabývá především příležitostmi, které současná krize přináší zejména v oblasti zaměstnanosti a vzdělávání. Práce je založena na vyhodnocení analýz (literární rešerše) zpracovávaných mezinárodními institucemi, jako je Mezinárodní úřad práce (ILO), a dalších výzkumných studií publikovaných Evropskou unií nebo OECD. The economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are, and of course in the future will be, serious. These consequences are very often foundable also in labour market and education. Some of them are not only problems, but also new opportunities: improving of working conditions, modernising employment services and making them more flexible, strengthening employment and social protection systems, family-friendly working time, promoting lifelong learning opportunities, strengthening digital skills, etc. The paper focuses on different approaches and responses to changes in society caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are currently various scientific sources analyzing the threats initiated by the pandemic and their effects on various areas of human activity, including employment and education. However, every crisis can be taken also as an opportunity. This paper therefore primarily deals with the opportunities that the current crisis brings, especially in the field of employment and education. The paper is based on assessment of analyses (literary research) provided by international institutions such as the International Labour Office (ILO), and documents and other research studies prepared and published by the European Union or OECD.

This Bachelor thesis is focused on the breastfeeding and its issues. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to widen the educaion of the public and the valid information about breastfeeding. This part consists of the anatomy of breast and physiology of lactation, emphasizes the value of breastfeeding for mother, baby and the whole society and also the Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030 is mentioned. It also recommends the ideal nourishment of breastfeeding women, describes the rules and correct techniques of breastfeeding, specifies the ideal growth and progress of the baby. It decribes the main complications during breastfeeding and offers their solution. It offers also the alternatives of nourishment and rules for its uses. It shows the support of breastfeeding and sums up the results of foreign studies about socioeconomical status and its influence on the length of breastfeeding. The practical part follows the theoretical part and research the influence of socioeconomical status on ways and length of breastfeeding. The set hypothesis presumed that there will be no difference in the form of breastfeeding depending on the education of women in the period of 14th day, 1st month, 3rd month and 5th month of baby's life. With those set aims and...

This bachelor thesis focuses on the provision of nursing care to foreigners from the perspective of nursing student. During their internship, nursing students are part of the department's day-to-day operations. It is therefore necessary to provide them with a sufficient amount of information in transcultural nursing. The aim of this thesis is to map students' experiences in providing nursing care to foreigners and thus learn information that could help other students to provide quality transcultural nursing care. The bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with migration, multiculturalism and transcultural nursing. It also focuses on education in the field of multicultural education. The characteristics and specifics of nursing care for selected minorities and religions are also indispensable parts of chapters. A qualitative method of data collection has been chosen for the empirical part of the bachelor thesis. Data collection has been performed using semi-structured interviews, taken from 12 nursing students. The results of the interviews have been processed into 4 categories, which relate to students' communication with foreigners, current studies in multicultural nursing, knowledge and experience of students in transcultural nursing. The research shows that all students met with nursing care for a patient of a different minority. The biggest problem for the students was the language barrier, as well as the tedious nursing care of this patient or non-cooperation on the part of the patient. According to the answers, it most often occurred in patients of the Romani people. For the students, the Romani represented not only the non-cooperating patient, but also the patient who had the most specifics during nursing care. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used by nursing students in education in this area.

The thesis entitled "The Ideal Teacher from the Perspective of Secondary School Students" is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter focuses on the personality of the teacher. It describes some typologies of teacher's personality, different stages of the teaching profession, selected factors that influence teacher's personality. The second chapter focuses on interaction and communication in teaching. Within this chapter, the author also discusses teacher authority and classroom climate. The other chapters of the thesis focus on the role of the teacher, the workload associated with the profession, and the topic of professional competence and teacher professionalism. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis departs from the teacher to the pupils. In the case of the surveyed respondents, these are pupils in the period of adolescence. In the second, empirical part, the thesis summarises the findings of qualitative research conducted among secondary school pupils in the form of semi-structured interviews. The aim of this research work is to find out how students view the idea of an ideal teacher. What they value most in teachers, what is important to them in teachers and, on the contrary, what...

This diploma thesis deals with sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and potential cancer risks that it causes. HPV is a factor of cervical cancer, one of the most common cancer cause of death in women, cervical cancer. Despite the fact that the majority of both female and male population become infected with HPV during their sexually active lives, especially before the age of 30, women are predominantly more susceptible to this infection. When young, the immune system can clear HPV within 2 years unnoticed but in the case of high-risk HPV, an innocent infection can be fatal. In recent years, the male population in particular has been increasingly affected by malignant neoplasms of the head and neck, such as oropharynx, which are caused by HPV. In recent years, HPV has ceased to be associated only with female genital cancer. However, this infection also causes penile and anal cancer in men so there is a need to better educate the population about the risks of HPV, especially the younger generation whose sexual behaviour is changing and therefore the virus in no longer only affecting genital tissue. The thesis deals with the description and epidemiology of these types of tumours and also with the social determinants that influence HPV infection. Knowledge of the risks of HPV is a...

This bachelor's thesis focuses on the activities which were carried out by the activist Czech women's movement in the fight for better status of female lawyers in the First republic. The aim of this thesis is to find an answer to the research question "How did the Czech women's movement get involved in the question of the position of female lawyers during the First Republic?" Women were allowed to study at law school within the new republic. After finishing their studies, women wanted to work in the legal professions, which was very difficult despite the fact that women had the equal rights as men thanks to the constitution. Female lawyers were unjustifiably rejected and discriminated against. The Women's National Council, headed by Františka Plamínková and the Association of University-educated Women, tried to solve this situation. Legal department, whose mission was to ensure equal conditions for female lawyers, was established in 1925 within the association . The main goal was to mediate employment of female lawyers in the judicial service and in the conceptual state service. The activists tried for example through deputations, interventions, but also by publishing texts on the issue of the status of lawyers, to improve their chances of employment and also the conditions of employment. The...

The subject of my bachelor's thesis is motivation in teaching children and educators from socially excluded localities. The aim of this work is to identify the main motivating factors acting in the primary education system, with an emphasis on pedagogical work with children from socially excluded localities. The work is composed of two parts, a theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part, using professional sources, I have defined the motivation and the concepts associated with it, which also include sources of motivation, demotivation, theory of motivation, and the motivation of the pupil in the pedagogical process is further specified here. In the following theoretical part, I define education in the Czech Republic. And the last part is focused on social exclusion. In the empirical part, qualitative research into motivation in teaching children and educators is processed. Finally, based on research, I have developed appropriate recommendations on how to increase or maintain the motivation of existing pupils and educators