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Cette contribution porte sur la légitimation de vidéos de vulgarisation scientifique hébergées par la plateforme YouTube (VYVS) comme ressources éducatives pour les sciences de la vie et de la Terre (SVT). Alors que les VYVS sont associées à une culture médiatique, plus particulièrement celle des YouTubeurs, cette étude permet d’interroger la scolarisation de contenus réalisés dans un contexte extrascolaire d’acculturation aux sciences et aux techniques à l’aune des visées enseignantes. Une enquête exploratoire par questionnaire auprès de plus de 300 enseignants a permis de tester plusieurs hypothèses sur les critères de légitimation éducative de ces médias via trois dimensions évaluatives des environnements informatisés pour l’apprentissage humain : l’utilité, l’utilisabilité et l’acceptabilité. This contribution focuses on the legitimization of popular science videos hosted by the YouTube platform (VYVS) as educational resources for life and earth sciences. While VYVS are associated with a media culture, more particularly with that of YouTubers, this study allows us to question the schooling of content produced in an extracurricular context of acculturation to science and technology in the light of teaching objectives. An exploratory questionnaire survey of more than 300 teachers made it possible to test several hypotheses on the criteria for the educational legitimization of these media via three evaluative dimensions of computerized environments for human learning: usefulness, usability and acceptability.

The paper deals with discourse development tendencies determined by social, economic, cultural and historic characteristics of our present existence, on the one hand, and modern technologies of distant communication, on the other hand. The material analyzed comprises texts taken from network and media discourse as presented in the Internet and Russian contemporary oral and written speech card-catalogue compiled by the authors. The model of our study includes four components of a communicative situation: subjects, texts, chronotops and organizational characteristics. We argue that modern discourse is characterized by the following properties of its participants: expansion of self-presentation, juvenile manner of communication, critical attitude to information, communicative over-saturation. Semiotic properties of modern discourse characterize the texts used in various types of communicative interaction, they include significant growth of multimodal content in all the types of written communication (it corresponds to predominant usage of visual information transmitted by electronic media), vulgarization of speech, and oral and written texts diffusion in distant communication. Chronotopic properties of oral discourse consist in the communicative compression of messages we exchange, in acceleration of our life and shrinkage of communicative turns, and in new demands to everyday habitual existence which makes it a vital necessity to have the access to the Internet in every home. Organizational properties of modern communicative practice may be defined as emerging of inter-discursive hybrid types of communication concerning media and network discourse, diffusion and merging of personal and institutional and private and public communication, and formation of new rituals which are mostly realized in gestures or clips.

Dans A Romance of Two Worlds, The Soul of Lilith et The Young Diana de Marie Corelli, le fluide de Mesmer devient une eau de jouvence produite en captant l’électricité ambiante. Le pouvoir des savants capables de dispenser cette panacée est surtout de mettre leurs sujets dans un état de transe où il est possible d’accéder à une connaissance qui expliciterait le mystère de l’inspiration poétique. La vulgarisation scientifique dans le roman populaire permet de perpétuer les motifs idéalistes en les justifiant par l’électricité., Marie Corelli, an iconic British novelist of the 1880s-1910s, enjoyed a wide readership. Three of her novels, A Romance of Two Worlds, The Soul of Lilith and The Young Diana, deal with the themes of magnetism. Mesmer’s fluid is transposed into an injectable solution, a water of youth produced by capturing ambient electricity. The power of the scientists able to dispense this panacea is above all to put their subjects into a state of trance where it is possible to access a knowledge that would explain the mystery of poetic inspiration.

Pourquoi, dans un XXIe siècle marqué par les nouvelles technologies, conseiller aux enfants d’écrire des haïkus ? Comment vulgariser à leur égard cette forme d’origine japonaise ? Quels critères retenir, quelles règles adopter ? Cet article part d’un constat : le haïku est aujourd’hui une forme largement répandue à l’échelle mondiale – y compris dans la littérature jeunesse. Il séduit par son apparente simplicité : 5-7-5 syllabes, un « mot de saison » (kigo) et une coupe (kireji), il n’en faut pas plus. Sa vulgarisation actuelle, loin d’être le résultat d’une mode contemporaine, trouve en partie son origine dans les écrits des premiers précurseurs de la forme en France : Paul-Louis Couchoud, René Maublanc ou encore Jean Paulhan, fascinés par le haïku au début du XXe siècle. Cette étude propose de mettre en regard deux corpus éloignés (les ouvrages jeunesse et les écrits des précurseurs français), afin de questionner autrement un poème devenu synonyme de brièveté. In the current era of technology, why should children write haiku? How can this little Japanese poem be explained to them? The starting point of this paper is quite simple: nowadays, haiku is a widespread genre around the world – including in children’s literature. It is appreciated for its apparent simplicity: a 5-7-5 syllable pattern, a “season word” (kigo) and a cutting word (kireji), that’s all. Far from being a mere hype phenomenon, its present-day popularity has its origins in the first French haiku writers, Paul-Louis Couchoud, René Maublanc and Jean Paulhan, who were fascinated by this form of Japanese poetry in the early 20th century. This study examines two different corpora (children’s literature and French pioneer vulgarisation), in order to examine one of brevity’s emblematic manifestations.

Le présent article vise à aborder des réflexions relatives à la rédaction de la définition lexicographique bilingue de vulgarisation, qui s'insère dans le cadre duprojet du "Dicionário Português Europeu - Árabe Padrão", dont l'élaboration est en cours. L'intégration dans la nomenclature du dictionnaire d'un certain nombre de termes liés aux domaines de spécialité, notamment le domaine des Énergies Renouvelables, présuppose l'adoption d'une méthodologie qui permet de les incorporer dans ce dictionnaire et de leur attribuer des équivalents adéquats et compatibles avec chaque culture. Le recours aux corpus bilingues et comparables permet à la fois le recueil des termes et l'exploitation de leurs respectives reformulations pour la confection d'une définition qui s'ajuste à la typologie de ce dictionnaire (général et bilingue) et au public visé (le grand public) : la définition lexicographique bilingue de vulgarisation. In this article, we discuss the lexicographic definition we are designing for the bilingual dictionary "Dicionário Português Europeu - Árabe Padrão", which work is in progress. Our specific purpose is the lexicographic definition of the vulgarized terms included in the nomenclature; those terms are related to Renewable Energies (RE). The inclusion in the dictionary nomenclature of a certain number of (scientific and technical) terms related to the field of RE, presupposes a methodology which allows us to incorporate and to assign them as adequate and compatible equivalents to each culture. The use of bilingual and comparable corpora are useful for the selection of contexts, the term collection and the reformulations of an adequate definition which is in accordance with the typology of our dictionary (general and bilingual) and the target audience (the general public): the bilingual lexicographical definition of vulgarization. El presente artículo aborda una serie de reflexiones relativas a la redacción de la definición lexicográfica bilingüe de vulgarización, en el marco del proyecto"Dicionário Português Europeu - Árabe Padrão", que se encuentra en curso de elaboración. La integración, en la nomenclatura del diccionario, de cierto número de términos vinculados a los ámbitos de especialidad, en particular al ámbito de las Energías Renovables, presupone la adopción de una metodología que permita incorporar dichos términos al diccionario y asignarles equivalentes adecuados y compatibles con cada cultura. El hecho de recurrir a corpus bilingües y comparables permite, a un tiempo, la recopilación de términos y la explotación de sus respectivas reformulaciones para la confección de una definición que se ajuste a la tipología del diccionario (general y bilingüe) y al público considerado (el público no especialista): la definición lexicográfica bilingüe de vulgarización.

The Prophecies de Merlin, peculiar example in the late thirteenth century literature, are a prose novel which combine large Merlin's prophecies and some Arthurian episodes. The rich manuscript tradition conveys two versions, a long version and a short one, which whose updated profile I give. In the essay MS. Citta del Vaticano, BAV, Reg. Lat. 1687 is described and the relationships between three witnesses of the short version is defined. Furthermore, I propose the derivation of the Storia di Merlino, the Paolino Pieri's translation, from a short version model of the Prophecies de Merlin.

Intento di questo contributo è quello di studiare l’ars dictaminis in rapporto alla diffusione del fenomeno della traduzione nella Toscana medievale (secc. XIII-XV). In particolare, l’articolo mette in discussione la vulgata storiografica che individua un “eccezionalismo” della regione in ragione dell’estensione del fenomeno dei volgarizzamenti nonché nella capacità di sottrarsi ai dettami della tradizione tipicamente mediolatina del dictamen producendo una retorica di impianto oratorio incentrata sull’uso del volgare. Dopo una breve panoramica degli studi sul dictamen degli ultimi anni, viene studiato il rapporto tradictamen e volgare in due contesti, che sono stati scelti per la loro vicinanza e differenza: Bologna e Firenze. Di quest’ultima si è tentato di fornire le linee-guida dell’influsso del dictamen in particolare in un autore (Brunetto Latini) che è solitamente considerato particolarmente eversivo nell’uso e nella concezione della retorica; si è quindi passati a verificare la permanenza del modello retorico-dictaminale imposto da Brunetto, grazie all’apporto di fonti estranee all’ars (in particolare Albertano da Brescia), nel XIV secolo, misurandone la consistenza in una linea che da Andrea Lancia porta al notaio episcopale Francesco da Barberino. Ne risultano, quindi, due modelli differenti – uno bolognese, uno fiorentino – che emergono come tali anche nelle scelte librarie della tradizione manoscritta, che viene analizzata nell’ultimo paragrafo. The purpose of this contribution is to study the ars dictaminis in relation to the diffusion of the phenomenon of translation in medieval Tuscany (XIII-XV centuries). In particular, the article calls into question the vulgate which identifies an “exceptionalism” of the region due to the extension of the phenomenon of vulgarization as well as the ability to escape the dictates of the latin tradition of dictamen producing an oratory focused on use of the vernacular. After a brief overview of the recent literature on the dictamen, the relationship between this latter and the affirmation of the vernacular is studied in two contexts, Bologna and Florence. Such a comparaison has provided the guidelines for studying the influence of the dictamen, particularly in an author (Brunetto Latini) who is usually considered to be particularly subversive in the use and conception of rhetoric; we then proceeded to verify the permanence of the rhetorical model imposed by Brunetto, thanks to the contribution of other sources (in particular Albertano from Brescia), in the fourteenth century, measuring its consistency in a line that led by Andrea Lancia to the episcopal notary Francesco da Barberino. The result is two different models - one from Bologna, one from Florence - which emerge as such also in the manuscript tradition, that is analyzed in the last paragraph., Carte romanze, V. 6, N. 1 (2018)

This paper investigates the impact of Facebook on cultural audience, putting the emphasis on the transmission of cultural capital in elitist circles. Our purpose is to provide important evidence concerning the digital opportunities and challenges for the use of social networks in cultural management. Based on an exploratory study, we look closely at the attitudes and reactions of cultural audience to the use of Facebook by theaters. We focus hereby on the democratization (acceptance) or the vulgarization (rejection) effects of the use of Facebook. We conclude that demographics and psychographics such as the generational effect and the personalities of the influence “the acceptance”, while environmental factors such as peer and media influence “the rejection” of the use of Facebook. The present findings help cultural institutions to have a better understanding of the profile of the actual theater audience, their needs, desires and fears., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

National audience; The medical consultation embodies in a remarkable way the situation of a complex verbal interaction. Firstly, it is about an intersubjective discursive practice with its own codes, where a specific discursive formation and the ordinary language coexist, and where the meaning is negociated to the discretion of speaking slots, highly ponctuated by phatics. Secondly, it also is a specific social practice which enforces preset roles, implied social conventions between identified characters, anticipations, stereotypies, and so on. Lastly, it embodies a practice of knowledge transmission as privileged outreach moment of scientifical knowledge by the expert speech itself, with many reformulations, methaphorisings, and other metalinguistic markers that we could notice and identify.The research we aim to present finds its theoretical anchor in Science of Language, more specifically in semiotics and in speech analysis. By using the methodology of interactions analysis, one had to collect, transcribe, and analyse a corpus of authentic speeches, to understand the linguistic mechanisms executed in the transmission of knowledge during the doctor/patient interaction. The doctor/patient communication is at the core of important therapeutic and social stakes, hence, its comprehension and optimisation constitute a real social demand and can thus engage a large audience.; La consultation médicale incarne de manière exemplaire une situation d'interaction verbale complexe. Il s'agit, d'une part, d'une pratique discursive intersubjective possédant ses propres codes, où coexistent une formation discursive spécifique et la langue ordinaire, et où le sens est négocié au gré des tours de parole, largement ponctués de phatiques. D'autre part, c'est aussi une pratique sociale précise qui impose des rôles prédéfinis, des conventions sociales implicites entre les protagonistes identifiés, des anticipations, des stéréotypies, etc. Enfin, elle incarne une pratique de transmission de savoirs en tant que moment privilégié de vulgarisation des savoirs scientifiques par la parole experte elle-même, contenant son lot de reformulations, métaphorisations, et autres marqueurs métalinguistiques que nous avons pu relever et identifier. La recherche que nous nous proposons de présenter trouve son ancrage théorique en Sciences du langage, plus spécifiquement en sémiotique et en analyse de discours. En utilisant la méthodologie de l'analyse des interactions, il a fallu récolter, retranscrire et analyser un corpus de discours authentiques, pour comprendre les mécanismes linguistiques mis en oeuvre dans la transmission de savoirs lors de cette interaction médecin/patients. La communication médecin/patient, se trouve au coeur d'enjeux thérapeutiques et sociaux importants, de ce fait, sa compréhension et son optimisation font l'objet d'une réelle demande sociale et peut en cela intéresser un large public.

Au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle, l’économie politique devient la science justificatrice du nouveau monde industriel et de son cortège d’innovations techniques. Face aux oppositions qui s’expriment dans la société, la science économique en voie d’institutionnalisation est chargée de dire les avantages de l’emploi des machines pour la main-d’œuvre comme pour les consommateurs. La volonté de lutter contre « les préjugés ouvriers » à l’égard des machines s’affirme comme un topos du discours économique, il justifie le développement d’une vulgarisation de la science des machines auprès des masses. Si ce mouvement s’amorce précocement en Grande-Bretagne, il est largement international. Des préoccupations similaires se font jour en France, les expériences et les textes circulent entre les deux pays. En France, les phases d’agitations révolutionnaires sont l’occasion d’accélérer les transferts et d’importer les livres et les expériences britanniques. During the first half of the XIXth century, political economy became the justificatory science of new industrial world and technical change. In front of oppositions rising from society, economics had to explain the advantages of the use of machines for workers and consumers. The will to fight “labour prejudices” against machines became a topos of economic speech ; it enhanced the popularization of the science of machines with the masses. If this movement begun earlier in Great Britain, it was also an international movement. Similar concerns were developing in France, experiments and texts circulated between both countries. In France, periods of revolutionary excitements were occasion to accelerate transfers and to import the books and British experiences.

Um aspecto diferencial da poética de Catulo, que será seguido por outros poetas, é a utilização de seu próprio nome em sua poesia, apresentando-o um ego “plurívoco” como foi mostrado por Greene (1995), isto é, esse ego pode emergir da poesia na primeira pessoa do singular ou plural, na segunda pessoa do singular ou na terceira pessoa do singular. Esta suposta “inconsistência” gramatical não indica um uitium elocutionis contra a puritas ou a latinitas do discurso poético, ao contrário, deve ser lida como uma uirtus poética que é operada na estrutura argumentativa da coleção, ainda que possamos identificar nesse corpus um único livro, ou três. Este artigo tem o objetivo de aferir como podemos ler este fato linguístico em função de uma estrutura argumentativa que visa a sustentar o desenho da persona poética Lésbia na narrativa da coleção de Catulo. A distinguishing feature of Catullus’ poetics, which was followed by other poets, is the use of his own name to present a “multivoiced ego” in his poetry, as it has been shown by Greene (1995), i.e., this ego can emerge from poetry in the first person singular or plural, in the second person singular or in the third person singular. This supposed grammatical “inconsistency” does not indicate a uitium elocutionis against the puritas or latinitas of the poetic speech, but it must be seen as a poetic uirtus which operates in the argumentative structure of his collection, no matter if we identify either one or three books of poetry in this corpus. This article aims to show how we can read this linguistic fact considering an argumentative structure whose purpose is to support the delineation of Lesbia’s poetic persona within the narrative of Catullus’ collection.

Cette contribution se propose d’analyser les discours de la presse allemande relatant la crise de 2008 lors de ses premiers signes visibles pour la société. Le cadre d’émergence du discours, la nature et les outils de celui-ci y sont analysés afin de dresser un portrait le plus complet possible du traitement des termes étrangers au lecteur profane (« mots de la crise »). C’est ainsi que cet article s’intéresse en particulier aux reformulations intratextuelles, aux chaînes anaphoriques et aux métaphores, posant par là-même la question de la vulgarisation et de la transmission de l’information dans la presse. This paper aims to analyse the discourse of the German press in relation to the financial crisis of 2008 when its effects on society first began to appear. The context in which this discourse emerged, as well as its nature and linguistic construction, are studied in order to provide an accurate picture of how terms which would be unfamiliar for non-specialist readers were treated (i.e. the ‘vocabulary of crisis’). The paper is concerned with intratextual reformulations, anaphoric linkages and metaphor, thus raising the issue of the vulgarization and transmission of current affairs in the press.

In this article, the author gathers the important hagiographic tradition about ther 4th century martyrs Vicente, Sabina and Cristeta. The study focuses on the relation between a martyrological discourse, practically unkwnown during the Middle Ages, and the records and texts about other saints and martyrs that were more influential in their cultural and literary aspects. The role of the visigotic monarchy was really important in order to establish a group of texts deeply linked to a religious, social and cultural circumstances that, specially in the 12th and 13th century, with the birth of the romanesque art and culture, will be the real expression of the ecclesiastic orthodoxy. This hagiocracy had been settled before the islamic arrival into the Iberian peninsula.En este artículo el autor recoge toda la tradición hagiográfica sobre los mártires del siglo IV Vicente, Sabina y Cristeta, tratando de estudiar la interrelación entre un discurso martirial escasamente difundido en la alta Edad Media con algunas actas y pasiones de otras figuras más consolidadas tanto en el plano cultual como en el literario. El papel de la monarquía visigoda será clave a la hora de formalizar unos textos plenamente fundamentados en unos avatares religiosos, culturales y sociales que, a medio plazo, sobre todo en los siglos XI y XII, con la eclosión de las formas culturales y artísticas románicas, expresarán la ortodoxia eclesiástica a partir de una hagiocracia inaugurada antes de la arribada islámica a la península Ibérica.

Reclus' geography is represented today as a revolutionnary geopolitic. Such an interpretation seems incomplete, and fill with prejudices. Taken in its totality, i.e. without neglecting his literary works. Reclus' geography comes out as landscape poetry ; a very complex landscape poetry indeed, which includes scientific and didactic preoccupations, and numerous themes cherished by romantics., De nos jours, la géographie de Reclus est présentée comme une géopolitique révolutionnaire. Pareille lecture apparaît incomplète, pleine de préjugés. Comprise dans sa totalité, c'est-à-dire sans négliger les écrits dits littéraires, la géographie de Reclus se dévoile comme une poétique du paysage ; poétique complexe qui inclut de très nombreux thèmes issus du romantisme, et qui se marie à des visées didactiques et scientifiques., Lafaille Richard. En lisant Reclus. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 98, n°548, 1989. pp. 445-459.

Il contributo riguarda la retorica dei testi divulgativi su questioni di lingua pubblicati nella stampa italiana nell’arco di un periodo in cui si sono avverate modificazioni sostanziali a livello della norma standard e dell’uso linguistico nelle sfere discorsive alte e pubbliche. Il campione dei testi selezionati come base empirica proviene da cronache linguistiche e cioè da rubriche dedicate dai quotidiani a commenti critici, informativi o anche istruttivi sull’uso «corretto o adeguato» della lingua italiana, e firmate da specialisti nel campo (letterati, filologi, linguisti). Si propone essenzialmente un confronto di due cronache pubblicate fra gli anni 1950 e il primo decennio del Duemila in due dei più rinomati quotidiani nazionali, La Stampa e La Repubblica.Il corpus è indagato con l’obiettivo di individuare le strategie retoriche adoperati dagli autori per esaminare i riflessi dei paradigmi scientifici che muovono la ricerca linguistica nel discorso divulgativo sulla lingua e la pertinenza di particolari tradizioni discorsivi nella scelta di tali strategie., This paper deals with the rhetoric of articles about language related topics published in Italian newspapers in a period of substantial changes in the field of the standard norm and the language use in the high and public discourse spheres. The sample of texts which serves as an empirical basis comes from language columns which provide critical, informative or instructive comments on the “correct or adequate” use of the Italian language, texts which were signed by specialists in the field of literature, philology and linguistics. We compare two language columns published in two of the most renowned national daily newspapers, La Stampa and La Repubblica, between the 1950s and the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of this comparison is to identify rhetorical strategies adopted by the authors to examine both the reflection on scientific paradigms which have been the subject of linguistic research on the popular discourse on language and the relevance of specific discourse traditions for the selection of these strategies.