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Vročanje v pravdnem postopku je pomemben pravni institut, urejen v Zakonu o pravdnem postopku (ZPP). Stranki zagotavlja pravico do izjave in sodelovanja v postopku. Magistrsko diplomsko delo analizira uporabo instituta vročanja v sodni praksi od leta 2017 dalje oz. po sprejetju novele ZPP-E do konca marca leta 2022. V prvem delu naloge so predstavljene določbe ZPP glede vročanja in novosti, ki jih je prinesla novela ZPP-E, v drugem pa analiza sodne prakse, predvsem prakse višjih sodišč in Vrhovnega sodišča ter glavnih problemov, s katerimi se sodišča srečujejo pri odločanju o pravilnosti vročitve. V Analizi sem želel ugotoviti, ali prihaja do odstopanj od sodne prakse ali pa je ta enotna glede glavnih problemov vročanja v pravdnem postopku. V sodni praksi vročanja je največkrat uporabljen institut fikcije vročitve, ki posega v strankino pravico do izjave, a je nujna za zagotovitev učinkovitega sodnega postopka. Pri fikciji sem opazil spremembo prakse pri računanju izteka 15-dnevnega roka, katerega iztek novejša praksa upošteva na zadnji, 15. dan, ne glede na to, ali je dan delovni ali nedelovni. V delu je predstavljena tudi odločba Ustavnega sodišča, ki je razveljavila določbo ZPP, ki je omogočala vročitev na formalno prijavljenem, a ne dejanskem naslovu bivanja stranke, ter obsežna novejša praksa višjih sodišč ter Vrhovnega sodišča, ki je nastala na podlagi te določbe. Obsežneje so v praksi zastopane tudi napake pri vročanju v tujino ter vročanju pravnim osebam. The service of process in civil procedures is an important procedural act, regulated by the Civil Procedure Act (in Slovene: “Zakon o pravdnem postopku,” hereinafter referred to as "the ZPP”). It enables the parties to exercise their right to be heard and participate in the proceedings. The master’s thesis analyses the case law of the Slovenian courts as regards the service of process in the period between 2017 and the end of March in 2022, when the amendment ZPP-E was adopted. In the first part of the thesis, I analyse the relevant provisions of the ZPP on the service of process and the novelties introduced by the amendment ZPP-E. In the second part, I analyse the new case law, primarily that of the higher courts and of the Slovenian Supreme court. In addition, I discuss the main problem the courts face in deciding on the regularity of using the service of process. In the analysis, I explore whether the case law regarding the service of process is settled and whether any deviations in different judgments occur. In recent case law of the service of process, the legal institute of fiction of service has been the most used. Even though it interferes with the party’s right to be heard, it is essential to ensure an efficient civil procedure. I noticed a change in the case law regarding the determination of the expiry of the 15-day fiction period. The latest case law regards the 15th day as the expiry day of the fiction period, irrespective of the fact that this day may be a working day or a work-free day. In the thesis, I also present the decision of the Constitutional Court which repealed the provision of the ZPP that made possible the service at a formally registered place of residence instead of at an actual place of residence. This decision has significantly affected the recent case law of the higher courts and of the Supreme Court. Also of note in case law are the mistakes in the act of service of process abroad and the act of service of process to legal entities.

Magistrsko delo obravnava tematiko splošnega upravnega postopka, podrobneje pa se osredotoča na enega izmed njegovih institutov, to je vročanje. Vročitev v upravnem postopku ima pomembno vlogo, saj dokler akt ni vročen, ni izdan. Ni pa pomembno le, da je akt vročen, vročen mora biti namreč na pravilen način, ki je določen z zakonom. Le na ta način je zagotovljeno varstvo pravic strank v upravnem postopku. Namen magistrskega dela je predstaviti institut vročanja v upravnem postopku, proučiti ter izpostaviti najpogostejše dileme, do katerih prihaja pri vročanju v upravnem postopku v praksi. V ta namen sem analizirala sodno prakso Ustavnega, Vrhovnega in Upravnega sodišča Republike Slovenija v obdobju 2016–2020. Rezultati analize so pokazali, da se največ dilem pri vročanju v praksi pojavlja pri vročanju po pooblaščencu ter pri določitvi fiktivne vročitve. Namen je proučiti tudi podobnosti in razlike pravne ureditve vročanja v upravnem postopku med Estonijo in Slovenijo. Pri tem sem najprej analizirala relevantno gradivo na to temo ter povzela bistvene podatke za razumevanje ureditve vročanja v Estoniji. Nato sem pridobljene podatke s pomočjo primerjalne analize primerjala z ureditvijo vročanja v Sloveniji. Rezultati opravljene primerjave ureditev so pokazali, da je med njima več podobnosti kot razlik, je pa slovenski ZUP vsekakor podrobnejši pri urejanju določb tega instituta. Rezultati raziskave lahko služijo kot posodobitev in nadgradnja obstoječih virov na tem področju. Koristijo vsem deležnikom upravnega postopka, tako oblastnim organom kot strankam v postopku, saj na eni strani upravne organe informirajo o stanju dilem, ki se pojavljajo v sodni praksi pri institutu vročanja, ti pa nato lahko stranke v postopkih bolje informirajo o tem institutu in njegovih elementih. The master's thesis deals with the topic of the general administrative procedure and focuses on one of its institutions, i.e., the service of documents. The service of documents plays an important part in the administrative procedure – a document is not issued until it has been served. Not only is it important to serve the document but it has to be served correctly, in the manner laid down by law. Only then will the rights of the parties to the administrative proceedings be guaranteed. The purpose of the master's thesis is to present the institution of the service of documents in an administrative procedure, and to examine and highlight the most common dilemmas encountered when serving documents in an administrative procedure in practice. For that purpose, I analysed the case law of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the Administrative Court of the Republic of Slovenia in the 2016–2020 period. The results of the analysis show that most dilemmas arise when serving documents by proxy and when specifying fictitious service. Another purpose of the thesis is to examine the similarities and differences in the legal regulation of the service of documents in the administrative procedure between Estonia and Slovenia. I began by analysing the relevant material on this topic and summing up the essential information needed to understand the serving regime in Estonia. Then, I compared the obtained data with the serving regime in Slovenia by means of a comparative analysis. The results of the comparison show that there are more similarities than differences between the two countries however, the Slovenian General Administrative Procedure Act (GAPA) lays down the provisions of said institution more thoroughly. The research results can be used to update and upgrade the existing sources in this field. They could benefit all the participants in the administrative procedure, i.e., both the authorities and the parties to the proceedings, as they inform the authorities about the dilemmas arising in the case law on the institution of the service of documents, which they can then use to better inform the parties to the proceedings about said institution and its elements.

Glavni namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti komuniciranje upravnih enot (UE) in pravnih podlag, ki so zastopane pri običajnem poslovanju v upravnih postopkih in ki so vplivale na komuniciranje UE v času epidemije covida-19. Prav tako sem želela analizirati težave, ki so se pojavljale zaradi prilagojenega poslovanja UE v praksi, opozoriti na merodajne dejavnike obravnavane teme za zakonitost in učinkovitost upravnega poslovanja ter predlagati konkretne rešitve za boljše delo UE v prihodnosti. Razlog za izbrano temo diplomskega dela je bila moja želja po natančni raziskavi izredne situacije, ki nam je nepoznana in o kateri še ni bilo veliko napisanega. Cilji diplomskega dela so bili doseženi na osnovi sekundarnega raziskovanja. V okviru primerjalne analize komuniciranja UE Žalec in UE Celje v času epidemije covida-19 sem v empiričnem delu s pomočjo statističnih podatkov o delu, anketnega vprašalnika, intervjuja in lastnih spoznanj preučevala hipotezi, ki sta se nanašali na prilagojeno in poenostavljeno poslovanje UE v času epidemije covida-19. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je bilo poslovanje obeh UE v času epidemije uspešno, pri vlaganju vlog, vročanju in teku rokov pa je kljub poenostavitvam pravil prihajalo do težav. Opaziti je, da pri vročanju brez varnega elektronskega predala (VEP) ni bilo večjih sistemskih napak, zato sem v tem delu potrdila postavljeno hipotezo. Menim, da bi bilo tak način elektronskega vročanja skladno z načelom sorazmernosti smiselno uporabiti tudi pri običajnem upravnem poslovanju. The main purpose of this thesis is to present the communication of administrative units (AU) and legal bases which are represented in the normal course of business in administrative proceedings and which have had an impact on AU communication during the covid-19 epidemic. I also wanted to analyze the problems that arose due to the adapted operation of the AU in practice, to draw attention to the relavant factors considered topic for legality and efficiency of administrative operations and to propose concrate solutions for the better future work AU. The resons for the chosen topic of the thesis was hidden in my wish after the detailedl research of an extraordinary, unknown situations about which not much has been written yet. The objectives of the diploma work were achived on the basis of secondary research. Within comparative analyzes of the communication betwen AU Žalec and AU Celje during the epidemic, I was in the empirical part, with help of statistic data, survey questionnare, interview and own perceptions studied the hypotheses relating to the adjusted simplified operation of the AU during the covid-19 epidemic. The results of research showed that business of both AUs was successful during the epidemic, in terms of investment applications, delivery service and deadlines, however, problems arose despite the simplification of the rules. Notice it, yes when serving without a secure electronic mailbox (VEP) there were no mayor system errors so I did hypothesis set out in this part of the certificate. I think this would be the way of electronic service in accordance with the principle of proportionality, and it should also be used in normal administrative work.

V magistrskem delu je obravnavana tematika vročanja upravnih aktov v davčnih postopkih. V davčnem postopku veljajo točno določena procesna pravila, po katerih se ravna davčni organ. Pri ravnanju davčnega organa v postopkih, ki jih vodi kot represivni organ, je zelo pomembno, da postopke vodi zakonito in enako za iste postopkovne procese pri posameznih davkih. Institut vročanja je iz vidika enake obravnave zavezancev eden od temeljnih vodil pri pripravi specialnih predpisov o vročanju davčnih aktov. V magistrskem delu sem skozi zgodovinsko metodo proučila upravičenost sprememb in različnega postopanja vročanja upravnih aktov, ki je v specialnem predpisu ZDaVP-2 drugače in posebej urejen v primerjavi z ZUP. V okviru magistrskega dela sem z normativno in primerjalno analizo primerjala postopek vročanja pri letni odmeri dohodnine z sosednjima državama (Avstrijo in Hrvaško). Glavni cilj primerjave je bil ugotoviti, ali obstajajo kakšne podobnosti oziroma, ali države sprejemajo spremembe v smeri pocenitve postopkov – torej zaradi ekonomičnosti postopkov, ali so spremembe sprejete z namenom poenostavitve postopkov tudi na strani davčnih zavezancev in ne samo za lažje delo uradnikov. Rezultat je pokazal precej podobnosti in sprememb v isti smeri poenostavitev množičnih odmer, predvsem v sosednji Hrvaški, kjer je procesni postopek zelo podoben našemu. Z empirično analizo sodne prakse o vročanju aktov v upravnih postopkih, osredotočeno na davčne postopke, so v izbranih sodbah proučeni razlogi za tožbe in revizije. Iz rezultatov lahko razberemo, da je sorazmerno malo napak in nepravilnega postopanja na strani upravnih organov, predvsem FURS, ki je prvi prešel na množično navadno vročanje upravnih aktov. Rezultati so uporabni v upravno – pravni praksi na področju dela FURS in tudi drugih upravnih organov, ki razmišljajo o spremembi in poenostavitvi postopkov vročanja. Ugotovitve so uporabne za izboljšanje postopkov med teorijo in prakso z usmeritvijo k enotnemu in transparentnemu vodenju postopkov, ki ne smejo posegati v zmanjševanje pravic strank v postopku. The master's thesis deals with the issue of administrative acts in tax proceedings. The tax procedure is governed by well-defined procedural rules that the tax authority follows. In the conduct of the tax authority in its proceedings as a repressive authority, it is very important tthat the proceedings are conducted lawfully and in the same way for the same procedural processes for each tax. The institution of service is one of the fundamental guiding principles for the drafting of special rules on the service of tax acts, from the point of view of equal treatment of taxable persons. In my master's thesis, I have used the historical method to examine the justification for the changes and the different procedure for the service of administrative acts, which is regulated differently and separately in the special regulation ZdaVP-2 compared to the ZUP. In the framework of my master's thesis, I compared the procedure of service of annual income tax assessment with neighbouring countries (Austria and Croatia) by means of anormative and comparative analysis. The main objective of the comparison was to find out whether there are any similarities or whether countries are making changes in the direction of making procedure cheaper – i.e. to make procedure more economical – or whether the changes are made to simplify procedures also on the the side of taxpayers and not only to make the work of officials easier. The result shows many similarities and changes in the same direction of simplification of mass doses, especially in neighbouring Croatia, where the procedural process is very similar to ours. An empirical analysis of the case-law on service of documents in administrative proceedings, focusing on tax proceedings, examines the grounds for actions and reviews in selected judgements. The results show that there are relatively few errors and maladministration on the part of the administrative authorities, in particular the FURS, which was the first to move to mass ordinary service of administrative acts. The results are useful in administrative-legal practice in the field of work of the FURS and other administrative authorities considering changes and simplification of service procedures. The findings are useful for improving procedures between theory and practice, aiming at a uniform and transparent management of procedures which should not prejudice the rights of the parties of the proceedings.

Namen diplomskega dela je predstavitev upravnega postopka, potek le-tega, ter preučitev zlasti vročanja v upravnih postopkih, ki so del vsakdanjega življenja in v katerih se izda letno okoli deset milijonov odločb. Ker trenutno živimo v dobi digitalne tehnologije, sem želela preveriti, ali tudi upravni organi pri svojem poslovanju in vročanju uporabljajo sodobne načine vročanja ali pa še vedno uporabljajo pretežno klasični način. Za diplomsko delo je bilo potrebno sekundarno raziskovanje, torej preučevanje različnih pridobljenih virov in literature. Teoretični del je nastal z uporabo deskriptivne metode ter dogmatske in normativne metode, s katerimi sem raziskala različne vire. Preučila sem različno domačo in tujo literaturo ter pravne vire. V empiričnem delu pa sem preučevala hipotezo, ki se je nanašala na načine vročanja dokumentov javnih organov v današnjem času, ki sem jo na podlagi primerjave načinov vročanja prek intervjujev tudi potrdila. V okviru analize z opravljenimi intervjuji sem ugotovila, da kljub sodobni digitalni tehnologiji vročanje upravnih organov v veliki meri še vedno poteka večinoma v papirni obliki. Poslovanje in komunikacija med javnimi organi pa poteka vedno bolj v elektronski obliki, kar lahko krizne razmere, kot je doba koronavirusa, povečajo. The purpose of this work is to present the administrative procedure, the course of it and to examine in particular the service in administrative procedures, which are part of everyday life and in which about ten million orders are issued annually. As we currently live in the age of digital technology, I wanted to check whether the administrative bodies also use modern methods of service in their business and service, or whether they still use predominantly the traditional method. The diploma work required secondary research, ie the study of various acquired sources and literature. The theoretical part was created using the descriptive method, the dogmatic and normative method, with which I researched various sources. I studied various domestic and foreign literature, as well as legal sources. In the empirical part, I studied the hypothesis that referred to the service methods of documents of public authorities nowadays, which I later confirmed on the basis of a comparison of methods of service through interviews. As part of the analysis of the interviews, I found that despite modern digital technology, the service of administrative bodies is still largely in paper form. However, business and communication between public authorities are increasingly taking place in electronic form, which can increase crisis situations such as in the coronavirus era.

Vročanje je nadvse pomemben del vsakega postopka, saj v primeru, da akti prekrškovnega ali sodnega organa niso vročeni, ne nastopijo njihovi pravni učinki, kar pa ni v skladu z javnim interesom kot ključno lastnostjo tega javnopravnega razmerja. Temo analiza sodne prakse o vročanju v prekrškovnih postopkih sem izbrala, ker se mi zdi zanimiva in uporabna, saj ponuja dovolj primerov za analizo stanja in trendov na področju težav in uporabljenih rešitev pri vročanju v prekrškovnih zadevah. Namen magistrskega dela je bil opraviti poglobljeno študijo uporabe določil ZUP o vročanju v postopku o prekršku in ugotoviti, v katerih primerih se uporabljajo pravila ZP-1 in ZUP, tako na splošno kot pri delu v splošno korist. V ta namen sem preučila in analizirala slovensko sodno prakso s področja vročanja v postopku o prekršku. Analiza je vsebovala odločbe višjih sodišč, Vrhovnega sodišča RS in Ustavnega sodišča RS, izdanih v obdobju od 2014 do junija 2020. Rezultati empirične raziskave so pokazali, da so določbe ZUP in ZP-1 jasne, zato je sodna praksa tudi na prekrškovnem področju glede vročanja enotna na vseh ravneh. V raziskavi je bilo ugotovljeno, da element obravnave vročanje po pooblaščencu poleg elementa obravnave fiktivne vročitve predstavlja najbolj sporno dilemo v sodnih odločbah, medtem ko to ne velja za vročanje v tujino. S pomočjo primerjalne analize sem preučila tudi nemško pravno ureditev o vročanju v postopku o prekršku. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je ureditev vročanja v nemškem in slovenskem pravnem sistemu primerljiva, razlike so predvsem pri določitvi okoliščin fiktivne vročitve, kjer je slovenska zakonodaja bolj zadržana. Rezultati so uporabni kot analitičen prispevek k upravno-pravni znanosti, zlasti pa za izboljšave predpisov z vnosom bolj fleksibilnih norm ob ohranitvi pravne varnosti in enotne prakse. Service or delivery of documents is an extremely important part of any procedure, because if the acts of the misdemeanour or judicial body are not served, their legal effects do not occur, which is not in the public interest as a key feature of this public law relationship. I have chosen the topic of case-law analysis on service in misdemeanour proceedings because I find it interesting and useful, as it offers enough examples to analyse the situation and trends in the field of problems and solutions used in service in misdemeanour cases. The purpose of the master's thesis was to conduct an in-depth study of the application of the provisions of the General Administrative Procedure Act (GAPA) on service in misdemeanour proceedings and to determine in which cases the rules of Misdemeanour Act and GAPA apply, both in general and in work in the general interest. For this purpose, I have studied and analysed the Slovenian case-law in the field of service in misdemeanour proceedings. The analysis included decisions of higher courts, the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, issued in the period from 2014 to June 2020. The results of the empirical research have shown that the provisions of GAPA and MA are clear, so the case-law in the area of misdemeanour regarding service is uniform at all levels. The study has found that the element of consideration is service by proxy in addition to the element of consideration of fictitious service represents the most controversial dilemma in court decisions, while this does not apply to service abroad. With the help of a comparative analysis, I also examined the German legal system on service in misdemeanour proceedings. The results of the research showed that the regulation of service in the German and Slovenian legal systems is comparable the differences are mainly in determining the circumstances of fictitious service, where Slovenian legislation is more restrained. The results are useful as an analytical contribution to administrative-legal science, and in particular, to serve to improve regulations by introducing norms that are more flexible while maintaining legal certainty and uniform practice.

V magistrski nalogi obravnavam institut vročanja v pravdnem postopku držav Rusije, Združenega kraljestva in Slovenije. Primerjalnopravno so analizirani pojem in vsebina vročanja, načini vročitve, napake pri vročanju in njihova poprava. Analizirala sem sisteme vročanja v omenjenih državah ter njihove prednosti in pomanjkljivosti. Za opredelitev učinkovitosti vročanja v pravdi je bilo treba opredeliti kriterije primerjave. Pri opredelitvi učinkovitosti pravdnega postopka sem upoštevala časovno komponento in preobremenjenost sodišča v zvezi z nalogo, ki jo ima v postopku vročanja. Učinkovitost je usmerjena v varstvo pravic strank postopka in hitrost postopka. V okviru učinkovitosti postopka mora biti stranka pravilno obveščena, kar zagotavlja njeno seznanjenost s pomembnimi dejstvi in stališčem nasprotne stranke. Pravilnost obveščanja je odvisna od uspešne vročitve pisanja naslovniku. V zvezi s tem so bili obravnavani institut fikcije vročitve in problemi, ki nastanejo v primeru, ko poslano ni bilo dejansko vročeno. Ugotovila sem, da se postopek vročanja v Rusiji, Združenem kraljestvu in Sloveniji bistveno razlikuje. Vsaka država ima v svojem sistemu prednosti in pomanjkljivosti zakonodajnega reguliranja na področju vročanja. Analiza je pokazala, da med omenjenimi državami ni idealnega modela vročanja ter da bi bil pri vsakem sistemu vročanja potreben vnos bistvenih sprememb. Prav tako sem na primerih treh držav pokazala zvezo med učinkovitostjo norm procesnega prava glede vročanja ter varstvom pravic strank postopka In this master's thesis, I am dealing with the service of documents in civil proceedings of Russia, the United Kingdom and Slovenia. The comparative method is used to analyse the following: concept and contents of service, methods of service, incorrect service and possible improvement of service. Throughout this analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the systems of service in these countries are shown. To determine the effectiveness of service, it was necessary to define the criteria for comparison. In defining the effectiveness of litigation, I took into account the duration of the proceedings and the workload of the court, both concerning the tasks the court has in the service process. The protection of the rights of the parties in the proceedings and the speed of the procedure often depend on the effectiveness of the service, which ensures party’s familiarity with the relevant facts and with the positions of the counterparty. In this regard, I examine the so-called fictitious service and the problems that emerge in case the sent document was in fact not served. I have found that in Russia, the United Kingdom, and Slovenia the service procedure varies considerably. Each of the mentioned countries has advantages and disadvantages in its system of legislative regulation in the field of service. While comparing the different service procedures, I concluded that there is no ideal model and that all the compared systems would require substantial changes. I have also shown that there is a correlation between the effectiveness of the rules of procedural law regarding the service and the protection of the rights of the parties to the proceedings.

Magistrsko delo »Pomen Haaških konvencij v slovenskem mednarodnem zasebnem pravu« je namenjeno kratki predstavitvi Haaških konvencij, ki zavezujejo Slovenijo, ter njihovi vpetosti v slovenski pravni sistem. Haaške konvencije so mednarodni sporazumi, sprejeti v okviru Haaške konference, ki urejajo različna področja v civilnem in gospodarskem pravu in tako preprečujejo konflikte, ki bi lahko nastali zaradi razlik v pravnih redih držav. Slovenijo zavezuje štirinajst Haaških konvencij, med katerimi prevladujejo konvencije, ki se nanašajo na civilno pravo. Med njimi so konvencije, ki se navezujejo na civilni postopek (Konvencija o civilnem postopku, Konvencija o vročanju, Konvencija o legalizaciji, Konvencija o dokazih, Konvencija o olajšanju pristopa k sodiščem, Konvencija o sporazumih o izbiri sodišča), na družino (Konvencija o ugrabitvi otrok, Konvencija o posvojitvah, Konvencija o zaščiti otrok, Konvencija o preživninah, Protokol o preživninah) in na odškodninsko odgovornost (Konvencija o prometnih nesrečah, Konvencija o odgovornosti proizvajalca). Haaške konvencije in njihovo vpetost v slovenski pravni sistem poskušam predstaviti skozi primere v slovenski sodni praksi, v kolikor je to mogoče, nekatere Haaške konvencije se namreč pred slovenskimi sodišči uporabljajo zelo redko ali pa celo nikoli. This master thesis is intended to give a brief presentation of Hague conventions that bins Slovenia and their role in the Slovenian legal system. The Hague conventions are international agreements adopted by the Hague Conference on Private International Law, which regulate various areas of civil and commercial law, thereby preventing conflict that might arise from differences in legal systems of different countries. Slovenia is bound by fourteen Conventions, mostly in the field of private law. There are Conventions that relate to civil procedure (Convention on civil procedure, Service Convention, Convention on legalization, Convention on international access to justice, Evidence Convention, Convention on choice of court agreements), family (Convention on abduction of child, Adoption Convention, Convention on the protection of children, Maintenance Convention, Maintenance Protocol) and liability (Convention on traffic accidents, Convention on product liability). Through case-law of the Slovenian courts, I will try to present the Hague Conventions and their integration in the Slovenian legal system. It must, however, be mentioned, that some Hague conventions are applied much more often than others, whereby some of them are applied very rarely or have never been applied.

Pravni sistem mora zagotavljati varstvo obeh enakopravnih pogodbenih partnerjev, upnikov in dolžnikov. V nalogi je tako predstavljeno varstvo upnikovih pravic s pomočjo zemljiškoknjižnih inštitutov.. Pri vrstah vpisov so izpostavljeni problemi vknjižb, zaradi katerih pravice niso pravočasno vidne. Opozorjeno je na problem deklaratornih vpisov, kjer upnik ni vselej pravočasno seznanjen z obstojem pravic. Obravnavane so predznambe v povezavi s postopkom zavarovanja. Pri zaznambah je poudarek na zaznambi izvršbe in zaznambah v postopku zavarovanja. Posebej je izpostavljen upnikov položaj v primeru prisilne izterjave iz zastavljene nepremičnine, problem prezrtih prisilnih hipotek. Opozorjeno je na prekomerno nesorazmerje med varstvom imetnika pričakovane pravice in zaupanjem v zemljiško knjigo pri upoštevanju lastninske pravice v pričakovanju, ki po stališču sodne prakse prevlada nad evidentnim stanjem v zemljiški knjigi. Narejena je primerjava zemljiškoknjižnega postopka v Republiki Sloveniji in Republiki Avstriji. Samo hiter način delovanja tako izvršbe, kakor tudi zemljiške knjige, omogoča varstvo pravic upnika in krepi zaupanje v pravno državo in v pravosodje. Predstavljeni so ukrepi, uvedeni za pospešitev zemljiškoknjižnih postopkov ter predlagane rešitve v izogib morebitni odškodninski odgovornosti države. Rechtsverhältnise bilden die Wirtschaft und bestimmen die Wirtschaftsentwiklung jeden Landes. Rechtssystem muss den Schutz beiden gleichberechtigten Vertragspartners gewährleisten, Gläubiger und Schuldner. Die Essenz des master-Arbeit ist der Schutz der Rechte der Gläubiger durch die Grundbuchsinstitute und Grundsätze der Tätigkeit des Grundbuchs. Im besondere ist die Rechtslage des Gläubigers im Falle der Zwangsvollstreckung, übersehenden Hypotheken und Eigentumsrecht in Erwartung, dass nach der Rechtsprechung überwigt die Situation, d.h. den aufgezeihneten Status im Landbuch. Durchgeführt wird auch der Vergleich von Grundbuchsverfahren in der Republik Österreich und Republik Slowenien. Auf der Grundlage der durchgeführten Vergleich zeigt, dass nur schnelle Tätigkeit von Zwangsvollstreckung und des Grundbuchs ermöglichen den Rechtsschutz des Gläubigers und stärken das Vertrauen in die Rechtsstaatlichkeit und die Gerechtigkeit. Vorgestellt sind Massnahmen, die das Grundbuchsverfahren beschleuningen und Vorschläge zur Vermeidung des Schendsersatzt des Staates.

Diplomsko delo obravnava razloge zoper priznanje in izvršitev tujih sodnih odločb v okviru Bruseljske uredbe Ia. Podrobneje sta kot razlog nepriznanja opisana pridržek javnega reda in kršitve načela kontradiktornosti. Delo skozi primere sodne prakse prikazuje odločitve Sodišča EU glede vprašanj, ki so jih nanj naslovila sodišča držav članic v zvezi z zavrnitvenimi razlogi zoper priznanje in izvršitev tuje sodne odločbe. Predstavljeno je vročanje tujih sodnih odločb in posledice nevročitve, ki predstavljajo razlog za zavrnitev tuje sodne odločbe bodisi z vidika poseganja v javni red države, v kateri se zahteva priznanje tuje sodne odločbe, ali pa zaradi kršitve temeljnih pravic posameznika. Vsakdo ima pravico do sodelovanja v postopku, ki teče zoper njega, prav tako pa mu mora biti dana možnost priprave obrambe, da se lahko uspešno brani pred sodiščem. Poudarjena je omejena razlaga javnega reda in njegovana restriktivna vloga, kot se je izoblikovala tudi v praksi Sodišča EU. Iz diplomskega dela je razvidno, da je klavzula javnega reda zelo omejena in se lahko uporabi samo v izjemnih primerih. Na drugi strani pa je pomembno tudi razmejevanje med javnim redom in načelom kontradiktornosti. Delo tako izpostavlja in analizira prakso Sodiščae EU, ki je v zvezi s temje v podobnih primerih podalo različno razlago na vprašanje glede uporabea ali se lahko uporabijo določbe javnega reda inalikateri drug razlog iz 45. člena BU Ia za zavrnitev tuje sodne odločbe določbe o kontradiktornosti, zaradi česar je lahko obseg razlage obeh razlogov za zavrnitev priznanja oziroma njuno medsebojno razlikovanje v določeni meri nejasno. This thesis discusses grounds against enforcement and recognition of foreign judgments under the Brussels Regulation Ia. It is focused on refusal grounds of public order clause and breach of contradictoriness principle. Through the cases the study shows Court of Justice decisions about questions sent by courts of Member States regarding refusal grounds for non-recognition and non-enforcement of the judgment. Delivery of foreign judgments and consequences of non-delivery that represent grounds of non-recognition are interpreted in the study either from interfering into public policy of Member state where recognition is sought or when a breach of fundamental rights of individual takes place. Every individual has the right to cooperate in the procedure against him or her and has to be given an opportunity to prepare defense and be able to successfully defend before the Court. The focus is on the limited explanation of the Public Policy and its restrictive role as shown from practice of Court of Justice. It is evident from the thesis that the Public Policy Clause is very restrictive and can only be applied in exceptional cases. On the other hand, it is important to delimit Public Policy and contradictoriness principle. Thesis exposes and analyzes practice of Court of Justice which in respect to similar cases gave a different interpretation to the question of the application of the provisions of Public Policy and provisions of contradictoriness, for this reason the scope of the interpretation of the two grounds for non-recognition and their mutual differentiation is at certain extent unclear.

Disertacija obravnava institut vročitve v povezavi s pravico do sodnega varstva v civilnih sodnih postopkih (dostopa do sodišča). Podrobneje so obravnavani različni sistemi vročanja. Primerjalno pravno so analizirani različni načini vročitve pri čemer je bila posebna pozornost namenjena identifikaciji napak pri vročanju, njihova razvrstitev in možnost konvalidacije. Za potrebe analize učinkovitosti in pravnih posledic vročitve smo identificirali objekt oz. predmet vročitve. Ugotavljali smo katera pisanja se vročajo in na kakšen način. Za učinkovitost vročitve je bilo treba namreč nujno opredeliti kdo je tisti, ki dejansko vroča. Izhajali smo iz predpostavke, da je vsaka vročitev povezana s stroški na eni strani in časovno komponento (zlasti čas trajanja postopka) na drugi strani. Učinkovitost sodnega postopka pa se ne meri zgolj v njegovi hitrosti temveč tudi v učinkoviti zaščiti pravic, ki jih zasledujejo stranke med postopkom. Civilni sodni postopek, ki je bil predmet preučevanja, namreč temelji na dveh strankah s praviloma nasprotujočimi si interesi. Zato učinkovit sistem vročanja bistveno pripore k varstvu pravic obeh strank. Učinkovit sistem vročitve pa je tisti, ki omogoča pravilno vročitev pošiljke naslovniku. V zvezi s tem vprašanjem smo obravnavali fikcijo vročitve, ki vzpostavlja domnevo o vročitvi, čeprav pošiljka dejansko ni bila vročena. Ta je posebej problematična, ko gre za čezmejno vročanje, saj fikcija vročitve ne ustreza minimalnim postopkovnim standardom, ki jih za vročanje določajo uredbe EU. Ugotovili smo, da je vročanje predmet konvencijskega varstva temeljnih pravic po EKČP ter ustavno sodnega varstva ter podrobneje izpostavili pravico do poštenega sojenja in pravico do pravnega sredstva ter z njimi povezane konvencijske pravice. V okviru čezmejnega vročanja smo preučevali različne sisteme čezmejnega vročanja, ki ga vzpostavljajo mednarodne konvencije, pogodbe in Uredbe EU. Izpostavili smo prednosti, ki jih omogoča elektronsko vročanje ter napravili analizo pričakovanih prihrankov, ki jih tako vročanje omogoča. Primerjali smo različne sisteme za elektronsko vročanje, pri čemer smo ločili med zaprtimi in odprtimi sistemi za vročanje. Dissertation deals with the institute of service of documents in relation to the right to judicial protection in civil proceedings (access to justice). Different systems of service are discussed. Methods of service are compared with special attention to identification of errors, classification of errors and the possibility of their rectification. For the analysis of effectiveness and legal consequences of the service, we have identified subjects of service. We determined which documents have to be served and how. It is important to define who has to perform the service of documents. We have started from the assumption that every service of documents is related to the costs on the one hand and the time component (in particular the duration of the procedure) on the other. The efficiency of judicial proceedings is not measured only by its speed but also by the effective protection of the rights pursued by the parties during the procedure. Civil proceedings, which have been the subject of research, are based on a two-party rule, with conflicting interests. Therefore, an effective system of service significantly improves protection of the rights of both parties. An effective service system is the one that enables them to properly and effectively service the documents to the addressee. In accordance with this issue we have discussed fiction of the service that establishes a presumption of the service, even if the document has not been actually served. This is especially problematic when it comes to cross-border service as a fiction of the service does not meet the minimum procedural standards for the service set by the EU regulations. We have proved that the service is the subject of protection of fundamental rights under the ECHR convention and the constitutional rights. We have further analyzed the right to a fair trial and the right to appeal and other related rights guaranteed by the Convention. In the context of cross-border service, we have studied various systems of cross-border service, established by international conventions, treaties and EU regulations. We have researched the advantages offered by the electronic service and have made an analysis of projected savings when using this method of the service. We have compared various systems for the electronic service, in particular the difference between closed and open systems of the service.

Avtorica se je, kot bivša policistka, pri opravljanju policijskih nalog, tudi sama pogosto soočala s policijskim pooblastilom vabljenja. Pri tem je pogosto naletela na njegovo neučinkovitost in nastale nepotrebne stroške, zato se je tudi odločila za to zaključno delo. Nenehne težnje po spremembi, določena mnenja in zahteve po odpravi pomanjkljivosti različnih institucij, med drugim tudi Varuha človekovih pravic, so prinesla spremembe. V času opravljanja policijskih nalog, se je na tem področju delno spremenila tudi zakonodaja, ki ureja področje vabljenja kot policijskega pooblastila. Namesto Zakona o Policiji je bil sprejet Zakon o nalogah in pooblastilih policije, prav tako tudi nov Pravilnik o policijskih pooblastilih. Določene spremembe so nastale tudi v Pravilniku o povračilu potnih stroškov vabljenim osebam. Glede na spremembo zakonodaje, bomo v diplomskem delu predstavili spremembe med novimi in starimi predpisi in pa določene obrazce, ki jih policisti uporabljajo pri izvajanju pooblastilu. Ne glede na obstoječo pozitivno zakonodajo, ki je doprinesla k nekoliko bolj natančno predpisanem postopku izvedbe navedenega policijskega pooblastila, bomo predstavili tudi nekaj praktičnih primerov. V nekaj primerih se policijsko pooblastilo vabljenja še vedno izkaže kot neučinkovito, zato se pri policistih porajajo dileme. V določenih primerih, vabilo kot policijsko pooblastilo še vedno ni učinkovito, zato je pred uporabo, v smislu upoštevanja načela sorazmernosti in racionalnosti izpeljave postopka v katerem bi lahko nastali le nepotrebni stroški, sam postopek pa bi bil lahko popolnoma neučinkovit, smiselno dobro premisliti, primarno na kakšen način oziroma ali ga v določenih primerih sploh uporabiti. Poskušali bomo predstaviti tudi rešitev za bolj učinkovito in racionalno uporabo policijskega pooblastila vabljenja. Ob upoštevanju zakonitosti in strokovnosti pri izvajanju policijskih pooblastil in ob dejstvu, da se tudi državljani vse bolj zavedajo svojih pravic v policijskih postopkih, lahko zaključimo, da je policijsko pooblastilo vabljenja, v večini primerov eno od manj strogih pooblastil, ki jih policisti uporabljajo pri zbiranju obvestil. Njegova strogost oziroma učinkovitost se izkaže le v primeru zbiranja obvestil od osumljenca, saj je v tem primeru mogoče le tega tudi privesti, seveda pa tudi v tem primeru ni nujno, da gre za učinkovito uporabo, kar kaže na določeno nesorazmerje med pooblastilom vabljenja, ki ga imajo policisti in med načelom sorazmernosti, ki ga morajo policisti pri izvajanju vseh policijskih pooblastil upoštevati. The author, being a former policewoman, often faced also police powers of summoning while performing her police tasks. While performing these tasks, she often encountered their ineffectiveness and unnecessary expenses incurred, and for this reason she also decided for this final work. Continuing trends towards changes, certain opinions and requests to eliminate deficiencies of different institutions, of the Human Rights Ombudsman including inter alia, have brought changes. In the course of performance of police tasks, the legislation that regulates the field of summoning as police powers also partially changed. Police Tasks and Powers Act was adopted instead of Police Act, and new Rules on Police Powers were adopted. Certain changes also occurred in the Rules on the reimbursement of travel expenses for invited persons. In the light of changes of the legislation, the diploma paper will present changes between new and old regulations as well as certain forms that policemen use for exercising powers. Irrespective of the existing positive legislation, which has contributed to a slightly more accurately regulatory process of implementing the above-mentioned police powers, we will also present some practical examples. In some cases police powers of summoning still result ineffective and for this reason policemen have dilemmas. In certain cases summoning as police powers is still ineffective and for this reason, in terms of having regard to the principle of proportionality and the rationality of implementing the procedure in which only unnecessary costs could arise but the procedure itself could be totally ineffective, it would be reasonable to well consider primary how or whether to use them at all in certain cases before using them. We will also try to present a solution for more effective and rational use of police powers of summoning. Considering the regularity and professional competence while exercising police powers and with regard to the fact that also nationals are more and more aware of their rights in police procedures, we can conclude that police powers of summoning are in the majority of cases those, which have less strict powers that the policemen use in collecting information. Its strictness or effectiveness is demonstrated only in a case of collecting information from a suspect as in this case the latter can also be produced however, even in this case it is not necessary that it is an effective use, which shows a certain disparity between the powers of summoning that policemen have and the principle of proportionality that policemen have to respect while exercising all police powers.

Detektiv pomaga stranki, da hitreje in lažje pride do informacij/podatkov, ki jih potrebuje. Večkrat stranke tudi ne morejo ali ne znajo rešiti določenega problema ali ugotoviti dejanskega stanja. Pri ugotavljanju dejanskega stanja na osnovi dokazov, so detektivom v veliko pomoč upravičenja, ki jih lahko pri svojem delu uporabljajo v skladu z Zakonom o detektivski dejavnosti (2011). Dokazi (strokovno detektivsko poročilo, fotografije, posnetki in ostali dokazi), ki jih zberejo detektivi, potem obveljajo na sodiščih, kjer lahko detektivi tudi pričajo. Zelo pomembno je, da detektivi pri svojem delu upoštevajo načelo zakonitosti, kajti opravljanje detektivske dejavnosti lahko pomeni tudi poseg v človekovo zasebnost oziroma njegove pravice in svoboščine. Na podlagi analize virov, sodne prakse in intervjujev je bilo ugotovljeno, da gre pri detektivski dejavnosti pravzaprav za poizvedovalno dejavnost. Kajti pojem poizvedovalna dejavnost se navezuje na preiskovanje, iskanje, sledenje, ugotavljanje, povpraševanje, odkrivanje in zaznavanje. Največkrat pa se omenja kot delo zasebnih preiskovalcev in detektivov. Zaradi tega se ne sme dovoliti, da osebe registrirajo poizvedovalno dejavnost brez predhodnega izpolnjevanja pogojev po Zakonu o detektivski dejavnosti (2011). To pa zaradi tega, ker je detektivska dejavnost regulirana dejavnost, kar pomeni, da je potrebno pred registracijo izpolnjevati določene pogoje. Tako je nesprejemljivo, da nekdo brez pogojev registrira poizvedovalno dejavnost in opravlja detektivske storitve. Zakon o varstvu osebnih podatkov (2007) dopušča, da osebne podatke preko kontrol bolniških odsotnosti lahko zbirajo tudi nedetektivi, če imajo registrirano poizvedovalno dejavnost, kar je v nasprotju z vsem prej naštetim. Glede tega je bilo izdanih več nasprotnih mnenj, leta 2007 so to lahko opravljali le detektivi, v mnenju informacijskega pooblaščenca leta 2013 pa kar naenkrat vsi, ki imajo registrirano poizvedovalno dejavnost. Ker pa pod poizvedovalno dejavnost spada detektivska dejavnost in pa tudi kontrola bolniških dopustov, lahko zaključimo, da lahko kontrolo bolniške odsotnosti opravljajo le osebe, ki izpolnjujejo pogoje po Zakonu o detektivski dejavnosti (2011). S pridobivanjem osebnih podatkov se namreč ne bi smel ukvarjati vsak, ki se samo registrira. Nenazadnje je pomembno tudi varovanje osebnih podatkov, kar z nižanjem standardov vsekakor ni mogoče oziroma ne more biti zagotovljeno. Zato morajo pristojni organi predvsem v zvezi z registracijo nekaj spremeniti oz. preprečiti tovrstne registracije. Detective helps a client, to obtain information/data needs, faster and easier. On several occasions clients can not or do not know how to solve a particular problem, or to determine the facts. When determining the facts, based on evidence, a detective can assists himself at his work by using Private Detective Services Act (2011). Evidence (professional detective report, photos, recordings and other evidence) collected by detectives then prevail in courts, where detectives can also testify. It is very important, that detectives at their work respect the principle of legality. Performance of detective work can also mean interference with a person's privacy or his rights and liberties. Based on analysis of resources, jurisprudence and interviews, it was found that detective activities are a case of reconnaissance activity. The concept investigation activity is related to search, retrieval, tracking, identifying, inquiry, detection and perception. Most often it is referred to as: the work of private investigators and detectives. For this reason, it should not be permitted, that a person could register reconnaissance activity, without meeting the conditions of Private Detective Services Act (2011). Detective activity is regulated, which means that prior to authorization, certain conditions must be fulfilled. It is unacceptable, that someone without conditions registers reconnaissance activity and performs detective services. Personal Data Protection Act (2007) allows that personal data via absenteeism control may be collected by non detectives, if they have registered reconnaissance activity, which is contrary to all previously listed. Altogether several conflicting opinions were issued. In 2007, control of sick leave may be carried out only by detectives. In 2013 in the opinion of the Information Commissioner, suddenly the control of sick leave can be performed only by those who have registered reconnaissance activity. Under reconnaissance activity we find detective activity and also control of sick leave. We can conclude, that control of sick leave can be performed only by persons who qualify under Private Detective Services Act (2011). With the acquisition of personal data should not engage anyone who just registers. Finally, it is important to protect personal data, which by lowering standards certainly is not possible or can not be guaranteed. Therefore, the competent authorities must change something in relation to these registrations or prevent this type of registrations.

Detektivi med drugimi nalogami opravljajo tudi vročanje pisemskih in drugih pošiljk. Pooblaščeni vročevalec, ki ima ob sebi detektiva ali je to sam, je gotovo v prednosti, saj vročevalec od sodišča dobi le ime in priimek osebe in naslov osebe, kateri je potrebno vročiti pisanje. Prvotne informacije se pogosto izkažejo za neverodostojne, zato mora vročevalec opraviti poizvedbo in poiskati naslovnika na pravem naslovu. Prednost detektiva je njegovo znanje in usposobljenost pri zbiranju dodatnih informacij o naslovniku, s katerimi se čas vročitve nemalokrat skrajša. Pomembna je predvsem strokovna usposobljenost detektiva, ki prepreči napake pri vročitvah. Detektivi se lahko pohvalijo z zelo visokim odstotkom (90%) uspešnosti opravljenih pooblaščenih vročanj. Problem, ki otežuje uspešno in hitro vročanje se kaže pri nesodelovanju državnih organov. Rešitev se ponuja v obliki sodelovanja med Ministrstvom za pravosodje in Centri za socialno delo, ki bi omogočalo pooblaščenim vročevalcem pridobivanje potrebnih podatkov in s tem zmanjšalo stroške in povečalo hitrost vročanja, s tem pa pospešilo sodne obravnave. Varčevanje države ni obšlo niti Ministrstva za pravosodje, ki pooblaščene vročevalce sili v nesprejemljive pogoje dela. Sodišče vročevalcem s ponujeno ceno za opravljeno vročitev ne povrne dejanskih stroškov, zato v zadnjih letih prihaja do številnih zlorab. Normalizacija cen s strani sodišča bi motivirala pooblaščene vročevalce, s čimer bi se povečala učinkovitost vročanja, ki bi znižala ceno postopka na sodišču. Among other tasks, private detectives also serve letters and other packages. An authorized process server that is accompanied by a private detective, or is a private detective himself, has an advantage, because the court only gives the process server the name, surname and address of the person to whom the document is to be delivered. The initial information is often unreliable therefore, the server must perform an enquiry and find the addressee at the right address. The advantage of a private detective is his knowledge and skill in collecting additional information on the addressee, which often shortens the time of the service. The qualifications of the detective are particularly important in order to prevent service errors. Detectives can boast with a very high percentage (90%) of successfully performed authorized services. The problem that makes it difficult to serve effectively and quickly reflects in the lack of cooperation of state authorities. The solution lies in a form of co-operation between the Ministry of Justice and the Centres for Social Work, which would allow authorized process servers to obtain the necessary information and thereby reduce the costs and increase the speed of the service, thereby speeding up the trials. The money saving of the country did not even avoid the Ministry of Justice, which forces the authorized process servers to work under unacceptable conditions. With the offered price, the court does not reimburse the servers for the actual costs therefore, many abuses have occurred in recent years. The normalization of the prices by the court would motivate authorized process servers, which would increase the efficiency of the service, which would lower the costs of court proceedings.

V diplomskem delu je obravnavana fikcija vročitve v pravdnem postopku po pravilih slovenskega prava in prava EU. Gre za institut, ki bistveno pripomore k učinkovitosti pravdnega postopka, vendar zaradi posega v procesne pravice predstavlja relativno problematično tematiko. V nalogi je predstavljena načelna podlaga za ureditev vročanja, nadalje pa so obravnavana slovenska pravila in pravila EU o vročanju nasploh. Nato se delo ukvarja s fikcijo vročitve, kot je urejena v Zakonu o pravdnem postopku in Uredbi 1393/2007 o vročanju ter osvetli najbolj bistveno problematiko uporabe te fikcije. Bralec tega dela lahko spozna pomembnost vročanja v pravdnem postopku in se seznani s slovenskimi pravili ter pravili EU, po katerih poteka vročanje, se seznani z ureditvijo fikcije vročitve in spozna dva najbolj problematična primera uporabe obravnavanega instituta, skozi navajanje literature in pravnih virov pa je vseskozi spodbujan, da se sam loti poglobljenega študija katerega izmed posameznih aspektov fikcije vročitve in vročanja nasploh. This degree considers ficticious service in civil proceedings under the rules of Slovenian law and European Union law. Ficticious service contributes significantly to the effectiveness of civil procedure, but is relatively problematic due to the interference with the procedural rights. First, this degree presents the base principle for the regulation of service. Second, Slovenian and European rules of the service in general are discussed. Third, it deals with ficticious service under the Civil Procedure Act and Regulation 1393/2007 and highlights the most significant issues of this institute. The reader of this work may become aware of the importance of serving in litigation and get acquainted with Slovenian and European rules that govern service, with the regulation of ficticious service and two of the most problematic examples of the application of ficticious service. The reader is also constantly encouraged to undertake in-depth study of a particular aspect of ficticious service and service in general.

Upravni postopkovni sistem v Sloveniji sestavljajo pravila splošnega upravnega postopka, ki so določena v Zakonu o splošnem upravnem postopku (v nadaljevanju ZUP) ter pravila posebnih upravnih postopkov, ki jih določajo nekateri zakoni na različnih upravnih področjih (npr. na davčnem področju Zakon o davčnem postopku). Če je predpisan posebni upravni postopek, organ ravna po določbah zakona, ki urejajo ta postopek, glede vprašanj, ki z njim niso urejena, pa dopolnilno uporablja pravila ZUP. V navedeni diplomski nalogi je poudarek na posebnem upravnem postopku oz. davčnem postopku, ki je urejen predvsem z Zakonom o davčnem postopku (v nadaljevanju ZDavP). V nalogi je podrobno obravnavan institut vabila, ki ga sicer ZDavP ne ureja, zato se dopolnilno uporabijo pravila ZUP. Institut vabila je eden od načinov občevanja med organi in strankami, kjer upravni organ (v tem primeru davčni organ) povabi stranko ali kakšnega drugega udeleženca v postopku, ki ga potrebuje za razjasnitev dejanskega stanja in ugotavljanja določenih dejstev. V primeru, ko se povabljeni ne odzove in svojega izostanka ne opraviči, upravni organ, ko so za to izpolnjeni zakonski pogoji, izda sklep o prisilni privedbi in zaprosi Policijo, ki je edini organ v Sloveniji, ki izvaja in ima pooblastila v zakonu, da privede določeno osebo pred upravni (davčni) organ. V diplomski nalogi sem ugotavljal, na katerih področjih izvajanja nalog davčne službe prihaja do prisilnih privedb oziroma kaj vse mora izpolniti upravni (davčni) organ, da lahko zaprosi policijo in katere so tiste meje sorazmernosti, da človekove pravice niso prekomerno prizadete. V teh okvirjih sem izdelal tudi raziskavo na Davčnem uradu Maribor, kjer sem pridobil podatke o prisilnih privedbah davčnih zavezancev v letu 2011 ter tako svoje hipoteze potrdil oziroma dokazal. The Slovenian administrative procedural system consists of the general administrative procedure as defined by the General Administrative Procedure Act (hereinafter: APA) and rules on special administrative procedures defined by acts related to different administrative areas (e.g. tax issues are regulated by the Tax Procedure Act). If a special administrative procedure is prescribed, the relevant authority must act in accordance with such procedure, while areas not covered by such procedure are regulated by the APA. The emphasis of the present paper is on the special administrative procedures, i.e. tax procedures regulated mainly by the Tax Procedure Act (hereinafter: TPA). Detailed review is given to the institution of summons, not specifically regulated by the TPA therefore, regulations stipulated in the APA are applied. The institution of summons is one of the options available for communication between administrative bodies and other parties, whereby a body (in this case a tax office) summons an individual or another party in the proceeding to attend in order to clarify issues of the actual situation and facts. In the event of the summoned party failing to appear and failing to excuse their absence, the administrative body may, provided that other legal requirements have been met, render a decision for forced production and request the police as the only body in Slovenia vested with powers by law, to produce a certain individual before the tax body. This paper is focused on establishing which areas of tax office domain entail forced production and which conditions must be fulfilled for the tax body to request a forced production by the police, and which are those border lines of the principle of proportionality to elude disproportional impairment of human rights. Within such a framework, a survey was conducted at Maribor Tax Office data was obtained on forced production of subjects liable to pay tax in 2011 which validated and proved the hypothesis.

Naloga prikazuje, kako je institut vročanja urejen v Zakonu o splošnem upravnem postopku, Zakonu o pravdnem postopku, Zakonu o kazenskem postopku ter Zakonu o poštnih storitvah. This work shows the institut of service according to ZUP, ZPP, ZKP and ZPSTO.