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The study was designed to determine stress related variations in endogenous vitamin E and C levels of Murrah buffaloes. For this purpose, four hundred and fifty healthy adult female Murrah buffaloes between 4 and 12 years of age were sampled to harvest the sera during adverse ambiences viz. moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. Animals were broadly divided into non-pregnant milch, pregnant milch, pregnant dry, primipara and multipara. The mean values (µmol L-1) of serum vitamin E and C were 4.31±0.03 and 23.34±0.33, respectively during moderate ambience. The mean values of both the vitamin E and C depressed significantly (p≤0.05) during hot and cold ambiences as compared to moderate ambience. It was observed that decline in each value during hot ambience was greater than that of respective cold ambience. A significant (p≤0.05) variation was observed in the mean values of vitamin E and C in each ambience in the animals of all physiological states. The mean values of both the vitamins of non pregnant milch animals were highest (p≤0.05) whereas they were lowest (p≤0.05) in pregnant dry animals. It could be concluded that extreme ambiences produced oxidative stress in the buffaloes of all physiological states. The depressed levels of endogenous vitamin E and C in the serum showed their depletion in the body probably to combat free radical scavengers. Vitamin E and C should be supplemented to protect the animals from oxidative stress.

Background & Objective: Sulfasalazine (SASP) is a drug used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. SASP causes testicular damage. The aim of this study was to verify whether or not an additional supply of vitamin E or C or together prevent the toxic effect of SASP on the rat spermatogenesis. Materials & methods: Adult male wistar rats (150-200 gr) were divided into five groups (n=8) control and four experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with SASP (600 mg/kg/day by gavage feeding ) for 14 successive days. Additionally the experimental group 2 were treated with the vitamin C (20 mg/kg/body weight/daily), the experimental group 3 received vitamins E (200 mg/kg body weight/daily) and the experimental group 4 received daily vitamin C and vitamin E 20 and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively through the same root. At the end of the experimental period the mean body weight growth and the ratio between body and testis weight were calculated and compared with the control groups, Spermatogenesis Parameters such as, daily Sperm count, percent of motility, viability, Daily sperm production (DSP), testicular histopathology, serum testosterone levels and the level of Malondialehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The data were analyzed using Danken and one way variance test and the P≤ 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Sperm count, percent of motility, viability and DSP were decreased in SASP treated animals. A significant decrease in the number of sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatogonia and spermatid were seen in the testis of SASP treated animals. The level of MDA was increased in the SASP treated group. However, Co-administration of vitamin E and C with SASP reduced the level of MDA and deleterious effects of SASP on the sperm parameters and testicular histology. Finally, the Co-administration of vitamin E and C had the most protective effects when compared with the control groups. Conclusion: The results suggested that additional supply of vitamin E and C protect against SASP–induced oxidative stress in the rat testis.

Background & Objective: Sulfasalazine (SASP) is a drug used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. SASP causes testicular damage. The aim of this study was to verify whether or not an additional supply of vitamin E or C or together prevent the toxic effect of SASP on the rat spermatogenesis. Materials & methods: Adult male wistar rats (150-200 gr) were divided into five groups (n=8) control and four experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with SASP (600 mg/kg/day by gavage feeding ) for 14 successive days. Additionally the experimental group 2 were treated with the vitamin C (20 mg/kg/body weight/daily), the experimental group 3 received vitamins E (200 mg/kg body weight/daily) and the experimental group 4 received daily vitamin C and vitamin E 20 and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively through the same root. At the end of the experimental period the mean body weight growth and the ratio between body and testis weight were calculated and compared with the control groups, Spermatogenesis Parameters such as, daily Sperm count, percent of motility, viability, Daily sperm production (DSP), testicular histopathology, serum testosterone levels and the level of Malondialehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The data were analyzed using Danken and one way variance test and the P≤ 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Sperm count, percent of motility, viability and DSP were decreased in SASP treated animals. A significant decrease in the number of sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatogonia and spermatid were seen in the testis of SASP treated animals. The level of MDA was increased in the SASP treated group. However, Co-administration of vitamin E and C with SASP reduced the level of MDA and deleterious effects of SASP on the sperm parameters and testicular histology. Finally, the Co-administration of vitamin E and C had the most protective effects when compared with the control groups. Conclusion: The results suggested that additional supply of vitamin E and C protect against SASP–induced oxidative stress in the rat testis.

Considering that Na,K-ATPase is an embedded-membrane enzyme and that experimental chronic hyperprolinemia decreases the activity of this enzyme in brain synaptic plasma membranes, the present study investigated the effect of chronic proline administration on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, as well as the influence of antioxidant vitamins E plus C on the effects mediated by proline on Na,K-ATPase activity in cerebral cortex of rats. The expression of Na,K-ATPase catalytic subunits was also evaluated. Results showed that proline increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, suggesting an increase of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, concomitant administration of vitamins E plus C significantly prevented the increase of lipid peroxidation, as well as the inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity caused by proline. We did not observe any change in levels of Na,K-ATPase mRNA transcripts after chronic exposure to proline and vitamins E plus C. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms through which proline exerts its effects on brain function and suggest that treatment with antioxidants may be beneficial to treat neurological dysfunctions present in hyperprolinemic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]