443 results on '"visual screening"'
Search Results
2. Visual chemiresistive dual-mode sensing platform based on SnS2/Ti3C2 MXene Schottky junction for acetone detection at room temperature
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Wu, Qingjin, Feng, Zeguo, Wang, Ziheng, Peng, Zhengchun, Zhang, Lu, and Li, Yingchun
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- 2023
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3. Rapid and Visual Screening of Virus Infection in Sugar Beets Through Polerovirus-Induced Gene Silencing.
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Bunwaree, Heemee Devi, Klein, Elodie, Saubeau, Guillaume, Desprez, Bruno, Ziegler-Graff, Véronique, and Gilmer, David
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- *
SUGAR crops , *SMALL interfering RNA , *GENE silencing , *PHYTOPLASMAS , *RECOMBINANT viruses , *SUGAR beets - Abstract
Since the ban of neonicotinoid insecticides in the European Union, sugar beet production is threatened by outbreaks of virus yellows (VY) disease, caused by several aphid-transmitted viruses, including the polerovirus beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV). As the symptoms induced may vary depending on multiple infections and other stresses, there is an urgent need for fast screening tests to evaluate resistance/tolerance traits in sugar beet accessions. To address this issue, we exploited the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system, by introducing a fragment of a Beta vulgaris gene involved in chlorophyll synthesis in the BMYV genome. This recombinant virus was able to generate early clear vein chlorosis symptoms in infected sugar beets, allowing easy and rapid visual discernment of infected plants across five sugar beet lines. The recombinant virus displayed similar infectivity as the wild-type, and the insert remained stable within the viral progeny. We demonstrated that the percentage of VIGS-symptomatic plants was representative of the infection rate of each evaluated line, and depending on the susceptibility of the line to BMYV infection, VIGS symptoms may last over months. Our work provides a polerovirus-based VIGS system adapted to sugar beet crop allowing visual and rapid large-scale screens for resistance or functional genomic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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4. Improving detection of oral lesions: Eye tracking insights from a randomized controlled trial comparing standardized to conventional approach.
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Puladi, Behrus, Coldewey, Beatrice, Volmerg, Julia S., Grunert, Kim, Berens, Jeff, Rashad, Ashkan, Hölzle, Frank, Röhrig, Rainer, and Lipprandt, Myriam
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EYE tracking ,EARLY detection of cancer ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,DENTAL students ,ORAL cancer - Abstract
Background: Early detection of oral cancer (OC) or its precursors is the most effective measure to improve outcome. The reasons for missing them on conventional oral examination (COE) or possible countermeasures are still unclear. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of standardized oral examination (SOE) compared to COE. 49 dentists, specialists, and dental students wearing an eye tracker had to detect 10 simulated oral lesions drawn into a volunteer's oral cavity. Results: SOE had a higher detection rate at 85.4% sensitivity compared to 78.8% in the control (p = 0.017) due to higher completeness (p < 0.001). Detection rate correlated with examination duration (p = 0.002). Conclusions: A standardized approach can improve systematics and thereby detection rates in oral examinations. It should take at least 5 min. Perceptual and cognitive errors and improper technique cause oral lesions to be missed. Its wide implementation could be an additional strategy to enhance early detection of OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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5. Smartphone-Based Artificial Intelligence for the Detection and Diagnosis of Pediatric Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.
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Principi, Nicola and Esposito, Susanna
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *DIAGNOSIS , *MOBILE health , *OTITIS media with effusion , *ACUTE otitis media , *MEDICAL technology - Abstract
In recent years, the use of smartphones and other wireless technology in medical care has developed rapidly. However, in some cases, especially for pediatric medical problems, the reliability of information accessed by mobile health technology remains debatable. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the relevance of smartphone applications in the detection and diagnosis of pediatric medical conditions for which the greatest number of applications have been developed. This is the case of smartphone applications developed for the diagnosis of acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, hearing impairment, obesity, amblyopia, and vision screening. In some cases, the information given by these applications has significantly improved the diagnostic ability of physicians. However, distinguishing between applications that can be effective and those that may lead to mistakes can be very difficult. This highlights the importance of a careful application selection before including smartphone-based artificial intelligence in everyday clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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6. Parental Awareness of the Preschool Orthoptics Visual Screening in Brunei-Muara District and Factors Contributing to Defaulters
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Sharimawati Sharbini, Nur Aimi Diyana Awang Damit, Ted Maddess, and Siti Nurliyana Abdullah
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amblyopia ,orthoptics ,preschool ,visual screening ,defaulters ,vision disorders ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Background: The preschool orthoptics visual screening program began in Brunei Darussalam in 2004 to detect amblyopia, a common cause of treatable visual disorders in children. Amblyopia can be asymptomatic, easily missed, and cause permanent adverse visual consequences; hence, it is necessary to be screened. The parental role in ensuring timely visual screening is pivotal to their child’s visual well-being and educational success. This study explored parental awareness and reasons for their nonattendance. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 401 parents was conducted in the Brunei-Muara district in private kindergarten schools and maternal and child health clinics. A self-designed and self-administered questionnaire was used. Data collected was analysed using RStudio in the form of descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The study findings showed that 52.8% defaulted their screening and there was a significant association between parental awareness and the defaulters (p < 0.05). Only 39.9% of parents were aware of the screening service availability, and 50.1% had not taken their children for an eye check. The most significant sociodemographic factor that influenced awareness of the importance of vision screening was parental employment status (p = 0.013), revealing a 4.43 times higher likelihood of default if the father was unemployed. This study found that with each additional child, parents are 1.25 times less likely to seek eye screening (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The main reason for nonattendance was a lack of awareness of the situation and parents believed that their children were seeing well. Mitigating child visual screening defaults requires a community-focused approach. more...
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- 2024
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7. Parental Awareness of the Preschool Orthoptics Visual Screening in Brunei-Muara District and Factors Contributing to Defaulters.
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Sharbini, Sharimawati, Awang Damit, Nur Aimi Diyana, Maddess, Ted, and Abdullah, Siti Nurliyana
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MEDICAL screening ,KINDERGARTEN children ,SITUATIONAL awareness ,VISION disorders ,VISION testing - Abstract
Background: The preschool orthoptics visual screening program began in Brunei Darussalam in 2004 to detect amblyopia, a common cause of treatable visual disorders in children. Amblyopia can be asymptomatic, easily missed, and cause permanent adverse visual consequences; hence, it is necessary to be screened. The parental role in ensuring timely visual screening is pivotal to their child's visual well-being and educational success. This study explored parental awareness and reasons for their nonattendance. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 401 parents was conducted in the Brunei-Muara district in private kindergarten schools and maternal and child health clinics. A self-designed and self-administered questionnaire was used. Data collected was analysed using RStudio in the form of descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The study findings showed that 52.8% defaulted their screening and there was a significant association between parental awareness and the defaulters (p < 0.05). Only 39.9% of parents were aware of the screening service availability, and 50.1% had not taken their children for an eye check. The most significant sociodemographic factor that influenced awareness of the importance of vision screening was parental employment status (p = 0.013), revealing a 4.43 times higher likelihood of default if the father was unemployed. This study found that with each additional child, parents are 1.25 times less likely to seek eye screening (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The main reason for nonattendance was a lack of awareness of the situation and parents believed that their children were seeing well. Mitigating child visual screening defaults requires a community-focused approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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8. Amblyopia: Effectiveness of visual screening for early detection in a comparative study between urban and rural school children
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Priti R Kapadia, B V Sneha, and Shivani B Jariwala
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amblyopia ,types of amblyopia ,visual screening ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Background: Amblyopia an important health problem among young children causing lifelong visual impairment if not treated at correct age. Timely screening of children for amblyopia and its appropriate treatment can prevent the consequences of the problem in their adulthood. Materials and Methods: This study carried out a visual screening of 1234 school children in the age group of 3–12 years of urban and rural schools. All children having vision < 6/6, were called for detailed ophthalmic evaluation at tertiary care Government Hospital. Children who met the inclusion criteria and their best-corrected visual acuity found to be more...
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- 2023
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9. COMPLEX DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
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N.A. MUKHSINZODA and S.G. UMAROVA
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cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ,visual screening ,via/vili visual method ,colposcopy. ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objective: To study the experience of a comprehensive diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) based on the results of the first pilot visual screening in the Republic of Tajikistan. Methods: The first pilot visual screening in two large districts of the Republic of Tajikistan was carried out in 2016. A total of 68,391 women of the target groups took part in this study, of which 26,691 (39%) were from the Kushoniyon district and 41,700 (61%) from the B. Gafurov district. According to the algorithm of organized visual screening, extended colposcopy, cytological examination, and biopsy with histological examination were performed. Results: According to the results of the tests performed, in 164 cases (0.24%) CIN was diagnosed, while in 20 cases (0.03%) cervical cancer (CC) was detected (p more...
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- 2022
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10. Impact of Image Classification in Dermatology: Automated Diagnosis
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Singh, Anukriti, Sinha, Devam Kumar, Dhanda, Namrata, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Singh, Pradeep Kumar, editor, Kolekar, Maheshkumar H., editor, Tanwar, Sudeep, editor, Wierzchoń, Sławomir T., editor, and Bhatnagar, Raj K., editor more...
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- 2022
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11. FIRST RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
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N.A. MUKHSINZODA and S.G. UMAROVA
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cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ,visual screening ,via/vili visual method ,colposcopic examination ,electrosurgical loop excision/conizatio. ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objective: To assess the clinical results of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) treatment following the outcomes of the first pilot implementation of visual screening in the Republic of Tajikistan. Methods: The study was conducted from 2016 to 2020. The piloting included the population of two large districts of Kushoniyon and B. Gafurov, with a total number of 608,700 people, which is 6.74% of the country's total population. The target group of this screening included healthy women aged 30-49 years, numbering 72574 people. As a result of communication campaigns with the target group of both districts, 69391 women participated in visual screening; the overall screening coverage was 94.2%. Of the 2958 women referred for diagnosis, in 164 cases (0.24%) CIN was identified and morphologically confirmed. Results: Tajikistan, along with piloting imaging screening, has adopted a "detection-diagnosis-treatment" strategy, which involves treatment after histological confirmation of CIN. Additionally, electrosurgical loop excision/conization was adopted as the primary method, regardless of the degree of CIN involvement. Patients with CIN in 136 (82.9%) cases underwent electrosurgical loop excision, in 21 cases – conization (12.8%), and in 7 (4.3%) cases, at the insistence of the women themselves – hysterectomy. In the long-term follow-up period from 6 months to 2 years, in 159 (96.9%) cases, a favorable course of CIN was noted after the above procedures, and in 5 (3.1%) cases, relapse occurred. Patients with relapses received re-surgical treatment using electrosurgical excision/conization with a satisfactory outcome. Conclusion: The "detection-diagnosis-treatment" strategy adopted by Tajikistan has shown its high efficiency in detecting precancerous pathology and the success of CIN treatment by electrosurgical excision/conization, which contributes to the healing of the population from precancerous pathology. more...
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- 2022
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12. Development and validation of a new method for visual acuity assesment on tablet in pediatric population: eMOVA test
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Noémie Stoll, Elsa Di Foggia, Claude Speeg-Schatz, Hélène Meunier, Adam Rimele, Pascal Ancé, Pierre-Henri Moreau, and Arnaud Sauer
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Amblyopia ,Visual screening ,Visual acuity ,Pediatrics ophthalmology ,Child ,eMOVA test ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Abstract Background Amblyopia is a major public health concern. Its screening and management require reliable methods of visual acuity assessment. New technologies offer nowadays many tests available on different app stores for smartphone or tablet but most of them often lack of scientific validation for a medical use. The aim of our study was to attempt validating a tablet-based near visual acuity test adapted to the pediatric population: the eMOVA test (electronic Measurement Of Visual Acuity) by comparing visual acuity measured with more conventional test. Methods A cohort of 100 children aged 3 to 8 attending the ophthalmic-pediatric for eye examination between September 2016 and June 2017 were included in the study. Near visual acuity was assessed on participants using both the eMOVA test and a Standard test (Rossano-Weiss test). Duration of each test, its comprehension, its acceptability and the attention of the child during the test was also investigated. Results The eMOVA test overestimated near visual acuity by 0.06 logMAR. This difference, statistically significant, was not clinically relevant. The duration of the eMOVA test was longer than the reference test, but less discomfort and preferred by children and their parents compared to standard tests. Conclusion The eMOVA test appears as a reliable test to assess near visual acuity in children. By its portability and efficiency, this application proved to be a relevant tool to be used for children eye examination in daily routine at the hospital. more...
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- 2022
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13. El tamiz visual: mostrando el mundo al recién nacido.
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Urueta Cárdenas, Paloma
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The visual screening is the application of a simple, duplicable, valid, sensitive and specific test that allows identifying an ocular alteration that may not be evident at first glance during childhood and that is likely to cause visual or a systemic problem. In Mexico there is a legal basis to know when and who should go under this procedure, yet there is nothing to standardize the technique to be used. This paper describes the preliminary results of a visual screening model that allows to consider the usefulness and impact of an early visual screening since out of 50 screening babies, ten (20%) were found to carry visual problems that could be susceptible to correct in time but that puts vision at serious risk, causing permanent impairment, which implies not only suffering from the disease, but also negatively affects the family, the community and the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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14. Evaluating Seismic Vulnerability of Residential Buildings by Rapid Evaluation Method (REM)
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Shah, Md Faiz, Kegyes-Brassai, Orsolya K., Ahmed, Anas, Sultan, Parves, Dhiman, Satinder, editor, and Samaratunge, Ramanie, editor
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- 2021
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15. An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children
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Hyeshin Jeon, Jae Ho Jung, and Hee-young Choi
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Fix-and-follow ,Saccade ,Visual development ,Visual screening ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Abstract Background Assessing visual function in infants is usually challenging. Fix-and-Follow is a simple and popular method for assessing early development of visual perception in infants, currently however, there is no formal reproducible method for grading the capacity of fix-and-follow. This study was to develop and validate a new fix-and-follow grading system for assessing visual function development in preverbal children. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the fix-and-follow grades was evaluated in 21 consecutive preverbal children. Fixation was categorised as grade 1 if there was no response to the target and grade 2 if there was a response but only for more...
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- 2021
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16. Refractive errors in children: analysis among preschool and school children in Tuzla city, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Amra Nadarević Vodenčarević, Meliha Halilbašić, Anis Međedović, Vahid Jusufović, Adisa Pilavdžić, Aida Drljević, and Mufid Burgić
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astigmatisms ,hypermetropia ,myopia ,visual screening ,Medicine - Abstract
Aim To establish the prevalence of refractive errors in preschool and school children between 4 and 15 years of age, living in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods Children from all elementary schools in the city of Tuzla and as well from eight day-care centres were screened for refractive errors in the period 2015-2019. Any child, who failed to pass the screening examination, was referred to an ophthalmologist for complete ophthalmological evaluation. The obtained data were analysed using non-parametric statistics. Results The highest number of children who were tested after the screening process was during 2015. A total of 7415 children (3790 males and 3625 females), in the age range of 4-15 were screened. In the total sample of children who were completely evaluated (n=145; 290 eyes) the most common refractive error was astigmatism, in 152 (52.4%) eyes. In the preschool children (n=18; 36 eyes), the most common refractive error was astigmatism, in 19 (52.8%) eyes, followed by hyperopia, in 9 (25%) eyes. In the school children (n=127) (254 eyes), the most common refractive error was astigmatism, in 133 (52.4%) eyes, followed by myopia, in 92 (36.2%) eyes. The overall prevalence of refractive errors was 1.95% (145 with refractive error out of 7415 screened). Conclusion Prevalence of refractive errors is high enough to justify a school eye screening programme. more...
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- 2021
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17. Development and validation of a new method for visual acuity assesment on tablet in pediatric population: eMOVA test.
- Author
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Stoll, Noémie, Di Foggia, Elsa, Speeg-Schatz, Claude, Meunier, Hélène, Rimele, Adam, Ancé, Pascal, Moreau, Pierre-Henri, and Sauer, Arnaud
- Subjects
AMBLYOPIA ,VISUAL acuity - Abstract
Background: Amblyopia is a major public health concern. Its screening and management require reliable methods of visual acuity assessment. New technologies offer nowadays many tests available on different app stores for smartphone or tablet but most of them often lack of scientific validation for a medical use. The aim of our study was to attempt validating a tablet-based near visual acuity test adapted to the pediatric population: the eMOVA test (electronic Measurement Of Visual Acuity) by comparing visual acuity measured with more conventional test.Methods: A cohort of 100 children aged 3 to 8 attending the ophthalmic-pediatric for eye examination between September 2016 and June 2017 were included in the study. Near visual acuity was assessed on participants using both the eMOVA test and a Standard test (Rossano-Weiss test). Duration of each test, its comprehension, its acceptability and the attention of the child during the test was also investigated.Results: The eMOVA test overestimated near visual acuity by 0.06 logMAR. This difference, statistically significant, was not clinically relevant. The duration of the eMOVA test was longer than the reference test, but less discomfort and preferred by children and their parents compared to standard tests.Conclusion: The eMOVA test appears as a reliable test to assess near visual acuity in children. By its portability and efficiency, this application proved to be a relevant tool to be used for children eye examination in daily routine at the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A convenient, rapid and efficient method for establishing transgenic lines of Brassica napus
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Kai Zhang, Jianjie He, Lu Liu, Runda Xie, Lu Qiu, Xicheng Li, Wenjue Yuan, Kang Chen, Yongtai Yin, May Me Me Kyaw, Aye Aye San, Shisheng Li, Xianying Tang, Chunhua Fu, and Maoteng Li
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DsRed ,Agrobacterium-mediated hypocotyl transformation ,Visual screening ,Brassica napus ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop that offers a considerable amount of biomass for global vegetable oil production. The establishment of an efficient genetic transformation system with a convenient transgenic-positive screening method is of great importance for gene functional analysis and molecular breeding. However, to our knowledge, there are few of the aforementioned systems available for efficient application in B. napus. Results Based on the well-established genetic transformation system in B. napus, five vectors carrying the red fluorescence protein encoding gene from Discosoma sp. (DsRed) were constructed and integrated into rapeseed via Agrobacterium-mediated hypocotyl transformation. An average of 59.1% tissues were marked with red fluorescence by the visual screening method in tissue culture medium, 96.1% of which, on average, were amplified with the objective genes from eight different rapeseed varieties. In addition, the final transgenic-positive efficiency of the rooted plantlets reached up to 90.7% from red fluorescence marked tissues, which was much higher than that in previous reports. Additionally, visual screening could be applicable to seedlings via integration of DsRed, including seed coats, roots, hypocotyls and cotyledons during seed germination. These results indicate that the highly efficient genetic transformation system combined with the transgenic-positive visual screening method helps to conveniently and efficiently obtain transgenic-positive rapeseed plantlets. Conclusion A rapid, convenient and highly efficient method was developed to obtain transgenic plants, which can help to obtain the largest proportion of transgene-positive regenerated plantlets, thereby avoiding a long period of plant regeneration. The results of this study will benefit gene functional studies especially in high-throughput molecular biology research. more...
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- 2020
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19. [Bibliometric study and analysis of citation networks of visual screening in primary care].
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Coca-Serrano R, Sánchez-Tena MA, Álvarez-Peregrina C, Martínez-Pérez C, and Moriche-Carretero M
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- Humans, Vision Disorders diagnosis, Vision Disorders epidemiology, Mass Screening methods, Primary Health Care, Vision Screening methods, Bibliometrics, Eye Diseases diagnosis, Eye Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Aim: Screenings make it possible to detect anomalies that can be treated and identify patients who require referral to a specialist. The objective is to identify the different areas of research and determine the most cited publications on screening in primary care., Methods: An analysis of publications and visualization of citation networks has been carried out using the Citation Network Explorer software. The bibliographic search was carried out with the Web of Science (WOS) database using the search term: "screening AND (vision OR eye OR ocular OR visual)"., Results: We analyzed 16707 publications in all fields, 23919 citation networks have been found. The number of publications has increased, with 2021 being the year with the highest number. The majority are scientific articles and the predominant language is English. The most cited article is a global meta-analysis on the prevalence of glaucoma, showing the importance of screening for its early detection since it is essential to avoid blindness. Using the clustering function we found 8 groups with a significant number of publications where we have bibliography on certain eye diseases: glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, pediatric amblyopia, keratoconus and dry eye., Conclusions: The main areas of study in relation to screening are the detection of diseases such as glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, keratoconus and dry eye. As well as the detection through visual analysis of childhood amblyopia and vision loss in elderly patients. It also gives importance to performing ocular motility tests in problems of acquired brain damage., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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20. Vision for the Future Project: Screening impact on the prevention and treatment of visual impairments in public school children in São Paulo City, Brazil
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Douglas Rodrigues da Costa, Iara Debert, Fernanda Nicolela Susanna, Janaina Guerra Falabreti, Mariza Polati, and Remo Susanna Júnior
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Visual Screening ,Refractive Error ,Ophthalmic Epidemiology ,Amblyopia ,Social Refraction ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Uncorrected refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment in children. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we analyzed a social visual screening program for school children in São Paulo, Brazil, evaluated its impact on the prevention and treatment of children’s visual disabilities, and assessed its epidemiological outcomes to outline suggestions for its improvement. METHODS: First-grade children from public schools were submitted to prior visual screening by their teachers. Selected children were forwarded to the hospital’s campaigns for a second screening by ophthalmologists and treatment if needed. Data were analyzed for age, sex, visual acuity, biomicroscopy, refractive errors, ocular movement disorders, amblyopia, number of donated spectacles, and number of children forwarded to specialized care. RESULTS: A total of 1080 children were included with mean age of 6.24±0.45 years. Children with normal ophthalmological exam, 591 (54.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.7%-57.7%) were dismissed and considered false-positives. Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism components were found in 164 (15.2%; CI: 13.1%-17.4%), 190 (17.6%; CI: 15.3%-20.0%), and 330 (30.5%; CI: 27.8%-33.4%) children, respectively. Amblyopia was diagnosed in 54 (5%; CI: 3.5%-6.4%) children, and 117 (10.8%; CI: 9.8%-12.8%) presented ocular movement disorders. A total of 420 glasses were donated. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological findings for amblyopia and refractive errors are consistent with those of similar studies. The expressive number of diagnoses performed and number of glasses donated to underprivileged children depict the importance of such projects. New guidelines to improve their cost-effectiveness, such as professional training and community sensitization, are imperative. more...
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- 2021
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21. An office-based fix-and-follow grading system assessing visual function in preverbal children.
- Author
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Jeon, Hyeshin, Jung, Jae Ho, and Choi, Hee-young
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VISION ,VISUAL perception ,EYE movements ,CHILD development ,OPHTHALMOLOGISTS ,PHYSICAL diagnosis ,RESEARCH evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH bias - Abstract
Background: Assessing visual function in infants is usually challenging. Fix-and-Follow is a simple and popular method for assessing early development of visual perception in infants, currently however, there is no formal reproducible method for grading the capacity of fix-and-follow. This study was to develop and validate a new fix-and-follow grading system for assessing visual function development in preverbal children.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the fix-and-follow grades was evaluated in 21 consecutive preverbal children. Fixation was categorised as grade 1 if there was no response to the target and grade 2 if there was a response but only for < 3 s. Grades of 3 and 4 were assigned based capacities to (1) fix on a moving target for ≥3 s, and (2) shift fixation from one target to another. If only one of these two criteria was met, grade 3 was assigned. If both were met, grade 4 was assigned. Following was evaluated using smooth pursuit movement, where grade 1 indicated no movement, grade 2 partial movement, and grade 3 complete movement. Two ophthalmologists independently applied the grading method in all patients. Then one of two examiners repeated the examinations to investigate the intra-observer agreement of the grading system.Results: Intra-observer agreement was excellent (Kappa coefficient = 0.823) and inter-observer agreement was good (Kappa coefficient = 0.625). All patients who exhibited abnormal ocular movement had score discrepancy between a new fix-and-following grading examination.Conclusions: The new fix-and-follow grading scale can be applied easily in preverbal children in an office setting, and it proved reliable and reproducible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2021
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22. Reduced visual acuity in children from 5 to 6 years old, with LEA chart.
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Nunes, Amélia Fernandes, Sena, F., Calado, R., Tuna, A. R. R., Gonçalves, A. P. R., and Monteiro, P. L.
- Abstract
Purpose: To assess visual acuity in 5-year-old children with LEA chart and to estimate the frequency of reduced visual acuity in this age. Method: Study aimed at children attending the last year of preschool education in Public Kindergartens and Private Social Solidarity Institutions (IPSS) under the influence Regional Health Administration of the Médio Tejo, in Portugal. The 15-line LEA charts at 3 m were used and the presentation visual acuity was measured monocularly starting with the right eye. The ETDRS-fast methodology was used. Results: A total of 3072 children participated, being 51% male and 54% from rural area. A rate of 13.7% children with a reduced level of visual acuity was found, that is, visual acuity worse or equal to 0.2 logMAR in at least one eye, or an interocular difference greater than two lines. Conclusion: This research shows that reduced VA frequency rate in children between 5 and 6 years old is high. The literature presents amblyopia (refractive and/or strabismic) and uncorrected refractive errors without amblyopia as the main cause of reduced VA in childhood, and these anomalies negatively affect child development, especially at the educational level. Reduced VA interferes with performance on a number of key tasks in the learning process. Thus, it is important to preserve the running program to identify these deficits and lead to their correction before the beginning of the school stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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23. Visual Inspection Methods for Cervical Cancer Prevention
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Priya, Swati, Agarwal, Krishna, Mehta, Sumita, editor, and Sachdeva, Poonam, editor
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- 2017
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24. A convenient, rapid and efficient method for establishing transgenic lines of Brassica napus.
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Zhang, Kai, He, Jianjie, Liu, Lu, Xie, Runda, Qiu, Lu, Li, Xicheng, Yuan, Wenjue, Chen, Kang, Yin, Yongtai, Kyaw, May Me Me, San, Aye Aye, Li, Shisheng, Tang, Xianying, Fu, Chunhua, and Li, Maoteng
- Subjects
TISSUE culture ,RUTABAGA ,GENETIC transformation ,BRASSICA ,OILSEEDS ,TRANSGENE expression ,VEGETABLE oils ,MOLECULAR biology - Abstract
Background: Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop that offers a considerable amount of biomass for global vegetable oil production. The establishment of an efficient genetic transformation system with a convenient transgenic-positive screening method is of great importance for gene functional analysis and molecular breeding. However, to our knowledge, there are few of the aforementioned systems available for efficient application in B. napus. Results: Based on the well-established genetic transformation system in B. napus, five vectors carrying the red fluorescence protein encoding gene from Discosoma sp. (DsRed) were constructed and integrated into rapeseed via Agrobacterium-mediated hypocotyl transformation. An average of 59.1% tissues were marked with red fluorescence by the visual screening method in tissue culture medium, 96.1% of which, on average, were amplified with the objective genes from eight different rapeseed varieties. In addition, the final transgenic-positive efficiency of the rooted plantlets reached up to 90.7% from red fluorescence marked tissues, which was much higher than that in previous reports. Additionally, visual screening could be applicable to seedlings via integration of DsRed, including seed coats, roots, hypocotyls and cotyledons during seed germination. These results indicate that the highly efficient genetic transformation system combined with the transgenic-positive visual screening method helps to conveniently and efficiently obtain transgenic-positive rapeseed plantlets. Conclusion: A rapid, convenient and highly efficient method was developed to obtain transgenic plants, which can help to obtain the largest proportion of transgene-positive regenerated plantlets, thereby avoiding a long period of plant regeneration. The results of this study will benefit gene functional studies especially in high-throughput molecular biology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2020
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25. Pica
- Author
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Williams, Don E., McAdam, David, and Singh, Nirbhay N., Series editor
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- 2016
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26. Evidence for the need for vision screening of school children in Turkey
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Serap Azizoğlu, Sheila G. Crewther, Funda Şerefhan, Ayla Barutchu, Sinan Göker, and Barbara M. Junghans
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Public health ,Socioeconomic status ,Primary school children ,Middle East ,Visual screening ,Refractive errors ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Abstract Background In many countries, access to general health and eye care is related to an individual’s socioeconomic status (SES). We aimed to examine the prevalence of oculo-visual disorders in children in Istanbul Turkey, drawn from schools at SES extremes but geographically nearby. Methods Three school-based vision screenings (presenting distance visual acuity, cover test, eye assessment history, colour vision, gross stereopsis and non-cycloplegic autorefraction) were conducted on 81% of a potential 1014 primary-school children aged 4–10 years from two private (high SES) schools and a nearby government (low SES) school in central Istanbul. Prevalence of refractive errors and school-based differences were analysed using parametric statistics (ANOVA). The remaining oculo-visual aspects were compared using non-parametric tests. Results Of the 823 children with mean age 6.7 ± 2.2 years, approximately 10% were referred for a full eye examination (8.2% and 16.3% of private/government schools respectively). Vision had not been previously examined in nearly 22% of private school children and 65% of government school children. Of all children, 94.5% were able to accurately identify the 6/9.5 [LogMAR 0.2] line of letters/shapes with each eye and 86.6% the 6/6 line [LogMAR 0], while 7.9% presented wearing spectacles, 3.8% had impaired colour vision, 1.5% had grossly impaired stereo-vision, 1.5% exhibited strabismus, 1.8% were suspected to have amblyopia and 0.5% had reduced acuity of likely organic origin. Of the 804 without strabismus, amblyopia or organic conditions, 6.0% were myopic ≤ − 0.50DS, 0.6% hyperopic ≥ + 2.00DS, 7.7% astigmatic ≥1.00 DC and 6.2% anisometropic ≥1.00DS. Conclusions The results highlight the need for general vision screenings for all children prior to school entry given the varied and different pattern of visual problems associated with lifestyle differences in two populations raised in the same urban locale but drawn from different socioeconomic backgrounds. more...
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- 2017
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27. Visual Screening with Welch Allyn Spot.
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Bogdănici CM, Pavel IA, Pavel CD, Grigorovici A, and Tătaru CA
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- Humans, Prospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Preschool, Child, Male, Infant, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Visual Acuity, Refraction, Ocular physiology, Romania epidemiology, Age Distribution, Vision Screening methods, Refractive Errors diagnosis, Refractive Errors physiopathology, Strabismus diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: Analysis of refractive errors and strabismus deviations following the visual screening of patients with the Welch Allyn Spot device. Material and Methods: This paper is a prospective cross-sectional study of 4281 patients examined with the Welch Allyn Spot device acquired by Lions Club Romania - District 124 . The study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2021 and was performed with the help of Lions Club Romania . Results: In the present study, 4281 patients were evaluated and divided into 5 age groups (6-12 months, 12-36 months, 3-6 years, 6-20 years, and 20-100 years). The most frequent age group was 6-20 years, being identified in 51,97% of participants. We found that the most common refractive error was astigmatism, followed by hyperopia and myopia. Thus, (RE) the refractive errors found in the right eye were: astigmatism 93.23%, hyperopia 4.63%, and myopia 1.05%, and in the left eye (LE): astigmatism 90.40%, hyperopia 6.68%, and myopia 0.84%. Of all participants, 8.81% had horizontal strabismus, esotropia being found in the RE in 4.56% of the participants and the LE in 4.74% of them. Conclusions: The pediatric population was the most affected by astigmatism and esotropia. Abbreviations: RE = right eye, LE = left eye, SD = strabismus deviation., (#x00A9; The Authors.Romanian Society of Ophthalmology.) more...
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- 2024
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28. Development and Validation of an Effective CRISPR/Cas9 Vector for Efficiently Isolating Positive Transformants and Transgene-Free Mutants in a Wide Range of Plant Species
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Ting Tang, Xiwen Yu, Hong Yang, Qi Gao, Hongtao Ji, Yanxu Wang, Guanbo Yan, Yan Peng, Huifeng Luo, Kede Liu, Xia Li, Chaozhi Ma, Chunying Kang, and Cheng Dai
- Subjects
CRISPR/Cas9 ,visual screening ,genome editing ,Arabidopsis ,B. napus ,strawberry ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technique is a highly valuable tool in creating new materials for both basic and applied researches. Previously, we succeeded in effectively generating mutations in Brassica napus using an available CRISPR/Cas9 vector pKSE401, while isolation of Cas9-free mutants is laborious and inefficient. Here, we inserted a fluorescence tag (sGFP) driven by the constitutive 35S promoter into pKSE401 to facilitate a visual screen of mutants. This modified vector was named pKSE401G and tested in several dicot plant species, including Arabidopsis, B. napus, Fragaria vesca (strawberry), and Glycine max (soybean). Consequently, GFP-positive plants were readily identified through fluorescence screening in all of these species. Among these GFP-positive plants, the average mutation frequency ranged from 20.4 to 52.5% in Arabidopsis and B. napus with stable transformation, and was 90.0% in strawberry and 75.0% in soybean with transient transformation, indicating that the editing efficiency resembles that of the original vector. Moreover, transgene-free mutants were sufficiently identified in Arabidopsis in the T2 generation and B. napus in the T1 generation based on the absence of GFP fluorescence, and these mutants were stably transmissible to next generation without newly induced mutations. Collectively, pKSE401G provides us an effective tool to readily identify positive primary transformants and transgene-free mutants in later generations in a wide range of dicot plant species. more...
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- 2018
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29. Characteristic of bio-geometric profile of students’ posture and physical fitness in process of physical education
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M.V. Dudko
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students ,physical education ,posture ,visual screening ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
Purpose: to determine specific features of bio-geometric profile of posture and physical fitness of students in process of physical education. Material: 250 students were tested. Video-recording and analysis of bio-geometric profile of human posture were fulfilled. Program Torso was used for this purpose. Results: it was found out that only 15.2% of students had correct posture. The most quantity of posture abnormalities was detected in 36.4% of the tested. In sagittal plane we observed the following types of abnormalities: round back - in 24.4% of students, slouching back - in 24% of students. We found that 63.3% of students with normal posture are in zone of risk. Low backbone flexibility, mobility of hip joints and elasticity of hamstrings was detected on students. Conclusions: students with unsatisfactory bio-geometric profile of posture (scoliosis posture - 43.33%; round back - 23. 33%; slouching back - 22. 73%) are in the called pre-morbid state of muscular-skeletal apparatus. more...
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- 2015
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30. Development and Validation of an Effective CRISPR/Cas9 Vector for Efficiently Isolating Positive Transformants and Transgene-Free Mutants in a Wide Range of Plant Species.
- Author
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Tang, Ting, Yu, Xiwen, Yang, Hong, Gao, Qi, Ji, Hongtao, Wang, Yanxu, Yan, Guanbo, Peng, Yan, Luo, Huifeng, Liu, Kede, Li, Xia, Ma, Chaozhi, Kang, Chunying, and Dai, Cheng
- Subjects
CRISPRS ,TRANSGENES ,PLANT species diversity - Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technique is a highly valuable tool in creating new materials for both basic and applied researches. Previously, we succeeded in effectively generating mutations in Brassica napus using an available CRISPR/Cas9 vector pKSE401 , while isolation of Cas9-free mutants is laborious and inefficient. Here, we inserted a fluorescence tag (sGFP) driven by the constitutive 35S promoter into pKSE401 to facilitate a visual screen of mutants. This modified vector was named pKSE401G and tested in several dicot plant species, including Arabidopsis , B. napus , Fragaria vesca (strawberry), and Glycine max (soybean). Consequently, GFP-positive plants were readily identified through fluorescence screening in all of these species. Among these GFP-positive plants, the average mutation frequency ranged from 20.4 to 52.5% in Arabidopsis and B. napus with stable transformation, and was 90.0% in strawberry and 75.0% in soybean with transient transformation, indicating that the editing efficiency resembles that of the original vector. Moreover, transgene-free mutants were sufficiently identified in Arabidopsis in the T2 generation and B. napus in the T1 generation based on the absence of GFP fluorescence, and these mutants were stably transmissible to next generation without newly induced mutations. Collectively, pKSE401G provides us an effective tool to readily identify positive primary transformants and transgene-free mutants in later generations in a wide range of dicot plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Prevalência de baixa acuidade visual em escolares.
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Karinne Vieira, Jessica, Xavier Rezende, Gabriela, de Barros Anastácio, Lucas, de Freitas Filho, Ronaldo Torres, Cavalcante Benevides, Heraldo Cidrão, Melo Fonseca, Juliano, Soares Pereira, Marcus Vinicius, and Monteiro Mota, Fábio more...
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological profile of visual acuity (VA) dysfunction, the possible ocular disorders and the frequency of ophthalmologic care of school children from the city of Itaúna, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a population of 432 students in the public schools. The individuals were evaluated by the Snellen method and the sample age ranged from 4 to 17 years. Data were collected and systematized. Those who had VA = 0.7 in at least one eye were referred to the ophthalmology service. Results: Of the 432 students evaluated in this study, 14.5% presented low VA, when evaluated by the Snellen test. Of these, 61.9% were female. The age group with the highest prevalence of low vision were schoolchildren aged 15 to 17 years. The majority presented alteration in both eyes and 60% of the evaluated students stated that they had never had an ophthalmological consultation. Of the students who attended the consultations, most were diagnosed with refractive errors and needed optical correction. Conclusion: The results showed that a significant portion of the individuals evaluated had low vision and required ophthalmologic referral. In addition, there was no previous ophthalmological consultation in most of the schoolchildren. This fact reinforces to public health agencies, the need to implement visual screening systems in schools and offer assistance to these students, with the aim of improvements in their learning and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
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32. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN JEDDAH: A METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL.
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Shah, Md Faiz, Kegyes-B., Orsolya K., Ray, Richard P., Ahmed, Anas, and Al-ghamadi, Ahmed
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DWELLINGS ,RISK assessment ,EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis - Abstract
The City of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia is expanding rapidly, in terms of new buildings and increasing population. The rapid urbanization leads to higher risk from seismic events; even in areas of moderate seismicity such as this city. The present study addresses the rapid evaluation of a large number of buildings in Jeddah involving steps to determine hazard, assessing building stock, and computing vulnerability with a scoring method from FEMA 155. Two districts were selected for investigation based on a cluster analysis applied to population and building data from the local municipality. One selected district was a contemporary developed urbanized area, and the other was a more traditional area. Such selection offered the possibility to compare vulnerability of buildings built according to different seismic codes and to make assumptions about the rest of the city based on typical structures of districts. The basic structural score was determined considering the building structure and moderate seismicity of the region using score modifiers, e.g. vertical irregularity score modifier; soil score modifier assuming sabkahs. The results of the investigation reveal a different level of vulnerability and areas where intervention is needed. The method can be applied for further analysis of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
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33. Evaluation of Building Vulnerability to Earthquake Using Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) Method
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Krisnamurti Krisnamurti, Jojok Widodo Soetjipto, and Andhika Ronald Dwi Pratama
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Richter magnitude scale ,Geography ,law ,Planned maintenance ,Earthquake hazard ,Forensic engineering ,Vulnerability ,General Medicine ,Risk assessment ,Visual screening ,law.invention - Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries prone to earthquakes. One of the earthquake disasters that occurred several years ago hit Palu and Donggala on September 28, 2018. It caused severe damage to infrastructure. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate buildings vulnerable to earthquakes as a form of prevention. One of the buildings in Jember, the dr. Soebandi hospital, experienced cracks in the walls during an earthquake measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale in Nusa Dua Bali on July 16, 2019. This study carried out the risk assessment of the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method from FEMA P-154. RVS is a method to identify a building that is potentially vulnerable to earthquake hazards based on visual observations from the exterior and interior of the building. The results of the evaluation using the RVS method showed that the dr. Soebandi hospital is categorized as safe and not prone to earthquakes, with a potential vulnerability percentage of 0.0126%. Based on these results, the building does not require special treatment to anticipate earthquakes; however, maintaining the occupants' safety and extending the building's life requires routine maintenance. more...
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- 2021
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34. Evaluation of the red reflex: An overview for the pediatrician
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Asli Perente, Aspasia Toli, and Georgios Labiris
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Red Reflex Test ,Systematic Reviews ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Leukocoria ,Public health ,Retinopathy of prematurity ,Cognition ,Physical examination ,Newborn ,medicine.disease ,Red eye reflex ,Red reflex ,medicine ,Visual screening ,Medical diagnosis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Pediatric examination - Abstract
Background Red reflex test (RRT) is a simple, non-invasive method that can be performed easily by pediatricians during the clinical examination in neonatal period, infancy and childhood. Abnormal reflexes can lead to prompt diagnosis of several ocular disorders, with potentially severe consequences on patient's vision, cognitive function and even life. Aim To underline the contribution of pediatricians to early detection of vision and life threatening diseases by using RRT effectively. Methods For the present systematic review, PubMed searches were performed using the key words "red reflex and newborn"; "red reflex and neonate"; "red reflex and complications"; "red reflex and necessity"; "red reflex and retinoblastoma"; "red reflex and congenital cataract"; "red reflex and glaucoma"; "red reflex and prematurity"; "red reflex and leukocoria"; "red reflex and blindness"; "red reflex sensitivity and specificity"; "red reflex and differential diagnosis"; "red reflex and guidelines". The relevant articles were selected without language restrictions. When a full-text publication was not available, their English abstracts were used. In some cases, studies from the reference lists of the selected articles provided useful information. The research took place in September 2020, in the Ophthalmology Department of University Hospital of Alexandroupolis. Results A total of 45 articles were selected according to the used key words. After reviewing data from these articles, it is supported that red reflex remains an effective tool of undeniable importance for early detection of severe eye conditions, such as cataract, retinoblastoma, retinopathy of prematurity and glaucoma. Although literature reports some limitations of RRT, including a notable percentage of false positive tests, the inability to detect small, peripheral retinoblastomas and the lower sensitivity for posterior segment pathology, it is widely accepted that the benefits from the regular evaluation of the test on public health are significant. Therefore, RRT has been established by international guidelines and should be an essential component of pediatricians clinical practice. Red reflex implementation should be incorporated in pediatricians educational programs, so that they would be able to provide quality services and safe diagnoses. Conclusion The implementation of RRT should be encouraged in all neonatal/pediatric departments. Prompt education of pediatricians should be empowered in order to achieve careful vision screening, according to current guidelines. more...
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- 2021
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35. Characteristics of the biogeometric profile of students' posture in the process of vocational and physical training
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Vitaliy Kashuba, Inna Asaulyuk, and Anna Dyachenko
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visual screening ,posture ,process of physical education ,Education ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Medicine - Abstract
Topicality. Analysis of specialized scientific and methodological literature, generalization of the experience of leading specialists and own pedagogical observations allow stating that the state of human posture is one of the characteristics of physical development. Notably, the number of students with different musculoskeletal disorders and disharmonious physical development is increasing. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the process of physical education in the context of the modern educational institution should be associated with the use of modern technologies that allow to adequately measure and assess the state of the biogeometric profile of students' posture. Research objectives. To analyze the scientific and methodological literature with regard to the study and determination of the level of the physical condition of students of music specialties and to assess the state of posture of students of specialty "Music". Research results. The results of the study contain summarized data on the assessment of students’ physical condition, which is used in the process of physical education. Based on the study of the data of specialized scientific-methodological literature and own research, the study presents the material for assessing the level of the state of the biogeometric profile of posture of students of specialty "Music". Conclusions. The study has revealed that due to prolonged forced posture and low motor activity students of specialty “Music” experience disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The research highlights the dynamics of disorders of the biogeometric profile of the students of specialty "Music" in terms of their age. Prospects for further research will be related to the definition of directions and tasks for improving the organizational and methodological conditions for the implementation of the process of physical education of students of specialty "Music". more...
- Published
- 2017
36. Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age
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Marta Alvarez, Clara Benedi-Garcia, Pablo Concepcion-Grande, Paulina Dotor, Amelia Gonzalez, Eva Chamorro, and Jose Miguel Cleva
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Hyperopia ,Vision Screening ,Child, Preschool ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Myopia ,Prevalence ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Astigmatism ,amblyopia ,myopia ,high myopia ,visual screening ,refractive errors ,Refractive Errors ,Refraction, Ocular ,Amblyopia - Abstract
Early detection and treatment of refractive defects during school age are essential to avoid irreversible future vision loss and potential school problems. Previously, vision screening of preschool children used methods based on subjective visual acuity; however, technologies such as photorefraction have promoted the detection of refractive errors quickly and easily. In this study, 1347 children from 10 schools in Madrid aged 4 to 12 years participated in a program of early detection of visual problems, which consisted of visual screening composed of anamnesis and photorefraction with a PlusOptix A12R. The prevalence of refractive errors was analyzed in terms of spherical equivalent, cylinder and its orientation, and potential cases of development of high myopia or amblyopia. Hyperopia predominates in the early years, but the number of myopic subjects is higher than that of hyperopic subjects from the age of ten onwards. At all ages, the predominant orientation of astigmatism was with-the-rule. On average, 80% of the myopic subjects were uncorrected. Potential high myopia increased with age, from 4 to 21% of the measured population. Potential amblyopia cases decreased across age groups, from 19 to 13.7%. There is a need to raise awareness of the importance of vision screening at school age to address vision problems. more...
- Published
- 2022
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37. Ecotypes of Aquatic Plant Vallisneria americana Tolerate Different Salinity Concentrations
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Mohsen Tootoonchi, Lyn A Gettys, Kyle L Thayer, Ian J Markovich, Joseph W Sigmon, and Shabnam Sadeghibaniani
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aquatic macrophytes ,freshwater systems ,salinity tolerance ,intraspecific variation ,lethal concentration ,genotypic variability ,ecotype ,salt stress ,effective concentration ,growth rate ,health condition ,visual screening ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Increased salinity caused by saltwater intrusion or runoff from de-icing salts can severely affect freshwater vegetation and deteriorate aquatic ecosystems. These habitats can be restored with freshwater ecotypes (locally adapted populations) that tolerate above-normal salinity. Vallisneria americana is a prominent species in many freshwater ecosystems that responds differently to abiotic conditions such as substrate composition and fertility, so, in this study, we evaluated the effects of salt stress on 24 ecotypes of V. americana. Instant Ocean aquarium salt was used to create saline solutions (0.2 to 20.0 parts per thousand (ppt)), then plants were abruptly exposed to these solutions and maintained in these concentrations for five weeks before being visually assessed for quality and destructively harvested. Analysis of variance and nonlinear regression were used to calculate LC50 values—the lethal concentration of salt that reduced plant biomass and quality by 50% compared to control treatment. Growth rate and visual quality varied significantly among ecotypes, and ecotypes that were most and least sensitive to salt had 50% biomass reductions at 0.47 and 9.10 ppt, respectively. All ecotypes survived 10.0 ppt salinity concentration but none survived at 20.0 ppt, which suggests that the maximum salinity concentration tolerated by these ecotypes is between 15.0 and 20.0 ppt. more...
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- 2020
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38. Prevalence of Color Blindness Among Medical Students
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Muhammad Asad Saeed, Qundeel Zahra, Muhammad Arshad Mahmood, Anum Haneef, Shahid Anwar Bhatti, and Atif Ahmed
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Blindness ,business.industry ,Color vision ,Early detection ,Color blind ,Mean age ,medicine.disease ,Test (assessment) ,Age groups ,Family medicine ,medicine ,business ,Visual screening - Abstract
Aim: To find out the prevalence of color blindness among medical students. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Chaudry Mohammad Akram teaching and research hospital, Superior university during December 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: All the medical students having age range between 21-25 years were included in the study. An ophthalmologist did ocular examination, after that color vision was checked by putting Ishihara plates. The score less than 12 out of 14 red-green test plates were labelled as color blind. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS version 20. Chi-square was used to find out the association of color blindness with age groups and gender. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age with standard deviation of study participants was 23.27 ± 0.87 years. The prevalence of color blindness among medical students was 2% out of which 1.7% were having strong red-green deficiency while only 0.3% were with mild red-green deficiency. Majority of participants with color blindness were noted in the age group of 22 years while very few were in the other age groups of medical students but these results were non-significant. On the other hand, all the color blind was male but no association was found as the p-value was more than 0.05. Conclusion: Current study reported that about 2% of medical students are affected by color vision deficiency. So there is a need of proper visual screening program among medical undergraduates for early detection of color blindness and counselling session for them. more...
- Published
- 2021
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39. Identification of Carbazole Alkaloid Derivatives with Acylhydrazone as Novel Anti-TMV Agents with the Guidance of a Digital Fluorescence Visual Screening
- Author
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Hui Feng, Huang Wenbo, Dengguo Wei, Xu Lu, Junli Ye, Feng Li, Liu Sisi, Ke Shaoyong, Xianpeng Zhang, and Wanneng Yang
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Carbazole ,Alkaloid ,fungi ,Carbazoles ,General Chemistry ,Computational biology ,Antiviral Agents ,Fluorescence ,Green fluorescent protein ,Tobacco Mosaic Virus ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Alkaloids ,Plant virus ,Screening method ,Tobacco mosaic virus ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Visual screening - Abstract
Difficulty in preventing crops from plant viruses urges to discover novel efficient antiviral chemicals, which is sped up by precise screening methods. Fluorescence-based methods have recently been applied as innovative and rapid tools for visually monitoring the replication of viruses and screening of antivirals, whereas the quantification of fluorescence signals mainly depends on manually calculating the fluorescent spots, which is time-consuming and imprecise. In the present work, the fluorescence spots were automatically identified, and the fluorescence area was directly quantified by a program developed in our group, which avoided subjective errors from the operators. We further employed this digital and visual screening assay to identify antivirals using the tobacco mosaic virus-green fluorescence protein (TMV-GFP) construct, in which the expression of GFP intuitively reflected the efficacy of antivirals. The accuracy of this assay was validated by quantifying the activities of the commercial antiviral inhibitors ribavirin and ningnanmycin and then was applied to evaluate the subtle activity differences of a series of newly synthesized carbazole and β-carboline alkaloid derivatives. Among them, compounds 5 (76%) and 11 (63%) exhibited anti-TMV activities comparable to that of ningnanmycin (65%) at 50 μM, and they delayed the multiplication of TMV in the early stage of infection without phytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that the digital and visual TMV-GFP screening method was competent to test the antiviral activities of compounds with subtle modifications and facilitated the discovery of novel antivirals. more...
- Published
- 2021
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40. Barley microspore transformation protocol by biolistic gun
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Shim, Y. S., Kasha, K. J., Maluszynski, M., editor, Kasha, K. J., editor, Forster, B. P., editor, and Szarejko, I., editor
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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41. Evidence for the need for vision screening of school children in Turkey.
- Author
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Azizoğlu, Serap, Crewther, Sheila G., Şerefhan, Funda, Barutchu, Ayla, Göker, Sinan, and Junghans, Barbara M.
- Abstract
Background: In many countries, access to general health and eye care is related to an individual's socioeconomic status (SES). We aimed to examine the prevalence of oculo-visual disorders in children in Istanbul Turkey, drawn from schools at SES extremes but geographically nearby.Methods: Three school-based vision screenings (presenting distance visual acuity, cover test, eye assessment history, colour vision, gross stereopsis and non-cycloplegic autorefraction) were conducted on 81% of a potential 1014 primary-school children aged 4-10 years from two private (high SES) schools and a nearby government (low SES) school in central Istanbul. Prevalence of refractive errors and school-based differences were analysed using parametric statistics (ANOVA). The remaining oculo-visual aspects were compared using non-parametric tests.Results: Of the 823 children with mean age 6.7 ± 2.2 years, approximately 10% were referred for a full eye examination (8.2% and 16.3% of private/government schools respectively). Vision had not been previously examined in nearly 22% of private school children and 65% of government school children. Of all children, 94.5% were able to accurately identify the 6/9.5 [LogMAR 0.2] line of letters/shapes with each eye and 86.6% the 6/6 line [LogMAR 0], while 7.9% presented wearing spectacles, 3.8% had impaired colour vision, 1.5% had grossly impaired stereo-vision, 1.5% exhibited strabismus, 1.8% were suspected to have amblyopia and 0.5% had reduced acuity of likely organic origin. Of the 804 without strabismus, amblyopia or organic conditions, 6.0% were myopic ≤ - 0.50DS, 0.6% hyperopic ≥ + 2.00DS, 7.7% astigmatic ≥1.00 DC and 6.2% anisometropic ≥1.00DS.Conclusions: The results highlight the need for general vision screenings for all children prior to school entry given the varied and different pattern of visual problems associated with lifestyle differences in two populations raised in the same urban locale but drawn from different socioeconomic backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Seismic Risk and Disaster Management Perspectives in Hungary, Presented on a Case Study Performed in Győr.
- Author
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KEGYES-BRASSAI, Orsolya, RAY, Richard P., and KUTI, Rajmund
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis ,EMERGENCY management ,BUILDING protection - Abstract
Recent earthquakes with high number of casualties and enormous devastation have recently pushed engineers and designers to adopt preventive approaches to seismic safety. Vulnerability to earthquakes has increased due to extending urban areas. Seismicity in the Pannonian Basin is moderate compared to seismicity of surrounding areas, nonetheless, based on the recent high quality of earthquake observations, epicentre determinations have shown specific regions where earthquakes occur repeatedly. Moderate seismicity does not necessarily equate to moderate damage from earthquakes. Reports of major earthquakes often refer to heavy building damage and liquefaction (e.g. 1763 Komarom eq.). To reduce the potential damage, a comprehensive assessment of the seismic risk followed by a package of relevant remedial measures is needed. This paper presents the case study for the city of Gyor, focusing on the local soil effects performing response analysis with more than 6,000 realizations and visual screening of more than 5,000 buildings to determine the vulnerability and the overall seismic risk. Based on the results engineers can plan improvements of the infrastructure easier, and authorities are able to make better plans for emergency activities in case of a seismic event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Çocuklarda ambliyopi ve ülkemizdeki görme tarama programı.
- Author
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Şahin, Tayfun and Özkurt, Yelda Buyru
- Abstract
Eye diseases are one of the most common health problems in childhood. It is possible to recognize and treat these diseases in the early period with eye examinations. Most of the eye pathologies that cause vision loss by creating amblyopia. Amblyopia is more fruquency than all trauma and other ocular diseases that cause visual impairment in people under 45 years of age. The incidence of amblyopia is varies between 1% and 3.2% in the society. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of eye lacunar disease, which is very common, closely related to community health, which can be treated with timely intervention, and to give information about the recently started national eye examination programs, which have not been performed before in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
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44. A colorimetric aptasensor for the simple and rapid detection of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 proteins
- Author
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Li Zhu, Shangchen Yao, Xu Teng, Lihui Yin, Yu Zhao, Mingzhe Xu, and Xihai Zhai
- Subjects
Aptamer ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Alphapapillomavirus ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Rapid detection ,Plasma resonance ,Analytical Chemistry ,Absorbance ,Electrochemistry ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Human papillomavirus ,Spectroscopy ,Human papillomavirus 16 ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Oncogene Proteins, Viral ,Aptamers, Nucleotide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Visual detection ,Colloidal gold ,Capsid Proteins ,Colorimetry ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,Visual screening - Abstract
In this study, a novel colorimetric aptasensor was developed for the rapid detection and visual screening of HPV16 L1 proteins using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and an RNA aptamer against HPV16 L1 protein (APTHPV16 L1). The AuNP-APTHPV16 L1 conjugates could be aggregated by the addition of a salt in the presence of HPV16 L1 proteins at the ppb level. At the same time, the surface plasma resonance absorption peaks of AuNPs shifted to a short wavelength, and an observable change in color from red to blue occurred. The relative absorbance (Ablank - Asample/Ablank) at 520 nm exhibited a stable response to HPV16 L1 proteins over a concentration range from 9.6 to 201.6 ng mL-1. The visual detection limit of HPV16 L1 proteins was found to be 9.6 ng mL-1. Finally, the proposed colorimetric aptasensor was successfully applied for the rapid and effective detection of HPV16 L1 proteins in clinical samples and vaccine samples. The validity and reliability of the proposed colorimetric aptasensor were verified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The proposed colorimetric aptasensor provided a promising indicator for screening and quantitative detection of HPV16 L1 proteins in clinical samples. more...
- Published
- 2021
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45. Correction of Postural Disorders of Mature Age Women in the Process of Aqua Fitness Taking Into Account the Body Type
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Olha Kostiuchenko, Anna Tkachova, Vitalii Kashuba, Tamara Khabinets, Nataliia Goncharova, and Mariia Pymonenko
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0106 biological sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Physical fitness ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,01 natural sciences ,Body type ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Exercise program ,medicine ,Motor activity ,posture ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,Anthropometry ,Test (assessment) ,aqua fitness ,GV557-1198.995 ,Trait ,Physical therapy ,women ,business ,Psychology ,Visual screening ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Sports - Abstract
The purpose of the article is to develop and test the effectiveness of aqua fitness exercise program for the posture improvement of women of the first period of a mature age with different body types. Materials and methods. The pedagogical experiment involved 46 women of the first period of a mature age who had previously consented to participate in the study. The used methods include the analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, Internet data, and mathematical statistics methods, including Fisher’s angular criterion, which allows sampling by distribution of the trait (Byshevets et al., 2019). The research included the assessment of the posture condition of women based on the method of visual screening of posture with determination of the total score (Kashuba et al., 2016). A surgeon was also involved in assessing the posture of women. In the process of factor analysis, the data of anthropometric studies, physical fitness assessments, and motor activity level were analyzed. Results. The distribution of women of the first period of a mature age by types of postural disorders and its changes under the influence of aqua fitness classes taking into account the body type has been established. The study involved 46 women of the mentioned category; 73.9% of them were women of normosthenic body type, 15.2% – of asthenic type, and 10.9% – of hypersthenic type. The research has established that women who were engaged in aqua fitness with regard to body type had positive changes in posture. The proportion of women of asthenic body type with a normal posture increased by 28.6%, of normosthenic type – by 20.6%, and of hypersthenic type – by 20.0%. Changes occurred in the level of the bio-geometric profile of the posture. Conclusions. The study confirms the effectiveness of the use of aqua fitness in the process of health-promoting classes to prevent and correct postural disorders. more...
- Published
- 2020
46. Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of RC Buildings of Nagpur (North-East) using Rapid Visual Screening
- Author
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Shamshad Ali
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Geography ,Vulnerability assessment ,North east ,Cartography ,Visual screening - Published
- 2020
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47. Seismic Vulnerability Assessment Using Rapid Visual Screening: Case Study of Educational Facility Buildings of Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
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Prisca Evelyn Yulianita, Hsuan Teh Hu, Ay Lie Han, Arnie Widyaningrum, Banu Ardi Hidayat, and Yanuar Haryanto
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Vulnerability assessment ,021105 building & construction ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Forensic engineering ,Vulnerability ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Loss of life ,Visual screening ,Geology ,0201 civil engineering - Abstract
Earthquakes are natural phenomena occurring in various parts of the globe. Severe earthquakes caused substantial loss of life and property when nearly populated districts. Although some progress has been made in the area of seismic prediction, earthquakes in time, magnitude or location can not be estimated correctly. The primary method of reducing casualties is therefore to build seismic resistant structures. Current earthquakes show that the old houses, which are not intended to withstand earthquakes, have been harmed rather than the structures intended according to seismic regulations. Many current structures in Indonesia were intended only without seismic provisions to withstand the gravity loads. There is a need to study these buildings' vulnerability in order to prevent a severe danger. A Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) technique is conducted in this study to determine a Final Level 1 Score, SL1, for Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia’s educational facility buildings. In nine constructions situated in Purwokerto and Purbalingga, the method was implemented. Moreover, the final SL1 score is an estimate of the collapse probability if an earthquake occurs with ground motions called the maximum considered earthquake targeted risk, MCER. These score estimates are based on restricted observed and analytical information, thus the probability of collapse is therefore an approximation. more...
- Published
- 2020
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48. Évaluation du Spot Vision Screener en le comparant au bilan orthoptique dans le dépistage visuel des enfants de 3 à 5 ans en école maternelle
- Author
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S. Aho, C. Pallot, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, L. Sigronde, Alain M. Bron, J. Blanc, Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre National de Référence des virus entériques [CHU de Dijon] (CNR virus entériques), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Elsevier Masson SAS more...
- Subjects
Male ,photoscreening ,Visual Acuity ,Amblyopia ,Refraction, Ocular ,Schools, Nursery ,03 medical and health sciences ,Vision Screening ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,amblyopie ,[SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs ,spot vision screener ,Strabismus ,Prospective cohort study ,visual screening ,Physical Examination ,School Health Services ,refraction ,réfraction ,business.industry ,Subnormal visual acuity ,dépistage visuel ,Mean age ,Ophthalmology ,Child, Preschool ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Optometry ,Female ,France ,business ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Orthoptic ,Visual screening ,Orthoptics - Abstract
Summary Purpose To evaluate the Spot Vision Screener (SVS) compared with the orthoptic examination for detection of amblyopia risk factors in preschools. Methods This prospective study included children with a visual screening organized by the department of “le” (PMI) in Cote d’Or (Burgundy, France), between June 2017 and April 2018. All children were evaluated with the SVS followed by a clinical orthoptic examination. Results with the SVS were compared with those obtained by clinical orthoptic examination. Results A total of 1236 subjects were included in the study from 100 preschools. The mean age of the children was 3.6 ± 0.7 years, and 627 were female (50.7%). The orthoptic examination detected 308 (24.9%) children with subnormal visual acuity for age in one eye or both. In children with a history of prematurity, the orthoptic examination was more frequently abnormal (P = 0.002), which was not seen with the SVS (P = 0.050). The SVS screened 20 (1.6%) children with strabismus, while 40 (3.2%) were detected by orthoptic examination. At the end of the screening, the SVS detected 182 (14.7%) suspect patients while 311 (25.1%) suspect patients were detected after the orthoptic examination. Comparing SVS with orthoptic examination, agreement was fair (κ = 0.4). Conclusion The SVS can be a useful device for visual screening, but agreement with the orthoptic examination was only fair. The Spot vision screener should be used in conjunction with a clinical orthoptic examination. more...
- Published
- 2020
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49. Rapid Visual Screening of Building for Potential Ground Movement in Kalirejo, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta
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Amir Machmud, Rahmad Junaidi, Rizqi Prastowo, and Sely Novita Sari
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evaluation ,rvs ,Landslide ,fractures ,Field survey ,buildings ,ground movement ,lcsh:Education (General) ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Forensic engineering ,Environmental science ,lcsh:L7-991 ,Visual screening ,lcsh:Physics ,Ground movement - Abstract
Landslides are the biggest threat in the Kalirejo area. The dynamics of land movements in the mountains often cause cracks and potentially collapse. Landslides due to land fractures caused building damage. This study aimed to analyze the condition of a simple building on the influence of land fracture. The method used was conducting a field survey of existing buildings in the Kalirejo area. The data of the surveys were the percentage of building damage and building categorization. From the results of the analysis, the percentages of buildings in the safe category were 78 buildings or 54.17%, the buildings of the unsafe category were 51 buildings or 35.42%, and buildings with the unsafe category were 15 buildings out of 144 surveyed building with the percentage of 10.42%. Based on the results of the analysis using the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method, 15 buildings with unsafe conditions need to be relocated because they do not use the minimum structure required for simple buildings while the 51 buildings with unsafe conditions, repairs must be made to the structure according to the minimum requirements of simple buildings more...
- Published
- 2020
50. A comparison of visual outcomes at age 8 years in children detected by pre-school screening with those detected at reception screening
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Carol Y. Buckley and Allyson M. Perkins
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Pre-school ,School ,Visual defects ,Visual outcome ,Visual screening ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Aim: To compare the effectiveness of screening for visual defects in a cohort of pre-school children (3–3.5 years) versus screening in primary school children (4–5.25 years). Specifically we compared the numbers attending in each group and the visual outcomes at age 8 years. Methods: The design was an observational prospective cohort study comparing children screened and treated in two age groups on visual outcome in the worse seeing eye at 8 years of age. The cohorts were matched for socio-economic status by area of residence. A positive outcome was defined as an improvement in vision of 0.3 logMAR or more in the worse seeing eye from the baseline visual acuity to final follow-up. Results: In the pre-school group, 414 (52.3%) children were screened out of 792 invitees. In the school group, 785 (94.9%) children were screened out of 827 invitees. Sensitivity and specificity of the screening were similar for the two groups, but the increased uptake at school enabled many more children to be screened. After treatment, a positive outcome in the worse seeing eye was achieved in 18 of 42 children (43%) of the pre-school group and in 41 of 84 children (49%) of the school group. Conclusion: Our study suggests that it may be better to screen children at school because it is much easier to achieve coverage of the population. Visual outcome at age 8 years appears to be similar in children screened at pre-school age and those screened at school. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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