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Background: Digital devices significantly contribute to vision-related problems. In addition, prolonged postural imbalance, owing to excessive use of digital devices, can lead to the tightening of head and neck muscles, resulting in neck pain, a common musculoskeletal discomfort that significantly affects individuals with poor vision. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and interrelationships of screen time, visual disorders, and neck pain among students at Majmaah University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia, enrolling students aged 18 to 25 years. Exclusion criteria included neurological or musculoskeletal disorders. Demographic data and information on visual and neck pain symptoms were collected. The Neck Disability Index questionnaire was used to assess neck pain, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Among 263 participants, 53.6% were female. Nearsightedness (38.0%) and dry/itchy eyes (49.0%) were the most common visual disorders and symptoms, respectively. Visual disorders were prevalent in 62.0% of students, while neck pain was reported by 79.5%. Females and those studying for more than 5 h using electronic screens daily reported higher neck disability index scores. A significant association was found between >5 h of study duration [screen time] and neck disability (OR 3.703, 95% CI 1.500–9.144, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The study highlights a relationship between visual problems and neck pain among university students, emphasizing the need for addressing vision-related issues to reduce neck discomfort. High screen time could substantially increase the odds of developing neck disability. However, authors warrant cautious interpretation in the light of following limitations: cross-sectional study, small sample size, lack of statistical power, and self-reported data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are benign brain tumors accounting for 5 - 11% of intracranial tumors in children. These tumors often recur and can cause severe morbidity. Postoperative radiotherapy efficiently controls and prevents progression and recurrence. Despite advancements in neurosurgery, endocrinological, visual, and neuropsychological complications are common and significantly lower the quality of life of patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study, including all patients younger than sixteen diagnosed with CP between July 1989 and August 2022 and followed up in Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles. Results: Nineteen children with CP were included, with median age of 7 years at first symptoms and 7.5 at diagnosis. Common symptoms at diagnosis were increased intracranial pressure (63%), visual impairment (47%), growth failure (26%), polyuria/polydipsia (16%), and weight gain (10.5%). As clinical signs at diagnosis, growth failure was observed in 11/18 patients, starting with a median lag of 1 year and 4 months before diagnosis. On ophthalmological examination, 27% of patients had papillary edema and 79% had visual impairment. When visual disturbances were found, the average preoperative volume was higher (p=0.039). Only 6/19 patients had gross total surgical resection. After the first neurosurgery, 83% experienced tumor recurrence or progression at a median time of 22 months. Eleven patients (73%) underwent postsurgical radiotherapy. At diagnosis, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was the most frequent endocrine deficit (8/17) and one year post surgery, AVP deficiency was the most frequent deficit (14/17). Obesity was present in 13% of patients at diagnosis, and in 40% six months after surgery. There was no significant change in body mass index over time (p=0.273) after the first six months post-surgery. Conclusion: CP is a challenging brain tumor that requires multimodal therapy and lifelong multidisciplinary follow-up including hormonal substitution therapy. Early recognition of symptoms is crucial for prompt surgical management. The management of long-term sequelae and morbidity are crucial parts of the clinical path of the patients. The results of this study highlight the fundamental importance of carrying out a complete assessment (ophthalmological, endocrinological, neurocognitive) at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up so that patients can benefit from the best possible care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionCraniopharyngiomas (CPs) are benign brain tumors accounting for 5 - 11% of intracranial tumors in children. These tumors often recur and can cause severe morbidity. Postoperative radiotherapy efficiently controls and prevents progression and recurrence. Despite advancements in neurosurgery, endocrinological, visual, and neuropsychological complications are common and significantly lower the quality of life of patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study, including all patients younger than sixteen diagnosed with CP between July 1989 and August 2022 and followed up in Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles.ResultsNineteen children with CP were included, with median age of 7 years at first symptoms and 7.5 at diagnosis. Common symptoms at diagnosis were increased intracranial pressure (63%), visual impairment (47%), growth failure (26%), polyuria/polydipsia (16%), and weight gain (10.5%). As clinical signs at diagnosis, growth failure was observed in 11/18 patients, starting with a median lag of 1 year and 4 months before diagnosis. On ophthalmological examination, 27% of patients had papillary edema and 79% had visual impairment. When visual disturbances were found, the average preoperative volume was higher (p=0.039). Only 6/19 patients had gross total surgical resection. After the first neurosurgery, 83% experienced tumor recurrence or progression at a median time of 22 months. Eleven patients (73%) underwent postsurgical radiotherapy. At diagnosis, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was the most frequent endocrine deficit (8/17) and one year post surgery, AVP deficiency was the most frequent deficit (14/17). Obesity was present in 13% of patients at diagnosis, and in 40% six months after surgery. There was no significant change in body mass index over time (p=0.273) after the first six months post-surgery.ConclusionCP is a challenging brain tumor that requires multimodal therapy and lifelong multidisciplinary follow-up including hormonal substitution therapy. Early recognition of symptoms is crucial for prompt surgical management. The management of long-term sequelae and morbidity are crucial parts of the clinical path of the patients. The results of this study highlight the fundamental importance of carrying out a complete assessment (ophthalmological, endocrinological, neurocognitive) at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up so that patients can benefit from the best possible care.

Background. The article is devoted to the topical problem of socio-psychological adaptation of adults with disabilities. One of the person’s socio-psychological adaptation parameters is the success of self-determination in a social environment, which can be reflected in such indicators as acceptance of oneself and others, responsibility, internality. Limited health opportunities (disabilities) are considered as conditions that determine the specifics of personality development, difficulties in the formation of personal identity. Self-attitude can act as one of the factors significant for the person’s socio-psychological adaptation since it determines the style of his/her interaction with society and behavioral options. Objective. The study had its purpose to determine the characteristics of self-attitude and individual typological qualities of adults with various types of dysontogenesis, to explore the connection of these features with adaptation parameters. Methods. To study implemented the Methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation by K. Rogers and R. Diamond, adapted by A.K. Osnitsky; Individual Typological Questionnaire by L.N. Sobchik; Self-Attitude Test Questionnaire by V.V. Stolin, S.R. Pantileev. Sample. 75 people participated in the study: 24 people with mobility disabilities, 19 people with severe speech disorders, 20 people with visual impairments, 12 people with hearing impairments. The mean age of respondents was 34 years. Results. Self-attitude of adults with disabilities is characterized by low self-confidence, lack of expectation of a positive attitude towards oneself in society, and lack of self-understanding. Research results demonstrated, that adaptation parameters such as self-acceptance, non-acceptance of self, acceptance of others, and external control were outside the average normative values. The severity of different individual typological properties among respondents of different groups indicates the presence of accentuated traits in them. The data analysis revealed simultaneously quite high average indicators of leadership qualities, activity and introversion, self-doubt, and anxiety in the groups with mobility disabilities and visual impairments. Conclusion. Self-attitude of adults with various types of dysontogenesis is characterized by insufficient self-confidence, lack of expectation of a positive attitude towards oneself in society, lack of self-understanding. Their adaptation is characterized by compensatory overestimated self-acceptance and internal control. The presence of accentuated traits in a large part of respondents can be considered as a risk factor for adaptation.

Background: There has been limited exploration of the relationship between ADHD and vision impairment, especially in relation to ADHD medication regimens and age. This study aims to examine trends in visual disorders in young patients with ADHD. Methods: We analyzed deidentified patient records from TriNetX database. Patients under 22 years old were divided into cohorts based on ADHD status and medication regimen. We compared prevalence of vision disorders between cohorts. Results: We studied over 1 million patients. The ADHD cohort had higher rates of all visual disorders than their non-ADHD peers. Medication usage was found to have a slight impact, with non-stimulants associating with higher rates for all outcomes. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the higher occurrence of visual disorders in ADHD is not primarily due to misdiagnosis or medication effects. There is a need for regular eye care in ADHD patients and further investigation into the role of ADHD medications in eye health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Organized hematoma in the sphenoid sinus is rare, but serious complications, such as visual deficits, can occur. Three such case reports have been published previously in the literature; however, none have achieved complete recovery of the vision. Case presentation: A 69-year-old male patient was referred to the ear, nose, and throat department with an expansile soft tissue mass filling the right sphenoid sinus and blurry vision in his right eye. Complete mass removal was achieved by a wide opening of the sphenoid sinus via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, followed by cauterization of the feeding artery and coverage by a nasoseptal flap. The patient's vision was restored after the operation, and he declared no visual symptoms until the latest follow-up (one year after the surgery). Conclusions: Complete excision with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach can restore visual deterioration caused by a sphenoid sinus organized hematoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess accommodative function in non‐presbyopic individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) without any signs of retinopathy, to determine the existence of possible accommodative disorders related to this disease, and to determine the influence of T1D duration and glycosylated haemoglobin values on accommodative function. Methods: This comparative, cross‐sectional study included 60 participants between 11 and 39 years old, 30 with T1D and 30 controls, with no previous eye surgery, ocular disease or medication that could affect the results of the visual examination. Amplitude of accommodation (AA), negative and positive relative accommodation (NRA and PRA), accommodative response (AR) and accommodative facility (AF) were assessed using the tests that showed the highest repeatability. Participants were classified based on normative values into 'insufficiency, excess or normal results', and a diagnosis of accommodative disorders (accommodative insufficiency, accommodative infacility and accommodative excess) was made. Results: Participants with T1D had statistically significant lower AA and AF and higher NRA values than the controls. Furthermore, AA was significantly and inversely correlated with age and the duration of diabetes; however, AF and NRA were only correlated with disease duration. In the classification by accommodative variables, a higher percentage of 'insufficiency values' was observed in the T1D group (50%) than in the control group (6%; p < 0.001). In terms of accommodative disorders, accommodative infacility was the most prevalent (15%), followed by accommodative insufficiency (10%). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that T1D affects most accommodative parameters, with accommodative insufficiency being associated with this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine whether patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), without any sign of diabetic retinopathy, have any alteration in Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF), in relation to patients without this disease, and whether CSF assessment in three different light conditions can be an effective test in the early detection of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study was preformed including 80 patients (40 with T1DM without diabetic retinopathy and 40 controls) between 11 and 47 years old. CSF was assessed at four spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles/degree) using the CSV-1000E test, under three light conditions: high (550 lx), medium (200 lx) and low (< 2 lx). Results: A lower CSF in the T1DM group was found at the three light conditions studied. The most spatial frequency affected was 18 cpd, 0.08 log units (p = 0.048) in high, 0.10 log units (p = 0.010) in medium (p = 0.010) and 0.16 log units (p < 0.001) in low-light conditions in mean CS values. The least spatial frequency affected was 3 cpd (p > 0.05 in all three light conditions). Conclusion: Patients with T1DM, without diabetic retinopathy, presented a loss of CS to sine-wave gratings, with respect to people with the same characteristics without the disease, mainly at medium and high frequencies, and in medium and low-light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to assess the organizational effectiveness of ophthalmic observation of premature infants in pediatric follow-up in St. Petersburg. Material and methods. We analyzed the reports submitted by city interdistrict ophthalmological facilities for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the observation department for premature infants for the period from July 1, 2018 to July 1, 2021 available at the children's multidisciplinary hospital. Results. In St. Petersburg, 6 interdistrict ophthalmological facilities perform regular monitoring of ROP children and a daytime in-patient clinic offers interdisciplinary treatment and early rehabilitation of infants with perinatal pathology accompanying severe prematurity. The data on the frequency of ROP and other visual disorders in children born prematurely are presented. Conclusions. Interdistrict observation facilities are a modern form of regular ophthalmic follow-up of premature infants of risk groups or ROP infants who live in conditions of a large city. A promising observation model of children with combined perinatal pathology and severe prematurity is the setting of a department (daytime in-patient facility) in the children's multidisciplinary hospital. This allows assessing the general health of this critical group of population" and ensure a timely start of combined interdisciplinary treatment and medical rehabilitation.

Background: Organized hematoma in the sphenoid sinus is rare, but serious complications, such as visual deficits, can occur. Three such case reports have been published previously in the literature; however, none have achieved complete recovery of the vision. Case presentation: A 69-year-old male patient was referred to the ear, nose, and throat department with an expansile soft tissue mass filling the right sphenoid sinus and blurry vision in his right eye. Complete mass removal was achieved by a wide opening of the sphenoid sinus via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, followed by cauterization of the feeding artery and coverage by a nasoseptal flap. The patient’s vision was restored after the operation, and he declared no visual symptoms until the latest follow-up (one year after the surgery). Conclusions: Complete excision with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach can restore visual deterioration caused by a sphenoid sinus organized hematoma.

Background Blepharoplasty has both aesthetic and functional benefits in patients with pseudoptosis; however, previous studies could not demonstrate its beneficial effects quantitatively and objectively. The authors objectively analyzed the visual field before and after surgery and investigated whether measurements of the visual field can be applied as a suitable predictor of surgical outcomes. Methods In total, 18 eyelids in nine patients with pseudoptosis who had undergone simple skin excision blepharoplasty were evaluated prospectively from February to May 2016. The visual fields were analyzed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using the Goldmann kinetic perimetry test. The visual field test area was assessed using Adobe Photoshop. Results Blepharoplasty had an average 4.99-fold beneficial effect on the superior visual field. In particular, more improvement was seen in the superior temporal quadrant than in the nasal quadrant. No correlation was found between the preoperative margin-to-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and the surgical outcome (P=0.119). However, there was a strong correlation between the preoperative superior visual field and the surgical outcome (P=0.001). Conclusions Using the Goldmann kinetic perimetry test, we objectively and quantitatively proved the beneficial effect of blepharoplasty on patients with pseudoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the preoperative visual field is a better preoperative surgical outcome predictive factor than the preoperative MRD1.

Purpose The aim of this study was to review the available scientific literature on the possible relationship between the visual system and motor development in children. Methods: This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement recommendations. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42021245341). Four different databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science, were assessed from April 2005 to February 2021. To determine the quality of the articles, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Quality Appraisal Scale, and a protocol was followed to define the levels of evidence on the basis of the Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The search strategy included terms describing motor development in children and adolescents with visual disorders. Results: Among the identified studies, 23 were included in the study. All selected articles examined the relationship between the visual system and development in children. The quality of most of the studies was moderate–high, and they were between evidence levels 2 and 4. Conclusions: Our systematic review revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and development in children. However, the methods for measuring the visual system and motor skills lacked uniformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 250,000 visually impaired people were registered in Korea in 2021, and eye diseases are often accompanied by various systemic diseases. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology, causative disease, and rehabilitation treatment for visually impaired and low-vision patients. Current Concepts: Visual impairment ranges from blindness in one eye to total blindness. Low vision refers to the visual acuity of 0.3 to 0.05 in the better eye, and the visual field is narrowed to less than 10 degrees. The common causes of visual impairment eye disorders include macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic maculopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, and congenital diseases. Among them, macular degeneration has been increasing significantly in recent years. If the disability is not changed, it is difficult to improve vision through treatment. The aim of treatment should be to retain the remaining visual function through the low vision aids for the visually impaired person. Discussion and Conclusion: Although various visual aids are being distributed, medical insurance coverage does not align with the need for improvement. Like other disabilities, multidisciplinary approaches to the visually impaired people are necessary. In addition, awareness of low vision should be improved so that there are no visually impaired and low vision people who are placed in a blind spot and suffer inconvenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elderly patients may present with visual function impairment after surgery, which may increase the incidence of postoperative delirium and falls and decrease their quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess visual function in elderly patients after long-duration nonocular surgery to determine the incidence and risk factors for visual function impairment after surgery. Methods: This prospective and observational study included patients aged between 60 and 80 years who had been scheduled for elective nonocular surgery expected to last longer than 120 minutes under general anesthesia. Ocular examinations were performed before surgery, on postoperative day 3 and on postoperative day 21 and consisted of a LogMAR-Snellen chart test, a Jager chart test, biomicroscopy, optical tonometry, ocular motility assessment and fundoscopy. Baseline characteristics of all patients as well as intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Results: A total of 107 patients were included in the final analysis. Visual function impairment was diagnosed in 21 patients (19.6%) at POD 3. Of those, 7 patients (6.5%) still presented with visual changes at POD 21. On POD 3, compared with that at baseline, visual acuity assessed by the Snellen chart test had decreased in these patients. Significant differences regarding refraction tests and intraocular pressure measures were also found. Multivariable analysis identified diabetes mellitus, duration of surgery, hypotension during anesthesia induction, lower peripheral oxygen saturation at the end of the procedure and body mass index as independent risk factors for postoperative visual impairment. Conclusion: In elderly patients undergoing long-duration nonocular procedures under general anesthesia, the incidence of visual function impairment was considerably high. Most patients recovered to baseline visual function, but clinically significant visual changes may still be present 3 weeks after surgery. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and the duration of surgical and anesthetic techniques appear to increase the risk of visual impairment after surgery.

This report describes a case of anisocoria in a Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo). A Eurasian eagle owl was presented to the rehabilitation center of general department of environment of Lorestan province. The owl had been found by an environmental ranger; it was unable to fly. On clinical examination the bird was mildly dehydrated, its attitude was dull and had ruffled feather. Clinical examination, whole body radiograph and different laboratory diagnoses were made to identify all abnormalities. Initial treatment included subcutaneous administration of 5 ml lactated Ringer's solution, and 0·5 mg/kg meloxicam administered orally once daily. On the next day, by covering of either eye separately, the ability of bird to react to different stimuli was measured which revealed that right eye vision is impaired. Ocular examination also revealed a dilated right pupil (anisocoria in the right eye). The left pupil had a normal diameter for the ambient illumination. The ophthalmic examination indicated normal lens, vitreous, retinas and optic nerves. The eyelids, corneas and irises were also normal. Ten days after presentation, all clinical signs had resolved and the owl showed no clinical abnormalities, although anisocoria remained in the right eye. Based on the history, physical examination and radiograph previous trauma was suspected. This is the first report of anisocoria in an immature Eurasian eagle owl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and quality of life (QOL) in people with visual impairments. Methods: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. Observational studies describing the relationship between physical activity and QOL in adults with visual impairments were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: Overall, 327 studies were identified, and eight met the inclusion criteria. All studies had cross-sectional designs and seven were performed in developed countries. Physical activity was assessed objectively by one study, and five studies used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire was the most used instrument to measure QOL. Six studies reported a positive relationship between physical activity and QOL domains, as follows: life satisfaction, activity limitation, fair or poor health, physically and mentally unhealthy days, psychological health, and overall QOL. Conclusion: People with visual impairments who are engaged in physical activity are more likely to have better QOL outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection has now become a routine procedure for retina specialists throughout the world. Easy availability of this monoclonal antibody molecule even in Nepal has brought a revolution in the management of various retinal diseases. This study aims to find out the prevalence of the use of intravitreal Bevacizumab for retinal diseases at the tertiary eye hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the retina department at a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 after obtaining ethical clearance from Nepal Health Research Council (Ref: 125/2020P). The sample size was calculated and the study enrolled all patients who received intravitreal Bevacizumab for retinal diseases using convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Version 21. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated, along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: Out of 959 total surgical retinal interventions done 296 (30.86%) at 95% Confidence Interval (27.93-33.78) patients received intravitreal Bevacizumab. Out of total intravitreal Bevacizumab injections, 143 (36.7%) injections were given to retinal vein occlusions patients, 127 (32.6%) injections were given to diabetic retinopathy patients and 66 (17%) injections was given to age-related macular degeneration patients. Males 176 (59.5%) outnumbered the females 120 (40.5%) in receiving intravitreal Bevacizumab. Mean baseline Logarithm of the Minimal Angle of Resolution visual acuity, 1.1, improved to, 0.75, after 3 months of intravitreal Bevacizumab. Conclusions: Intravitreal Bevacizumab was one of the commonest retinal interventions used. Retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were the commonest retinal diseases needing intravitreal Bevacizumab.

Introduction: Few studies have examined the psychological and mental health effects of visual impairments (i.e., blindness and low vision) on youths. Our objectives were to describe the behavioral and emotional profile of students with visual impairments, compare the BASC-2 composite scores for youths with visual impairments with the normative data to determine if significant differences exist, and compare the BASC-2 scores of students categorized as having low vision with students categorized as being totally blind. Methods: A total of 63 students with visual impairments entering a state school for the deaf and blind between 2012 and 2017 had a parent complete the BASC-2 Parent Rating Scale as part of the intake procedure. A retrospective study was conducted to determine patterns of emotional and behavioral strengths and weaknesses in students with low vision and blindness. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Wilcoxon Rank Sums test were performed to test for differences between children who are blind and children with low vision. Results: Students with visual impairments showed higher levels of clinical symptoms such as anxiety and withdrawal. Statistically significant higher deficits were detected for the students with visual impairments on the Behavioral Symptoms Index and Internalizing Problems composites and significant lower differences for the Adaptive Skills and Externalizing Problems composites compared to the BASC-2 normative sample. When compared with youths with low vision, students who are blind had statistically significant scores (i.e., deficits) for adaptive skills and resiliency. Discussion: Our results suggest that a substantial proportion of students with visual impairments may experience more emotional and behavioral difficulties than the average youth while lacking the adaptive skills to manage their conduct adequately. Implications for practitioners: Professionals working with youths with visual impairments face a number of daunting challenges, since the conditions under the visually impaired umbrella are heterogeneous, and variation exists within a statistically low-incidence disability category. Therefore, those who work with youths with visual impairments have to apply various and unique methods to understand, train, teach, rehabilitate, or counsel these youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the EORTC 1410/INTELLANCE 2 randomised, phase II study (NCT02343406), with the antibody–drug conjugate depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux-M, ABT-414) in patients with recurrent EGFR-amplified glioblastoma, the primary end-point (overall survival) was not met, and the drug had ocular dose-limiting toxicity. This study reports results from the prespecified health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and neurological deterioration-free survival (NDFS) exploratory analysis. Patients (n = 260) were randomised 1:1:1 to receive either Depatux-M 1.25 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks with oral temozolomide (TMZ) 150 mg/m2, Depatux-M alone, or TMZ or oral lomustine (CCNU) 110 mg/m2 (TMZ/CCNU). HRQoL outcomes were recorded using the EORTC core Quality of Life QLQ-C30, and brain cancer-specific QLQ-BN20 questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed at baseline, weeks 8 and 16, and month 6, and changes from baseline to each time point were calculated. NDFS was defined as time to first deterioration in World Health Organisation performance status. Compliance with HRQoL was 88.1% at baseline and decreased to 37.9% at month 6. Differences from baseline between Depatux-M arms and TMZ/CCNU in global health/QoL status throughout treatment did not reach clinical relevance (≥10 points). Self-reported visual disorders deteriorated to a clinically relevant extent with Depatux-M arms versus TMZ/CCNU at all timepoints (mean differences range: 24.6–35.1 points). Changes from baseline for other HRQoL scales and NDFS were generally similar between treatment arms. Depatux-M had no impact on HRQoL and NDFS in patients with EGFR-amplified recurrent glioblastoma, except for more visual disorders, an expected side-effect of the study drug. NCT02343406. • Clinically relevant increases in self-reported visual disorders with Depatux-M. • Similar health-related quality of life scores between Depatux-M and standard care. • Neurological deterioration-free survival was similar between treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Methanol poisoning (MP) is a serious health issue that has become more prevalent in recent years and has resulted in numerous deaths. Early detection and timely treatment are critical for preventing fatalities and reducing the incidence of neurological complications. This study was designed as a retrospective investigation with the purpose of analyzing the clinico-epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of patients who were admitted to two training hospitals in northern Iran due to MP. The selection of samples for this study was based on a pre-defined checklist. Following the completion of the treatment period in the hospital, the patients were categorized into three groups based on their clinical outcome. All relevant variables for each group were recorded and reported separately, using the SciPy library in the Python programming language. The majority of the patients (88.12%) were male (P=0.012), the average age was 41.46, and mostly (82.18%) lived in urban regions (P=0.025). The primary clinical complaint reported was visual disorders, accounting for 75.25% of the cases, followed by nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and chest pain accordingly. The average hospitalization length for the patients was 5.065 days. Out of the 101 patients, 65 (64.36%) were discharged without any complications, 17 (16.83%) were discharged with complications, and unfortunately, 19 (18.81%) were died. A decreased level of consciousness and severe metabolic acidosis are commonly associated with unfavorable outcomes in MP. The use of systemic corticosteroids as a treatment method has a significant association with reducing mortality rates. • Methanol poisoning is a serious health issue. • Decrease in level of consciousness, and severe metabolic acidosis are strongly linked to unfavorable outcomes in methanol poisoning. • Timely treatment are critical for preventing fatalities and reducing of neurological complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visual defects have dramatic effects on health, self-esteem, and educational function of students, and delayed diagnosis will cause complications, like academic failure and psychologic disorders. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ocular disorders in Iranian students in a systematic review. Methods: We searched databases, including PubMed, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, and Iranmedex using the following keywords in Persian and English: disorders, vision, amblyopia, refractive errors, astigmatism, student, and Iran with all the possible combinations, important, chief, and sensitive words. Search resulted in 28 articles, conducted during a period from 1996 to 2014 in Iran and their data was analyzed using meta-analysis and random effects model. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 index, and data was finally analyzed with R Software and STATA (Version 11.2). Results: Total number of subjects in the study was 1,117,274, aged 2 to 18 years. The prevalence of disorders related to amblyopia, refractive error, and strabismus was 8%, 7% and 1%, respectively. The greatest amount of refractive error was related to astigmatism (19%) followed by myopia (17%). Conclusion: According to the study results, the prevalence of visual disorders among Iranian students indicated the critical necessity of screening programs for prevention of visual disorders in this age group

Visual disorders are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in older patients. The main objective was to evaluate the percentage of patients having an ophthalmological follow-up corresponding to the recommendations of the Syndicat national des ophtalmologistes de France (SNOF). This prospective observational multicentre study included all patients aged 65 years or older presenting to their general practitioner in two medical practices from May to October 2021. Of the 113 patients included, 86 (76,1 %) had adequate ophthalmological follow-up, 14 consulted an ophthalmologist, and a therapeutic decision was made for nine patients. Follow-up of patients was generally as recommended. Screening for visual disorders for patients with no recent follow-up was beneficial. This screening must be integrated into a global approach, as the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) of the World Health Organization (WHO), in order to be more relevant and effective.

Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), carried and spread by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), causes a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) called nephropathia epidemica (NE). Acute high fever, acute kidney injury (AKI), thrombocytopenia, and hematuria are typical features of this syndrome. In addition, headache, blurred vision, insomnia, vertigo, and nausea are commonly associated with the disease. This review explores the mechanisms and presentations of ocular and central nervous system involvement in acute NE.

Background: Although the abnormal venous drainage into the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) is a well-known entity responsible for ocular symptoms, it remains unclear to what degree it affects the visual function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of the visual disorders in patients with intracranial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with venous drainage into the SOV. Methods: This retrospective study involved eight patients diagnosed with intracranial AVFs with abnormal venous drainage into the SOV between January 2014 and December 2016. Results: The most common location of AVF was the cavernous sinus (CS) in five patients, followed by the intraorbit in two patients and superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in one patient. Visual disorders were detected in three patients (two intraorbit and one CS). The visual field contraction was observed in a patient with intraorbital AVF, and the reduction of visual acuity was confirmed in another patient with intraorbital AVF and a patient with CS dural AVF. All patients underwent an interventional treatment consisting of endovascular embolisation, stereotactic radiosurgery or both, which was selected based on their angioarchitecture. Although angiographic cure of AVF was confirmed in all patients, visual function did not fully recover in two patients with intraorbital AVF. Conclusions: In cases of intraorbital AVF, visual disorders are more frequent and can result in poorer outcomes compared with other dural AVFs with drainage into the SOV. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preserve the visual function of patients with intraorbital AVF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: posture is the basis of movements. The postural control responds to proper maintenance of the body's configuration. This configuration depends intrinsically on the sensory systems involved in the reception of the information. The visual system is responsible for approximately 80% of sensory perception and most of our movements are controlled by our eyes. Objectives: to identify non-strabismic binocular dysfunction that could be present in the population under study and its possible relationship with the static baropodometrics variables. Material and method: the study presented is analytical, observational, transversal, cross-association. The sample consis ted of 70 subjects (44 women and 26 males). The average age of the subjects was 38 ± 14 (18 – 62) years, the average body mass index of the sample was 25.91 ± 4.79 (17.49 – 38.48). We conducted an optometric study of binocular vision and static baropodométric to all subjects included in the study. Results: between the subjects within the standard for those who presented values outside the norm, in the variables that describe the status of the binocular function, statistically significant differences were found in the static baropodometrics variables: load of the left and right forefoot and hindfoot, overall surface of left and right foot, forefoot surface and left and right hindfoot, maximum left and right pressure, left and right middle pressure, right breech angle and left and right Fick angle. Conclusions: according to the results obtained in our study, there is a relationship between static baropodometrics variables and those that define the state of binocular vision. More research is needed to identifie the meaning of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marilita M Moschos, Eirini Nitoda 1st Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Aim: The aim of this review was to summarize the ocular action of the most common phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and the subsequent visual disorders.Method: This is a literature review of several important articles focusing on the pathophysiology of visual disorders induced by PDE inhibitors.Results: PDE inhibitors have been associated with ocular side effects, including changes in color vision and light perception, blurred vision, transient alterations in electroretinogram (ERG), conjunctival hyperemia, ocular pain, and photophobia. Sildenafil and tadalafil may induce reversible increase in intraocular pressure and be involved in the development of nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Reversible idiopathic serous macular detachment, central serous chorioretinopathy, and ERG disturbances have been related to the significant impact of sildenafil and tadalafil on retinal perfusion.Discussion: So far, PDE inhibitors do not seem to cause permanent toxic effects on chorioretinal tissue and photoreceptors. However, physicians should write down any visual symptom observed during PDE treatment and refer the patients to ophthalmologists. Keywords: erectile dysfunction, pathophysiological mechanisms, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, PDE5, visual disorders

Background: Participation is defined as involvement in life situations leading to skill development, experimentation, and socialization. Children with visual impairment seem to be at risk because of their limitations when it comes to taking part in daily activities. This study aimed to compare the participation in life habits of children with blindness with their normal peers. Methods: This study is quantitative, cross-sectional, and comparative, and used convenience sampling for a pilot study. Eleven children with blindness and nine normal children were evaluated with a life-habit questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software with the Mann-Whitney statistical test. Results: There are meaningful differences between these two groups in overall participation, nutrition, communication, participation at home, mobility, responsibility, interpersonal relationships, education, and recreation. No statistical differences in health, personal care, social life, and work were obtained. Conclusion: Blind children had lower participation in most areas of life habits compared to their normal peers. The differences can be attributed to differences in the necessary education and training, differences in the social contexts of both groups, and also hearing loss in some children, and improper items for activity according to the age of these children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of children and adolescents with low vision on the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), in different age groups. The PBS was administered to 41 subjects, aged 5 to 14 years, with low vision and no other associated disorders. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation between age and the score achieved on the scale. There was a correlation of 0.52 between the score obtained on the PBS and the age. The variation of score was greater in children between 5 to 7 years and minimal in older age groups. The maximum score was obtained by all the subjects on six items of the scale. The PBS score had significant correlation with age up to a point, reaching ceiling effect on various items. It showed to be an easy application screening tool in children and adolescents with low vision, being more suitable for children 5-7 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between conditions of accommodative visual dysfunctions and cervical complaints. Fifty‐two participants were included. Variables were accommodative amplitude, positive and negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodative response, and accommodative facility. Subjects were classified as accommodative insufficiency, accommodative excess, or normal. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, the Visual Analogue Scale, and by cervical range of motion, deep flexor muscle activation score, and performance index. We found the following significant relationships: between NRA and both performance index and left‐side bending; accommodative amplitude right‐eye with right‐side bending and with left‐side bending; accommodative amplitude left‐eye with right‐side bending; and accommodative facility left‐eye with both performance index and left‐side bending. In accommodative amplitude right‐eye, aIl participants showed significant values and greater than those with accommodative excess. In both groups, performance index values were decreased. Greater pain and lower right‐rotation were found in participants with accommodative excess than in those with accommodative insufficiency. We conclude that accommodative dysfunctions are related to low performance index, decreased range of motion, as well as greater neck pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To examine the association between vision impairment and all-cause hospitalization among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: A population-based study (N= 22,681) of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey for the years 2001–2007. Beneficiaries were classified into self-reported presence of vision impairment versus no vision impairment. Inpatient hospitalizations were identified using Medicare claims data. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model examined the association between presence of vision impairment and time to first hospitalization within 3 years of survey entry after adjusting for sociodemographics, comorbidities, hearing impairment, and activity limitation stages derived from difficulty performing the activities of daily living. Results: Medicare beneficiaries who self-reported the presence of vision impairment were significantly more likely to be hospitalized over 3 years compared to beneficiaries without vision impairment even after adjustment for potentially influential covariates (hazard ratio = 1.14 and 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.23). Conclusions: Medicare beneficiaries with self-reported vision impairment were at higher risk of hospitalization during a 3-year period. Further research may identify reasons that are amenable to policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multisensory processes permit combinations of several inputs, coming from different sensory systems, allowing for a coherent representation of biological events and facilitating adaptation to environment. For these reasons, their application in neurological and neuropsychological rehabilitation has been enhanced in the last decades. Recent studies on animals and human models have indicated that, on one hand multisensory integration matures gradually during post-natal life and development is closely linked to environment and experience and, on the other hand, that modality-specific information seems to do not benefit by redundancy across multiple sense modalities and is more readily perceived in unimodal than in multimodal stimulation. In this review, multisensory process development is analyzed, highlighting clinical effects in animal and human models of its manipulation for rehabilitation of sensory disorders. In addition, new methods of early intervention based on multisensory-based rehabilitation approach and their applications on different infant populations at risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities are discussed.