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This paper discusses the problem of autonomy of higher education institutions in the context of the current Draft Law on Amendments to the Law on Higher Education. The current situation in our higher education requires an analysis of precisely those proposed norms that regulate the work of higher education institutions that implement academic study programs in the field of theology of one of the traditional churches and religious communities. In addition, the need for such critical consideration, in itself, arises due to the undoubted and immeasurable social significance that service activity in higher education, by the nature of things, quite objectively possesses. Precisely for the stated reasons, this paper is dedicated to the critical analysis of the proposed proposed regulations, as well as to pointing out possible directions for overcoming similar problems in the future, in order to provide service activities in the field of higher education with much-needed stability.

Akademsko nepoštenje odnosi se na predstavljanje tuđega rada kao svojega, primjerice prepisivanje na ispitima, prepisivanje zadaća ili plagiranje. Akademskim nepoštenjem krše se etička načela da bi se postigao bolji uspjeh, a taj pedagoški problem tema je rasprave nastavnika, medija, javnosti i kreatora obrazovne politike, a malo je istraživanja o tom pedagogijskom problemu koji se očituje u skrivenom kurikulumu u kulturi visokoškolske institucije. Način se varanja promijenio, didaktički se može govoriti o tradicionalnim (šalabahter, pisanje na rukama i nogama, napuštanje prostorije i sl.) i suvremenim metodama (korištenje mobilnih telefona, kalkulatora, MP3 uređaja, različitih bežičnih uređaja, pametnih telefona, olovaka s tintom koja postane vidljiva samo pod posebnim svjetlom, pametnih satova). Etički kodeks definira neprihvatljiva ponašanja u akademskoj zajednici, a u ovome radu studenata. Analiziraju se Etički kodeksi pet Sveučilišta u Republici Hrvatskoj te Sveu-čilišta dviju europskih zemalja te se iznose stavovi fokus grupe nastavnika o akademskom nepoštenju studenata u nastavi na Fakultetu za odgojne i obrazovne znanosti Sveučilišta u Osijeku. Nastavnici uočavaju varanje, iznose primjere i daju preporuke u sprječavanju akademskoga nepoštenja i to prepisivanje na ispitima, plagiranje ili krivotvorenje radova ili dijelova radova drugih osoba te iznošenje ideja drugih osoba kao vlastitih. Pristup nastavnika o akademskom nepoštenju studenata važan je kontekstualni čimbenik koji određuje pojavnost varanja u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu. Nastavnici trebaju biti uzori etičkoga ponašanja/akademske čestitosti da bi osvijestili studente i očekivali od njih poštivanje etičkih normi, a zlouporaba i kršenje etičkih načela trebaju biti strogo zabranjeni i imati sankcije. Pojedinac osobno odgovara za svoje akademski nepoštene radnje, a problem nepoštenja treba biti u središtu širega društvenoga konteksta.

The Republic of Croatia has adopted the National Roma Inclusion Strategy for the period 2013–2020. In the field of higher education, Croatia wants to “increase by 2020 the number of Roma minority members who complete higher education and those who continue postgraduate studies”. In most institutions of higher education, candidates are ranked on the basis of the success of their leaving exams (maturity diploma, državna matura), which is why members of the Roma population are virtually disqualified from enrollment. Under the conditions in which about 70 percent of the Roma children in Croatia do not finish primary education, and only 10 percent finish secondary education, the number of the Roma who are studying or have completed higher education is extremely low. Unemployment, poverty, income only from welfare, illiteracy, unresolved housing issue, inability to pay children transport to school, certainly affect the outcome of Roma education, but this does not diminish the responsibility of institutions in securing the right of every child to realise their full educational potential. The introduction of direct enrollment quotas for the Roma is therefore not only an ethical or technical, but a civilisation and existential issue and a direct contribution to the inclusion of the Roma and breaking the glass ceiling in the academic community and society.

Područje rada pripada marketingu visokog obrazovanja. Istraživanje čimbenika za odabir visokoobrazovne ustanove od strane studenata predstavlja temelj za donošenje marketinških odluka u visokoobrazovnoj ustanovi, a bez adekvatne marketinške strategije, visokoobrazovna ustanova će teško opstati na tržištu sa sve većom konkurencijom i sve većim izborom studijskih programa. Rezultati rada daju podlogu odabranoj visokoobrazovnoj ustanovi za postavljanje adekvatne marketinške strategije koja će se temeljiti na segmentaciji tržišta i pravilnom pozicioniranju. Rad se sastoji od pet dijelova i daje podlogu za daljnja istraživanja navedene problematike u Republici Hrvatskoj.

Područje rada pripada marketingu visokog obrazovanja. Istraživanje čimbenika za odabir visokoobrazovne ustanove od strane studenata predstavlja temelj za donošenje marketinških odluka u visokoobrazovnoj ustanovi, a bez adekvatne marketinške strategije, visokoobrazovna ustanova će teško opstati na tržištu sa sve većom konkurencijom i sve većim izborom studijskih programa. Rezultati rada daju podlogu odabranoj visokoobrazovnoj ustanovi za postavljanje adekvatne marketinške strategije koja će se temeljiti na segmentaciji tržišta i pravilnom pozicioniranju. Rad se sastoji od pet dijelova i daje podlogu za daljnja istraživanja navedene problematike u Republici Hrvatskoj.

Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije jeste primena instrumenata marketing miksa u oblasti visokog obrazovanja, kao i implikacije koje oni imaju na imidž visokoškolske ustanove i satisfakciju korisnika usluga visokoškolske ustanove. Cilj koji se želi ostvariti ovim istraživanjem jeste dolaženje do kvalitetnih i pouzdanih informacija o tome koliko je značajan uticaj svakog pojedinačnog instrumenata marketing miksa, kao i njihove kombinacije, na imidž visokoškolske ustanove i na satisfakciju studenata u visokoškolskim ustanovama. Metodologija istraživanja korišćena u radu je u skladu sa postavljenim hipotezama, kao i u saglasnosti sa osnovnom svrhom, predmetom i ciljevima istraživanja. Istraživanje je izvedeno metodom teorijske analize i empirijskim metodom tzv. istraživačkom metodom. Empirijska metoda istraživanja imala je osnovni cilj, a to je prikupljanje ĉinjenica o stvarnosti kao i njihova kasnija analiza. Empirijsko istraživanje realizovano je u tri faze: prikupljane podataka, sreñivanje podataka i obrada statističkim analizama. Metodom anketiranja prikupljeni su konkretni podaci i činjenice od strane ispitanika pismenim putem. Kao instrument istraživanja za prikupljanje podataka korišćen je nestandardizovan upitnik (u prilogu), specijalno konstruisan za dato istraživanje, sa pitanjima zatvorenog tipa. Potom je statističkim metodama izvršena analiza dobijenih podataka. Podaci su analizirani korišćenjem programa Excel, SPSS for Windows 17.0 i Statistika za obradu podataka. U analizi su korišćene sledeće metode: deskriptivna statistika (aritmetička sredina, standardna devijacija), jednosmerna analiza varijanse - ANOVA, korelaciona analiza (Pirsonov koeficijent korelacije) i regresiona analiza. Rezultati istraživanja izraženi su brojčano i prikazani tabelarno i grafički. Statističkim metodama došli smo do tačnog preseka stanja kao i preciznih rezultata uz pomoć kojih smo stekli jasnu sliku o nivou povezanosti instrumenata marketing miksa sa imidžom visokoškolske ustanove i satisfakcijom studenata i nivou uticaja instrumenata marketing miksa na imidž visokoškolske ustanove i satisfakciju studenata. Rezultati do kojih se došlo primenom ovih metoda komparirani su sa saznanjima dobijenih metodom teorijske analize i to je omogućilo izvoñenje potpunijih zaključaka i preporuka. Rezultatima dobijenim u istraživanju potvrñene su opšte hipoteze i utvrñena je, povezanost instrumenata marketing miksa sa imidžom visokoškolskih ustanova i povezanost instrumenata marketing miksa i satisfakcije studenata. Potvrñivanjem opštih hipoteza, u velikoj meri, je potvrñen i uticaj instrumenata marketing miksa na imidž visokoškolske ustanove (svi instrumenti marketing miksa osim cene i distribucije utiču na imidž visokoškolske ustanove) i uticaj instrumenata marketing miksa na satisfakciju studenta (svi instrumenti marketing miksa osim cene i promocije utiču na satisfakciju studenata). Istovremeno se ukazuje i na to koje instrumente i elemente je potrebno unapreñivati uopšte kako bi se visokoškolska ustanova bolje pozicionirala na tržištu obrazovanja. Sprovedenim istraživanjem se ukazuje na to da najveći uticaj na imidž visokoškolske ustanove ostvaruju: uslužni proces, promocija, uslužni proizvod, uslužni ambijent i ljudski faktor, dok na satisfakciju studenata najveći uticaj ostvaruju: uslužni proces, uslužni ambijent, uslužni proizvod, ljudski faktor i distribucija. Doktorskom disertacijom se ukazuje i na to šta je potrebno poboljšati na svakom od fakulteta koji se nalaze u sastavu Univerziteta Privredna akademija u Novom Sadu. Dolazi se do zaključka da je unapreñivanje imidža neophodno na Stomatološkom fakultetu u Pančevu i na Fakultetu za primenjeni menadžment u Beogradu. Na Stomatološkom fakultetu u Pančevu, prema dobijenim rezultatima, poboljšanje imidža se može postići unapreñivanjem promocije, ljudskog faktora i uslužnog ambijenta, a na Fakultetu za primenjeni menadžment u Beogradu je potrebno poboljšati promociju kako bi se poboljšao imidž fakulteta. Ocenjenost imidža na Pravnom fakultetu za privredu i pravosuñe u Novom Sadu i Fakultetu za ekonomiju i inženjerski menadžment u Novom Sadu je viša i ne postoji potreba za njegovim unapreñivanjem. Sledstveno dobijenim rezultatima u istraživanju, dolazi se do zaključka da je potrebno povećanje satisfakcije studenata Stomatološkog fakulteta u Pančevu i da će se ono postići poboljšanjem promocije, ljudskog faktora, uslužnog ambijenta i uslužnog procesa, dok je ocenjenost satisfakcije studenata viša na svim ostalim fakultetima koji se nalaze u sastavu Univerziteta Privredna akademija u Novom Sadu (Pravni fakultet za privredu i pravosuñe u Novom Sadu, Fakultet za ekonomiju i inženjerski menadžment u Novom Sadu i Fakultet za primenjeni menadžment u Beogradu) i ne postoji potreba za njenim unapreñivanjem. Istovremeno se dolazi do zaključaka da je za postizanje adekvatnog imidža ustanove neophodno poboljšati: mogućnost dobijanja stipendija i popusta, dostupnost adekvatnih informacija putem sajta, društvenih mreža i učenja na daljinu (DLS-a), izvoñenje konsultacije po rasporedu, bez odstupanja, mogućnost odlaska studenata na univerzitete u inostranstvu i kvalitet studenata koji upisuju fakultet. Takoñe, satisfakcija studenata će se povećati ukoliko se poboljša: dostupnost informacija putem sajta, društvenih mreža i učenja na daljinu (DLS-a), izvoñenje konsultacija po rasporedu, bez odstupanja, kvalitet studenata koji upisuju fakultet i motivacija studenata na učenje od strane nastavnika i saradnika. Naučni cilj istraživanja je postignut potvrñivanjem validnosti postavljenih hipoteze, te se na osnovu naučno utemeljenog istraživačkog procesa došlo do pouzdanih podataka u oblasti koja je nedovoljno istražena od strane drugih autora. Samim tim je naučna svrsishodnost i opravdanost ovog istraživanja nesumnjiva jer su se kroz jedno objedinjeno istraživanje obezbedila naučna saznanja, koja će biti relevantna za naredna naučna izučavanja ove oblasti. Društveni cilj disertacije postignut je dolaskom do pouzdanih podataka kojim se menadžmentu Univerziteta jasno ukazuje na to šta je neophodno poboljšati u poslovanju visokoškolske ustanove kako bi se ona bolje pozicionirala na tržištu obrazovanja. The scope of the research of the doctoral dissertation is the application of the instruments of the marketing mix in the higher education sector, as well as their implications on image of a higher education institution and student satisfaction. The aim of the research is to obtain quality reliable information to which extent each instrument of the marketing mix and their combinations affect higher education institutions and student satisfaction. The used research methodology was in accordance with the set hypotheses, as well as the basic purpose, scope and aims of the research. The research was conducted by using the method of theoretical analysis and the empirical method, i.e. the research method. The main goal of the empirical research method was to collect facts on reality as well as their further analysis. The empiricial research was realised in three stages: collecting the data, sorting out the data and processing the data by analysis. Concrete data and facts were obtained by a questionnaire in a written form. A nonstandardised questionnaire with closed-ended items (in the attachment) was used as a research instrument for collecting data, designed particularly for the given research. The data was analysed by using the statistical methods. The programmes used were Excel, SPSS for Windows 17.0 and Statistics for processing data. The following methods were used in the analysis: descriptive statistics (the arithmetic mean, standard deviation), one-way analysis of variance – ANOVA, correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) and regression analysis. The research results were presented numerically as well as in tables and graphically. The statistics methods provided an accurate overview as well as precise results which helped in acquiring a clear picture to which extent the instruments of the marketing mix are related to student satisfaction. The acquired results were compared to what was obtained by using the theoretical analysis method which enabled more complete conclusions and suggestions. The obtained results confirmed the general hypothesis and the relation between the instruments of the marketing mix and image of the higher education institutions and the relation of the instruments of the marketing mix and student satisfaction were determined. Confirmation of the general hypothesis also confirmed the effect of the instruments of the marketing mix on image of the higher education institutions (all instruments of the marketing mix with the except of tuition and distribution affect image of the higher education institution) and the effect of the marketing mix on student satisfaction (all instruments of the marketing mix with the except of tuition and promotion affect student satisfaction). Simultaneously, it was pointed out which instruments and which elements need improvement in order for the higher education institution to have better positioning on the education market. The research indicates that process, promotion, product, physical evidence and people mostly affect image of the higher education institution, while process, physical evidence, product, people and distribution mostly affect student satisfaction . The doctoral dissertation points out to what needs improvement at each of the faculties within the University Business Academy in Novi Sad. The conclusion is that the School of Dentistry in Pančevo and the Faculty of Applied Management in Belgrade need to improve their image. According to results, the School of Dentistry in Pančevo may improve its image by improving its promotion, people and physical evidence, while the Faculty of Applied Management in Belgrade needs to improve its promotion in order to improve its image. The images of the Faculty of Law for Economy and Judiciary in Novi Sad and the Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad were graded higher and there is no need for their improvement. The consequently obtained research results indicate that student satisfaction needs increase at the School of Dentistry in Pančevo and that it may be realised by improving its promotion, people, physical evidence and process, while student satisfaction was graded higher at all other faculties within the University Business Academy in Novi Sad (the Faculty of Law for Economy and Judiciary in Novi Sad, the Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad and the Faculty of Applied Management in Belgrade) and that it needs no improvement. It can be concluded that in order to realise a proper image, it is necessary to improve: the possibility of getting scholarships and discounts, the availability of adequate information on the website, social networks and distance learning systems (DLS), having consultations on, with no deviations, the possibility for students to go to foreign universities abroad and the quality of students who enroll the faculty. Furthermore, student satisfaction will increase if the following items are improved: availability of information on the website, social networks and distance learning systems (DLS) having consultations on schedule, with no deviations, the quality of students who enroll the faculty and teachers and associates motivating the students . The scientific aim of the research was achieved by confirming the validity of the set hypothesis, thus reliable data in this area which was unexplored by other authors was obtained based on the scientific research process. Therefore, the scientific purposefulness and justification of the research is unquestionable as this one conjoined research provides scientific knowledge which will be relevant for further scientific research in this field. The social aim of the dissertation was achieved by obtaining reliable data which clearly indicate to the University what needs to be improved in business management of this higher education institution in order for it to be better positioned on the education market.

U uslovima opšte globalizacije, visokoškolske ustanove treba da razviju mehanizme održivog razvoja i uspeha na konkuretnom akademskom prostoru. Projektovanje sistema menadžmenta kvalitetom predstavlja osnov za kontinualno unapređenje usluga, kao i prepoznavanje obaveza prema korisnicima i zainteresovanim stranama. Identifikacijom svih procesa koji egzistiraju u visokoobrazovnim institucijama, povezivanjem istih i definsanjem njihovih izlaza i adekvatnih mera za praćenje uspeha, stvara se čvrsta osnova za dostizanje ciljeva i postizanje uspeha. Da bi postigla ciljeve, visokoškolska ustanova treba da svojim korisnicima pruži vrednosti koje se stalno poboljšavaju. Shvatanje, zadovoljenje i prevazilaženje potreba i očekivanja korisnika usluge visokog obrazovanja od suštinskog je značaja za ostvarivanje konkurentske prednosti, pozicioniranje na akademskom prostoru, održivog razvoja, a samim tim i postizanja održivog uspeha. Istraživanja u okviru doktorske disertacije imaju za cilj da ukažu na značaj primene modela sistema menadžmenta kvalitetom kao efektivnog alata za obezbeđivanje kvaliteta nastavnoobrazovnog procesa, unapređenje usluge visokog obrazovanja i postizanje zadovoljstva korisnika i zainteresovanih strana. Takav pristup omogućuje upravljačkoj strukturi visokoškolske ustanove stalan nadzor nad ključnim parametrima poslovanja i donošenje odluka iz oblasti kvaliteta za stalno unapređenje. Koncept integrisanog sistema menadžmenta u visokom obrazovanju je nov pristup organizovanja i ima za cilj da poveća efikasnost i usaglasi sve nivoe upravljanja, odlučivanja, kao i realizacije nastavno-obrazovnog procesa. Uticaj znanja na razvoj društva sve više dobija na značaju i postaje važniji od bilo kog drugog resursa. Obrazovanje ima stratešku važnost za ekonomski i društveni razvoj, kao i pozitivan efekat na društvo u celini sa aspekta produktivnosti, inovativnosti, efikasnosti i efektivnosti. Ulaganje u obrazovanje, odnosno u obezbeđivanje odgovarajućih ljudskih resursa kao odgovora na izražene potrebe dinamičnog i konkurentnog tržišta, ima karakter investicionog ulaganja i postaje preduslov bez koga se ne može ostvariti održiv ekonomski napredak. Uspostavljanje saradnje između sektora visokog obrazovanja i privrednih subjekata, uključujući niz faktora koji imaju neposredan uticaj, jedno je od suštinskih pitanja na koje ova studija nastoji da pruži odgovor. Istraživanje u doktorskoj disertaciji usmereno je i na stavove poslodavaca prilikom zapošljavanja pripravnika u pogledu kompetencija, funkcionalnosti obrazovanja, razlike izmedju „privatne" i „državne" diplome. Ključne reči: visoko obrazovanje, sistem menadžmenta kvalitetom, visokoškolska ustanova, integrisani sistem menadžmenta, korisnici, konkurentska prednost, akademski prostor, znanje, održivi razvoj, održivi uspeh. In the conditions of overall globalization, higher education institutions should develop mechanisms of sustainable development and success in the competitive academic field. Designing a quality management system is the basis for continuous improvement of services, as well as recognition of obligations towards the users and parties in interest. By identifying all the processes existing within higher education institutions, by linking them and defining their outputs and proper success tracking measures, a firm basis for reaching goals and success is formed. In order to reach its goals, a higher education institution should offer continuously improving values to its users. Understanding , meeting and surpassing the needs and expectations of higher education users is of utmost importance for gaining competitive advantage, positioning in the academic field, sustainable development, and with that, reaching sustainable success. Doctoral thesis research aims at emphasizing the significance of application of the quality management system model as an efficient tool for providing quality in the educational process, improving higher education service and reaching satisfaction of the users and parties in interest. Such an approach enables the management structure of a higher education institution to have a constant monitoring of the key parameters of its business activities and to make decisions in the field of constant quality improving. The concept of integrated management system in higher education is a new organizational approach and it aims at enhancing efficiency and harmonizing all levels of management, decision making and realization of the educational process. The impact of knowledge on the development of a society is gaining greater significance and is becoming more important than any other resource. Education bears strategic importance for economic and social development and it has positive impact on society as a whole, from the aspect of productivity, innovation, efficiency and effectiveness. Investing in education, that is, in providing appropriate human resources as a response to expressed needs of a dynamic and competitive market, bears a character of value investing and is becoming a prerequisite without which one cannot accomplish a sustainable economic improvement. Establishing cooperation between the higher education sector and business entities, including a series of factors with imminent impact, is one of the fundamental questions which this study tends to provide an answer to. Doctoral thesis research also aims at the attitude of employers while employing apprentices regarding competence, functionality of education, the difference between "private" and "state" diplomas.

Diplomski rad je razrađeni prijedlog novog načina gospodarenja otpadom visokoškolske ustanove tehničkog usmjerenja. U okviru visokoškolske ustanove na kojoj dnevno boravi oko 450 zaposlenih i oko 1500 studenata nalazi se i kantina u kojoj se dnevno posluži oko 1400 obroka. Predloženi sustav gospodarenja otpadom u skladu je sa Zakonom o otpadu (NN 178/04), jer omogućava oporabu svih otpadnih tvari čija se vrijedna svojstva mogu iskoristiti, a isto tako osigurava izdvajanje te zbrinjavanje svog opasnog otpada koji nastaje u ustanovi. Proračunato je da se novim sustavom uz jednokratnu investiciju od 160 tisuća kuna i jednog zaposlenog djelatnika na poslovima gospodarenja otpadom ostvaruje financijska ušteda od preko 250 tisuća kuna godišnje samo na ime izbjegnute naknade za odvoz otpada i prodaje sekundarnih sirovina. Novi sustav gospodarenja otpadom na ovoj ustanovi donosi i godišnje smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova od preko 80 tona CO2 eq godišnje.

Radom je prikazana struktura, jednostavnost, te upotreba Java programskog jezika. U današnje vrijeme u informacijskim tehnologijama ima sve više predstavnika različitih tehnologija koje se bore za svoje mjesto. Tako i Java programski jezik pokušava zadržati svoje. Java ima neke prednosti, kao što su modularnost, multiplatformnost, višenitnost, ali naravno i nedostatke. Nedostatci su relativna sporost, te lošije grafičke performanse u odnosu na druge programske jezike, neki od njih će biti prikazani ovim radom.

U uvodnom dijelu rada ukratko je opisan pregled odredbi norme ISO 14001:2004 koja je međunarodna norma za sustav upravljanja okolišem donesena od strane Međunarodne organizacije za standardizaciju. Najveći dio rada je posvećen objašnjavanju pojmova, važnosti, načinima i svrsi identificiranja aspekata i utjecaja na okoliš. U tom dijelu rada su ujedno ukratko predstavljeni primjeri aspekata i utjecaja koji se najčešće mogu naći kod organizacija, kao i primjeri ocjenjivanja aspekata i ocjenjivačkih metoda. Na primjeru Geotehničkog fakulteta u Varaždinu prikazan je primjer jednog takvog identificiranja, ocjenjivanja i određivanja značajnosti aspekata okoliša, te je prikazano izvješće o rezultatima tog istraživanja kao i zaključak o značajnosti identificiranih aspekata.

This text describes legal requirements and terms related to implementing of Quality Management System (QMS) at faculties in the Republic of Croatia. All necessary activities and required documentation for implementing QMS are defined. At the end, a review is given of objectives which will be obtained by implementing of QMS at higher education and by accreditation of these institutions.

Visoko školstvo u Republici Hrvatskoj ima obvezu uskladiti se s principima Bolonjske deklaracije, a to zato što je Hrvatska 2001. potpisala tu Deklaraciju. Pritom se nailazi na potrebu da se zadovolje raznovrsni zahtjevi. Jedan je od njih i postojanje sustava osiguranja kvalitete. Tim sustavom država zadržava nadzor nad autonomijom sveučilišta, a razlog je za to razumljiv. Sveučilišta postaju autonomna u uvjetima kada država zadržava obvezu alimentiranja obrazovnih i znanstveno-istraživačkih programa. Dakle, autonomija nije samo pravo svečilišta, već i odgovornost prema državi, poslodavcima, strukovnim udruženjima, studentima i njihovim roditeljima. Spremnost za uvođenje sustava osiguranja kvalitete na visokoškolskim ustanovama u Republici Hrvatskoj istražuje se uz pomoć upitnika koji sadrži 16 pitanja. Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na raznovrsnost shvaćanja kvalitete u visokom obrazovanju, različitosti mišljenja o kvaliteti rada ustanova visokog obrazovanja i na mogućnost primjene sustava osiguranja kvalitete. Želi li se uvesti i održavati sustav osiguranja kvalitete u visokom školstvu Republike Hrvatske potrebno je provesti organizacijske nadopune u ustanovama visokog obrazovanja i akciju izobrazbe u osiguranju kvalitete.

Početkom 2020. godine, proglašenjem pandemije COVID-19, zatvorene su i sve visokoškolske ustanove. Sve nastavne aktivnosti prebačene su online. Studenti, profesori i same institucije našli su se pred velikim izazovom, jer iako online nastava nije nešto novo i nepoznato, ona nikada nije u potpunosti zamijenila nastavu licem u lice. Osim toga, od izbijanja pandemije do prelaska na online nastavu bilo je vrlo malo vremena za prilagođavanje različitim digitalnim platformama za poučavanje kao i za svladavanje vještina za rad na njima. Takav brzi prijelaz na novi način poučavanja mogao je utjecati na kvalitetu nastavnog procesa. Stoga, cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi stavove studenata prema online nastavi organiziranoj na fakultetu tijekom pandemije te povezanost stavova o online nastavi s godinom studija i nadom studenata. Primijenjen je kvantitativan pristup s deskriptivnom statistikom. Korišten je upitnik o online nastavi koji se sastojao od 30 tvrdnji i skala Nade koju čini 8 tvrdnji. Ispitanici su slaganje s tvrdnjom procjenjivali na skali Likertovog tipa od pet stupnjeva. Online upitnik je ispunilo 713 studenata s različitih sastavnica Sveučilišta u Zagrebu koji pohađaju neki od nastavničkih fakulteta. Najviše procijenjene tvrdnje odnose se na redovito održavanje online nastave te samoprocjenu studenata za korištenje tehnologije potrebne za online predavanja i snalaženje na različitim digitalnim platformama. S druge strane, studenti su najmanje zadovoljniji interesom profesora za njihove osjećaje, a ističu i nezadovoljstvo organiziranjem nastave putem različitih platformi. Ispitane su i korelacije procjene svake pojedine tvrdnje o online nastavi s godinom studija i Nadom pri čemu su uglavnom dobivene statistički značajne, ali neznatne povezanosti i to u većoj mjeri s Nadom nego s godinom studija. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na pozitivne i negativne aspekte online nastave koji su relevantni profesorima, studentima i kreatorima obrazovnih politika. Daljnja istraživanja mogla bi ponuditi konkretnije smjernice za osmišljavanje kvalitetnije online nastave u visokoškolskim ustanovama.

In the present-day environment pertaining to digitalisation, increasing competition on the market and changes in industries, the CRM as a system is an essential tool for success. The issue of CRM system application in higher education institutions is insufficiently researched, especially in the parts that should indicate a clear connection between participants in higher education and CRM in higher education institutions, and factors that decision makers should pay attention to when making decisions about CRM implementation. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to research the functionality, application and advantages of CRM in the higher education sector, and to determine the features that will facilitate effective decision-making on the implementation of CRM. As a result of the research, a proposal for a conceptual model/framework of CRM was presented. The proposal is presented for the purpose of making appropriate decisions for higher education institutions when it comes to developing their own or purchasing a ready-made CRM solution. From the scientific aspect, the paper contributes to the existing literature by providing decision makers with an insight into the structure of the CRM system, its elements, connections and functionalities, as well as a description of the model with the information they need to pay attention to when making decisions., U današnjim uvjetima digitalizacije, povećanja konkurencije na tržištu i promjena u gospodarskoj djelatnosti posjedovanje CRM-a kao sustava neizostavan je alat za uspjeh. Problematika primjene CRM sistema u visokoškolskim ustanovama nedovoljno je istražena, posebno u dijelovima koji trebaju ukazivati na jasnu vezu između sudionika u visokom obrazovanju i CRM-a u visokoškolskim ustanovama te čimbenika na koje donositelji odluka trebaju obratiti pozornost prilikom donošenja odluka o CRM implementaciji. Stoga, cilj je rada istražiti funkcionalnosti, primjenu i prednosti CRM-a u sektoru visokog obrazovanja te utvrditi značajke koje će olakšati efektivno donošenje odluka o implementaciji CRM-a. Kao rezultat istraživanja predstavlja se prijedlog konceptualnog modela/okvira CRM-a u u svrhu donošenju odgovarajućih odluka za visokoškolske ustanove kada je u pitanju razvijanje vlastitog ili kupovina gotovog CRM rješenja. Sa znanstvenog aspekta, rad pridonosi postojećoj literaturi pružajući donositeljima odluka uvid u strukturu CRM sustava, njegove elemente, veze i funkcionalnosti te opis modela s informacijama na koje trebaju obratiti pozornost prilikom donošenja odluka.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je pretražiti i sistematizirati literaturu o uvođenju platformi za učenje na daljinu u visokoškolskim ustanovama za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19 te analizirati izazove njihove primjene. U znanstvenoj citatnoj bazi podataka Web of Science pretraženi su članci objavljeni u razdoblju od 2020. do 2022. godine. 57 članaka koji su pronađeni prvim pretraživanjem dodatno je pretraženo prema zadanim kriterijima te je na kraju 28 članaka odabrano za daljnju analizu. Članci su analizirani pomoću NVivo programa, a rezultati analize su grupirani u dvije skupine: (1) primijenjene platforme za učenje na daljinu i (2) izazovi primjene platformi za učenje na daljinu percipirani od strane korisnika (studenata i nastavnika). Sistematizacija rezultata dobivenih analizom članaka pokazala je da je najčešće korištena platforma za učenje na daljinu u visokoškolskim ustanovama Moodle. Uočene su dvije skupine izazova primjene učenja na daljinu, dio izazova se odnosi na tehnički, a dio na nastavni kontekst primjene. Znanstveni doprinos ovog istraživanja je dvostruki: (1) omogućeno je bolje razumijevanje izazova primjene platformi za učenje na daljinu u visokoškolskim ustanovama sa posebnim naglaskom na tehnološke aspekte ograničenja njihovog korištenja i (2) dane su smjernice za buduća istraživanja u ovom području.

Sveučilište u Zagrebu najveće je i najstarije hrvatsko sveučilište. U sastavu ima 34 visokoškolske ustanove, fakultete i sveučilišni odjel, te sve sastavnice imaju pripadajuće knjižnice koje pružaju neophodnu podršku znanstvenom i nastavnom radu na Sveučilištu. Knjižnice se trude držati korak sa brzim razvojem tehnologije te odgovarati na potrebe korisnika, no još uvijek nisu savladale proces digitalizacije iako postoji očit interes od strane korisnika za korištenjem sveučilišne literature u elektroničkom obliku. U sklopu rada provedeno je istraživanje o prisutnosti elektroničkih udžbenika i priručnika u izdanju sastavnica Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, a istraživanje je uključivalo pregled mrežnih stranica sastavnica, mrežnih knjižničnih kataloga te digitalnih repozitorija. Rezultati su pokazali kako su elektronički izvori ponajviše uključeni u mrežne knjižnične kataloge, no broj elektroničkih priručnika i udžbenika u izdanju sastavnica Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i dalje je neznatan. Autorskopravna pitanja samo su jedan od uzroka malih brojeva naklade elektroničkih izdanja – iako materijala za digitalizaciju te interesa za korištenjem iste u elektroničkom obliku ima u izbilju. University of Zagreb is the oldest and greatest university in Croatia. It is constituted of 34 components, faculties and university department, and each of them has an associated library. The libraries provide indispensable support to the scientific and educational aspect of the University and make effort to keep up with the rapid development of the tecnology and meet the needs of its users. However, they still haven't overcome the digitalisation problems eventhough is evident that the users are interested in using university literature in e-format. This paper includes a survey on presence of electronical textbooks and manuals published by the components of University of Zagreb. The survey involved review of components' websites, online catalogues of academic libraries and digital repositories. The results show that e-books are mostly found in academic libraries' catalogues, however the number of e-book published by the faculties and university department of the University of Zagreb is inconsiderable. One of the main causes of small editions of e-books are copyright issues – eventhough libraries have a lot of materials that could be digitalised and users have showed interest in using it in various formats.

Pojava marketinškog koncepta i ubrzani razvoj suvremenih trendova u području informacijskih tehnologija odredili su poslovanje svih organizacija, uključujući i poslovanje visokoškolskih ustanova. Pojava konkurencije i otvorenost tržišta podrazumijevaju povećanje ulaganja u promotivne aktivnosti visokih učilišta. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati prisutnost ciljanih visokoškolskih ustanova u Tuzlanskom kantonu na društvenim mrežama, zajedno sa sadržajem koji su objavile. Provedena je analiza web sjedišta radi donošenja zaključka o ulozi internetskog oglašavanja u komunikaciji institucije s ciljanim tržištem - studentima i potencijalnim studentima. Podaci o prisutnosti na društvenim mrežama prikupljeni su tijekom lipnja i srpnja 2018. godine, a tijekom istog razdoblja izvršena je analiza objavljenog sadržaja i učestalosti oglašavanja. Analizirajući sadržaj na društvenim mrežama, vidljivo je da su visokoškolske ustanove obuhvaćene ovim istraživanjem na području Tuzlanskog kantona prisutne na internetu, imaju službena web sjedišta i stranice na društvenim mrežama. Dominantne društvene mreže među visokoškolskim ustanovama na području Tuzlanskog kantona su Facebook i Instagram, a najmanje korištena društvena mreža je Twitter, što može poslužiti kao osnova i smjernice za definiranje marketinških strategija visokoškolskih ustanova.

One of the basic competences for lifelong learning is the development of digital competence, and especially at higher education institutions. There are long-term goals in economic and social progress in form of initiatives related to the ensuring the multiple information education. Due to the fact that there is not sufficient research aimed at assessing the initial state of information literacy within higher education institutions in Croatia, the goal of the present research is to determine the level of knowledge, more precisely the digital competence of teachers and educators in higher education institutions in the Republic of Croatia, the frequency of their usage of modern technologies in teaching, and to explain the necessity of implementing the multimedia and e-learning traning programmes at different faculties. The research was conducted on a representative sample (N = 1800) of teachers and associates at higher education institutions in the Republic of Croatia working in different departments in Osijek, Split and Zagreb. An online questionnaire was used to examine the level of their digital competence, and the frequency and the method of using modern technologies in teaching. The results of the research show that teachers and associates working at technical faculties are more competent in conducting their research scientific work and use the modern technologies significantly more than teachers and associates working in the area of social sciences and humanities. The results show that more than 70% of teachers and associates are assessing themselves as being digitally competent in the use of computers and new technologies, and over 60% of them regularly use media in their teaching practice., Jedna od osnovnih kompetencija za cjeloživotno učenje je razvoj digitalne kompetencije, posebno na visokoškolskim ustanovama. Postoje dugoročni ciljevi ekonomskog i društvenog napretka u obliku inicijativa koje se odnose na osiguranje višestrukog informacijskog obrazovanja. S obzirom na to da u Hrvatskoj nema dovoljno istraživanja usmjerenih na ocjenu početnog stanja informacijske pismenosti unutar visokoškolskih ustanova, cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi razinu znanja, točnije digitalnu kompetenciju nastavnika u visokoškolskim ustanovama u Republici Hrvatskoj, učestalost njihove upotrebe suvremenih tehnologija u nastavi i objasniti nužnost provođenja multimedijskih i e-learning programa praćenja na različitim fakultetima. Istraživanje je provedeno na reprezentativnom uzorku (N = 1800) nastavnika i suradnika na visokim učilištima u Republici Hrvatskoj koji rade na različitim odjelima u Osijeku, Splitu i Zagrebu. Internetski upitnik korišten je za ispitivanje razine njihove digitalne kompetencije, učestalosti i načina korištenja suvremenih tehnologija u nastavi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su nastavnici i suradnici koji rade na tehničkim fakultetima kompetentniji za obavljanje svojih istraživačkih znanstvenih radova i koriste suvremene tehnologije znatno više od nastavnika i suradnika koji rade na području društvenih i humanističkih znanosti. Rezultati pokazuju da više od 70% nastavnika i suradnika ocjenjuje sebe digitalno kompetentnim za korištenje računala i novih tehnologija, a preko 60% njih redovito koristi medije u svojoj nastavnoj praksi.

Suvremena nastava koja je usmjerena na studenta teži raznovrsnijim i učinkovitijim pristupima, metodama, nastavnim strategijama i oblicima nastave. Jedan od oblika nastave, koji je ujedno i poželjna nadopuna učioničke nastave, je izvanučionička nastava. Svrha međusobnog nadopunjavanja učioničke i izvanučioničke nastave je kvalitetan odgojno-obrazovni proces. Osim toga, izvanučionička nastava doprinosi razvijanju znanja i vještina na način koji obogaćuje svakodnevno iskustvo učenja u učionici. Rezultati nekih istraživanja ukazuju na to da je posjećivanje različitih mjesta pozitivno iskustvo za studente, ali i nastavnike i da takva iskustva potiču razvoj emocionalnih veza s onim sadržajima i aktivnostima koji se odvijaju u učionici. U ovom radu, osim promišljanja o ulozi izvanučioničke nastave u nastavnom procesu na visokoškolskim ustanovama, prikazana je izvanučionička nastava koja se izvodi u okviru kolegija Pedagogija na Akademiji za umjetnost i kulturu u Osijeku. Riječ je o posjetima sljedećim ustanovama u gradu Osijeku: Centru za odgoj i obrazovanje Ivan Štark, Osječkom centru za inkluziju i Udruzi za terapiju i aktivnosti pomoću konja MOGU Osijek. Ujedno, navedena su iskustva studenata i njihova mišljenja o izvanučioničkoj nastavi koju su imali prilike polaziti. Ovakva iskustvena nastava potakla je zanimanje studenata za bavljenjem takvim pedagoškim radom u budućoj karijeri. Njihove pozitivne reakcije na ovakvu „nešto drugačiju“ nastavu ohrabrenje su za nastavnike koji izvanučioničku nastavu već prakticiraju, ali i mogući poticaj onima koji se na to još nisu odvažili.

Cilj ovog rada bio je prikupljanje podataka o zastupljenosti hrvatskih visokoškolskih ustanova na društvenim mrežama zajedno s analizom sadržaja koje ustanove objavljuju kako bi se na osnovi prikupljenih podataka definirale smjernice za izradu komunikacijske strategije i ostvarivanje prisutnosti visokoškolskih ustanova na društvenim mrežama. Podaci o prisutnosti na društvenim mrežama prikupljani su tijekom akademske godine 2013/14. Od Ministarstva znanosti obrazovanja i sporta dobiven je popis svih hrvatskih visokoškolskih ustanova. U potrazi za poveznicama prema društvenim mrežama posjećene su web stranice svih ustanova s tog popisa. Na taj način željelo se osigurati da su pronađeni sadržaji na društvenim mrežama službeni odnosno da iza njih stoji ustanova. Od 133 pregledane stranice ustanova, na njih 53 pronađene su valjane poveznice prema društvenim mrežama. Kako bi se dobile povratne informacije i mišljenja o društvenim mrežama distribuirana su i dva anketna upitnika. Prvi upitnik bio je namijenjen ispitivanju stavova osoba povezanih s hrvatskim visokoškolskim ustanovama. Prikupljeno je 307 ispunjenih upitnika, a ispitanici su bili povezani sa 64 visokoškolske ustanove. Drugi upitnik, namijenjen ispitivanju stavova osoba zaduženih za prisutnost hrvatskih visokoškolskih ustanova na društvenim mrežama, poslan je na 53 ustanove za koje se utvrdilo da imaju prisutnost na društvenim mrežama. Na upitnik su odgovorile 24 ustanove. Provedena istraživanja pokazala su da ustanove imaju korist od prisutnosti na društvenim mrežama, ali da se ne koriste u punoj mjeri potencijalima koje im one pružaju. Kako bi ustanove mogle ostvariti puni potencijal koje im pružaju društvene mreže na kraju rada nalaze se i smjernice za izradu komunikacijske strategije putem društvenih mreža., Social networks are not a new phenomenon. They have been present on the Internet since the middle of the 1990’s, but in the recent years they have become a topic of everyday conversations. As the social networks became a part of everyday life, they also became a part of the academic community. The aim of this study was to collect data on the usage of social networks by institutions of higher education in Croatia, as well as to analyse the published content in order to use the collected data to define guidelines for developing communication strategy and increasing the institutions’ presence on social networks. In its introduction, the dissertation gives a short overview of social networks’ characteristics, as well as the existing definitions. The introduction also proposes a definition of social networks which covers all aspects of a modern social network. Beside the definition, this chapter also proposes a social network classification by which all social networks can be distributed into three categories. The suggested classification represents a more simplified distribution than some other classifications, nevertheless it is comprehensive and applicable even beyond the scope of this dissertation. The introduction also discloses various statistical data about the number of social networks’ users, as well as the manner in which users use them. Data about the presence of higher education institutions on social networks were gathered during the academic year 2013/2014. In order to determine if an institution is present on social networks or not, institutions’ official web sites were reviewed. Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Republic of Croatia provided a list of all Croatian higher education institutions. There are 136 higher education institutions in total, 101 of which are state funded and 35 are privately funded institutions. All higher education institutions’ web sites were visited and reviewed on September 23rd 2013. Out of 136 web sites, 133 were accessible, i.e., on that date three web sites, one belonging to a public institution and two belonging to private institutions, were unreachable, i.e., their web servers were inaccessible. Upon visiting all web sites, links to all social networks were noted down which means that the list of social networks was not defined beforehand. Out of 133 reviewed web sites, 53 web sites contained valid links to social networks. One web site did contain a link, but it was not a valid Facebook page so it was not included in the study. Out of 53 institutions included in the study, 30 are state funded and 23 are privately funded institutions. Nine social networks were identified in total. Out of those nine identified, institutions use Facebook the most (N=45), then YouTube (N=20) and Twitter (N=17). LinkedIn has a reputation of being a professional business social network so it is surprising that a relatively small number of institutions (N=8) use it. The small number of institutions using Google+ is also surprising (N=2). Other identified social networks (Tumblr, Instagram, Flickr and Vimeo) are each used by only one institution. Two surveys were distributed in order to receive institutions’ feedback and opinion on social networks. The aim of the first survey was to assess attitudes of people associated with higher education institutions in Croatia towards social networks. During a two-month period, from March 30th 2015 to May 28th 2015, an online questionnaire was sent to employees, associates and students in order to collect feedback and attitudes about the necessity of official presence of Croatian higher education institutions on social networks. The questionnaire was filled out by 307 participants from 64 higher education institutions. The aim of the second survey was to assess attitudes of people responsible for the presence of Croatian higher education institutions on social networks and it was sent to 53 institutions which were officially present on social networks. During the period from April 22nd 2015 to May 22nd 2015, 24 institutions filled out the questionnaire. Another goal of this survey was to gather data about the reasons why the institutions use social networks, the benefits of using social networks and the use of social networks for advertising purposes, as well as the overall opinion about social networks and their benefits. Surveys showed that institutions do indeed benefit from using social networks, but that they also do not use them to the full extent of their capacity. In order for them to do so, the dissertation provides guidelines for developing a communication strategy by using social networks

Institucije visokog obrazovanja imaju značajnu ulogu u ekonomskom i socijalnom razvoju i jačanju društva. Visokoškolske ustanove, naročito javne, izložene su s jedne strane, velikim očekivanjima javnosti u pogledu postizanja što veće kvalitete nastavnog procesa, a s druge strane, limitiranošću financijskih sredstava koja pretežno dobivaju iz budžeta države. Stoga je neophodna visoka razina profesionalizma u upravljanju javnim visokoškolskim ustanovama, a preduvjet za to je dobra informacijska osnova prilikom donošenja odluka. U fokusu ovog rada bit će analiza eksternog financijskog izvještavanja kao informacijske osnove, s ciljem ocjene postojećeg stupnja kvalitete sustava financijskog izvještavanja i eksternih financijskih izvještaja javnih visokoškolskih ustanova. U ocjeni kvalitete autori će koristiti kvalitativne metode, te primarne podatke dobivene putem anketnog upitnika popunjenog od strane računovođa javnih visokoškolskih ustanova u Bosni i Hercegovini, pri čemu će analiza i rezultati biti predstavljeni odvojeno za Republiku Srpsku i Federaciju Bosne i Hercegovine, zbog različitog pravnog okvira koji regulira oblast visokog obrazovanja i računovodstva javnog sektora u Bosni i Hercegovini. Autori će dobivene podatke koristiti za odgovor na istraživačka pitanja o kvaliteti eksternog izvještavanja visokoškolskih ustanova, ali i za usmjeravanje pozornosti na postojeća ograničenja koja postoje u okviru analiziranog predmeta istraživanja. Rezultati istraživanja mogu biti od koristi za daljna istraživanja u promatranoj oblasti, ne samo u Bosni i Hercegovini nego i u drugim državama u razvoju ili državama u kojima su visokoškolske ustanove i računovodstva javnog sektora organizirani slično kao u Bosni i Hercegovini. Također, rezultati mogu biti korisni i za korisnike financijskih izvještaja promatranih entiteta u cilju boljeg razumijevanja informacija sadržanih u njima.

Povezivanje sadržaja teorijske grupe predmeta s kineziološkim aktivnostima, na primjerima koji su u ovom radu prezentirani na visokoškolskim ustanovama, učestalijom primjenom mladima će osigurati korisnije i smislenije obrazovanje koje će se približiti uvjetima suvremenog načina života.Na nastavi tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture moguće je povezivati sadržaje sa spoznajama iz biologije, fiziologije, psihologije, pedagogije, fizike, matematike, informatike kao i sa saznanjima raznih drugih znanstvenih disciplina.

Since the moment of Serbia's commitment to the european integration process, the serbian Government started with the preparations for the adoption of international instruments aimed to create a modern, recognizable and comparable higher education system. One of these documents is Bologna Declaration (1999). Signing of it has opened the question of legal procedures for its implementation and the question of solving administrative matters in higher education. Thus, for the first time in history serbian higher education system get known with the issues such as accreditation of higher education institutions, the „work permits“ for higher education institutions and recognition of foreign higher education qualifications. In the highest legal act of serbian law system the higher education is defined as an activity of the public interest that requires to be specially treated and protected. Some forms of protection are administrative procedures that address the administrative matters relating to higher education. There are numerous of sociological researches about theeducation and even higher educationbut almost nether one is about the solving administrative matters in higher education. Therefore it is of utmost importance to define, analyse and classify this type of administrative matterespecially because it took a large part of the administrative work generally. Harmonizing of traditional system of higher education with the principles of the Bologna Declaration through the new, aforementioned administrative procedures is specific in many ways. The specific characteristics mentioned are the subject L.L.D Dejan Vučetić, Assistant Professor,University of Niš, Faculty of Law „Solving Administrative Matters in Higher Education“ of interest in this research. Solving administrative matters in higher education wasfollowed by numerous problems, dilemmas, contradictions and nonconformities from the point of stipulating to their practical use. Research will allocate and define specific features and characteristics of these administrative matters, corelation between them, difficulties arise when solving, imperfection and disharmony in regulations, unresolved issues and make recommendations for overcoming them and improving this area. The research results, especially in the part referring to the difficulties and imperfections in the legislation, could serve as a basis for understanding the current situation and future consistent legal regulation of these areas. The study uses a descriptive, normative, historical and comparative - legal method. Normative method is used for an analysis of current legislation. Descriptive method is used to describe and explaine types of administrative matters in higher education andprocedures for their solving. Historical method is used to illustrate chronology of the establishing and development of higher education in general, authorities and legal regulations through different period in history of Serbia.Finally, the comparative method is used to present the analysis of legal regulation of this type of public administration activity in Ireland, the United Kingdom and Germany.

Public relations can be seen as a management function, whose task is to establish and foster relationships of mutual understanding and goodwill between the organization and various groups of publics who can impact on its success or failure, but also as one of the most important marketing communications tools. Since public relations could potentially have great power and influence on the formation of public opinion, on the creation of the image and reputation of the organization, as well as on the establishment and maintenance of high quality and long-term relationships with various business and market structures, for the needs of the doctoral dissertation a research was carried out in the higher education institutions in Serbia, in order to determine the degree of development and forms of application of public relations in the context of the overall promotional activities of these institutions. The main objectives of this paper are related to: a comprehensive theoretical consideration of marketing communications tools; a theoretical consideration of public relations as a management function, and then determining the place, role and importance of public relations in the marketing communications system; a review of the application of the most important areas of public relations, as well as the importance and role of the public relations as the marketing communications instrument in the higher education institutions in Serbia. Based on the defined objectives and goals, hypotheses were formulated. In order to test the hypotheses, the domestic and foreign literature and Internet sources were used, as well as the results obtained through primary and secondary empirical research. For the purposes of primary research, the structured questionnaire was designed. Elemental analysis of statistical data obtained through primary research, was conducted by calculating frequencies, percentages and cumulative percentages for all dependent variables. The paper is structured in three parts: the first part is entitled "Marketing Communications Development"; the second part, titled "Place and Role of Public Relations in the Marketing Communications System", deals with the most important characteristics and areas of public relations, and then on the mutual relations between marketing and public relations. The third part is called "Empirical Research". First, the position of the public relations profession in Serbia is presented, based on the researches conducted by the Serbian Association of Public Relations (DSOJ) in 2008 and 2012; afterwards, the results of the research conducted in March 2015 in the higher education institutions in Serbia for the purposes of this dissertation are presented. In the final part of the dissertation the hypotheses were tested and the final assessment of the results obtained are presented.

Primena filma kao audio-vizuelnog narativa u nastavi španskog kao stranog jezika sadrži brojne prednosti, koje se detaljno analiziraju u radu. Zahvaljujući filmu, učenje kulture i gramatike španskog kao stranog jezika postaje efikasnije i primerenije novim generacijama govornika. Predmet istraživanja predstavlja analiza mogućnosti i efikasnosti upotrebe filmskih scena na času španskog kao stranog jezika u obrazovnom sistemu Srbije. Cilj istraživanja je ispitivanje efikasnosti filma kao didaktičkog sredstva u poređenju sa manje ili više tradicionalnim metodama nastave. Sprovedeno je eksperimentalno istraživanje i istraživanje na terenu. Eksperiment je posebno osmišljen u svrhu istraživanja. U eksperimentu su učestvovale dve grupe: eksperimentalna, koja je pratila nastavu sa audio-vizuelnim narativom, i kontrolna, koja je bila lišena eksperimentalnog faktora. Zahvaljujući inicijalnom testiranju u vidu pre-testa, utvrđeno je početno znanje ispitanika, dok je finalnim merenjem, odnosno post-testom, utvrđeno znanje usvojeno nakon eksperimenta. Uzorak je činilo ukupno 46 studenata izbornog predmeta Savremeni španski jezik P-4 na Filološkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu (izborni predmet za studente svih studijskih programa osim španskog jezika, četvrti semestar učenja izbornog jezika, očekivani nivo znanja po završetku kursa je B1). Eksperiment je trajao dva meseca u letnjem semestru 2013/2014. godine. Eksperimentalni faktor činile su pažljivo odabrane filmske scene u trajanju od nekoliko minuta, kao i detaljno pripremljenje propratne aktivnosti u vidu radnih listova koji prate svaku scenu, odnosno, predstavljaju kulturne i gramatičke sadržaje. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata urađenja je statistička analiza u SPSS programu (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), na osnovu koje se zaključuje da je eskperimentalna grupa usvojila više predstavljenog gradiva u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Na ovaj način, potvrđena je hipoteza o efikasnosti upotrebe filma kao audio-vizuelnog narativa u nastavi španskog kao stranog jezika... The use of film as audiovisual narrative in teaching Spanish as a foreign language in Serbia has many advantages, that are analyzed with detail in this dissertation. When film is used within the classroom, cultural and grammatical acquisition of Spanish as a foreign language becomes more efficient and suitable to the new generations. The research objective is to analyze the possibilities and the efficiency of the use of film scenes in Spanish as a foreign language classes in Serbian educational system. The aim of the research is investigate the efficiency of film as a didactic resource compared to more or less traditional method. The research also included fieldwork and an experiment application. The experiment was designed specifically for the purpose of this research. Two groups participated in the experiment: an experimental group, which attended the class with audiovisual narrative, and a control group, which was deprived of the experimental factor. Foreknowledge of examinees was determinated through the application of a pretest, while the acquired knowledge upon the completion of experimental teaching was measured by postest. The sample consisted of 46 students studying Contemporary Spanish language P-4 (an elective course for students who are majoring in languages other than Spanish; fourth semester, expected level of proficiency at the end of the course: B1) at the Faculty of Philology, University in Belgrade. The experiment lasted two months during the spring semester 2013/2014. The experimental factor consisted of carefully chosen film scenes each lasting few minutes, and of prepared accompanying activities in the form of worksheets, which accompanied every scene, which present cultural and grammatical contents. The obtained data was processed by statistical analysis in the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The analysis of the obtained results, indicates that the experimental group acquired more of the presented information in comparison with the control group. In this way, the hypothesis about the efficiency of the application of film as audiovisual narrative in teaching Spanish as a foreign language is confirmed...

One of the main goals of contemporary higher education institutions refers to achieving and developing sustainable competitive advantage. That fact is among the main causes for affirmation of marketing concept application in higher education sector. Namely, in the higher education market, more and more various institutions are offering their services to the same target group – prospective students. Competition on this market is stronger and more numerous than ever, and that makes more explicit application of marketing – a necessity. In order to survive and develop on the market, higher education institutions have to attract, enrol and retain sufficient number of students. That is possible only if these institutions succeed to establish and continuously enhance their competitive advantage. In profit sector context, marketing concept is used for achieving mentioned aims, as this business orientation has positive influence on organisation’s performances. Marketing concept refers to systematic gathering and dissemination of market intelligence, and decision-making based on this information, with final aim – to provide superior value and to cater the needs of clients better than the competition does. Although application of marketing concept in higher education sector has originally faced some objections, numerous researches have proven that not only is it possible in this sector, but marketing activities are commonly used in higher education institutions. On the other hand, studies about marketing concept and its effects are relatively scarce in higher education context. Therefore, the main aim of the research presented in this Doctoral Dissertation is to determine whether marketing concept application contributes to success of higher education institutions (HEIs). In that respect, the main scientific contribution of this dissertation refers to filling in the identified gaps in theoretical and empirical researches realized so far. This aim is especially reflected in the specific context of the realized research. Namely, most of the previous studies pertain to unique language or geographical area and context of developed countries. This research includes the context of developing country (Serbia), but also comparative analysis with developed country (Finland) – developed not only in terms of economy, but also in terms of outstanding educational sector performances. Research on interrelation of marketing concept application and performances of HEIs was realized in the following manner. Application of marketing concept (market orientation) was analysed as one option of business orientations, alongside production and sales concept. HEIs were classified into three groups based on implemented business orientation, and then their performances were compared in order to test whether market oriented HEIs had better performances when compared to the rest of the sample. Several criteria were used for classification of HEIS into groups that relate to implemented business orientation. The main criterion refers to decision making in the institution. It is considered that market oriented HEIs base their decisions on systematically gathered and disseminated market intelligence. Performances that were analysed include: (overall) success, competitiveness, reputation and innovativeness of the institution, as well as satisfaction of students and employees. These performances were selected because of their specific importance in the context of market orientation. Positive influence that market orientation has on all these performances was firstly confirmed by theoretical findings. Based on these findings, research questions and aims were set for empirical research that includes comparative analysis of interrelation of market orientation and performances of HEIs in Serbia and Finland. Research of this kind usually includes experimental research design, which here was not fully applicable because of impossibility to introduce experimental factor when needed. Therefore, the research method that was chosen instead is poll research that follows the logic of ex post facto experiment. The research was carried out on the population of study programmes, not HEIs, as it is assumed that management of institutions can use different business orientations in managing different programmes on the same institution. In accordance with the aims of this research, the research sample is defined. The sample is stratified, disproportional and random and includes study programmes of HEIs in Serbia and Finland. The realized sample includes 97 units (study programmes, 65 from Serbia and 32 from Finland). Data needed for hypotheses testing was gathered from December 2014 till March 2015. Interviewees (persons included in structures that manage study programmes from the sample or persons familiar with the relevant issues) were personally contacted. The ones that agreed to contribute to the research filled in the questionnaire uploaded on web locations. Gained data was analysed for the purpose of defined research hypotheses testing i.e. for determining eventual influence that market orientation has on HEIs' performances. Two levels of analysis were applied. First the analysis on the whole sample was realized in order to get zero level correlation. In addition to that, relation of market orientation and HEIs' performances was controlled by the factors for which it was assumed that they might have influence on this relation: 1. location of HEI on which study programme is realized (Serbia or Finland), 2. size of study programme, and 3. type of HEI on which study programme is realized (private and state-owned in Serbia; university and university of applied sciences in Finland). The defined aims determined the manner of hypotheses testing and achieving the aims set for empirical research, i.e. the use of specific statistical methods. Primarily the χ2test (and Fischer's exact test) and t-test (and Leven's test of equal variances) were used for testing the significance of the differences identified in the sample, i.e. to test if market oriented HEIs differ from non-market oriented, and to test the influence that controlling factors have on the market orientation-performances relation. All statistical analyses were one-tailed and performed on level of significance of 95%. Analysis of the results has identified some very significant findings. Higher education institutions that apply marketing concept are more successful, competitive and reputable that institutions that implement other business orientations. Also, students and employees of these institutions are more satisfied than students and employees of non-market oriented HEIs. Research findings also indicate that application of marketing concept in HEIs contributes to competitiveness and innovation capacities of national economy. Assumptions about positive influence that marketing concept has on innovativeness of Higher Education Institutions were theoretically proven. But, empirically they were not confirmed, as the research results do not provide sufficient evidence for identifying positive/negative influence of market orientation on innovativeness of HEIs. Therefore, directions for necessary further research in this field were defined. It was foreseen in the research design to test whether significant difference exist between level of market orientation as a cause for different positioning of HEIs from Serbia and Finland on international higher education market. Research findings show that HEIs from Finland are slightly more market oriented, but much more successful /according to manager's evaluation), competitive and selective than institutions in Serbia. It is obvious that market orientation is one of the significant factors that cause these differences. On the other hand, research findings reveal that students and employees of HEIs located in Serbia are more satisfied than students and employees in Finland. Author's assumption is that lower satisfaction is caused by more sophisticated needs, requests and preferences of students and employees in Finland. But, this needs to be tested in further research. Research findings also indicate that market orientation’s influence on performances of higher education institutions (and therefore national economy) is very high in the case of large study programmes. All large programmes in the sample are market oriented and vast majority is successful. Having in mind that popularization of higher education is a global trend and that it includes augmentation of study programmes, need for further theoretical and empirical researches on marketing concept as important success factor of those programmes, is even more pronounced.

This paper presents a case study of women in the academic teaching profession in the context of the Criminal Police Academy, a Belgrade higher education institution of a typically male-dominant type. The aim of the paper is to describe and analyze women's current position and upward career mobility, as well as to discover the causes and mechanisms limiting their weaker (slower) professional recognition. Multiple case method was deployed, on the basis of data collected from various sources: relevant literature on gender inequality of women in the academic profession, official documents of the institution in which the study was conducted, and personal life stories of women research subjects taken through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that women who are part of a masculine climate in their academic teaching profession and in their personal life, are arguably in a subordinate position compared to men, and accept their position as quite natural. The research was limited to six typical cases, so that the conclusions may be generalized only with the greatest care; however, researchers who are interested in checking the study's objectivity and validity are provided with the adequate basis for further testing. The research shows that personal perspectives and testimonies of women can contribute to a deeper understanding of their disadvantage in academia, while at the same time contributing to the sociology of the 'individual' and the 'qualitative' by expanding the database on gender issues. Rad predstavlja studiju slučaja o ženama u nastavnoj profesiji u kontekstu Kriminalističko-policijske akademije, visokoškolske ustanove tipično maskulinog tipa. Cilj rada je da opiše i analizira aktuelan položaj i vertikalnu profesionalnu dinamiku žena, da otkrije uzroke i ograničavajuće mehanizme njihove slabije (sporije) profesionalne afirmacije. U istraživanju je korišćena metoda višestrukih slučajeva, a podaci su prikupljeni iz različitih izvora: postojeće relevantne literature o problematici rodne nejednakosti žena u akademskoj profesiji, zvanične dokumentacije ustanove koja je kontekst istraživanja, i iz ličnih životnih priča žena koje su bile predmet istraživanja tehnikom dubinskog polustrukturisanog intervjua. Rezultati studije pokazali su da žene koje su deo maskuline klime u nastavnoj akademskoj profesiji, i ličnom životu, realno imaju podređen položaj u odnosu na muškarce i da svoj položaj prihvataju kao sasvim prirodan. Istraživanje je ograničeno na šest tipičnih slučajeva tako da zaključci ne mogu biti šire generalizovani, ali, istraživačima koji su zainteresovani da provere objektivnost i validnost studije, pruža osnovu za dalje i šire testiranje pretpostavki. Istraživanje pokazuje da lična perspektiva i svedočanstva žena mogu da doprinesu dubljem razumevanju problema njihovog lošijeg kotiranja u nastavnoj akademskoj profesiji, a sociologiji 'individualnog' i 'kvalitativnog' pruža doprinos kroz proširenje baze podataka o rodnoj problematici.

Osnovni cilj ovog rada je prikaz stepena zastupljenosti Geografskih informacionih sistema u nastavnim programima visokoškolskih ustanova u Republici Srbiji. Izvršena je inventarizacija postojećih nastavnih predmeta, uporedna analiza zastupljenih programa i izdvojene su oblasti u kojima se nastavni programi preklapaju. Dobijeni rezultati se mogu koristiti kao smernice za unapređenje sveobuhvatnog obrazovanja budućih inženjera, profesora i drugih akademskih zvanja u oblastima tehnike i informatike. The main goal of this paper is to show the presence of geographic information systems in the curriculums of higher education institutions in Serbia. The existing subjects are listed, a comparative analysis of the programs is performed and the fields in which different education programs overlap are indicated in the paper. The obtained results can be used as guidelines for improving comprehensive education of future engineers, professors and other professions in the fields regarding technics and informatics.