Search

Objetivo: analizar la secuencia de eventos que condujo al asesinato de mamʉ Adolfo Torres en 1928 en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, poniendo de relieve las tensiones entre un proyecto misional respaldado por el Estado colombiano y la comunidad arhuaca. Metodología: la investigación se sustenta en el análisis detallado de varios fondos de archivos inéditos, en particular los del Corregimiento de San Sebastián de Rábago y de los capuchinos en Valencia. Estos archivos permitieron reconstruir los conflictos surgidos a partir de la llegada de la misión capuchina en 1917, la persecución de niños arhuacos que escaparon de la misión y los eventos que culminaron en el asesinato de mamʉ Adolfo Torres. Originalidad: el estudio ofrece una nueva perspectiva sobre la violencia inherente a los procesos de evangelización en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, destacando la resistencia de las familias arhuacas frente a la intervención estatal y religiosa. La investigación de fuentes archivísticas inéditas proporciona una comprensión más profunda de las dinámicas de poder y violencia en este contexto. Conclusiones: los procesos de evangelización en la Sierra Nevada estuvieron marcados por una violencia sistemática, y que la lucha de las familias arhuacas por la autonomía y la educación de sus hijos refleja una resistencia significativa ante las imposiciones externas, subrayando la importancia de las fuentes archivísticas inéditas para reinterpretar estos eventos históricos.

El artículo aborda la violencia de género, específicamente desde los cuerpos masculinos. Con esto se trata de entender cómo el sistema patriarcal ejerce violencia cultural en los hombres a través de una presión moral basada en no romper las normas sociales del género. Así mismo, se analiza cómo el castigo, traducido en violencia directa, es exhibido como un método que legitima la violencia ejercida por cuerpos masculinos, lo cual aprueba los estereotipos de género que clasifican al hombre como un sujeto agresivo por naturaleza y muestra la violencia física cómo un medio adecuado para resolver conflictos. Así, a los hombres se les prohíbe mostrar sus emociones, entre otras consecuencias, para no ser excluidos del sistema. La importancia de estudiar aquella violencia cultural reside en que es un tema desapercibido y, por ende, silencia los cuerpos que la padecen.

This work proposes to analyze the journalistic coverage of LGBTphobia in light of the propositions of Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick (2000) on Journalism for Peace and the theoretical perspective of Johan Galtung (1969) on the typologies of violence. Using case study methodology, the research examined coverage of the murder of Roberta da Silva, a trans woman murdered in 2021, in Recife. The general objective is to verify whether journalism adopted an approach aimed at promoting peace or whether it perpetuated discourses of violence. The analysis focused on identifying narratives, frames and linguistic choices that reflect the principles of Journalism for Peace, such as the humanization of victims and the search for non-violent solutions, contrasting with possible stigmatization and polarization. The research results reveal that all the reports presented explicitly address the direct violence suffered by Roberta da Silva, with different levels of sensationalist detail. This lack of structural and cultural analysis in the reports dehumanizes the victim and reinforces stigmas, which can be understood in light of Johan Galtung's concepts of cultural violence and Pierre Bourdieu's symbolic violence, which highlight how the media can reproduce prejudices in a tacit way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las manifestaciones de violencia son actitudes que están inmersas en todos los contextos en que cohabitan los seres vivos. Estas, han estado presentes a lo largo de la historia humana; por ello, los expertos han propuesto diversas formas y métodos para frenarla, sin embargo, la escalada de la violencia en todas sus manifestaciones, ha alcanzado niveles inusitados. En este sentido, los contextos universitarios no son ajenos a tal fenómeno, por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es describir las diversas formas de violencia que se manifiestan en la Universidad Autónoma Indígena de México (UAIM), ubicada en el Estado de Sinaloa, México. Participaron en la investigación, 167 estudiantes de sexto semestre y 4 profesores de Unidad Mochicahui. La metodología aplicada tiene un enfoque mixto; los resultados se alcanzaron mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a estudiantes y de la realización de entrevistas a los coordinadores de los programas educativos. Se encontró que 76% de los estudiantes encuestados refieren que la principal forma de violencia es la verbal considerada como violencia directa; en menor media se encontraron formas de violencia cultural por discriminación y violencia estructural percibida por abuso de autoridad de profesores. Ante esto, es urgente dinamizar acciones para resolver la problemática de la violencia que padecen millones de ciudadanos de mundo. La apuesta de organismos gubernamentales y de la sociedad civil está en la educación para el desarrollo de habilidades en manejo de conflictos, prevención de violencias y para aprender a construir espacios de paz.

Este trabalho enfatiza a importância de conhecer e transmitir a experiência histórica de uma genealogia de mulheres feministas pacifistas. O artigo se baseia em estudos de paz e epistemologias feministas para validar um conhecimento que emerge de um movimento social; introduz algumas noções básicas de conflito, violência e cultura de paz; critica a ligação entre a mulher e a paz; e identifica o Congresso Internacional de Mulheres de Haia, em 1915, como o momento em que nasce organizacionalmente um feminismo pacifista.

Desde los tiempos de Vietnam a Ucrania pasando por Irak, hay un cambio de paradigma en perjuicio de la información y en beneficio de las trincheras. Para algunos tipos de conflictos la violencia cultural, también la comunicativa, puede no ser simplemente legitimadora de otras violencias, a diferencia de lo que apunta Galtung, sino nodal como corresponde al poder performativo de las identidades defensivas. Las identidades culturales pueden no ser expresiones de la violencia estructural o de la violencia política y militar, y sí motores o el origen mismo de conflictos que devienen en violencias con consecuencias económicas, políticas o estructurales. A partir de este marco, se propone un análisis sistemático del tratamiento comunicativo del conflicto vasco a lo largo de cinco décadas, a través de cinco etapas, resaltando el fracaso del modelo comunicativo imperante para reorientar el pulso social.

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo analiza la violencia cultural desde los conflictos interétnicos causados por la colonización de la comunidad indígena Saraguro en las tierras de los pueblos ancestrales Shuar en el Centro Miazi del Alto Nangaritza en el sur de Ecuador. La metodología utilizada ha sido la realización de una encuesta domiciliada. Los datos nos confirman que ambas etnias con prácticas ancestrales distintas han creado un conflicto de su derecho consuetudinario y su percepción de dos cosmovisiones que enfrentan su relación entre el ser humano y la Tierra. Concluimos que dichos conflictos socioculturales pueden transformarse a través de unos diálogos interdisciplinares y multidimensionales que nos ayude a identificar los conflictos interétnicos provocando una transformación pacífica.

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se establecen las causas por las cuales la discriminación constituye un acto de violencia contra los individuos y los colectivos; y luego de determinar el alcance y contenido del derecho a la libertad religiosa, reconocido tanto en el marco jurídico internacional como en el nacional a la luz de los derechos humanos, se precisan las conductas sociales constitutivas de discriminación religiosa, como violencia cultural o simbólica, y su impacto en el ámbito personal como social. Finalmente, se analizan los mecanismos de protección existentes en Colombia para las víctimas y se entregan herramientas de carácter social y legal con el fin de garantizar el libre ejercicio del derecho a la libertad religiosa en el marco de una sociedad democrática y pluralista.

En las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) se presentan algunas formas de violencia directa, aunque poco se han estudiado otras formas de violencia como la simbólica. Objetivo: señalar, a partir de las experiencias de algunos docentes de educación superior, las manifestaciones de violencia simbólica presentes en su lugar de trabajo. Método: investigación de corte mixto enmarcada en el paradigma empírico analítico. Se utilizaron como instrumentos una encuesta estructurada aplicada a 200 docentes y una entrevista en profundidad en la que participaron cinco docentes de una IES pública en Colombia. Resultados: los hallazgos develan la presencia de ciertas formas de violencia simbólica en la IES que se traducen, principalmente, en limitaciones al ejercicio del libre desarrollo de cátedra, restricciones para opinar o presentar los puntos de vista, dificultades para el reconocimiento de la pluralidad ideológica, tratamiento diferencial por sexo y escasa importancia otorgada a algunas disciplinas. Conclusión: las universidades son estructuras jerárquicas de poder sobre las cuales pueden anidar formas particulares de violencia simbólica que exigen estrategias y líneas de acción particulares desde la gestión humana.

This article aims to analyze the forms and kinds of violence, following the classifications made from the perspective of Peace research, and thus, provide a bridge to Anthropology. In this paper, we set out a summary of reasons, origins, forms, results, ambiguity of the word violence, but above all, the factors that condition the violent behavior of human beings. Following Johan Galtung, we attempt to clarify the types of violence: direct (verbal, psychological and physical); structural (poverty, repression, pollution, alignment, etc.); cultural (from the ideas, norms, values, tradition, etc.); and / or symbolic (demonstrations by acts or rituals that give recognition to direct and structural violence). We recover the concept of Pierre Bourdieu, symbolic violence (manifestations through acts or rituals that give recognition to structural and direct violence); and we present the concept of hybrid violence of Jiménez Bautista that constitutes the sum of the four forms of violence mentioned above. We present a change of a peaceful paradigm from «knowing to understand» to «knowing to transform» and subsequently to «knowing to neutralize». Finally, the central thesis of this paper is that «the human being is conflictive by nature, but is violent due to its education and culture». This thesis is argued by defining three aspects: a) the meaning of violence (‘typically human phenomenon, free biologically, but psychologically voluntary); b) the manifestations of violence, and c) its possible taxonomy.

Objectives: To expose the violence exerted by institutions when they fail to fulfill their obligation to enforce the rights of citizens. Materials and methods: This research is based, on the one hand, on the analysis of the concepts of structural or institutional violence and cultural or symbolic violence as developed by several authors and, on the other hand, on the revision of some of its sociological, legal and ethical manifestations, such as impunity, moral damage and its detection in healthcare. Development: Considerations on the violence suffered by women in the judicial system (in relation to impunity and the low recognition of moral damages) and in the field of healthcare. This type of violence is invisible and protected by certain institutional and symbolic structures. Conclusions: A proposal of research and social actions to expose and eradicate the institutional and symbolic bases of certain types of violence.

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Fondo Editorial Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this work is to provide elements to understand, in a broad way, the violence within medical training, since most of the work on the subject focuses on its consequences: for example, the physical and psychological conditions of violent acts in the medical training. The article begins with the concept of violence proposed by Galtung, that points out direct violence, structural violence and cultural violence. Then, it describes the hegemonic medical model as a sculptor of medical culture and its effect on medical practice and medical education. Afterwards, it describes the medical habitus and the hidden curriculum, two elements of the medical culture. The first one refers to how the medical personnel justifies the use of violence, the second one refers to what is taught about the structure, organization and function of the health institutions. Then, the article reviews the characteristics of the health institutions as spaces where an organized medical practice is crystallized in a rigid, hierarchical and vertical manner. We then focus on the worker/student conflict. These conditions are necessary for the appearance of direct violence in the medical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johan Galtung coined the concept of «triangle of violence» to explain the dynamics of the generation of violence in social conflicts. According to this author, violence is like an iceberg in which the visible violence (or direct violence) is only a part of the conflict, with other more invisible types of violence such as structural violence and cultural violence. Understanding violence, in this case against women, means taking into account the three types of violence. Likewise, in the feminist theory, the presence of a specific type of violence to which women are exposed by their gender and which concerns injuries, physical, sexual, psychological or economic distress was made explicit. From this point of view, violence against women is understood as part of a system of domination or, more specifically, as dominance practices established by men. The purpose of the text presented hereafter is to describe and analyze the various types of violence against women in relation with the uneven situation of women in society. The methodology used has required the consultation of secondary data obtained from official resources, as well as the development of indicators which show the violence experienced by women from the perspective of the «triangle of violence», regarding data in relation with direct, structural or cultural violence. The findings suggest the interrelation of such violence types, specifying that, in all of them, the lesser power and the inequality of women with regard to men constitutes an explanatory factor in the production of violence.

Se hace un análisis del efecto del colonialismo y su violencia cultural sobre los grupos étnicos indígenas y el papel del proceso de reetnización en la redefinición de sus elementos culturales, su salud y las prácticas culturales que les caracterizan actualmente; se ilustró con el ejemplo de la comunidad reetnizada indígena muisca de Cota.

Baseado na compreensão do sociólogo norueguês Johan Galtung acerca dos conflitos sociais, este artigo busca abordar os conceitos de violência estrutural, direta e, sobretudo, a cultural, relacionando-os com uma reflexão de Michael Walzer sobre os limites das ações militares, colocando em pauta a questão da desproporcionalidade entre inimigos, sobretudo tendo em debate o terrorismo como forma de ação de combate nos conflitos contemporâneos. O raciocínio disposto indica que medidas de violência direta extrema por parte das comunidades políticas fracas (como as praticadas no terrorismo, por exemplo) seriam um reflexo da sua falta de recursos em comparação a potências militares tradicionais. A consequência dessas práticas de violência direta extrema é a disseminação de um sentimento de intolerância por parte da sociedade civil (por medo, incompreensão), que constrói os discursos de intolerância, evidenciando-se, portanto, a existência da violência cultural.

The author reflects the construction of national music while the arise of the nation State in Guatemala. This development begins formally while the first decades of the nineteenth century and has not finished yet. For the myth of the Nation state and those who use it for their project of domination it is crucial that national music can be distinguished externally from musics generated by other nations while it can be applied internally for the aim of national homogenisation. Since the middle of the nineteenth century the music is used in Guatemala for the dissemination of ideologies that help to construct this myth. The vernacular music of the Maya people does not follow this logic. Hence it is considered inferior or «incorrect». For the myth of the nation State only the totality of «the people» as an abstract concept can understand and appreciate the national music, but not the concrete or individual group. Assuming this the music is converted into an important tool of a repressive mechanism and deculturation. The marimba thus is the symbol of the nation State in Guatemala. The dictatorships of the army, who were the main responsible of the genocide of the Maya people, declared the chromatic marimba symbol of the nation. After a long history of violence the marimba desindianizada and therefore ladinizada reached the status of the national instrument. While the period of violence the chromatic marimba never ceased to sound in the nightclubs and the elegant restaurants of the Capital. In the meanwhile the Mayas of the highlands hided their K’ojomes in caves and cañons to protect them from the army. Therefore the anarchic and rebellious diversity of the k’ojom’s tuning continues to be the vernacular and secret language of groups and individuals who do not belong to the national reality of the chromatic marimba.

Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Johan Galtung’s 1996 triangular model of violence is applied to the case of gender violence in order to discuss the interactions among the three types of violence (direct, structural and cultural) that are established by the model. Feminist epistemologies give an appropriate framework to analyse the assumptions which build a gender-biased view of the world. This paper takes feminist epistemologies as a point of departure to criticize the invisibility of some facts, namely gender violence and women’s cultural and historical heritage. The paper also argues that the way of thinking on gender identity is a clue to cultural gender violence, particularly symbolic violence. Some concepts elaborated by Chantal Mouffe could help to open more fruitful approaches.

Copyright of Revista de Paz y Conflictos is the property of Revista de Paz y Confilictos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La lógica de la dominación hegemónica establecida en Colombia y América Latina después de la Conquista está basada en un esquema elitista de poder. Usando la perspectiva del sociólogo italiano Vilfredo Pareto, estas élites pueden ser clasificadas en “leones” o “zorros”. Los primeros usan fuerza y violencia (la combinación de Weber) para imponer su soberanía; los segundos, persuasión y mascarada (herrschaft): la propaganda. Este poder está basado en una legitimidad más estable y es capaz de transformarse a sí mismo en una realidad de efecto “Matrix”. Este artículo expone el panorama de los medios comunitarios con una perspectiva étnica en Colombia, que se espera que funcione como un proceso para facilitar la creación de vínculos sociales basados en el diálogo, la reconciliación, el respeto y la participación, actuando como organismo de control del poder económico y político, informando sobre la injusticia en busca de una solución de paz en la región

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el término violencia de género, destacando sus características y potencialidades, tanto teóricas como prácticas. En este sentido, puede definirse la violencia de género como aquella violencia basada en las relaciones y definiciones de género dominantes en una sociedad dada. Partiendo de esta definición, el centro de atención ha de situarse en los fundamentos socioculturales de esta violencia y en las posibles transformaciones que en este ámbito puedan tener lugar.

Copyright of ESPIRAL: Revista de Docencia e Investigación is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Bucaramanga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper addresses the socio-political conflict and direct violence, structural and cultural performing in Colombia comes from the decade of the fifties of last century. From the peace studies and conflict, reflects on the armed confrontation of different perspectives of negotiation between the government and the insurgency, and peace building. Are some significant ideas of civil society organizations around the peace process, and made s ome reflections on the possible scenarios of negative peace, positive and integral with imperfect justice, freedom and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand related to multiculturalism, has reach significance in the discussion about cartoons. That process appears in Chili, from the importation of the concept of multiculturalism discussed in the present text. We propose a concept of cultural violence, as a discursive exercise that emerges in the representation of the ethnic or cultural difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative research was aimed to observe the level of violence in the local news content of the District of Santa Marta, published in newspapers such as: El Informador, Hoy Diario del Magdalena, Ajá y Qué, and Al Día. The analysis characterized the cultural and structural direct violence among the spaces where it usually develops: Nature, Man and Society, according to the theory about the structures of violence in society by Johan Galtung, for the analysis of text structure the approach of Teun Van Dijk was used. Results indicate that the violent events that occurred in greater proportion were observed in environments of humans whose acts constitute direct violence, followed by society, whose acts constitute structural violence, and finally nature, whose acts constitute cultural violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Luna Azul is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper connects two dimensions of violence addressed in the Peace Research Studies. From Galtung's well-known classification, in this essay we connect two types of violence: Structural (exclusion, inequality) and cultural (or the legitimization of violence). This study of inequality in communications is rooted in the intersection of three areas of exclusion in communication and three models which address inequality in communication. This is a theoretical study that deals with the different methodologies used in the study of the phenomenon of communication and their usefulness for the study of inequality in culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this paper (based on a case of study developed in basic education schools), is to show how cultural violence is crystallized towards blind children. This problem crosses by two referrings of interaction and social relationships into the scholastic space. The first one is conformed by normality and anormality parameters from the stigmas' location; and the second one is opposed to the previous tendency in order to minimize the effects of the stigmas, showing them as an unacceptable kind of social segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]