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For typically developing children, the process that allows them to master their first language and to acquire adult-like forms by the age of five is well documented through a large body of research (Brown, 1973; Clark, 2016; Miller & Chapman, 1981). However, for children with congenital severe motor and speech disorders (MSDs) who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) instead of their natural speech to communicate, the situation is much different. The field of AAC is relatively young and very few empirical studies have been conducted on the grammatical development of such children (Binger & Light, 2008; Sutton, Soto, & Blockberger, 2002). The goal of this dissertation is to raise the question: to what extent does the grammatical development of these children differ from that of typically developing children? To answer this question the dissertation is presented in two distinct but related studies examining the developmental patterns of 1) the production of early verb categories and their inflection and 2) the emergence of clause constructions. These studies were conducted by analyzing a corpus of four children, aged 9 to 13 years, with severe motor and speech disorders (MSDs) who used speech generative devices (SGDs) as they interacted with a familiar adult over the period of nine months. This corpus was collected as part of a larger study exploring the effect of conversation-based intervention on the acquisition of vocabulary and grammatical markers by these children (Soto & Clarke, 2017). Implications of this research suggest that children with severe MSDs and no evidence of cognitive impairment develop mental representations similar to typically developing children. This predicts similarities in the emergence of verbal categories, verbal inflection, and complex clause structures. Discrepancies in development are explained in terms of the characteristics and constraints of aided communication. more...

U ovom radu proučava se zastupljenost glagolskih kategorija u dvjema pripovijetkama. Istraživanje je provedeno na pripovijetkama Duga i Muljika Dinka Šimunovića. Analiza glagolskih kategorija provedena je prema sljedećim gramatikama: Glasovi i oblici hrvatskoga književnog jezika Stjepana Babića i suradnika (2007), Hrvatska gramatika Eugenije Barić i suradnika (1995), Gramatika hrvatskoga jezika za gimnazije i visoka učilišta Josipa Silića i Ive Pranjkovića (2005), Praktična hrvatska gramatika Dragutina Raguža (1997) i Uvod u jezičnu morfologiju Ivana Markovića (2012). U uvodnom dijelu osvrnuli smo se na književno stvaralaštvo Dinka Šimunovića i u najkraćim crtama iznijeli osobine dviju njegovih pripovijedaka, Duga i Muljika. Zatim smo dali kratak pregled glagola, glagolskih kategorija i glagolskih oblika. Posebno smo opisali glagolske kategorije te pozornost posvetili glagolskim kategorijama. U istraživačkom dijelu rada analizirali smo kategorije načina, vida, osobe, vremena, stanja, roda, broja i prijelaznosti. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja mogu se primijeniti u daljnjim istraživanjima, s tim da bi se u budućnosti mogla obuhvatiti i druga dijela Dinka Šimunovića ili djela drugih autora u istom razdoblju. This paper analyses the occurrence of verb categories in two stories. The research was conducted on the stories Duga and Muljika by Dinko Šimunović. The analyses of verb categories was conducted according to the following grammar books: Glasovi i oblici hrvatskoga književnoga jezika by Stjepan Babić and associates (2007), Hrvatska gramatika by Eugenija Barić and associates (1995), Gramatika hrvatskoga jezika za gimnazije i visoka učilištaby Josip Silić and Ivo Pranjković (2005), Praktična hrvatska gramatika by Dragutin Raguž (1997) and Uvod u jezičnu morfologiju by Ivan Marković (2012). The introductory part provides an insight into the literary opus of Dinko Šimunović and gives a short reflection of his two stories Duga and Muljika. Furthermore, a brief overview of verbs, verb categories and verb forms is provided. We particularly described the verb categories and paid more attention to verb categories referring to verbs, and no other word categories. The research part explores the categories of kind, aspect, person, time, condition, gender, number and transition. The results of this research may be applied in further research, whereas other works by Dinko Šimunović or by other authors of the same period could be considered in the future. more...

The study concentrates on the positions of self, in which it fulfils the function of a reflexive marker, and primarily on compounds that have a ‘reflexive’ interpretation (self-control in English, Eigenlob/Selbstlob ‘self-praise’ in German, autodérision ‘self-derision’ in French, or önbecsülés ‘self-esteem’ in Hungarian). It examines reflexivization in English, Slovak, Hungarian, Italian, Dutch, Polish and Romanian, focusing on the role of the morpheme self- and its counterparts in these languages. As has been exemplified, the morpheme self- primarily attaches to nouns but to adjectives and verbs as well, and it indicates a reflexive interpretation for these forms. The thesis concentrates on the morphosyntactic properties of SELF-compounds in the above mentioned languages and aims to find out whether it is possible to identify similar or identical strategies of reflexivization on the lexical level as on the syntactic one. The dissertation approaches these compounds from various aspects, and examines the observations that have been stated in former studies (König 2011, Di Sciullo (1996), Artemis Alexiadou (2014)) about the English reflexive nominal compounds in six further languages. Taking into consideration these observations seven hypotheses have been stated and verified within the analysis. This study combines, in essence, two methods, while both of them concentrate on language comparison. Contrastive linguistics and linguistic typology represent similar approaches towards languages, and the work uses elements from both. more...

The study concentrates on the positions of self, in which it fulfils the function of a reflexive marker, and primarily on compounds that have a ‘reflexive’ interpretation (self-control in English, Eigenlob/Selbstlob ‘self-praise’ in German, autodérision ‘self-derision’ in French, or önbecsülés ‘self-esteem’ in Hungarian). It examines reflexivization in English, Slovak, Hungarian, Italian, Dutch, Polish and Romanian, focusing on the role of the morpheme self- and its counterparts in these languages. As has been exemplified, the morpheme self- primarily attaches to nouns but to adjectives and verbs as well, and it indicates a reflexive interpretation for these forms. The thesis concentrates on the morphosyntactic properties of SELF-compounds in the above mentioned languages and aims to find out whether it is possible to identify similar or identical strategies of reflexivization on the lexical level as on the syntactic one. The dissertation approaches these compounds from various aspects, and examines the observations that have been stated in former studies (König 2011, Di Sciullo (1996), Artemis Alexiadou (2014)) about the English reflexive nominal compounds in six further languages. Taking into consideration these observations seven hypotheses have been stated and verified within the analysis. This study combines, in essence, two methods, while both of them concentrate on language comparison. Contrastive linguistics and linguistic typology represent similar approaches towards languages, and the work uses elements from both. more...

Glagolske kategorije akcionalnost i aspekt obilježavaju vremenske i prostorne relacije. Aspekt se bavi vremenskom dimenzijom u smislu njezina trajanja i ograničenja toka radnje. Aspekt je morfologizirana glagolska kategorija u b/h/s jeziku, a akcionalnost leksičko-semantička kategorija. Te dvije kategorije, akcionalnost i aspekt, najčešće su nužno povezane i sa semantičkim obilježjima durativnosti, u b/h/s jeziku najčešće povezano s nesvršenim glagolskim vidom ili svršenim s perfektivnošću ili rezultativnošću npr. (ab-arbeiten = od-raditi; auf-essen = po-jesti; ver-blühen = u-venuti; aus-heilen = izliječiti; ab-schießen = iz-baciti; er-stürmen = za-uzeti). Kako se, naime, u b/h/s, pretežno sintetičkom jeziku, manifestacija kategorije aspekta ostvaruje na leksičkoj razini jezične strukture (tvorbenoj), pri čemu se na istoj razini uz pomoć određenih formalnih jezičnih sredstava determinira i promjena aspekatskih značenja, jasno je zašto se u ovom jeziku proučavanju kategorije aspekta, po mojem mišljenju neopravdano, daje prednost u proučavanju u odnosu na kategoriju akcionalnost (Aktionsart)., Verb categories of actionality and aspect characterise time and place relations. Aspect deals with the time dimension in the sense of its duration and limitation of the action fl ow. Aspect is a morphological verb category in Bosnian/Croat/Serb language, whereas actionality is a lexical-semantic category. These two categories actionality and aspect are also necessarily connected with the semantic features of duration, whereby in Bosnian/Croat/Serb language they are most often connected with non-fi nite and fi nite verb aspect with perfectiveness or outcome e.g. (ab-arbeiten = od-raditi; auf-essen = po-jesti; ver-blühen = u-venuti; aus-heilen = iz-liječiti; ab-schießen = iz-baciti; er-stürmen = za-uzeti). Since in Bosnian/Croat/Serb language, which is predominantly a synthetic language, the demonstration of aspect is realized on the lexical level of language structure (word formational), whereby also the change of the aspect meanings is determined by certain formal language means on the same level, it is clear why the study of the aspect category is given priority, and in my opinion unjustifi ably, in relation to the category of actionality. more...

У раду се разматра конструкција имати + трпни придев у савременом српском језику. Та конструкција је позната у другим словенским језицима под именом посесивни перфекат. Српске граматике је не помињу до најновијег времена, мада појава није потпуно непозната. Аутор је сcби поставио у задатак да опише синтаксичко-семантичке карактеристике посесивног перфекта у српском језику. В настоящей работе рассматривается конструкция имаши + страдательное причастие в современном сербском языке, называемая в славистической литературе пассивным перфектом. Автор исходит из того факта, что данное явление в лингвистической литературе зафиксировано, однако оно недостаточно описано. Поэтому предметом настоящей работы является описание основных морфологических и синтаксичеоко-семантических особенностей поссесивного перфекта в современном сербском языке. Полученные результаты не окончательны и они направляют на вывод, что данный феномен нужно обстоятельно исследовать, подходя к данному вопросу как с точки зрения языковой синхронии, так и с точки зрения языкой диахронии. more...