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Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stress is one of the important phonological concepts regarding syllable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the stress in Ilami Kurdish verbs within the framework of Hayes (1995) Metrical theory. In this research, ten verbs were selected and they were pronounced by five male Kurdish speakers with an average age of 40 to 60 and the ability to read and write. Each word was pronounced by the speakers three times. A total number of 150 spectrograms were produced and analyzed by Praat software. Based on the vowels of each word, the basic frequency, intensity and delay were measured up to three decimals. Then SPSS was used for statistical analysis and graphs were drawn using Excel software. In order to perform statistical analysis, tests such as Kolmogorov Smirnov, t-dependent or paired, Wilcoxon and repeated measurements were applied. The results were as follows: In Ilami Kurdish, the causative factor for the production of the lexical stress is the acoustic correlation of the basic frequency and the place of stress is on one of the first syllables of the word.IntroductionAll lexical units in different languages have a "stress scheme" or "specific stress pattern." This means that one of the syllables in a word, called the “stressed syllable,” has more prominence than others. Hayes (1995), based on a nonlinear concept, showed that to describe stress in any language, two points must be made: first, how to organize strong and weak syllables in feet, and second, how to connect feet and build the vocabularies. He illustrated these two features in the form of a tree diagram called metrics. Based on this, he declared that from the combination of syllables, feet are formed, and from the combination of feet, words are formed. Vocabulary structure in all languages is governed by principles as follows: 1. At the level of feet, each foot has only one strong syllable and zero to several weak syllables. It can be said that just as the number of vowels determines the number of syllables in a word, so does the number of strong syllables. 2. At the word level, there is only one foot that is more prominent than the rest. This foot is called strong, and the rest of the feet are called weak. The main stress of the word always appears in this strong foot. 3. The sum of strong nodes in the stressed foot is greater than the sum of strong nodes in each of the other feet.Hayes, based on a nonlinear concept, stated that to describe stress in any language, two points must be made: first, how to organize strong and weak syllables in feet, and second, how to connect feet and build the vocabularies. He illustrated these two features in the form of a tree diagram called metrics. He declared the patterns of stress to be different in different languages and explained these different patterns with four dual-value parameters: 1.The foundations of any language are either right-dominant or left-dominant. 2. The main stress in any language is either bounded or unbounded. 3. The basis of any language is either quantity-sensitive or quantity-insensitive. 4. Foot construction is made in any language either from left to right or right to left. The purpose of this study is to analyze the stress in Ilami Kurdish verbs within the framework of Hayes' (1995) Metrical Theory. This research aims to provide a new perspective on concepts such as stress and the phonological structure of the Ilami Kurdish dialect, paving the way for more research in different fields of linguistics. In this research, we have tried to answer the following two questions: 1. is the status of stress in the verb phrase of the Kurdish language similar to Persian? 2. on which syllable is the main stress in the category of verbs in Ilami Kurdish?Research on stress in the Persian language has been conducted by domestic and foreign researchers. Studies have shown that some foreign scholars, such as Khodzko (1852) and Phillott (1919), believe that the place of stress in the Persian language, in nouns, derivatives, compounds, adjectives (comparative and superlative), infinitives, and verbs, is on the last syllable. Domestic scholars, including Natel Khanlari (1994), Gholam Alizadeh (2001), Mousavi (2007), Islami (2009), and others, have also considered the place of lexical stress in verbs to be the last syllable. Other researchers, like Abolhasanzadeh (2012), Sadeghi (2016, 2022), and Valadimir (2023), have also worked on stress phenomena in Iranian languages. However, little research has been done on the role of stress in different dialects of Kurdish; this issue has not been studied in Ilami Kurdish.MethodologyIn this research, ten verbs were selected and pronounced by five male Kurdish speakers aged 40 to 60, all of whom were literate. Each word was pronounced by the speakers three times. A total of 150 spectrograms were produced and analyzed using Praat software. Based on the vowels of each word, the fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration were measured to three decimal places. Then, SPSS was used for statistical analysis, and graphs were drawn using Excel software. For statistical analysis, tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, dependent t-test or paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and repeated measurements were applied.ConclusionThe process of conducting this research is based on the two basic questions: 1. Is the status of stress in the verb phrase of the Kurdish language the same as in the Persian language? According to the research of some domestic and foreign scholars, foreign scholars such as Khodzko (1852) believe that the place of stress in the Persian language, particularly in verbs, is on the last syllable. Domestic scholars, including Natel Khanlari (1958), Gholam Alizadeh (2001), Mousavi (2007), and Islami (2009), also believe that the place of lexical stress in verbs is on the last syllable. However, according to the results presented in the data analysis section on Kurdish, it seems that in the category of verbs, unlike in Persian, the stress is not on the last syllable. Instead, the stressed syllable in Kurdish is in the initial part of the word. 2. On which syllable is the main stress in the category of verbs in Ilami Kurdish? The Kurdish stressed syllable is located at the beginning of the word. According to the results of statistical tests, in the verb category, stress in two-syllable words is on the first syllable. With the increase in the number of syllables in the word, which occurs by adding affixes, the second syllable is stressed. There is no stress on the affixes, and the stress is always on one of the initial syllables of the simple word. Thus, in Ilami Kurdish, the causative factor for the production of lexical stress is the acoustic correlation of the fundamental frequency, and the place of stress is on one of the first syllables of the word.

This study analyzed issues surrounding the concept of "stem" in Turkish linguistics. It began by establishing a general framework based on existing definitions of "root" and "stem" in the literature. Subsequently, it analyzed the treatment and examples of "stem" presented in Turkish grammar books published from 1940 to the present. The analysis revealed inconsistencies in the scope and definition of "stem," with terms like "root," "base," "derived root," "closed stem" and "closed form unit" often used interchangeably in examples. These inconsistencies stem not only from varying terminological preferences but also from the challenge of handling words derived from roots that do not exist independently. While some researchers propose adopting the term "base" to address these limitations, modern linguists increasingly favor terms like "form unit" and "word unit."

This study investigates how L2 learners of Korean in foreign language-learning environments manifest the target knowledge as a function of various factors surrounding the learners (e.g., L2 textbook input, language-specific properties, general language-use experience in class), specifically concerning the learners' written production of the postposition–verb pair in a locative postposition–verb construction. For this purpose, we analyze two textbook types and learner writing from two L1 groups, focusing on postposition/verb use, Type–Token Ratio, and keyness. We find some meaningful relationships, but also inconsistencies, between L2 textbook input and L2 written production regarding this construction. We discuss implications of the findings with respect to how L2 knowledge is shaped at the interface of L2-textbook characteristics, language-specific properties involving the target knowledge, learners' L1, and general language-use experience in class. Based on the results, we also discuss pedagogical implications, with emphasis on (methods and technologies of) utilizing the existing corpora for instructional purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research in Western Iranian Languages & Dialects is the property of Razi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines how the lexicon is organized in a typical South Central language. Items like nouns, verbs, and adverbial expressions belong to open classes; pronominals, demonstratives, numerals, quantifiers, interjections, onomatopoetic words, and case markers form closed classes. Directionals, tense/aspect markers, valence-changing elements, verbal classifiers, elaborate expressions, and reduplicative patterns are treated as bound elements.

В статье приводится когнитивно-семиотический анализ семантической структуры глагола слуховой перцепции иһит в якутском языке. Как знак-индекс слуховая перцепция рассматривается с точки зрения семиотики, а как сложный культурный символ он исследуется методами когнитивной лингвистики. Слуховая перцепция как средство восприятия и означивания мира имеет специфические способы репрезентации в якутском языке, их когнитивно-семиотическое описание является целью настоящей статьи. Материалом исследования послужил «Большой толковый словарь якутского языка» под редакцией П. А. Слепцова. Корпус языковых примеров позаимствован из словарных статей данного словаря. Они в основном относятся к художественному дискурсу с указанием автора. Привлекались данные переводного онлайн-словаря https://sakhatyla.ru/. В работе применяется когнитивно-семиотический подход, подразумевающий описание семантической структуры исследуемого глагола в контексте семиотики и когнитивной науки, анализируя контексты, рассматриваем репрезентацию категории перцепции в качестве культурного символа якутского этноса. Когнитивная структура глагола слуховой перцепции иһит в якутском языке обладает большим количеством концептуальных признаков, вербализующих различные параметры как собственно слухового восприятия, так и (в результате развития переносных значений в процессе речепроизводства) множества проявлений внешнего и внутреннего мира человека. Как показал когнитивно-семиотический анализ семантической структуры глагола иһит, он реализует в различных контекстах следующие концептуальные признаки: контролируемость/неконтролируемость, кратковременность, ментальность, опосредованность, уверенное знание, готовность, послушание, убежденность и др. Были выделены следующие параметры слуховой перцепции, реализуемые глаголом иһит в фразеологических единицах: временной, пространственный, качественный, модальный. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что слуховая перцепция в якутской языковой картине мира тесно связана с ментальной сферой человека, так как центральным в когнитивной струкутуре глагола иһит является концептуальный признак бил «знать, узнать». Слуховая перцепция в якутском языке прежде всего – узнавание.

Copyright of Journal of Young Intellectuals / Genç Mütefekkirler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Young Intellectuals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology is the property of Journal of Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dynamics of information transmission through the lexical system during written word production remain underspecified. Existing studies largely come from noun production, relatively less work has explored verb production. Verbs, representing actions or states, are considered more abstract and are found to be more challenging to be produced. The present study investigated phonological involvement and the principles governing information flow during Chinese written verb production. Participants wrote down single verbs and verb phrases while ignoring phonologically related, or unrelated distractor pictures. Results revealed phonological facilitation effects on writing latencies from phonologically related distractors in the verb phrase generation. Findings provide novel chronometric evidence that information transmission during written production involves cascaded activation allowing multiple phonological codes to be activated prior to written output. This phonological facilitation effect signifies the influence of phonology, especially lexical phonology, has been underestimated in writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractProduction of verb morphology, especially tense inflection, is usually impaired in individuals with agrammatism. There have been relatively few studies on treatment of verb tense inflection in agrammatic aphasia. In this study we adapted ACTION (a linguistically motivated treatment) to Persian language, to treat the production of regular and irregular verbs separately in sentence context. A single-subject multiple-baseline across behaviors design was used to establish the treatment effect. Using a non-probable convenience sampling, four Persian agrammatic patients with Broca’s aphasia resulting from cerebrovascular accident (CVA) were recruited for this study. Two participants received treatment first for regular verbs (Phase 1, 4 weeks), and then for irregular verbs (Phase 2, 4 weeks). The other two participants received treatment in reverse order. In the final phase of treatment (Phase 3, 4 weeks), all 4 participants underwent a sentence construction treatment. All participants showed improvement in the production of trained tenses. Treatment also generalized to production of untrained regular verbs while generalization to irregular verbs was modest. Furthermore, improvement was found on narrative scores (e.g. MLU) after treatment. These findings suggest that Persian individuals with agrammatism could be trained to correctly apply temporal information to verb inflection in elicited speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current report is to study the effects of language distance on noun and verb processing in bilingual speakers. We recruited two groups of bilingual speakers: one group spoke two typologically distant languages (Cantonese and English) and the other group spoke two typologically similar languages (Mandarin and Cantonese). Participants named object and action pictures in their first language. We controlled psycholinguistic properties of words such as frequency, AoA, imageability, name agreement, visual complexity, familiarity, and participants' bilingual language experiences. Our findings revealed a significant role for language distance. We observed a difference between noun and verb processing in the similar language pair (Mandarin–Cantonese) due to interference induced by language similarity. However, in the distant language pair (Cantonese–English), the difference disappeared because of the lack of cross-language interference. Our findings support that current and future models of bilingual language processing should take into account the effects of language distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the multi-word verbs, which are very common in English, but are acknowledged as difficult to acquire by nonnative learners of English. Phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs serve an idiomatic purpose. Therefore, they should not be taken literally; rather, they have a figurative or metaphorical meaning. The existence of a simple notional verb in a synonymic relationship with a verb with an adverbial particle determines the non-native English speakers to avoid the latter. From the perspective of the Romanian language, where such constructions do not exist, it is obvious that the attempt to avoid verbs with an adverbial particle and the preference for simple verbs will be more significant as the semantic transparency of the English verbal construction is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the central debates in current Linguistics revolves around the consideration of the grammatical categories of noun and verb as discrete or gradual categories. In this work, I start from the evidence on the acquisition, processing, and production of these two lexical classes in healthy speakers and speakers with language or cognitive impairments to argue that, from a neurocognitive perspective, they are discrete. Additionally, I analyze the type of conditioning of categorical dissociation in order to argue that the proceduralization of linguistic function during the lifespan leads to the generation of the grammatical-semantic nature of lexical classes. In doing so, I review and analyze the results of a series of experimental studies, mainly neurofunctional and neurocognitive in nature, which allow me to compare categorical dissociation and its causative dissociation in children, adults, and elderly individuals with both healthy and different types of cognitive disorders (SLI, ASD; aphasias; SD, and AD). The main conclusion of my work is that, in neurocognitive terms, nouns and verbs are discrete grammatical categories, which develop grammatical-semantic graduality with the proceduralization of language function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through consultations with the online version of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), this study focuses on distinguishing between the two synonymous verbs 'restrict' and 'constrain', both part of Coxhead's (2000) Academic Word List, in terms of formality and collocations. The COCAinformed findings revealed that both near-synonyms are most prevalent in academic genres, sharing an equally high level of formality, and exhibit six overlapping groups of noun collocates. Interestingly, the target synonyms, along with their left- and right-sided noun collocates, form context-specific clusters. The verb 'restrict' is associated with terms related to governance and rights (i.e., laws and regulations restrict liberties) while 'constrain' with governance and commerce (i.e., rules constrain spending). The two are also characterized by unique patterns of collocating with nouns that have opposite morphological meanings: 'restrict' pairs with noun collocates containing morphemes representing inbound activities (e.g., acc-in access, as in restrict access), while 'constrain' with those indicating outbound directions (e.g., ex- in expansion, as in constrain expansion). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanica Olomucensia is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BUGU Journal of Language & Education is the property of BUGU Journal of Language & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The “The aspect of the Bulgarian verb” is a subject discussed by many Bulgarian experts and other linguists. There are nearly no linguists that haven’t expressed their opinions on varieties such as aspect; count of types in the Bulgarian language; types of pairs; meaning of different types; usage, etc. Here, I am going to review only forms such as “оценям“, as nowadays they are often used and they have caused some disagreements. There were suggested to be incorrect, and dialectal. The author believes they are the older form of the new version, for instance –“оценявам“, which holds the same meaning. The older forms are making a comeback in the Bulgarian language, due to the principle of shortening the speech and the words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the first attempt to describe the quantification contrasts of verbs belonging to lexical series dělati – sъdělati, dějati – sъdějati, tvoriti – sъtvoriti. Quantification is understood as a quantitative measurement of qualitative characteristics, namely grammatical parameters of lexical units. The research is based on the “Manuscript” historical corpus. For the analysis, the author selects the Gospels and Chronicles subcorpora; birchbark letters data are also involved. The author discovers that the named verb pairs express the aspectual meaning as long as they are represented by identical lexical meanings. The entire lexical range is related by synonymy. Secondary imperfectivation led to the series expansion with three more lexemes: sъdělovati, sъděvati, sъtvarjati. The quantification results demonstrate a group of contrasting correlations: a quantitative predominance of the verb pair tvoriti – sъtvoriti; a larger quantitative weight of the perfective verb, unlike the other two verb pairs; a notice- able quantitative predominance of Present forms, primarily from imperfective verbs in the Gospels; a significant predominance of perfective Aorist forms, and so on. The contrasting relations reveal the discursive features of texts, as well as the special role of the tvoriti – sъtvoriti verbs in expressing predication and substitution. The replacement of the tvoriti verb with the dělati verb is first noticed in the Suzdal Chronicle.

The article is devoted to the problem of neologization of the semantic and word-formation subsystem of Russian verbs. The trends of this process are determined in relation to the Old Russian language of the 15 th – 17 th centuries. The main object of study is suffixal verbal neologisms formed during a given period in language development according to traditional and new word-formation models. The peculiarities of verbal neologisms formation with prefixes are described using the material of derived verbs with prefixed formants do-, po-, ot- and za-. Particular attention is paid to the issue of confixation, which, as a regular method of word building, begins to take shape in the Old Russian language. The material for the analysis was comprised of the data from the “Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 11 th – 17 th centuries”. The application of a complex semantic and word-formation, as well as functional-semantic methodology for analyzing linguistic material has enabled the authors to identify trends in neologization of Old Russian verbal vocabulary: active formation of evolutive verbs and verbs with general semantics of activity and behaviour, the formation of new types of derivatives with the suffixes -irova-, -izirova-, -nicha-, regular occurrence in the language system of verbs, which denote particular types of verbal action, characterized by prefixes. It is shown that confixal derivatives appear as correlatives with the prefixal ones, and that these models can correlate and compete.

The relevance of the study is proved by the fact that the category of destructiveness and the means of its implementation have not received any detailed analysis in linguistics so far. The object of the study is comprised of the verbs with destructive meaning in the Russian and Serbian languages, since these units form the core of the lexical- semantic field of destructiveness. The purpose of the article is to give a comprehensive (multi-level) description of verbs with the semantics of destructiveness, to highlight their specificity in the languages compared. It has been established that in the Russian and Serbian languages, verbs with the semantics of destructiveness fall into four groups: verbs with the meaning of damage; disappearance; destruction, decomposition; harm. It is shown that destructive verbs are characterized by a specific paradigmatic defect caused by semantic barriers. The comparison of the paradigms of verbs with a destructive meaning in the Russian and Serbian languages revealed that in both languages these units are characterized by two-term paradigms, in the Russian language there are verbs with a five-term paradigm, in the Serbian language such units are not represented. It has been revealed that the filling of zero paradigmatic positions in verbs with a five-term paradigm occurs through analytical constructions; verbs with a two-term paradigm do not need to be replaced, since they denote destructive actions, which do not require the forms of the 1 st or 2 nd person.

Fast-localized electron loss, resulting from interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, can produce deepening minima in phase space density (PSD) radial profiles. Here, we perform a statistical analysis of local PSD minima to quantify how readily these are associated with radiation belt depletions. The statistics of PSD minima observed over a year are compared to the Versatile Electron Radiation Belts (VERB) simulations, both including and excluding EMIC waves. The observed minima distribution can only be achieved in the simulation including EMIC waves, indicating their importance in the dynamics of the radiation belts. By analyzing electron flux depletions in conjunction with the observed PSD minima, we show that, in the heart of the outer radiation belt (L* < 5), on average, 53% of multi-MeV electron depletions are associated with PSD minima, demonstrating that fast localized loss by interactions with EMIC waves are a common and crucial process for ultra-relativistic electron populations.

In the present study, we reported two experiments that examined how syntactic category information affects the acquisition of ambiguous words in second language (L2). Chinese-English bilinguals were instructed to learn a set of English pseudowords to simulate ambiguous words' learning process. Each ambiguous pseudoword was paired with two unrelated Chinese meanings, which either belonged to the same syntactic category (i.e., both were nouns or both were verbs) or belonged to different syntactic categories (i.e., one was a noun and the other one was a verb or vice versa). The results from translation recognition and L2-L1 production tasks showed that ambiguous words with two noun meanings were easier to learn than ambiguous words with one noun meaning and one verb meaning (Experiment 1). Ambiguous words with one verb meaning and one noun meaning were easier to learn than those with two verb meanings (Experiment 2). These results suggest that the syntactic categorical structure of an L2 ambiguous word impacts the whole word's learning efficiency, and noun meanings facilitate the learning performance of L2 ambiguous words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of our contribution is to find an adequate methodological platform for describing and explaining the so-called inter-paradigmatic transition of Slovak verbs from the conjugation prototype česať ("to comb", 1483 lexemes) to the conjugation prototype chytať ("to catch"). This transition is not linear and smooth. We understand the description of the given phenomenon as the construction of a linguistic model – a "transition scheme" – based on systemic linguistics (specifically, functional and structural linguistics). This platform, with the concepts of function, norm, system, center, and periphery, is compatible with the cognitive concepts of prototype and continuum, which we include in the construction of the model as certain components of the user and practical dimensions. From the point of view of formal morphology, we rely most on the description system of Slovak conjugation by M. Sokolová (2019). We drew material from the Orthographic and Grammatical Dictionary and verified the occurrence of variants on the set of corpora Omnia Slovaca IV consisting of the Slovak National Corpus, specialized corpora and web corpora. We conclude that the goal of the analyzed cross-paradigmatic movement is not the transition of verbs from the prototype česať to the prototype chytať, but rather the optimal balance of definite and indefinite forms of each verb with regard to the defined conjugation prototype under the simultaneous interaction of pragmatic, frequency and phonological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the syntactic-semantic analysis of the verb przydarzyć się ‘to happen’. In the beginning, the contexts of use of the verb, as well as the proportional patterns in which it can be included were scrutinised. Then, after extracting the relevant language unit constituted by the verb, negative linguistic material, including test sentences containing a contradiction, was analysed. The elimination contrast test, in turn, revealed the mutual arrangement of the thematic and rhematic elements in the sentences under consideration. The aforementioned research procedures made it possible to reconstruct the semantic structure of the verb przydarzyć się. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of an explication of its meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Languages & Literature / Magallat Gami'at Al-Anbar Li-Lugat Wa-al-Adabl is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research investigates the system of the Indo-European verb through the lens of Gustave Guillaume's psycho-systematics theory. By employing "mental vision" and phenomenology, the linguistic concept was explored at multiple levels: the surface structure of language in speech and the deeper level within the Indo-European language system. The analysis of the tense system of the Indo-European verb starts with the ontologisation of a person in both the world and language. This perspective highlights the taxonomic relevance of philosophical factors that shape the development of the "image of time" from a prehistoric viewpoint within the Indo-European language family. The purpose of this research is to delve into the Indo-European verb system using Gustave Guillaume's psycho-systematics theory as the theoretical framework. To achieve this, the authors draw on examples from French, English, Ukrainian, and Russian languages. The study aims to examine the process of the Indo-European verb's development within the ontological opposition of space and time and the ontological status of the grammatical tense and mood categories in the Indo-European verb system. It was discovered that grammatical forms of verbs in the Indo-European language family provide insights into their formal essence. These forms represent the "positions" they occupy within the ontological dialectical relationship of space, time, language, and thinking. The research sheds light on the Indo-European verb system by applying Guillaume's psycho-systematics theory. By clarifying the relationship between space, time, language, and thinking, a deeper understanding of linguistic structures and how they reflect human cognition and conceptualization of action can be gained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The bilingual backgrounds of speakers, the lack of loyalty to the target language, the limited knowledge of the vocabulary of the target language, the need for synonyms, the taking into consideration of prestige and style, and the inadequate command of the target language are just a few of the things that contribute to language interference. One type of language interference that occurs is interference where a native speaker uses a pattern or rule that leads to an error or incorrect form in the target language. The use of two or more languages by a speech community causes deviations in morphology, syntax, phonology, and even semantics. This deviation will result in a linguistic phenomenon known as interference. This research aimed to determine whether the Mongondow dialect can interfere with students' learning of Indonesian. The researcher wanted to investigate the impact of students' Mongondow dialect particularly when communicating in diverse cultural environments. The researcher described the difficulties students had in forming verbs with affixation in the Mongondow local dialect in their learning of the Indonesian language. The researcher also identified factors that indicate how the local dialect can interfere with students' language skills. A qualitative descriptive method was chosen for the study because it is suitable for collecting data on the students' perceptions through semi-structured interviews. The researcher interviewed Indonesian teachers and students to understand why they ask certain types of questions during the teaching and learning process. The analysis of students' interferences in Indonesian learning revealed that the use of the Mongondow dialect in communication had a positive impact on the oral performance of students. Moreover, it also increased their motivation to learn and helped teachers build their self-confidence. Additionally, utilizing various media and facilities proved to be beneficial in promoting active learning among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Majales Sab'a is one of the important works of Jalaluddin Mowlavi, which consists of seven sermons. This type of prose is called rhetorical prose and inspires the highest thoughts through the simplest logical forms. It has been used by great people such as Khawja Abdullah Ansari, Abu Saeed, Abul Fatah Shahreshtani, Rozbehan Baghli, Baha Ould, Mowlavi, Shams Tabriz and Saadi. The most important feature of this type of prose is its closeness to the spoken language, which is sometimes mixed with literary prose; the simplicity of the prose and lack of embellishment are among its characteristics as well. Compound verb is one of the most important grammatical topics and its correct usage makes the prose solid and well-founded. Considering this fact and the status of Majales Saba' and its linguistic features, the present article, with a descriptive-analytical method, explores the usage of compound verbs in Jalal al-Din Mowlavi’s Majales Saba'. The use of verbs in these texts helps us find the natural usage at that time and their precise grammatical analysis. In this research, we found that Rumi paid more attention to the use of simple verbs, and in many cases, he used many simple verbs from the same root or from different roots consecutively or with a short distance. Sometimes the simple and compound forms of a verb are combined. Some compound verbs are also affected by the existence of Arabic words in the structure of compound verbs, and although they are used in simple form in Arabic, they have become compound verbs in Farsi and Majales Sab'a. Saj’a (literally meaning musicality) also causes the usage of compound or simple verb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is increasing evidence that face-to-face treatments for verb and sentence production deficits in aphasia can be effective. However, very few studies have investigated supplementing such treatments with self-managed computer-based home practice. Given the increasing importance of computer-based aphasia treatment, it is imperative that the feasibility of this mode of delivering verb and sentence treatments is explored. This study explored the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a novel computer-based treatment for sentence production deficits in aphasia, delivered by a combination of face-to-face and self-managed treatment sessions. The effect of treatment on verb and sentence production, discourse and functional communication was assessed. The study used a pre-post design with six single cases: three males and three females aged 49 – 81 years. The Sentence Production Treatment (SPT) was developed based on the evidence from systematic reviews of verb-in-isolation and sentence treatments respectively. The SPT was low dose (8 hours) and clinician delivered, supplemented by a minimum set level (16 hours) of self-managed computer-based treatment. The feasibility of the SPT was investigated by: monitoring recruitment and retention of participants; logging any technical issues; assessing the fidelity of face-to-face treatment delivery using checklists; and monitoring compliance with self-delivered treatment. The SPT was found to be feasible and acceptable to the six participants. Treatment effects were noted on trained verb production and sentence production for five participants each. Generalisation to untrained verb and sentence targets and discourse was more limited, however four participants perceived functional communication improvements. The study represents the first preliminary evidence that a computer-based sentence level treatment for sentence production deficits in aphasia, which included a self-managed component, is feasible and can be effective. Given these overall positive findings of feasibility and benefit, further feasibility testing is warranted, exploring intervention refinement and candidacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a comparative analysis of phraseological units which contain human body parts. The purpose of this study is to study the phraseological units and to identify their main similarities and differences. The comparative analysis was conducted on the basis of two languages belonging to the same language group: Kazakh and Turkish. The materials of the study were phraseological units functioning in the Kazakh and Turkish languages, extracted from the phraseological dictionaries by the sampling method. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is the experience of a detailed comparative analysis of the semantics of phraseological units containing human body parts in two single-systems, genetically close languages - Kazakh and Turkish. The main research methods were: comparative and comparative methods and descriptive methods. The scientific significance of this work lies in the fact that the differences between the phraseological expressions in the Kazakh and Turkish languages have been established as a result of the study. Often the same phenomenon is conveyed completely differently, different images and metaphors are used. Even more frequent is the use of different verbs in the same phraseology. The conclusions obtained during the research work make it possible to qualify, in fact, that the bulk of the phraseological units of the Kazakh and Turkish languages related to human body parts are mostly identical with each other, despite the fact that quite often the Kazakh and Turkish languages use different verbs to convey the same image. It should be noted that the commonality of culture and religion could not but play a role in the formation of the phraseological composition of the two languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the problem of the existence of the empty prefixes the Old Bulgarian language. The linguistic material is collected from dictionaries and archives. Althought the research, by its nature, is interdisciplinary the main method is linguistic. The object of study are several verbs which form aspectual pairs (лѫчт : раꙁлѫчт; сѣшт : прѣсѣшт; ст : прост; любт : въꙁлюст). On theoretical perspective, the analysis of the article is based on the use of the Wey-Schoneveld effect, nowadays widely spread in Russian aspectology. The main purpose of the article is to analyze that prefixes which in the verbal derivation change only aspectual meaning of the imperfective verb. According to the fact that the prefix becomes aspectual when its semantic is similar to the semantic of the original verb (Wey-Schoneveld effect), we are trying to discover approaches when the polysemantic has made that semantic connection difficult to feel. Sometimes, in order to reveal the semantic relationship between the prefix on the one hand and the imperfect verb on the other, we need deep knowledge of the nature of the phenomenon that this verb names.

Verbs in Arabic Language are preceded with specific prepositions: each preposition is called sila for the verb it precedes to. A difference of opinion exists among exegetists and Quran scholars about these prepositions followed by a non-dedicated verb which are used at variance in rhetoric and syntax. Rhetorically, it refers to metaphorical as of majāz, allegory, symbolism and simile whereas syntactically it clears the position of verb and assists in giving the required meaning accordingly. This research aims at a stylistic, rhetoric and syntactic analysis of these preceding prepositions through an empirical study.

Synthetic and Analytical Means of Expressing Aktionsart in the Ukrainian and Serbian Languages The paper analyzes the aktionsart verb classes and aktionsart constructions as means of expressing aktionsart in the Ukrainian and Serbian languages. We single out four complexes of aktionsart meanings: phasal, determinative, plural, and gradual. For each of them, we determine the type and composition of the means of expression with the aim of observing the mutual relationship between these means and the similarities and differences in their functioning in the analyzed languages. Based on the analysis, we conclude that analytical means, although not central, are relatively represented in both languages, especially in the sphere of qualitative aktionsart, and that, although there are appropriate word-formation models in both languages, the Serbian language favors analytical, and the Ukrainian synthetic means of expressing aktionsart. Syntetyczne i analityczne środki wyrażania akcjonalności w języku ukraińskim i serbskim W artykule przeanalizowano aktionsarten czasowników oraz konstrukcji jako sposoby wyrażania akcjonalności w językach ukraińskim i serbskim. Wyróżniamy cztery klasy znaczeń akcjonalnych – fazowość, determinatywność, mnogość i stopniowość – i dla każdego z nich ustalamy typ i skład środków wyrażania w celu zdefiniowania wzajemnych relacji między tymi środkami, jak też podobieństwa i różnice w ich funkcjonowaniu w analizowanych językach. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy dochodzimy do wniosku, że środki analityczne, choć nie centralne, są stosunkowo często reprezentowane w obu językach, zwłaszcza w sferze jakościowej aktionsart, i że choć w obu językach istnieją odpowiednie modele słowotwórcze, to język serbski jest bardziej skłonny do analitycznych, a ukraiński do syntetycznych środków wyrażania aktionsarten.

Innovative Aspects of Metonymies in Brazzavillois' Everyday Discourse This article examines the innovative aspects of metonymies in the everyday speech of Brazzavillois residents, who live in an environment influenced by both the French language and local languages. The primary goal of the study is to discern the network of metonymies in oral communication and to identify the stylistic reasons for their expressive use in Brazzaville French.The chosen methodology involves compiling a corpus sourced from recordings, posters, and various daily uses related to the professional and linguistic habits of the Brazzaville community. Data selection criteria prioritize relevance and qualitative value. Utilizing this corpus, we applied the linguistic components criteria and the implicit approach developed by Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1998), along with the ellipsis approach proposed by Michel Le Guern (1973). This application aims to elucidate the discursive implications of metonymy in everyday conversation, seeking to verify how metonymic expressions illuminate the subjectivity, culture, and language proficiency of the speaker. Furthermore, metonymies in oral communication hold implicit value as they allow for the examination of undisclosed informational content omitted by the speaker through ellipses. The ellipsis approach aids in analyzing metonymy as a process that accentuates the container, with the content being elliptically placed by the speaker based on communication needs, intending to magnify a salient element of metonymic adjacency. Our anticipated results are expected to confirm that metonymy actively contributes to the semantic innovation of French in the Brazzaville context. This is attributed to its discursive techniques, particularly the containing/content relationship, which remains a decisive factor in semantic evolution and polysemy. Additionally, metonymy, being a figure of everyday life, permeates various domains such as family, professional settings, religious language, and even in journalism. It is commonly employed in familiar discourse, the realm of transportation, educational institutions, and commercial communication. This usage often arises from the application of verbs like 'pay' and 'buy,' where the content is replaced by the container (e.g., the bottle replaces the gas, and the invoice replaces the company). In conclusion, our findings indicate that metonymy in oral communication is not merely a tool for aesthetic language creation; rather, it emerges as a phenomenon driving linguistic innovation. It adds new layers of meaning to verbs like 'buy' and 'pay' within the specific context of Brazzaville, contributing to a diatopic variation of French in Africa.

В статье исследуется роль редуплицированных глагольных сочетаний в передаче модальной семантики. Цель данной работы заключается в комплексном описании глагольной редупликации как одного из специфических репрезентантов модальности в якутском языке. В рамках структурно-функционального подхода рассмотрены особенности образования данных конструкций и выражаемые ими значения в якутском языке. Установлен перечень устойчивых модальных сочетаний, образованных при помощи как полной редупликации, так и путем сочетания различных форм от одной и той же глагольной основы. Выявлены также универсальные модели образования редуплицированных конструкций от различных основ глаголов, участвующие в передаче модальной семантики. Оттенки значений рассмотренных сочетаний включают как субъективное отношение говорящего (одобрение, безразличное допущение, осуждение, возмущение, предположение и т.п.), так и эмоциональное подчеркивание тех или иных характеристик действия.

This brief research report presents a comparison of the early verb productions of four children acquiring the Papuan language Nungon as a first language. A previous case study examined only verb productions of the child TO; these are now compared with those from three other children, studied from ages 1;1-2;7 (non-dense corpus; one child, AB) and ages 2;4-2;7 (dense corpora; two children, MK and MF). Two of the most striking features of TO's early verb productions are shown to be outliers relative to the other three children: her 'root nominals' stage and her delayed near future tense production. Neither of these is transparently linked to patterns in her parents' child-directed speech. The other children also display differing strategies into language production. The dense corpus is beneficial for catching tokens of less-frequent inflections, but the frequent long recording sessions may be difficult for at least one child to tolerate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)