839 results on '"vents"'
Search Results
2. Fleet‐wide acceptance of escape gaps and their utility for reducing bycatch in south‐eastern Australian Portunus armatus traps.
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Barnes, Thomas C., Broadhurst, Matt K., and Johnson, Daniel D.
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PORTUNUS , *BLUE crab , *ESTUARIES , *ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
In response to widescale, voluntary uptake of escape gaps by commercial trappers using collapsible netted cylindrical (or "round") traps targeting blue swimmer crabs, Portunus armatus, in south‐eastern Australia, an observer‐based study was used to assess the adoption and effectiveness of the most common escape gaps across two estuaries responsible for >70% of all harvest. Five observers collected data from 5710 deployments of round traps over 116 days. Among 60% of round traps with escape gaps, 73% were rectangular shaped, and the rest were either circular or square. Catches were dominated by P. armatus (93%), but ~60% were undersized (<65‐mm carapace length; CL). Compared with round traps with no escape gaps, traps with a rectangular design consistently retained fewer undersized P. armatus (by up to 54%); similar to earlier, manipulative experiments. However, unlike previous observations, escape‐gap performance did not significantly improve with increasing catches of P. armatus. Eventual 100% adoption of escape gaps should enable large numbers of undersized P. armatus to escape traps and avoid discarding each year in south‐eastern Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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3. Mixing of endogenous CO2 and meteoric H2O causes extremely efficient carbonate dissolution.
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Wróblewski, Wojciech, Bella, Pavel, Drewnik, Marek, Duliński, Marek, Gradziński, Michał, Motyka, Jacek, Nęcki, Jarosław, and Sala, Przemysław
- Published
- 2024
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4. Vents
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Quarles, Stephen L., Gorham, Daniel J., Suzuki, Sayaka, Section editor, and Manzello, Samuel L., editor
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- 2020
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5. Angularly Independent Frequency Selective Surface With Good Ventilation for Millimeter Wave EM Shielding.
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Yan, Liping, Xu, Liuliu, Gao, Richard Xian-Ke, Zhang, Jinghan, Yang, Xuping, and Zhao, Xiang
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FREQUENCY selective surfaces , *MILLIMETER waves , *ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding , *ELECTRONIC systems - Abstract
A distinctive frequency selective surface (FSS) to effectively enhance the electromagnetic shielding performance of high-speed electronic systems while preserving good mechanical ventilation is proposed in this article. The FSS consists of periodic segmented circular patterns in two-dimensional view and hollow vent holes in spatial, which exhibits a wide 2 GHz stopband at the interested frequency of 28 GHz. The new design also demonstrates stability to wave oblique incidence and polarization. The FSS shielding panel is prototyped and measured for validation. A satisfactory agreement between simulation and physical experiment is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Thermodynamic Analysis of Explosive Events in Manholes and Electrical Vaults.
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Black, W. Z., Snodgrass, Robert E., and Walsh, Bryan P.
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GAS explosions , *COMPUTER programming , *FIRST responders , *EXPLOSIVES detection , *HAZARDS - Abstract
A computer code is used to simulate the conditions that exist during a manhole event consisting of an electrical fault and a gas explosion. When energy is generated within the structure, pressures can reach levels sufficient to propel the cover from its frame. The code quantifies the effects of the event and provides guidelines for the design of safety devices that can minimize the potential danger of the event. Differences between chemically-driven and electrically-driven events are shown to require different design criteria for cover restraint systems. Devices designed to restrain the cover must be able to withstand explosive forces and react in sufficient time to reduce internally generated pressures. By understanding the fundamental characteristics of arcing faults and gas explosions and their effect on the internally generated pressures, safety devices can be designed to mitigate the effects of the event in manholes and vaults and thereby reduce the potential danger to maintenance crews, first responders and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
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7. Numerical heat transfer analysis and development of a heat removal system for an unshaded parked car in sunny day: computational fluid dynamics study.
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Rath, Vishal Shankar, Senthilkumar, S., and Deep, Dewanshu
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HEAT , *HEAT transfer , *RESISTANCE thermometers , *SOLAR cycle , *TEMPERATURE control , *SOLAR surface , *COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics - Abstract
Increase in air temperature inside a parked car cabin causes negative impacts such as low thermal comfort, health risk for the passengers/pets inside the cabin, increased fuel consumption due to higher air-conditioning requirements. The present project focuses on methods to reduce the cabin temperatures for a car parked in unshaded condition. CFD analyses along with experimental validation have been performed with the use of different proposed cabin temperature control methods such as use of electrochromic tint on windshield, use of inlet and outlet vents, lowering of windows and combinations of these. Commercial CFD package ANSYS Fluent has been utilized to develop a numerical model for car cabin temperature distribution assessment when a parked car is subjected to solar load at different locations inside the cabin such as dashboard, seats and boot. A solar surface to surface radiation model is used in conjunction with solar calculator to capture the solar radiation that included change in position of the sun. A 5:1 scale down model of car cabin has been used for experimental validation with the help of help of PT-100 resistance thermometers. Good reduction in cabin temperatures has been observed for all the proposed cooling methods with 14 °C reduction for the combined tint, vents and lowered windows case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Experimental Study of Arc Motion Near Splitter Plates in Low-Voltage Switching Devices.
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Shin, Dongkyu, Bull, Thomas G., and McBride, John W.
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SURFACE plates , *IMAGING systems , *OPTICAL images , *OPTICAL switches - Abstract
Switching performance of a low-voltage switching device (LVSD) is determined by limiting current and stopping re-ignition. This is strongly influenced by how the arc moves inside the LVSD quenching chamber during the switching process. Improved switching performance is achieved when the arc quickly enters and stays inside the splitter plates of the LVSD, with the arc attached to the surface of the plates. This article studies arc motion around splitter plates in LVSDs and the correlation with arc voltage. Arc motion is investigated using a high-speed optical arc imaging system (AIS). It is observed that the arc fluctuates as it enters the splitter plates, with periods inside the plates followed by sudden re-strikes of the arc roots outside the plates. The AIS system allows the measurement of arc displacement and a correlation with the arc voltage. The results show two phases, with a narrow correlation while the arc in the chamber out of the splitter plates and a distributed correlation while in the splitter plates. Further, a new performance parameter the splitter time (ST) ratio is defined. The influence of the ST ratio on the chamber vent design is investigated. It is found that with wider and well-distributed vent apertures, the ST ratio is higher than with a closed vent, and arc motion on entry to the plates is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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9. Investigation Into Low Frequency Response of Acoustic MEMS for Determination of Failure Modes.
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Hantos, Gergely and Desmulliez, Marc P. Y.
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FAILURE mode & effects analysis , *ION beams , *MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems , *LASER drilling , *FAULT location (Engineering) , *FOCUSED ion beams - Abstract
Frequency response to stimuli applied to acoustic micro-electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) yield meaningful information of certain defects affecting such devices. This article presents the effects of three distinct root causes of failures affecting the low-frequency response of MEMS microphones: lid attach holes, die attach holes and broken vents with experimental inductions of these effects for the lid attach holes and broken vents. Methods to create such defects are presented which include laser drilling and focused ion beam machining of holes. A complete characterization of induced broken vents is presented. Alternative locations for defects induction are proposed and demonstrated on 34 devices, 16 with lid attach holes and 18 with induced broken vents. The information obtained from the frequency response of the devices is shown to be insufficient to separate the root causes of failures as their effects on the frequency response is similar and the magnitudes of the variations of the observed response overlap. Additional information about the circumstances regarding the onset of defects such as location of the fault and its occurrence in the device manufacturing/assembly/operation timeline is however sufficient for root cause identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
10. Validation of hydrogen gas stratification and mixing models
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Zhao, Haihua [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)]
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- 2015
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11. Status Report on Ex-Vessel Coolability and Water Management
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Robb, K. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)]
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- 2016
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12. Development of a model for predicting transient hydrogen venting in 55-gallon drums
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Romero, Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory]
- Published
- 2008
13. Visualizing Acoustic Imaging of Hydrothermal Plumes on the Seafloor.
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Liu, Li, Silver, Deborah, and Bemis, Karen
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ACOUSTIC imaging , *SONAR imaging , *EMPLOYEE motivation , *VOLCANIC plumes , *VISUALIZATION - Abstract
Hydrothermal plumes are ongoing venting of hot solutions, on a time scale of months to years, relating to volcanic activities on the seafloor. Recent developments in acoustical observational techniques have produced images to support the scientific investigation of such plumes. However, understanding the complex behavior of plumes in a long-time series poses a challenge to the existing analysis approaches. The motivation of this work is to use visualization techniques to facilitate the visual exploration and analysis of plumes and to help domain scientists compare the actual behavior of plumes predicted by tidal interaction models and buoyant plume models incorporating forced entrainment effects. Methods of geovisualization are combined with time-varying feature-based techniques to create visualizations of plumes which are applied to an acoustic imaging dataset collected using the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar in the Northeast Pacific. The results give new insights to the data and confirm the hypothesis of plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. Thermal and Electromagnetic Stator Vent Design Optimisation for Synchronous Generators.
- Author
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Bersch, Kevin, Nuzzo, Stefano, Connor, Peter H., Eastwick, Carol N., Rolston, Robert, and Galea, Michael
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SYNCHRONOUS generators , *STATORS , *COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics , *HEAT transfer fluids , *COMPUTATIONAL electromagnetics , *FINITE element method - Abstract
This article deals with the stator cooling of an air-cooled, synchronous generator with a power rating of 400 kVA, which has been improved by adding two radial vents to the stator. To ensure an optimal vent design, a novel combined thermal and electromagnetic modelling approach is developed. A parametric 3D Conjugate Heat Transfer Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is used for the thermal modelling. An electromagnetic 2D Finite Element Analysis determined the impact that venting the stator has on the loss distribution. The models are coupled by deriving analytical correlations between the combined vent width and rotor copper, rotor iron and stator iron losses. These correlations are implemented into the optimisation procedure of the parametric CFD model. Five design parameters are optimised simultaneously with the aim of minimising the peak stator winding temperature. The modeling approach was validated experimentally by thermal, torque and mass flow measurements on the benchmark machine, as well as the newly designed prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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15. Numerical analysis of a solar air heater with circular perforated absorber plate.
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Shetty, Shreyas P., Madhwesh, N., and Vasudeva Karanth, K.
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SOLAR air heaters , *AIR analysis , *NUMERICAL analysis , *CONFORMAL geometry , *THERMAL hydraulics , *REYNOLDS number - Abstract
• 3D numerical DO radiation model simulation to evaluate the performance of SAH with perforated absorber plate having cross flow configuration. • The vent size and number of vents optimized for thermo-hydraulic performance. • Heat map of the thermohydraulic efficiencies for different collector configurations. Numerical analysis of a solar air heater with perforated circular absorber plate is carried out to study the effect on the thermo-hydraulic performance due to the elimination of laminar viscous layer that otherwise exist in a conventional solar air heater. The study is conducted for configurations of the absorber plate consisting of 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm vent diameters and the number of vents is varied as, 24, 36 and 54. The numerical CFD analysis is conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 3000 to 21,000. The CFD analysis is evaluated against the experimental results. The average increase in the thermal efficiency of 23.33% is obtained for the configuration with 8 mm diameter vents and 36 number of vents compared to the base model without the absorber plate. The average increase in thermohydraulic efficiency is 21.78% higher for the configuration with 36 vents and a vent diameter of 8 mm compared to the base model. The highest thermohydraulic efficiency of 72.8% is obtained. The thermohydraulic efficiency of the collector is directly proportional to the increase in vent diameter. The study infers that the circular geometry and vented absorber plate causes vortex formation resulting in increase in turbulence induced heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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16. Do vent dampers work in multifamily buildings
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Hewett, M
- Published
- 2020
17. From insulation contracting to radon mitigation
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West, D [Insul-Tech, Columbus, OH (USA)]
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- 2020
18. Status update of the BWR cask simulator
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Durbin, Samuel [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)]
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- 2015
- Full Text
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19. Feasibility and Safety Assessment for Advanced Reactor Concepts Using Vented Fuel
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Harter, Jackson [Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)]
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- 2015
- Full Text
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20. Prediction of odour emissions from sewage pump stations and vents on sewerage mains.
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Yu, Michelle and Martin, Andrew
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SEWAGE , *PUMPING stations , *SEWERAGE , *ODORS , *HYDROGEN sulfide , *SPATIAL variation - Abstract
There are many complicating factors that will determine the odour emissions from vents at sewage pump stations and on rising mains. One of the main factors is the formation of sulfide which is dependent on residence time of the sewage and the surface area to volume ratio of the wet well and rising main. A case study of sulfide formation modelling for a holding tank, rising main and vent located on the receiving gravity main is presented in this paper. ASK has developed software that calculates the concentration of sulfide formed within wet wells and rising mains based on Uniquest’s Sewex methodology of modelling the biochemical reactions with the rising main modelled as a plug flow system (Sharma et al, 2008). Initial concentrations and relevant parameters of the sewage, where unavailable, were assumed and tested to match the model predictions to measured values as closely as practicable. This approach takes into account the temporal and spatial variation of sulfide concentrations, in contrast to most models which assume a steady-state system. Another key factor of the release of odour is the rate at which hydrogen sulfide is released from the sewage, which is dependent on the concentration of sulfide in the liquid phase, the saturation concentration at equilibrium dependent on pH and temperature, and the turbulence of the system. When appropriate assumptions and initial conditions are set, the sulfide predictions match reasonably well with observations reported by Sharma et al (2008). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
21. Morphometric scaling of subsurface vent complexes: implications for a new classification scheme.
- Author
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Mituku, Shambel B. and Omosanya, Kamaldeen Olakunle
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COMPLEX fluids , *CLASSIFICATION , *PIPE , *STATISTICS - Abstract
This paper provides a novel classification scheme for magma-induced subsurface vent complexes based on morphometric data and stacking patterns. The study area is the Naglfar Dome in the Vøring Basin where the interaction between magmatic intrusions and vent complexes is well known. Seismic interpretation, characterization and morphometric analyses of 35 vent complexes observed within the Palaeocene-Eocene strata were done from a high-quality, three-dimensional seismic reflection data. The vent complexes have dome-shaped, eye-shaped, fault-controlled and reactivated upper termini, and are linked to their root zones by columnar, downward-tapered and fault-related fluid conduits or pipes. Statistical analyses and cross plots of L-A and Dmax-Hmax allowed the discrimination of vents and pipes into their genetic types. A new classification scheme based on the morphometric sub-division and structures of subsurface vent complexes is introduced to include S-P-V, S-P-F, V-P-V and V-P-F types. These combinations freshly demonstrate the importance of morphometric data at deciphering the nature, timing, classification and activity of subsurface fluid vent complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
- Full Text
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22. Cost saving system trade-offs for hot climates
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- 1999
23. Seismic, morphologic and scale variabilities of subsurface pipes and vent complexes in a magma-rich margin.
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Omosanya, Kamaldeen Olakunle, Maia, Ana R., and Eruteya, Ovie Emmanuel
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FLUID flow , *STATISTICAL correlation , *PIPE - Abstract
Subsurface pipes related to fluid flow are observed in seismic reflection data as vertical to sub-vertical features of low-amplitude reflections, linking chaotic reflections at the base (root zones) of volcanic constructs to their summits which can comprise craters, mounds or eye-shaped vents. To date, uncertainties remain regarding the linear correlation and scaling relationship between pipes and their overlying vent structures. Using 3D seismic reflection data from a magma-rich basin, the Vigrid Syncline in the Vøring Basin (offshore Norway), this study provides a seismic, morphometric and statistical description of forty (40) pipes and their associated structures. These pipes include conical, bifurcated, fault-controlled and columnar types, which are a consequence of the intrusion of two mappable magmatic sills of Early Eocene age. The heights (av. 1098 m), widths (av. 1740 m) and slenderness ratios (i.e. the heights/widths (Ω)) of the pipes (av. 0.6) show low to moderate correlation coefficients with vent parameters such as height (av. 258 m), area (av. 2.3 km2) and ellipticity (av. 1.5). The morpho-statistical analyses provided here show that 'pipe' formation mechanisms are mutually exclusive and that vent geometries are not particularly systematic in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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24. Parametric Study on the Void Risk in FC-POP Molded Underfill Process Using a Novel Porous Media, Two-Phase, Compressible Flow Simulation Method.
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Lee, Moon Soo, Baick, Inhak, Jeong, Min Suk, Kim, Min, Kwon, Seo Hyun, Yeo, Myeong Soo, Rhee, Hwasung, and Pae, Sangwoo
- Abstract
Molded underfill process provides many benefits for higher productivity and lower cost over the conventional capillary underfill process. However, the void defects in a molded underfill process could cause pop-corning effect and solder extrusion during the reflow process. This paper presents a highly efficient and accurate hybrid model that can be applied to diagnose the void risk in vacuum molded underfill processes of real flip-chip, package-on-package devices with complex ball arrays and large PCB strips. The model combines multi-zone porous media model, Hele-Shaw model and compressible two-phase computational fluid dynamics model. The model has been well validated in terms of the entrapped void size and its behavior with flow visualization experiments. Also, a set of parametric studies on a FC-POP molded underfill flow process were performed to pre-assess the future node’s molded underfill process. Not only the model provides a better understanding of the physics of void entrapment but also it is proven to be an effective tool for assessing the potential void risk through its application to 10nm flip-chip, package-on-package device manufactured in mass production line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Hungry scale worms: Phylogenetics of Peinaleopolynoe (Polynoidae, Annelida), with four new species.
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Hatch, Avery S., Liew, Haebin, Hourdez, Stéphane, and Rouse, Greg W.
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PHYLOGENY , *ANNELIDA , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence , *BACK-arc basins , *SPECIES , *DEEP-sea corals , *ENCHYTRAEIDAE - Abstract
Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856 has five branchiate genera: Branchipolynoe Pettibone, 1984, Branchinotogluma Pettibone, 1985, Branchiplicatus Pettibone, 1985, Peinaleopolynoe Desbruyères & Laubier, 1988, and Thermopolynoe Miura, 1994, all native to deep-sea, chemosynthetic-based habitats. Of these, Peinaleopolynoe has two accepted species; Peinaleopolynoe sillardi Desbruyères & Laubier, 1988 (Atlantic Ocean) and Peinaleopolynoe santacatalina Pettibone, 1993 (East Pacific Ocean). The goal of this study was to assess the phylogenetic position of Peinaleopolynoe, utilizing DNA sequences from a broad sampling of deep-sea polynoids. Representatives from all five branchiate genera were included, several species of which were sampled from near the type localities; Branchinotogluma sandersi Pettibone, 1985 from the Galápagos Rift (E/V "Nautilus"); Peinaleopolynoe sillardi from organic remains in the Atlantic Ocean; Peinaleopolynoe santacatalina from a whalefall off southern California (R/V "Western Flyer") and Thermopolynoe branchiata Miura, 1994 from Lau Back-Arc Basin in the western Pacific (R/V "Melville"). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA, and CytB) and nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and H3) genes. The analyses revealed four new Peinaleopolynoe species from the Pacific Ocean that are formally described here: Peinaleopolynoe orphanae Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov., type locality Pescadero Basin in the Gulf of California, Mexico (R/V "Western Flyer"); Peinaleopolynoe elvisi Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov. and Peinaleopolynoe goffrediae Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov., both with a type locality in Monterey Canyon off California (R/V "Western Flyer") and Peinaleopolynoe mineoi Hatch & Rouse, sp. nov. from Costa Rica methane seeps (R/V "Falkor"). In addition to DNA sequence data, the monophyly of Peinaleopolynoe is supported by the presence of ventral papillae on segments 12-15. The results also demonstrated the paraphyly of Branchinotogluma and Lepidonotopodium Pettibone, 1983 and taxonomic revision of these genera is required. We apply the subfamily name Lepidonotopodinae Pettibone 1983, for the clade comprised of Branchipolynoe, Branchinotogluma, Bathykurila, Branchiplicatus, Lepidonotopodium, Levensteiniella Pettibone, 1985, Thermopolynoe, and Peinaleopolynoe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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26. The Italian Solfatara as an analog for Mars fumarolic alteration.
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Flahaut, Jessica, Bishop, Janice L., Silvestro, Simone, Tedesco, Dario, Daniel, Isabelle, and Loizeau, Damien
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MARS (Planet) , *HOT springs , *RAMAN spectroscopy , *SILICA , *VOLCANIC craters , *LUNAR craters - Abstract
The first definitive evidence for continental vents on Mars is the in situ detection of amorphous silicarich outcrops by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. These outcrops have been tentatively interpreted as the result of either acid sulfate leaching in fumarolic environments or direct precipitation from hot springs. Such environments represent prime targets for upcoming astrobiology missions but remain difficult to identify with certainty, especially from orbit. To contribute to the identification of fumaroles and hot spring deposits on Mars, we surveyed their characteristics at the analog site of the Solfatara volcanic crater in central Italy. Several techniques of mineral identification (VNIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD) were used both in the field and in the laboratory on selected samples. The faulted crater walls showed evidence of acid leaching and alteration into the advanced argillic-alunitic facies, with colorful deposits containing alunite, jarosite, and/or hematite. Sublimates containing various Al and Fe hydroxyl-sulfates were observed around the active fumarole vents at 90 °C. One vent at 160 °C was characterized by different sublimates enriched in As and Hb sulfide species. Amorphous silica and alunite assemblages that are diagnostic of silicic alteration were also observed at the Fangaia mud pots inside the crater. A wide range of minerals was identified at the 665 m diameter Solfatara crater that is diagnostic of acid-steam heated alteration of a trachytic, porous bedrock. Importantly, this mineral diversity was captured at each site investigated with at least one of the techniques used, which lends confidence for the recognition of similar environments with the next-generation Mars rovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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27. A vented low pressure containment strategy for the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR)
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Silady, F [General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)]
- Published
- 1994
28. Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in Deep Sea Chemosynthetic Ecosystems Illuminated by Molecular Techniques
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Takishita, Kiyotaka, Ohtsuka, Susumu, editor, Suzaki, Toshinobu, editor, Horiguchi, Takeo, editor, Suzuki, Noritoshi, editor, and Not, Fabrice, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Pressurization of a compartment due to the rupture of coolant piping
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Hsieh, B
- Published
- 1993
30. Effluent treatment options for nuclear thermal propulsion system ground tests
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Brockmann, J
- Published
- 1992
31. Pressure relief radial passages for SSC
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Rehak, M
- Published
- 1992
32. Development of high-resolution L4 ocean wind products
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Trindade, Ana Filipa Mestre, Portabella Arnús, Marcos, Stoffelen, Ad, and Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Física
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Previsió del temps ,Climatology ,Climatologia ,Oceanografia ,Winds ,Vents ,Oceanography ,Weather forecasting - Abstract
[eng] Heat, moisture, gas, and momentum exchanges at the oceanic and atmospheric interface modulate, inter alia, the Earth’s heat and carbon budgets, global circulation, and dynamical modes. Sea surface winds are fundamental to these exchanges and, as such, play a major role in the evolution and dynamics of the Earth’s climate. For ocean and atmospheric modeling purposes, and for their coupling, accurate sea-surface winds are therefore crucial to properly estimate these turbulent fluxes. Over the last decades, as numerical models became more sophisticated, the requirements for higher temporal and spatial resolution ocean forcing products grew. Sea surface winds from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models provide a convenient temporal and spatial coverage to force ocean models, and for that they are extensively used, e.g., the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) latest reanalysis, ERA5, with ubiquitous hourly estimates of sea-surface wind available globally on a 30-km spatial grid. However, local systematic errors have been reported in global NWP fields using collocated scatterometer observations as reference. These rather persistent errors are associated with physical processes that are absent or misrepresented by the NWP models, e.g., strong current effects like the Western Boundary Current Systems (highly stationary), wind effects as- sociated with the oceanic mesoscale (sea surface temperature gradients), coastal effects (land see breezes, katabatic winds), Planetary Boundary Layer parameterization errors, and large-scale circulation effects, such as those associated with moist convection areas. In contrast, the ocean surface vector wind or wind stress derived from scatterometers, although intrinsically limited by temporal and spatial sampling, exhibits considerable spatial detail and accuracy. The latter has an effective resolution of 25 km while that of NWP models is of 150 km. Consequently, the biases between the two mostly represent the physical processes unresolved by NWP models. In this thesis, a high-resolution ocean surface wind forcing, the so-called ERAú, that combines the strengths of both the scatterometer observations and of the atmospheric model wind fields is created using a scatterometer-based local NWP wind vector model bias correction. ERAú stress equivalent wind (U10S) is generated by means of a geolocated scatterometer-based correction applied separately to two different ECMWF reanalyses, the nowadays obsolete ERA-interim (ERAi) and the most recent ERA5. Several ERAú configurations using complementary scatterometer data accumulated over different temporal windows (TW) are generated and verified against independent wind sources (scatterometer and moored buoys), through statistical and spectral analysis of spatial structures. The newly developed method successfully corrects for local wind vector biases in the reanalysis output, particularly in open ocean regions, by introducing the oceanic mesoscales captured by the scatterometers into the ERAi/ERA5 NWP reanalyses. However, the effectiveness of the method is intrinsically dependent on regional scatterometer sampling, wind variability and local bias persistence. The optimal ERAú uses multiple complementary scatterometers and a 3-day TW. Bias patterns are the same for ERAi and ERA5 SC to the reanalyses, though the latter shows smaller bias amplitudes and hence smaller error variance reduction differences in verification (up to 8% globally). However, because of ERA5 being more accurate than ERAi, ERAú derived from ERA5 turns out to be the highest quality product. ERAú ocean forcing does not enhance the sensitivity in global circulation models to highly localized transient events, however it improves large-scale ocean simulations, where large- scale corrections are relevant. Besides ocean forcing studies, the developed methodology can be further applied to improve scatterometer wind data assimilation by accounting for the persistent model biases. In addition, since the biases can be associated with misrepresented processes and parmeterizations, empirical predictors of these biases can be developed for use in forecasting and to improve the dynamical closure and parameterizations in coupled ocean-atmosphere models., [spa] Los vientos de la superficie del mar son fundamentales para estimar los flujos de calor y momento en la interfaz oceánica-atmosfera, ocupando un papel importante en la evolución y la dinámica del clima del planeta. Por tanto, en modelación (oceánica y atmosférica), vientos de calidad son cruciales para estimar adecuadamente estos flujos turbulentos. Vientos de la superficie del mar de salidas de modelos de predicción numérica del tiempo (NWP) proporcionan una cobertura temporal y espacial conveniente para forzar los modelos oceánicos, y todavía se utilizan ampliamente. Sin embargo, se han documentado errores sistemáticos locales en campos de NWP globales utilizando observaciones de dispersómetros co-ubicados como referencia (asociados con procesos físicos que ausentes o mal representados por los modelos). Al contrario, el viento de la superficie del mar derivado de los dispersómetros, aunque intrínsecamente limitado por el muestreo temporal y espacial, presenta una precisión y un detalle espacial considerables. Consecuentemente, los sesgos entre los dos representan principalmente los procesos físicos no resueltos por los modelos NWP. En esta tesis, se crea un producto de forzamiento del viento en la superficie del océano de alta resolución, el ERAú. ERAú se genera con una corrección media basada en diferencias geolocalizadas entre dispersometro y modelo, aplicadas por separado a dos reanálisis diferentes, el ERA-interim (ERAi) y el ERA5. Varias configuraciones de ERAú utilizando datos de dispersómetros complementarios acumulados en diferentes ventanas tempo- rales (TW) se generan y validan frente a datos de viento independientes, a través de análisis estadísticos y espectrales de estructuras espaciales. El método corrige con éxito los sesgos del vector de viento local de la reanálisis. Sin embargo, su eficacia depende del muestreo del dispersómetro regional, la variabilidad del viento y la persistencia del sesgo local. El ERAú óptimo utiliza múltiples dispersómetros complementarios y un TW de 3 días. Las dos reanálisis muestran los mismos patrones de sesgo en la SC, debido a que ERA5 es más preciso que ERAi, ERAú derivado de ERA5 es el producto de mayor calidad. El forzamiento oceánico ERAú mejora las simulaciones oceánicas a gran escala, donde las correcciones a gran escala son relevantes.
- Published
- 2023
33. The geochemistry of submarine hydrothermal fluids and particles
- Author
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Ludford, Emma Marianne
- Subjects
551.9 ,Plumes ,Vents ,Mid-Atlantic Ridge ,Black smokers - Published
- 1996
34. A Study on Aeration to Alleviate Cavitation Erosion in the Contraction Section of Pressure Flow.
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Rui Li, Wei-Lin Xu, Jing Luo, Hao Yuan, and Wei-Yang Zhao
- Subjects
CAVITATION erosion ,CAVITATION ,AIR flow ,PRESSURE - Abstract
Pressure flow generally exists in water conservancy projects and pipelines. The flow boundary of the contraction section faces a potential risk of cavitation erosion under high velocity. However, there is a lack of effective methods to suppress cavitation in engineering practices with pressure flow, posing a challenge to the operational safety of discharge structures and pipeline devices. The purpose of this paper was to realize the application of air entrainment in a plug-type contraction section of pressure flow. It was found that a single air vent and a low air flow rate could achieve complete vena contracta aeration. The pressure profiles of the vena contracta were investigated, and the results showed that the pressure distribution allowed the entrained air to diffuse laterally and convectively. Finally, we proposed a fitting algorithm to predict the air concentration in the vena contracta. These conclusions are of great significance for improving the safety and cavitation resistance of the contraction section of pressure flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Experimental Quantification of Vent Mechanism Flow Parameters in 18650 Format Lithium Ion Batteries.
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Mier, Frank Austin, Hargather, Michael J., and Ferreira, Summer R.
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LITHIUM-ion batteries ,DISCHARGE coefficient ,STATIC pressure ,FLAMMABLE gases ,FLAMMABLE liquids ,GAS flow - Abstract
Lithium ion batteries have a well-documented tendency to fail energetically under various abuse conditions. These conditions frequently result in decomposition of the electrochemical components within the battery resulting in gas generation and increased internal pressure which can lead to an explosive case rupture. The 18650 format cell incorporates a vent mechanism located within a crimped cap to relieve pressure and mitigate the risk of case rupture. Cell venting, however, introduces additional safety concerns associated with the flow of flammable gases and liquid electrolyte into the environment. Experiments to quantify key parameters are performed to elucidate the external dynamics of battery venting. A first experiment measures the vent burst pressure. Burst vent caps are then tested with a second experimental fixture to measure vent opening area and discharge coefficient during choked-flow venting, which occurs during battery failure. Vent opening area and discharge coefficient are calculated from stagnation temperature, stagnation pressure, and static pressure measurements along with compressible-isentropic flow equations and conservation of mass. Commercially sourced vent caps are used with repeated tests run to quantify repeatability and variability. Validation experiments confirmed accuracy of opening area and discharge coefficient measurement. Further, trials conducted on vent caps from two sources demonstrate the potential for variation between manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Comparisons of experimental measurements and large eddy simulations for a helium release in a two vents enclosure.
- Author
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Bernard-Michel, G., Saikali, E., Sergent, A., and Tenaud, C.
- Subjects
- *
LARGE eddy simulation models , *PARTICLE image velocimetry , *FUEL cell design & construction , *HELIUM , *PLUMES (Fluid dynamics) - Abstract
Abstract This work takes place in the context of potential hazards in the use of hydrogen in fuel cells. The present article describes comparisons between PIV measurements performed on a two vented cavity with an helium injection and Large Eddy Simulation of the same configuration. A two vented cavity is chosen because a quasi state is reached rapidly and it facilitates both CFD calculations by reducing the CPU costs and also enables statistical treatment of the data, the temporal averaging being possible at steady state. At the same time, this configuration is close to fuel cell designs, except for the set-up reduced size. We also describe the experimental set-up and the care which has to be taken to produce Particle Image Velocimetry velocity fields. The final goal of the paper is to validate a L.E.S approach as a good replacement to experiments, since access to both velocity and concentration fields is required to improve existing simplified models. Indeed, most of the 2 vents models rely on simplified assumptions such as a constant entrainment coefficient, a bi-layer formation which is not always the case in real situations. Highlights • L.E.S concentrations are conservative which is well suited for safety applications. • L.E.S results and experimental measurements exhibit strong similarities. • L.E.S and experimental results differences are mostly within a 20% range. • In the plume L.E.S fluctuations are much lower than in experiments. • DNS should be preferred to L.E.S calculations as a replacement for experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Effects of Infrared-Blocking Pigments and Deck Venting on Stone-Coated Metal Residential Roofs
- Author
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Miller, William [ORNL]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Steep-Slope Assembly Testing of Clay and Concrete Tile With and Without Cool Pigmented Colors
- Author
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Miller, William [ORNL]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Zonas cardinales y orientación entre los qomléʔk (tobas del oeste de Formosa, Argentina)
- Author
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María Belén Carpio and Cecilia Paula Gómez
- Subjects
Tobas de l’ouest de Formosa ,Cultural Studies ,cardinalité ,TOBAS ,ANTROPOLOGIA LINGÜISTICA ,Tobas of Western Formosa ,cardinalidad ,vents ,space ,polo sur celeste ,qomléʔk ,anthropologie linguistique ,winds ,COSMOGONIA ,antropología lingüística ,cardinality ,vientos ,espace ,tobas del oeste de Formosa ,Anthropology ,linguistic anthropology ,PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS ,pôle sud céleste ,south celestial pole ,espacio - Abstract
Fil: Carpio, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas; Argentina Fil: Carpio, María Belén. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Gómez, Cecilia Paula. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina Fil: Gómez, Cecilia Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Resumen: Este artículo analiza las distintas maneras en que los tobas del oeste de Formosa, qomléʔk (Argentina), también conocidos como tobas de Sombrero Negro (Métraux 1937a y b), se refieren a las zonas cardinales y a sus contextos de uso. Postulamos que las definiciones que describen y nombran dichos espacios son vivenciadas corporalmente y están vinculadas a los vientos, al curso del sol y del río Pilcomayo, con diferencias entre generaciones. Describimos, además, cómo algunos de los términos que designan zonas cardinales se utilizan para expresar la posición/ orientación de una entidad respecto de otra en un espacio no solo geográfico (a escala amplia) sino también manipulable (por ejemplo, cómo se ubican los objetos sobre una mesa). Planteamos, a modo de hipótesis, que el lexema cháʔhema “allá hacia arriba (Sur)” podría hacer referencia al “polo sur celeste”, identificable por los tobas mediante determinados asterismos. Résumé: Zones cardinales et orientation chez les Qomléʔk (Tobas de l’ouest de Formosa, Argentine). Cet article traite des différentes façons dont les Tobas de l’ouest de Formosa, Qomléʔk (Argentine), aussi connus comme Tobas de Sombrero Negro (Métraux 1937a et b), font référence aux zones cardinales et à leurs contextes d’utilisation. Nous montrons que les définitions qui décrivent et nomment ces espaces sont vécues corporellement, qu’elles sont liées aux vents, à la course du soleil et au cours de la rivière Pilcomayo, et qu’elles présentent des différences entre les générations. Nous décrivons en outre comment certains de ces termes qui désignent les zones cardinales sont utilisés pour désigner la position/orientation d’une entité par rapport à une autre, dans un espace non seulement géographique (à grande échelle), mais aussi manipulable (par exemple, des objets disposés sur une table). Nous suggérons enfin, à titre d’hypothèse, que le lexème cháʔhema « làhaut (Sud) » pourrait se référer au « pôle sud céleste », identifiable chez les Tobas par certains astérismes. Abstract: Cardinal zones and orientation among the Qomléʔk (Tobas of Western Formosa, Argentina). This paper analyzes the different ways in which the Tobas of Western Formosa, Qomléʔk (Argentina), also known as Tobas de Sombrero Negro (Métraux 1937a and b), refer to cardinal zones and their contexts of use. We suggest that definitions describing and naming these areas are bodily experienced and are linked to the winds, the course of the sun, and the Pilcomayo River, with differences between people of different generations. We also describe how some of the lexemes that encode cardinal zones are used to encode position/orientation between entities not only in a geographic (large-scale) space, but also in a manipulable one (e.g. objects located on a table). We propose, as a hypothesis, that the lexeme cháʔhema “up there (South)” may refer to the “south celestial pole,” identifiable by the Tobas’ use of certain asterisms.
- Published
- 2021
40. Estudio de la dispersión a partir de datos de una traza pasiva en la Bahía del Fangar
- Author
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Campanales Guimera, Alejandro, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental, IRTA, Grifoll Colls, Manel, Espino Infantes, Manuel, and Fernández, Margarita
- Subjects
temperatura ,Hidrodinàmica ,salinidad ,Aigua -- Salinització ,Circulació atmosfèrica ,Winds ,rodamina ,Vents ,corrientes ,Atmospheric circulation ,hidrodinámica ,bahía ,Hydrodynamics ,Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Fangar ,Water salinization - Abstract
La Badia del Fangar es caracteritza per ser petita, somera i de règim micromareal, comportant-se com una badia amb circulació estuarica positiva. La seva hidrodinàmica, de caràcter local, queda influenciada pels vents presents, inductors dels corrents superficials, i les aportacions d'aigua dolça provinents dels canals d'irrigació. No obstant, poca cosa més es coneix respecte d'aquesta. La campanya experimental duta a terme per l'IRTA, juntament amb membres de la UPC, el 9 de juny del 2021, pretenia posar fi a aquesta manca d'informació. S'hi van dur a terme diferents experiments: el llançament de boies lagrangianes i l'abocament d'una traça passiva de rodamina al seu interior, juntament amb l'obtenció de mesures superficials de temperatura, salinitat i concentració d'aquest producte via fluorímetre. Aquest treball té aquesta campanya com a punt de partida. Mitjançant llenguatge de programació Python, s'ha interpretat tota la informació obtinguda, complementant-la amb observacions meteorològiques d'una estació veïna. En base a això, s'ha pogut determinar com durant el període d'estudi, els vents presents, caracteritzats en aquells moments per suaus brises del SE, determina en funció de la seva intensitat i origen d'incidència la hidrodinàmica de la badia, fixant-ne el sentit e intensitat de propagació dels corrents superficials, així com la capacitat de mescla i dispersió. D'altra banda, respecte a les aportacions d'aigua dolça, el transport de les quals dependrà dels corrents presents en aquell moment, s'ha evidenciat com modifiquen l'estructura de salinitats, donant lloc a uns valors per sota dels típics del Mediterrani. Tot això ha permès, en línies generals, caracteritzar els patrons de circulació a la badia, la qual cosa, atesa la importància de la zona, servirà de gran ajuda per, en cas de produir-se algun abocament, poder conèixer el seu sentit de propagació i actuar de manera efectiva i precisa davant seu. La Bahía del Fangar se caracteriza por ser pequeña, somera y de régimen micromareal, comportándose como una bahía con circulación estuárica positiva. Su hidrodinámica, de carácter local, queda influenciada por los vientos presentes, inductores de las corrientes superficiales, y las aportaciones de agua dulce procedentes de los canales de irrigación. Sin embargo, poco más se conoce respecto de la misma. La campaña experimental llevada a cabo por el IRTA, junto con miembros de la UPC, el 9 de Junio de 2021, pretendía poner fin a esta falta de información. En la misma se llevaron a cabo distintos experimentos: el lanzamiento de boyas lagrangianas y el vertido de una traza pasiva de rodamina en su interior, junto con la obtención de medidas superficiales de temperatura, salinidad y concentración de dicho producto vía fluorímetro. El presente trabajo tiene esta campaña como punto de partida. Mediante lenguaje de programación Python, se ha interpretado toda la información obtenida, complementándola con observaciones meteorológicas de una estación aledaña. En base a ello, se ha podido determinar cómo durante el periodo de estudio, los vientos presentes, caracterizados en dicho momento por suaves brisas del SE, definen en función de su intensidad y origen de incidencia la hidrodinámica de la bahía, fijando el sentido e intensidad de propagación de las corrientes superficiales, así como la capacidad de mezcla y dispersión en la misma. Por otro lado, respecto a los aportes de agua dulce, cuyo transporte dependerá de las corrientes en dicho momento presentes, se ha evidenciado cómo modifican la estructura de salinidades, dando lugar a unos valores por debajo de los típicos del Mediterráneo. Todo esto ha permitido caracterizar los patrones de circulación en la bahía, lo cual, dada la importancia de la zona, servirá de gran ayuda para, en caso de producirse algún vertido en la misma, poder conocer su sentido de propagación y actuar de forma efectiva y precisa ante él. Fangar Bay it’s characterised by being small, shallow and with a microtidal regime, behaving in general terms as a bay with positive estuarine circulation. Its hydrodynamic, of local nature, is totally influenced by the present winds, which are the main inducers of surface currents, and the contributions of fresh water from the irrigation channels. Nevertheless, little more than this is known with respect to that. The experimental campaign carried out by IRTA, together with UPC members, on June 9th 2021, intended to put an end to this lack of information. Different experiments were conducted there: the launch of lagrangian buoys and the spill of a passive trace of rhodamine inside, along with obtaining surface measurements of temperature, salinity and concentration of that product via a fluorimeter. The present work takes this campaign as its starting point. By using Python programming language, all the information obtained has been interpreted, complementing it with meteorological observations from a nearby station. Based on this, it has been possible to determine how during the study period, the present winds, characterised at that moment by soft breezes from the SE, define the hydrodynamics of the bay based on their intensity and origin of incidence, setting the intensity and direction of propagation of the surface currents, as well as the mixing and dispersion capacities developed there. On the other hand, with respect to fresh water contributions, whose transport will depend on the currents present at that time, it has been proven how modify salinity’s structure, giving rise to values below those typical from the Mediterranean. All of this has made possible,to characterise the circulation patterns in the bay, which, given the importance of the area, will be of great help for, in case of any spill event which occurs there, be able to interpret its direction of propagation and act effectively and precisely against it.
- Published
- 2022
41. Multiple characteristics of precipitation inferred from wind profiler radar Doppler spectra
- Author
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Albert Garcia-Benadi, Joan Bech, Mireia Udina, Bernard Campistron, Alexandre Paci, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The Cerdanya-2017 field campaign was a research effort organized by the University of the Balearic Islands, the University of Barcelona, METEO-FRANCE and the Meteorological Service of Catalonia (SMC). This research was funded by the Spanish Government through projects CGL 2009-12797-C03-02 and CGL 2009-12797-C03-03 and the Water Research Institute (IdRA) of the University of Barcelona.
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Radar ,Radarmeteorologia ,pulsed radar ,Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Radar [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Doppler ,hydrometeor type estimation ,Efecte de Doppler ,Precipitacions (Meteorologia) -- Mesurament ,Winds ,Vents ,Doppler effect ,Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Measurement ,Hydrometeor type estimation ,Pluja ,wind profiler ,Wind profiler ,Pulsed radar ,Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura::Sensors i actuadors [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Rain and rainfall ,Radar meteorology ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences - Abstract
International audience; A methodology to process radar wind profiler Doppler spectra is presented and implemented for an UHF Degreane PCL1300 system. First, double peak signal detection is conducted at each height level and, then, vertical continuity checks for each radar beam ensure physically consistent measurements. Second, horizontal and vertical wind, kinetic energy flux components, Doppler moments, and different precipitation-related variables are computed. The latter include a new precipitation type estimate, which considers rain, snow, and mixed types, and, finally, specific variables for liquid precipitation, including drop size distribution parameters, liquid water content and rainfall rate. The methodology is illustrated with a 48 h precipitation event, recorded during the Cerdanya-2017 field campaign, carried out in the Eastern Pyrenees. Verification is performed with a previously existing process for wind profiler data regarding wind components, plus precipitation estimates derived from Micro Rain Radar and disdrometer observations. The results indicated that the new methodology produced comparable estimates of wind components to the previous methodology (Bias < 0.1 m/s, RMSE ≈ 1.1 m/s), and was skilled in determining precipitation type when comparing the lowest estimate of disdrometer data for snow and rain, but did not correctly identify mixed precipitation cases. The proposed methodology, called UBWPP, is available at the GitHub repository.
- Published
- 2022
42. Granulometric Analysis of Shallow Vents Sediments at Banderas Bay (Mexico)
- Author
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María Carolina Rodríguez-Uribe, Francisco Javier Núñez-Cornú, Rosa María Chávez-Dagostino, and Elizabeth Trejo-Gómez
- Subjects
marine sediments ,hydrothermal system ,vents ,texture ,very fine sand ,Punta Mita ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Ocean hydrothermal activity is well known from deep-sea studies; however, few studies have been reported at shallow depth. A shallow submarine hydrothermal system at Punta Mita described in 2000 was studied to determine the grain size classification of the marine sediments of this hydrothermal system. Three sites with hydrothermal activity were included. Each one was divided into three areas: with hydrothermal activity, intermediate, and out of hydrothermal activity. In each area, two sediment cores were randomly collected by scuba diving (number of sediment cores = 18). All sediment samples were subjected to a previous treatment, to eliminate salts and organic matter. The grain sizes were sieved and then classified following the Udden–Wentworth scale. A principal coordinate analysis was performed to determine if there was any association of the statistical moments with the areas and sites of study. The textural composition of the sediments in the hydrothermal influence areas is sand, where the very fine sand is the dominant grain size, which was confirmed with the mean moment. The sediments are characteristic of the tidal areas, except for those sediments in the areas with hydrothermal activity.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. NUPRO Process Vent & MCO Check Valve Prevent Backflow from Process Vent into MCO
- Author
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MISKA, C
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A new high-resolution ocean forcing based on ERA5 and scatterometer data
- Abstract
The ERA* stress-equivalent wind (UI0S) is a correction of the ECMWF Fifth Reanalysis (ERA5) output by means of geo-Iocated scatterometer-ERA5 differences over a 3-day temporal window, in which the combined sampling of the Advanced Scatterometers on board the Metop satellite series (ASCAT-A, -B, and -C) and the SCATSat-l scatterometer (OSCAT2) have been used, for the year 2019. ERA * can correct for local, persistent NWP model output errors associated with physical processes that are absent or misrepresented by the model, e.g., strong current effects (such as western boundary current systems, highly stationary), wind effects associated with the ocean mesoscales (sea surface temperature), coastal effects (land see breezes, katabatic winds), Planetary Boundary Layer parameterization errors, and large-scale circulation effects, e.g., at the inter-tropical convergence zone., This work was supported in part by the Spanish R&D project LBAND (ESP2017-89463-C3-1-R), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and project INTERACT (PID2020-114623RB-C31), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2022
45. Estudio de la dispersión a partir de datos de una traza pasiva en la Bahía del Fangar
- Abstract
La Badia del Fangar es caracteritza per ser petita, somera i de règim micromareal, comportant-se com una badia amb circulació estuarica positiva. La seva hidrodinàmica, de caràcter local, queda influenciada pels vents presents, inductors dels corrents superficials, i les aportacions d'aigua dolça provinents dels canals d'irrigació. No obstant, poca cosa més es coneix respecte d'aquesta. La campanya experimental duta a terme per l'IRTA, juntament amb membres de la UPC, el 9 de juny del 2021, pretenia posar fi a aquesta manca d'informació. S'hi van dur a terme diferents experiments: el llançament de boies lagrangianes i l'abocament d'una traça passiva de rodamina al seu interior, juntament amb l'obtenció de mesures superficials de temperatura, salinitat i concentració d'aquest producte via fluorímetre. Aquest treball té aquesta campanya com a punt de partida. Mitjançant llenguatge de programació Python, s'ha interpretat tota la informació obtinguda, complementant-la amb observacions meteorològiques d'una estació veïna. En base a això, s'ha pogut determinar com durant el període d'estudi, els vents presents, caracteritzats en aquells moments per suaus brises del SE, determina en funció de la seva intensitat i origen d'incidència la hidrodinàmica de la badia, fixant-ne el sentit e intensitat de propagació dels corrents superficials, així com la capacitat de mescla i dispersió. D'altra banda, respecte a les aportacions d'aigua dolça, el transport de les quals dependrà dels corrents presents en aquell moment, s'ha evidenciat com modifiquen l'estructura de salinitats, donant lloc a uns valors per sota dels típics del Mediterrani. Tot això ha permès, en línies generals, caracteritzar els patrons de circulació a la badia, la qual cosa, atesa la importància de la zona, servirà de gran ajuda per, en cas de produir-se algun abocament, poder conèixer el seu sentit de propagació i actuar de manera efectiva i precisa davant seu., La Bahía del Fangar se caracteriza por ser pequeña, somera y de régimen micromareal, comportándose como una bahía con circulación estuárica positiva. Su hidrodinámica, de carácter local, queda influenciada por los vientos presentes, inductores de las corrientes superficiales, y las aportaciones de agua dulce procedentes de los canales de irrigación. Sin embargo, poco más se conoce respecto de la misma. La campaña experimental llevada a cabo por el IRTA, junto con miembros de la UPC, el 9 de Junio de 2021, pretendía poner fin a esta falta de información. En la misma se llevaron a cabo distintos experimentos: el lanzamiento de boyas lagrangianas y el vertido de una traza pasiva de rodamina en su interior, junto con la obtención de medidas superficiales de temperatura, salinidad y concentración de dicho producto vía fluorímetro. El presente trabajo tiene esta campaña como punto de partida. Mediante lenguaje de programación Python, se ha interpretado toda la información obtenida, complementándola con observaciones meteorológicas de una estación aledaña. En base a ello, se ha podido determinar cómo durante el periodo de estudio, los vientos presentes, caracterizados en dicho momento por suaves brisas del SE, definen en función de su intensidad y origen de incidencia la hidrodinámica de la bahía, fijando el sentido e intensidad de propagación de las corrientes superficiales, así como la capacidad de mezcla y dispersión en la misma. Por otro lado, respecto a los aportes de agua dulce, cuyo transporte dependerá de las corrientes en dicho momento presentes, se ha evidenciado cómo modifican la estructura de salinidades, dando lugar a unos valores por debajo de los típicos del Mediterráneo. Todo esto ha permitido caracterizar los patrones de circulación en la bahía, lo cual, dada la importancia de la zona, servirá de gran ayuda para, en caso de producirse algún vertido en la misma, poder conocer su sentido de propagación y actuar de forma efectiva y precisa ante él., Fangar Bay it’s characterised by being small, shallow and with a microtidal regime, behaving in general terms as a bay with positive estuarine circulation. Its hydrodynamic, of local nature, is totally influenced by the present winds, which are the main inducers of surface currents, and the contributions of fresh water from the irrigation channels. Nevertheless, little more than this is known with respect to that. The experimental campaign carried out by IRTA, together with UPC members, on June 9th 2021, intended to put an end to this lack of information. Different experiments were conducted there: the launch of lagrangian buoys and the spill of a passive trace of rhodamine inside, along with obtaining surface measurements of temperature, salinity and concentration of that product via a fluorimeter. The present work takes this campaign as its starting point. By using Python programming language, all the information obtained has been interpreted, complementing it with meteorological observations from a nearby station. Based on this, it has been possible to determine how during the study period, the present winds, characterised at that moment by soft breezes from the SE, define the hydrodynamics of the bay based on their intensity and origin of incidence, setting the intensity and direction of propagation of the surface currents, as well as the mixing and dispersion capacities developed there. On the other hand, with respect to fresh water contributions, whose transport will depend on the currents present at that time, it has been proven how modify salinity’s structure, giving rise to values below those typical from the Mediterranean. All of this has made possible,to characterise the circulation patterns in the bay, which, given the importance of the area, will be of great help for, in case of any spill event which occurs there, be able to interpret its direction of propagation and act effectively and precisely against it.
- Published
- 2022
46. Snake River Plain Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis - Volcanic Vents, Lacustrine Sediments, and post-Miocene Faults KMZ files
- Author
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Shervais, John
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. NUPRO Process Vent and MCO Check Valve Prevent Backflow from Process Vent into MCO
- Author
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MISKA, C
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Whitey Swagelok SCHe Ball Valves Provide Isolation between SCHe Purge Lines C and D and the Process Vent
- Author
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VAN KATWIJK, C
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Independent Review and Analysis of the Safety Class Helium Sys 30 LB Safety Relief Valve and Vent Path Tempered Water Sys and Process Water Conditioning
- Author
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HEARD, F
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A New High-Resolution Ocean Forcing Based on ERA5 and Scatterometer Data
- Author
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Portabella, Marcos, Mestre Trindade, Ana Filipa, Grieco, Giuseppe, Makarova, Evgeniia, Cossu, Federico, and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
- Subjects
Ocean wind forcing ,Nàutica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Numerical weather prediction ,Winds ,Scatterometer wind ,Vents ,ERA ,Oceanic mesoscale - Abstract
IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 17-22 July 2022, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.-- © 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.-- 4 pages, 3 figures, The ERA* stress-equivalent wind (UI0S) is a correction of the ECMWF Fifth Reanalysis (ERA5) output by means of geo-Iocated scatterometer-ERA5 differences over a 3-day temporal window, in which the combined sampling of the Advanced Scatterometers on board the Metop satellite series (ASCAT-A, -B, and -C) and the SCATSat-l scatterometer (OSCAT2) have been used, for the year 2019. ERA * can correct for local, persistent NWP model output errors associated with physical processes that are absent or misrepresented by the model, e.g., strong current effects (such as western boundary current systems, highly stationary), wind effects associated with the ocean mesoscales (sea surface temperature), coastal effects (land see breezes, katabatic winds), Planetary Boundary Layer parameterization errors, and large-scale circulation effects, e.g., at the inter-tropical convergence zone, This work was supported in part by the Spanish R&D project LBAND (ESP2017-89463-C3-1-R), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and project INTERACT (PID2020-114623RB-C31), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033
- Published
- 2022
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