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Summary: Equine coital exanthema (ECE) is a contagious, sexually transmitted disease affecting horses. It manifests itself as painful papules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers on the external genitalia in both mares and stallions. While widespread, the disease is generally not classified as reportable in most countries and is not considered a significant threat to the equine industry. ECE is endemic in horse breeding populations internationally. The absence of comprehensive epidemiological data can give a false sense of security, which increases the risk of local transmission. Lack of surveillance programmes or routine control in risk group (reproductive stallions and mares) leads to unawareness and lack of proper biosecurity measures. An outbreak in breeding facilities may result in significant economic consequences. Although ECE has not been officially confirmed in Poland, equine practitioners have noted isolated clinical cases resembling the disease in farm horses in the last decades. This study aims to confirm the presence of ECE in Poland. Clinical diagnosis has been made based on characteristic lesions. Positive diagnosis was confirmed in two out of four outbreaks by real‐time PCR on genital swabs. The presence of the disease has been confirmed in different regions in Poland in farm horses bred as meat animals. Confirming EHV‐3 infection in the Polish equine population through laboratory examinations marks a significant milestone. It is now crucial to raise awareness among owners, breeders and equine practitioners about the current epidemiological status of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian women represented something of a persistent problem for colonial officials. The Indian Government consistently emphasized the importance of obtaining high numbers of indentured women, as the lack of women on plantations was portrayed as leading to so-called vice and 'immoral' sexual relations. For the plantation colonies, women represented the social reproduction of the workforce, through their domestic and reproductive labour. I chart three imperial discourses which attempted to embody indentured women in markedly different ways: as promiscuous wives, as diseased and as possessors of unfit wombs. Through these embodiments I explore how the increasing violences and failures of the indenture system interacted with nineteenth-century understandings of race to map these problems not onto the system of indenture but onto the bodies of indentured women. I look at how a particularly medicalized language around women created by colonial officials sought to control, border and embody the concept of the woman worker as inherently racially deficient. In doing so the colonial states involved in indentured labour positioned themselves as father, as correctors of racial deviancy and indenture as a system, by extension, as a means of stepping into subjecthood, history and civility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a view to confirming the hypothesis that the ineffectiveness of criminal law provisions under Articles 130, 131, 133 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is due to the shortcomings of their legislative design, the author analyses the definitions used by the legislator to determine the constructive objective features of criminal offences under Articles 130, 131, 133 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author establishes that they are inconsistent with the terminology of healthcare regulations which should be used when qualifying encroachments on biological safety manifested in infection of a person (persons) with infectious disease agents. The article states that current legislation does not contain any lists of incurable and venereal diseases. On this basis, it is concluded that the qualification of the relevant criminal offences is not based on the provisions of legislation, but on the previous court practice, common sense of law enforcement officers and the level of their legal awareness. The view is supported that the indication of a virus as an instrument of criminal offences (Articles 130, 131 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) significantly limits the criminalisation of encroachments on biological security in the form of spread of infectious diseases. Attention is drawn to the discrepancy between the constructions of the objective side of the corpus delicti of criminal offences under Articles 130 and 133 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provide for an identical mechanism of causing harm to the victim. It is established that the absence of any references in the disposition of Article 133 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to the means of infection (live pathogen) unjustifiably delays the moment of termination of this criminal offence until the victim develops clinical manifestations of the disease. Finally, the conclusion is made that the gradual widening of the gap between the substantive criminal law and medical law makes it increasingly difficult to qualify the infection of another person with dangerous infectious diseases and creates problems in delimiting related corpus delicti of criminal offences. The editorial wording of the unified basic elements of a criminal offence consisting in infecting a person with a pathogen which is dangerous to his/her life is proposed.

Background: Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a globally important venereal disease of cattle caused by Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. Diagnosis of BGC is highly challenging due to the lack of accurate diagnostic tests. Methods: To characterise the biomarkers for C. fetus venerealis infection, a total of twelve cycling heifers were selected and categorised as vaccinated (n = 6) with Vibrovax® (Zoetis™) and unvaccinated (n = 6). All heifers were oestrous synchronised with a double dose of prostaglandin (PGF2α) 11 days apart and when in oestrous intravaginally challenged with 2.7 x 109 CFU live C. fetus venerealis. DNA extracted from vaginal mucus samples was screened using a C. fetus qPCR and 16S rRNA was characterised using Illumina sequencing (V5-V8 region). Relative abundances of serum proteins were calculated using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) for all heifers at three timepoints: pre-challenge, post-challenge and post-recovery. Results: In 16S rRNA sequencing of vaginal mucus, Campylobacter spp. appeared two days following challenge in unvaccinated compared to 14 days in vaccinated animals, consistent with the qPCR results. Increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Campylobacterota were identified after C. fetus venerealis challenge and were associated with C. fetus venerealis in vaccinated and unvaccinated heifers. Greater relative abundance of Streptococcus spp. was observed during oestrous rather than dioestrous. In both vaccinated and unvaccinated heifers, Acinetobacter spp. increased after challenge with higher abundance of Corynebacterium spp. in the vaccinated group. A total of 130 unique proteins were identified in SWATH analysis of the serum samples, and the number of differentially abundant proteins found was higher in the vaccinated group after recovery from infection compared to pre-and post-challenge (adjusted P < 0.05 and Log2FC > 0.2). Conclusion: Coglutinin, clusterin, HP homologs, vitamin D binding protein and fetuin B were identified as potential biomarkers for C. fetus venerealis infection and need further study to validate their efficiency as immune biomarkers for BGC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundBovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a globally important venereal disease of cattle caused by Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. Diagnosis of BGC is highly challenging due to the lack of accurate diagnostic tests.MethodsTo characterise the biomarkers for C. fetus venerealis infection, a total of twelve cycling heifers were selected and categorised as vaccinated (n = 6) with Vibrovax® (Zoetis™) and unvaccinated (n = 6). All heifers were oestrous synchronised with a double dose of prostaglandin (PGF2α) 11 days apart and when in oestrous intravaginally challenged with 2.7 x 109 CFU live C. fetus venerealis. DNA extracted from vaginal mucus samples was screened using a C. fetus qPCR and 16S rRNA was characterised using Illumina sequencing (V5-V8 region). Relative abundances of serum proteins were calculated using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) for all heifers at three timepoints: pre-challenge, post-challenge and post-recovery.ResultsIn 16S rRNA sequencing of vaginal mucus, Campylobacter spp. appeared two days following challenge in unvaccinated compared to 14 days in vaccinated animals, consistent with the qPCR results. Increased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Campylobacterota were identified after C. fetus venerealis challenge and were associated with C. fetus venerealis in vaccinated and unvaccinated heifers. Greater relative abundance of Streptococcus spp. was observed during oestrous rather than dioestrous. In both vaccinated and unvaccinated heifers, Acinetobacter spp. increased after challenge with higher abundance of Corynebacterium spp. in the vaccinated group. A total of 130 unique proteins were identified in SWATH analysis of the serum samples, and the number of differentially abundant proteins found was higher in the vaccinated group after recovery from infection compared to pre-and post-challenge (adjusted P 0.2).ConclusionCoglutinin, clusterin, HP homologs, vitamin D binding protein and fetuin B were identified as potential biomarkers for C. fetus venerealis infection and need further study to validate their efficiency as immune biomarkers for BGC.

Objectives: Toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent protozoan parasite in human populations. This parasite is thought to be primarily transmitted through undercooked meat and contamination by cat feces. Here, we seek to determine if Toxoplasma gondii cysts can be found within human semen.Methods: We used a mixture of histological and immunofluorescence stains to visualize Toxoplasma gondii cysts in thin smears of human semen. Further, we probed for presence of bradyzoite-specific mRNA transcription using in-situ hybridization.Results: We visualized Toxoplasma gondii cysts in ejaculates of immune-competent and latently infected human volunteers. We confirmed the encystment by probing transcription of a bradyzoite-specific gene in these structures. These observations extend previous observations of the parasite in semen of several non-human host species, including rats, dogs, and sheep.Conclusions: Toxoplasma gondii infection is a clinically significant infection, in view of its high prevalence, its purported role in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, as well as in the more serious form of congenital toxoplasmosis. Our demonstration of intact Toxoplasma gondii cysts in the ejaculate supports the possibility of sexual transmission of the parasite and provides an impetus for further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1942, the British government placed large posters addressing the 'problem' of venereal disease (VD) in prominent public spaces, as an attempt to manage this 'threat' exacerbated by war. Utilising extensive archival research, this article uses the VD campaign as a lens to examine the way that the state sought to change attitudes and behaviour, and the role of posters in such attempts. With posters reflecting the most publicly acceptable discourses relating to VD, the article investigates state action and public responses, through themes of 'The People's War', medical and moral messages, and discourses of shadows and the home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governments of the newly formed and expanded states of Habsburg Central Europe began remaking society in formerly imperial spaces following Austria-Hungary's defeat in 1918. Austria-Hungary's demise as a geopolitical unit did not mean the disappearance of its administrative and juridical apparatus, some of which functioned well into the interwar era. Because bureaucratic transition did not necessarily parallel political transition, there was often no immediate, dramatic change in the regulation of prostitution--or the treatment of prostitutes and women assumed to be prostitutes--in these states. Some officials/police maintained that prostitution was a "necessary evil," and sought its continued regulation, while others sought its abolition. This article analyzes continuity and change in the treatment of prostitutes in prewar/wartime Cisleithanian Austria and postwar Venezia Giulia and Slovenia. Neighboring provinces under the Habsburg Monarchy, Italy occupied the former in late 1918, while the latter became part of Yugoslavia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the post-WWII decolonization era, the prospect of an open, decolonized Greenland, with unrestricted mobility for inhabitants, intensified medical experts' pre-existing concerns over sexually transmitted diseases. During the colonial phase, medical and administrative authorities could govern Greenlanders as subjects and accordingly control their mobility and interactions with Europeans. However, the decolonization agenda threatened to undermine this situation. Greenland could no longer remain a colony, enclosed and sealed off from the rest of world by trade monopoly and strict limitations on access to the country imposed by the Danish authorities. Doctors were concerned by two impending shifts that threatened to undermine efforts to control sexually transmitted diseases. First, Greenland's decolonized status would entail more or less free access to the country. Second, after decolonization, Greenlanders would have the status as citizens, and authorities could no longer govern them as (colonial) subjects. This paper demonstrates how medical authorities struggled with the Greenlanders' transition from controllable (sexual) subjects to rights-bearing (sexual) citizens. The paper provides a fresh perspective concerning this watershed moment, between colonialism and the process of decolonization in Greenland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aim: Campylobacter fetus is one of the most important pathogens that severely affects livestock industry worldwide. C. fetus mediated bovine genital campylobacteriosis infection in cattle has been associated with significant economic losses in livestock production in the Pampas region, the most productive area of Argentina. The present study aimed to establish the genomic relationships between C. fetus strains, isolated from the Pampas region, at local and global levels. The study also explored the utility of multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) as a typing technique for C. fetus. Materials and Methods: For pangenome and phylogenetic analysis, whole genome sequences for 34 C. fetus strains, isolated from cattle in Argentina were downloaded from GenBank. A local maximum likelihood (ML) tree was constructed and linked to a Microreact project. In silico analysis based on MLST was used to obtain information regarding sequence type (ST) for each strain. For global phylogenetic analysis, a core genome ML-tree was constructed using genomic dataset for 265 C. fetus strains, isolated from various sources obtained from 20 countries. Results: The local core genome phylogenetic tree analysis described the presence of two major clusters (A and B) and one minor cluster (C). The occurrence of 82% of the strains in these three clusters suggested a clonal population structure for C. fetus. The MLST analysis for the local strains revealed that 31 strains were ST4 type and one strain was ST5 type. In addition, a new variant was identified that was assigned a novel ST, ST70. In the present case, ST4 was homogenously distributed across all the regions and clusters. The global analysis showed that most of the local strains clustered in the phylogenetic groups that comprised exclusively of the strains isolated from Argentina. Interestingly, three strains showed a close genetic relationship with bovine strains obtained from Uruguay and Brazil. The ST5 strain grouped in a distant cluster, with strains obtained from different sources from various geographic locations worldwide. Two local strains clustered in a phylogenetic group comprising intercontinental Campylobacter fetus venerealis strains. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested active movement of animals, probably due to economic trade between different regions of the country as well as with neighboring countries. MLST results were partially concordant with phylogenetic analysis. Thus, this method did not qualify as a reliable subtyping method to assess C. fetus diversity in Argentina. The present study provided a basic platform to conduct future research on C. fetus, both at local and international levels.

The publication of articles by F. Steger, M. Schohow, M. Orzechowski 1 and I. Lipša 2 in the last two issues of the journal on the control of venereal diseases in the GDR, the Polish People Republic (PPR) and the Latvian SSR made it possible to expand joint academic interdisciplinary (historical, medical and socio-anthropological) research on this topic in four universities in Germany, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.

The programme for combatting venereal diseases in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (SOZ), the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Polish Peoples’ Republic (PPR) after the Second World War was adopted from the Soviet healthcare model. In order to maintain the spread of infections, both countries introduced specific legislation. The analysis of the regulations shows several similarities, such as establishment of easy access to anti-venereal health services, interruption of the chain of infection, and special treatment of individuals who constituted a danger of spreading the infection through compulsory hospitalisation. However, some differences are also visible. In the PPR, the decision about compulsory hospitalisation was left to individual evaluation of the attending physician. Closed venereology facilities or reformatories for treatment of venereal diseases, which existed in the GDR, were not established through legal regulations in the PPR. Since 1964, Polish law specifically targeted prostitutes and alcoholics as sources of spreading venereal diseases. These groups were not mentioned in the German legal acts. Analysis of praxis of compulsory commitment in the SOZ and GDR shows that mostly young women characterized as “drifters” were sent to closed venereology wards with breach of legal regulations. The number of prostitutes constituted only a very small fraction. In the PPR, the data from contemporary literature also indicates a considerable number of young women, the so-called “drifters”, committed to venereology ward.

Syphilis was a widespread infectious disease in 17th‐century Italy, commonly treated with mercury‐based ointments and fumigations. Few reports exist on the analysis of abnormally high Hg levels in bone as a result of exposure to mercury‐containing anti‐syphilitic medicine. In this research, two crania recovered among the 2.9 million commingled bones resting under the crypt of the former hospital of the poor of Milan were submitted to pathological, radiological and toxicological analysis. The crania showed gummatous lesions characteristic of tertiary syphilis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) analysis revealed over the double values of Hg in bone relative to that of the control sample. Archival documentation confirms the presence and use of mercury‐based treatments in the pharmacy of the hospitals of Milan. Consequently, the individuals probably came into contact with mercury as a treatment for syphilis, confirming its medical use in 17th‐century Milan and strengthening our knowledge of the history of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Total War” calls upon combatant countries to mobilize all of their resources and energies for war and their civilians to contribute in their own ways to the “war effort” of their respective governments. Carrying out such war, some governments try to redefine the distinction between the private sphere and the public sphere in their people’s lives. Even sexual life, the most private sphere in people’s lives, may be exposed to various forms of supervision and control from their states in the name of the national “war effort.” In particular, the government in war does not hesitate to scrutinize the most private sphere of their people’s lives when certain aspects of their lives do considerable harm to “war effort” or “national efficiency.” The British society in the First World War intensively experienced some kind of “social control” due to the increasing spread of venereal disease (VD) both among civilians and troops. Like British society as a whole, the British army, who had primary responsibility to fight the war in the field, had to fight another hard battle against an enemy within VD, throughout the war. During the First World War, VD caused 416,891 hospital admissions among British and Dominion troops. Excluding readmissions for relapses, approximately five percent of all the men who served in Britain's armies in the course of the war became infected. During the war, at least a division was constantly out of action because so many troops had to treat VD. This disease caused a huge drain on the British army's human and material resources and consequently undermined, to a considerable extent, its military efficiency. However, a series of measures of the British Army to improve the high rate of infection among their troops have been simply considered ineffective by both contemporaries and subsequent researchers. This article aims to provide a more balanced perspective on the efforts of the British Army to fight VD during the war and reconsider the existing understandings in regard to their general effectiveness. It argues that the overall measures of the British Army regarding VD have to be examined in the context of the national efforts of British society to fight against VD as a whole. Their supposed ineffectiveness well-reflected the indecisiveness of the overall British society in terms of both how to view VD and how to fight against it.

Abstract Background Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis causes significant economic losses in the domestic goose (Anser anser) industry in Europe. As 95% of the global goose production is in China where the primary species is the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), it is crucial to know whether the agent is present in this region of the world. Results Purulent cloaca and purulent or necrotic phallus inflammation were observed in affected animals which represented 1–2% of a swan goose breeding flock (75,000 animals) near Guanghzou, China, in September 2019. From twelve sampled animals the cloaca swabs of five birds (three male, two female) were demonstrated to be M. anserisalpingitidis positive by PCR and the agent was successfully isolated from the samples of three female geese. Based on whole genome sequence analysis, the examined isolate showed high genetic similarity (84.67%) with the European isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of two swan goose isolates, determined by microbroth dilution method against 12 antibiotics and an antibiotic combination were also similar to the European domestic goose ones with tylvalosin and tiamulin being the most effective drugs. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of M. anserisalpingitidis infection in swan goose, thus the study highlights the importance of mycoplasmosis in the goose industry on a global scale.

For being a fundamental element within a solid society, health needed certain financial efforts in infrastructure and human resources, especially for the rural environment. Precarious hygiene and lack of medical education led to an alarming incidence of contagious maladies up to become sanitary epidemic problems with a strong social impact in the inter-war times in Caraș. Some of pre World War I realities, as subsistence and social dismay made a virulent frame that facilitated the genesis of favorable milieus to develop contagious maladies. Venereal maladies, as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid were identified through medical research as ones of the main prevalent social maladies. The phenomenon of venereal maladies was one of the main objectives of the sanitary system in inter-war times that had to face to still persistent insalubrity in certain social strata and to lack of prophylactic information; they were the main troubles in fighting against those lethal diseases. The main problems the sanitary system had to control were frequently relating to phenomena generated by venereal maladies. Reducing of dissemination, improving of treatment, and optimizing the anti-venereal propaganda through means of education were the daily aspects in medical work for sustainable solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campylobacter fetus is a well-recognized pathogen that affects reproductive rate in cattle. In the present study, two Angus bulls were kept (39 days) separately with a group of heifers experimentally infected with Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius (Cfvi), respectively. Each bull resulted infected post-mating by its respective strain (Cfv and Cfvi). Semen samples collected from each bull at days 39, 82, 132 and 269 resulted positive for C. fetus by bacteriological culture and/or direct immunofluorescence (DIF) test, and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from colonies isolated. Diagnosis resulted better with bacteriological culture (100%) compared to DIF (37,5%). Campylobacter fetus was isolated from seminal vesicle and preputial mucosa by bacteriological culture and confirmed by PCR and DIF test from colonies previously isolated from these tissues (day 276). Microscopic lesions detected in both bulls showed moderate diffuse subepithelial lymphoplasmacytic postitis. None of the seminal vesicle presented relevant microscopic lesions. To our knowledge this is the first report of isolation of C. fetus from seminal vesicles in a bull. The experimental model herein described, mimicks the natural infection and constitutes a promising alternative for future studies of campylobacteriosis in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of polygenismover twentieth-century medicine andracial science has been an underdeveloped area of study. During the period referred to by historians as the 'eclipse of Darwinism', assumptions about separate human ancestry often structured debates across the USA over whether racial heredity was responsible for 'innate dispositions' toward certain diseases. This article explores how polygenist carryovers made their way into early twentieth-century medical and public health studies on the links between race and venereal disease during the American social hygiene movement (1910-40). It also recovers the work of the African-American physician, ethicist, and social hygienist, Dr Charles V. Roman, who stressed during this period that the idea of common human ancestry should push public health researchers to think more creatively and critically about the social and environmental factors shaping health outcomes and black susceptibility to sexual diseases.

This article addresses how French academics, doctors and state bureaucrats formulated sex work as a pathology, an area of inquiry that had to be studied in the interest of public safety. French colonisation in the Levant extended the reach of this 'expertise' from the metropole to Lebanon under the guise of public health. Knowledge produced by academics was used to buttress colonial state policy, which demanded that sex workers be contained to protect society against medical contagion. No longer drawing conclusions based on speculation, the medical establishment asserted its authority by harnessing modern advances in science and uniting them with extensive observation. 'Empirical facts' replaced 'opinions', as doctors forged new approaches to studying and containing venereal disease. They accomplished this through the use of statistics and new methods of diagnosing and treating maladies. Their novel approach was used to treat sex workers and to support commercial sex work policy both at home and abroad. Sex workers became the objects of scientific study and were consequently problematised by the state in medicalised terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anglican Army chaplains’ responses to prostitution in the First World War remain a neglected subject. Typically, historians have used references to prostitution in chaplains’ diaries and memoirs as anecdotes to illustrate moral tensions with military authorities. However, this approach implies a consistent moral condemnation throughout the conflict, contradicting recent research which emphasizes that chaplains adapted to their military environment and changed their perspectives. This article moves beyond the prevailing use of isolated anecdotes by situating chaplains’ responses to prostitution within military and social contexts. Rather than a static moralist position, it argues that chaplains’ responses to prostitution shifted throughout the conflict. While early responses were characterized largely by interventionist moral objections, from 1915 onwards these moral objections were accompanied by pragmatic assessments and criticisms of regulated prostitution. By adopting a chronological approach, and contrasting civilian and military chaplains approaches to the subject, this study argues that chaplains’ responses to regulated prostitution provide another means of showing how the military environment affected chaplains’ moral stances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bovine campylobacteriosis is a venereal disease due to infection with Campylobacter fetus venerealis. It causes mainly reproductive failures that lead to considerable economic losses. Objective: To perform a histopathological description of the mucosa from reproductive organs of heifers experimentally infected with Campylobacter fetus venerealis. Methods: Twelve 15-18-months-old Aberdeen Angus heifers were treated for estrous synchronization and exposed to natural breeding. They were then randomly divided into two groups: group A (n=9) was inoculated with C. fetus venerealis; group B (n=3, control) was inoculated with a placebo. Ultrasonography was performed at days 29, 38, and 42 post-breeding, and plasmatic progesterone levels were quantified using ELISA to confirm pregnancies. Animals in group A with plasma progesterone levels below 1 ng/mL and/or diagnosed as non-pregnant were further divided into three subgroups: A1 (n=4), euthanized at day 30 post-breeding; A2 (n=3), euthanized at day 40 post-breeding and A3 (n=2), euthanized at day 55 postbreeding. Heifers from group B, all diagnosed as pregnant, were euthanized each at day 30, 40, and 55 days post-breeding as well. Histological sections from every group were taken from oviducts, uterus, and vagina. Results: Lymphocytic inflammation was the most common lesion in all infected heifers. Trophoblast cells were found in the non-pregnant heifers euthanized at days 40, and 55 post-breeding. The inflammatory process with the presence of lymphoid cells probably altered the balance in the activity of maternal lymphoid cells, as well as gene expression of the trophoblast, finally affecting the embryo survival. Conclusion: This work contributes to the understanding of the histopathological process involved in post-mating infection of Campylobacter fetus bovine.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to quantify the seroprevalence of hare treponematosis in European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) populations in the Czech Republic and to test for an association between treponematosis prevalence and the altitude of the areas in which hares were sampled. We tested 289 serum samples of brown hares collected between 2015 and 2017. The sampling areas included 12 districts (73 villages) distributed throughout the Czech Republic. Serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against the causative agent of hare treponematosis (Treponema paraluisleporidarum ecovar Lepus, TPeL) using two serological tests for human syphilis that cross-react with TPeL: the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. To account for the imperfect diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of each test, apparent prevalence estimates of TPeL were converted to true prevalence estimates using the Rogan Gladen estimator. The correlation between TPeL true seroprevalence and altitude of sampling areas was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient at three levels of spatial resolution: (1) four groups, each composed of two merged districts, with ≥20 samples collected, differing in their altitude median (206, 348, 495, and 522 m above sea level); (2) separately tested eight districts, where ≥20 samples were collected per district; and (3) 27 groups composed of villages of the same altitude level distributed across the whole dataset. Results One hundred and seven of the 289 samples were seropositive to both tests, the FTA-ABS test was positive for an additional 47 samples. Seropositive samples were found in all 12 districts. True seroprevalence of TPeL in the sampled hares was 52% (95% confidence interval 46 to 58%). A statistically significant negative correlation between TPeL seroprevalence and altitude was identified at the district level (Pearson’s r = − 0.722, p = 0.043). Conclusions Between 2015 and 2017 hare treponematosis was present at a relatively high prevalence in brown hares in all 12 districts in the Czech Republic where sampling was carried out. The seroprevalence of TPeL in brown hares was negatively correlated with the altitude of the areas in which hares were sampled.

As long as 400 years ago, syphilitic ulcers and gonococcal discharge were observed in connection with sexual intercourse. War, poverty, and lack of efficient therapeutic options led to a high incidence of venereal diseases, many of which had devastating outcomes. This situation continued until the beginning of the 20th century, when the microbial aetiology of venereal diseases was discovered. The infection rate dropped with the availability of antibiotic therapy after the Second World War. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, a steady increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been recognized worldwide. The number of reported cases of syphilis is increasing in Europe, especially in men having sex with men (MSM). Antibiotic resistance in several genital pathogens, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium, causes therapeutic problems. Viral genital infections have become a therapeutic challenge, especially for prevention of STIs. Due to better knowledge of the long-term consequences of STIs and the connection between genital cancer and papillomavirus infections, sexual health services with screening programmes have been established in many European countries. There is general awareness of the importance of human papilloma virus vaccination programmes for young adolescents as a preventive strategy for genital cancer.

ABSTRACT: Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal disease caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis. In countries with large cattle herds, such as Brazil, where the use of natural breeding as a reproductive strategy is a common practice, BGC is considered an important cause of reproductive failure and economic losses. In these cases, the bull is the asymptomatic carrier of the bacterium and the infected females can have infertility and even abortions. The techniques for the diagnosis of C. fetus are isolation in culture medium and identification by biochemical tests, immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic assays and molecular techniques. Disease control is based on vaccination with bacterins. This review described the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and advances in the diagnosis and control of BGC.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis causes significant economic losses in the domestic goose (Anser anser) industry in Europe. As 95% of the global goose production is in China where the primary species is the swan goose (Anser cygnoides), it is crucial to know whether the agent is present in this region of the world. Results: Purulent cloaca and purulent or necrotic phallus inflammation were observed in affected animals which represented 1–2% of a swan goose breeding flock (75,000 animals) near Guanghzou, China, in September 2019. From twelve sampled animals the cloaca swabs of five birds (three male, two female) were demonstrated to be M. anserisalpingitidis positive by PCR and the agent was successfully isolated from the samples of three female geese. Based on whole genome sequence analysis, the examined isolate showed high genetic similarity (84.67%) with the European isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of two swan goose isolates, determined by microbroth dilution method against 12 antibiotics and an antibiotic combination were also similar to the European domestic goose ones with tylvalosin and tiamulin being the most effective drugs. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of M. anserisalpingitidis infection in swan goose, thus the study highlights the importance of mycoplasmosis in the goose industry on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As long as 400 years ago, syphilitic ulcers and gonococcal discharge were observed in connection with sexual intercourse. War, poverty, and lack of efficient therapeutic options led to a high incidence of venereal diseases, many of which had devastating outcomes. This situation continued until the beginning of the 20th century, when the microbial aetiology of venereal diseases was discovered. The infection rate dropped with the availability of antibiotic therapy after the Second World War. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, a steady increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been recognized worldwide. The number of reported cases of syphilis is increasing in Europe, especially in men having sex with men (MSM). Antibiotic resistance in several genital pathogens, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium, causes therapeutic problems. Viral genital infections have become a therapeutic challenge, especially for prevention of STIs. Due to better knowledge of the long-term consequences of STIs and the connection between genital cancer and papillomavirus infections, sexual health services with screening programmes have been established in many European countries. There is general awareness of the importance of human papilloma virus vaccination programmes for young adolescents as a preventive strategy for genital cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]