Search

Jezik je pomembna prvina tudi za varstvo pravic strank, saj je že ustavno zagotovljeno posebno varstvo pripadnikov italijanske in madžarske manjšine, invalidov in tujcev oziroma vseh strank v upravnih razmerjih. Prispevek je osredotočen na študijo razsežnosti regulacije rabe jezika v upravnih postopkih kot temeljnem procesu dela v javni upravi. Rezultati analize upravne prakse po različnih virih (judikatura, analize Ministrstva za javno upravo /MJU/, portal Upravna svetovalnica in anketa med načelniki upravnih enot) kažejo, da pri izvajanju splošne (zlasti Zakon o splošnem upravnem postopku /ZUP/) in področne zakonodaje pretežno ne prihaja do težav, razen na področju tujcev. Zato za v prihodnje predlagam le nomotehnične izboljšave, v ostalem pa usmerjeno in sistemsko skrb za jezikovne pravice z ozaveščanjem uradnih oseb in splošne javnosti. Language is an important element of protection of the parties’ rights in administrative procedures, hence the constitutional protection of representatives of the Italian and Hungarian minorities, persons with disabilities, and foreigners is guaranteed. This article focuses on the analysis of legal regulation and the practice of language use in administrative procedures. Drawing from various sources (case law, inspectorate’s reports, Administrative Consultation Wiki web portal, and the survey among the heads of administrative units), the results of the analysis of administrative practice reveal that except for foreigners’ rights, no major issues occur when implementing general (Administrative Procedure Act) or sector specific legislation. Therefore, we suggest for the future merely improvements in terms of legal drafting technique, while a systematic and focused concern for language rights is still required by enhancing the awareness of the officials and the general public.

Človekove pravice pripadajo vsem ljudem, ne glede na državljanstvo, spol, raso, vero, jezik ali kateri drug status, in so tiste pravice, ki varujejo določene dobrine, katere so nujno potrebne za delovanje posameznika v družbi. V primeru, da posameznik meni, da mu je bila s posameznim aktom kršena določena pravica, mu država omogoča pravno varstvo, ki je določeno z ustavo in zakonom, ter zagotavlja pravno ter zakonito odločanje, tudi v konkretnih upravnih zadevah. V diplomskem delu sem preučevala judikaturo Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice (ESČP), posebej v upravnih zadevah po nacionalnem pravu, pri čemer sem uporabila deskriptivno, primerjalno in statistično metodo. V raziskovalnem delu diplomskega dela se osredotočam predvsem na analizo letnih poročil ESČP v obdobju 2014–2017, tj. obseg pritožb pred ESČP, in sicer, ali se to število letno povečuje, pada ali stagnira. Analizo sem razdelila na dve poglavji, in sicer na analizo vseh in le upravnih zadev. Skozi raziskavo sem prišla do ugotovitev, da se v celoti največ kršitev nanaša na 6. člen Konvencije, tj. pravice do poštenega sojenja, zaradi predolgotrajnih postopkov oziroma pravice do odločanja v razumnem roku. Tudi Slovenija je prepogosto kršila pravico do sojenja v razumnem roku. ESČP je v sodbi Lukenda opozorilo, da ta kršitev predstavlja sistemski problem države. Šele po izreku te sodbe se je Slovenija začela zavedati pomembnosti spoštovanja pravice do sojenja v razumnem roku. Human rights and freedoms belong to every person in the word regardless of their nationality, gender, race, religion, language or any other status. Individuals who believe their human rights have been violated and are unable to remedy their claim through their national legal system, may lodge an application to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The alleged violation must have been committed by one of the States bound by the Convention. I have studied especially administrative matters according to the national law in front of the ECtHR. The methods used in my diploma are descriptive, statistics, and comparison. In The research part, I mainly focus on the analysis of the annual reports of the ECtHR, between 2014–2017, to clarify, if the number of complaints before the ECtHR is increasing, falling or stagnating. In administrative matters, the most common violation is lengthy decision- making. Slovenia also often violated the right to a trial within a reasonable time. In the Lukenda judgment, the ECHR noted, that this violation constituted a systemic problem of the state. After this judgments Slovenia began to be aware of the importance of respecting the right to a trial within a reasonable time.

Splošni upravni postopek je en sam, medtem ko poznamo nekaj sto posebnih upravnih postopkov. V Sloveniji so upravni postopki opredeljeni z Zakonom o splošnem upravnem postopku in s posebnimi specialnimi procesnimi pravili področne zakonodaje, ki urejajo posamezna strokovna vprašanja, kadar pravila splošnega zakona ne zadoščajo in zahtevajo uporabo področnega zakona skupaj z ZUP. Večina zakonskih predpisov zahteva uporabo predpisanih temeljnih načel. Ta namreč predstavljajo smernice odločanja v upravnih zadevah ter varstvo človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin. Njihova uporaba vključno z uporabo pravnih sredstev in potrebnim nadzorom vzpostavlja red in disciplino v medsebojnih odnosih med ljudmi in oblastjo. Skratka je s skupno uporabo splošnega zakona o upravnem postopku in specialnimi procesnimi pravili področne zakonodaje omejeno samovoljno odločanje uprave in s tem delo upravnih organov. Tako imajo pri izvajanju upravnih postopkov pomembno vlogo temeljna načela upravnega postopka po ZUP. Načela predstavljajo postopkovne smernice upravnega postopka, njihova kršitev pa predstavlja absolutno bistveno postopkovno napako, ki privede do ustrezne sankcije ali celo do ničnosti odločbe. V mojem diplomskemu delu predstavljam, kaj je splošni upravni postopek in kaj so posebni upravni postopki, medsebojno povezanost in uporabo temeljnih načel upravnega postopka, zlasti varstvo javnega interesa in pravic strank ter ekonomičnost. In the administration of the Republic of Slovenia there is one general administrative procedure and several special administrative procedures. Administrative procedures are governed by the Slovenian General Administrative Procedure Act (Slovenian acronym: ZUP) and several other special procedural regulations of the sectoral legislation regulating individual specific issues, when the rules of the general law are insufficient and require the application of the sectoral law together with the General Administrative Procedure Act. Most of the legal provisions require the application of the fundamental principles which represent guidelines for decision making in administrative matters as well as protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Their use and the use of legal means together with the necessary supervision helps establishing order and discipline in the interaction between individuals and the authority. Joint usage of the General Administrative Procedure Act and sectoral special procedures ensures arbitrary decision making of the Administration and administrative authorities is limited. Therefore, the fundamental principles of the administrative procedure in accordance with ZUP play the key role in protecting the rights of the parties involved. The fundamental principles represent procedural guidelines for the administrative procedures their violation represents an absolute procedural error which imposes appropriate sanctions or can moreover even lead to the annulment of the decision. My thesis presents the general administrative procedure and the special administrative procedures, their interconnection and the application of the basic principles of administrative proceedings. Amongst basic principles I present in particular the protection of the public interest, the individual’s rights and the economy.

Država nosi pomembno odgovornost, da otroke, ki iz različnih razlogov začasno ne morejo bivati pri svojih starših, premesti v nadomestno - rejniško družino, v kateri otrok biva in je deležen zanj primerne oskrbe, nege, vzgoje, podpore in ljubezni ter pozitivne družinske izkušnje nasploh, dokler se razmere v matični družini ne popravijo oziroma izboljšajo. Center za socialno delo (CSD) je kot nosilec javnih pooblastil odgovoren za odločitev v zvezi z odvzemom in oddajo otroka v rejništvo. V okvir te odločitve spada tudi dolžnost preverjanja pogojev in motivov ter primernosti kandidatov za izvajanje rejniške dejavnosti. Po sami namestitvi otroka v rejniško družino pa je CSD zadolžen še za opravljanje nadzora nad pravilnim izvajanjem rejništva, aktivno pomoč matični družini, otroku in rejniški družini, če ta pomoč potrebuje, ter sestavo individualne projektne skupine (IPS), na kateri se pripravi natančen načrt obravnave otroka in njegova nadaljnja oskrba, vzgoja in nega v rejniški družini. Diplomska naloga podrobno analizira institut rejništva in z njim povezane pojme. Osredotoča se na odgovornost in dolžnosti Centra za socialno delo v postopkih rejništva, vse od začetka pa do konca trajanja rejništva ter na odgovornost rejnikov in rejniške družine do otroka, CSD in matične družine. The country holds an important responsibility to transfer children, who, for various reasons, temporarily cannot live with their parents, to a foster family in which the child resides and receives appropriate care, upbringing, support, love and a general positive family experience until the conditions in their biological family improve. The Social Work Centre (SWC) has the public authorisation to decide whether a child should be removed from the home and put into foster care. Included in this decision is also the obligation to evaluate the conditions, motives and the suitability of candidates to perform foster care. After the child is placed into foster care, the SWC is then obligated to supervise the foster care and to actively help the biological family, the child, and the foster family, if help is needed. Furthermore, it is obliged to compose an individual project group (IPG), where a detailed plan is prepared regarding the approach to the child as well as his future care and upbringing in the foster family. This diploma thesis analyses in detail the institute of foster care and notions in connection to it. It focuses on the responsibilities and obligations of the Social Work Centre in foster care proceedings, throughout the duration of the foster care, and it also focuses on the responsibilities of foster parents and the foster family to the child, SWC and the biological family.

Avtor obravnava sedem po njegovi oceni najpomembnejših odločitev Ustavnega sodišča Slovenije, sprejetih med letoma 1977 in 2009. Temeljni kriterij za izbor odločitev je njihov prispevek k vzpostavljanju zahtevnejših standardov varstva človekovih in manjšinskih pravic ter omejevanju in sankcionairanju protiustavnih posegov države vanje. Po avtorjevi oceni je najpomembnejša odločba o izbrisanih, ki je sicer razkrila obotavljanja pri uresničevanju odločitev Ustavnega sodišča, vendar bo na koncu zmagalo prepričanje, da ima glede razlage Ustave in varstva človekovih pravic ustavno sodišče zadnjo besedo. The author discusses seven, in his opinion, most important decisions of the Slovenian Constitutional Court. They were taken between 1977 and 2009. The main criteria for the selection of the decisions is their contribution to establishing more stringent standards of the protection of human and minority rights and limitation and sanctioning of unconstitutional interventions of the state. According to the author, the most important decision is the one regarding the erased, which has in fact revealed the delays in implementation of the decisions of the Constitutional Court, but in the end the belief that the Constitutional Court has the final say regarding the interpretation of constitution shall prevail. The text is published in Slovenian.