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Telemedicina je hitro razvijajoče se področje, ki na učinkovit način zagotavlja zdravstvene storitve. Ker se pri telemedicini, tako kot v vsakdanji običajni klinični praksi, rokuje z občutljivimi osebnimi podatki, se je treba zavedati nevarnosti spletnega kriminala ter spoznati načine za zaščito pred takimi napadi. Področje varovanja osebnih podatkov je slovenski in evropski pravni prostor dobro opredelil, obstajajo pa odprta še nekatera nerazrešena vprašanja na področju telemedicine. Telemedicinske storitve delimo na sinhrone (v realnem času, npr. videokonference) in asinhrone (z zaostankom v komunikaciji, npr. spletna pošta) ter na spremljanje parametrov zdravja na daljavo (spremljanje arterijskega tlaka, krvnega sladkorja ipd.). Vsako od teh področij ima svoje varnostne značilnosti in posebnosti. Varovanje osebnih podatkov je pri telemedicinskih storitvah potrebno zagotoviti na sistemski in individualni ravni. Vsak zaposleni v zdravstvu, ki izvaja storitve na področju telemedicine, mora pri svojem delu skrbeti za varnost podatkov. Posebej pomembno se je redno izobraževati na temo informacijske varnosti. Tudi v Sloveniji se izvaja že sorazmerno veliko telemedicinskih projektov, med katerimi jih je nekaj tudi prešlo v redno uporabo. Eden najobsežnejših zdravstvenih projektov pri nas je projekt eZdravje, ki med drugim vključuje tudi nekatere telemedicinske storitve (TeleKap, Teleradiologija, ePosvet).

Uvod: Izboljšanje varnosti pri uporabi zdravil zahteva sistemski pristop. Ključno za zmanjšanje napak pri dajanju zdravil je razumevanje, kako in zakaj se napake pojavijo. Medicinske sestre najpogosteje dajo zdravilo in so tako po eni strani tiste, ki povzročajo napake pri dajanju zdravil, po drugi strani pa so lahko najpomembnejši člen pri varni uporabi zdravil. Namen: S pregledom najnovejše relevantne literature ugotoviti, kateri so najpomembnejši vzroki za napake pri dajanju zdravil in kateri so najpomembnejši ukrepi za preprečevanje napak pri dajanju zdravil. Metode dela: Izveden je bil pregled domače in tuje literature v bazah podatkov COBIB.si, Google učenjak, Medline (Pubmed), CINAHL in SpringerLink. Za iskanje slovenske literature so bila uporabljena iskalna gesla: "medicinske sestre" IN "napake pri dajanju zdravil", "medicinske sestre" IN "ukrepi za preprečevanje napak pri dajanju zdravil" za literaturo v angleškem jeziku: "nurses" AND "medication administration errors", "nurses" AND "measures to prevent errors in the medication administration errors". Vključitveni kriteriji za pregled literature so bili: elektronska dostopnost do celotnih besedil, objava v obdobju 2010−2020 in slovenski ali angleški jezik. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo uvrščenih 18 člankov. Identificirali smo 40 kod, ki smo jih združili v dve vsebinski kategoriji: vzroki za napake medicinskih sester pri dajanju zdravil in ukrepi pri izgradnji in vzdrževanju varnostnega sistema za namen preprečevanja napak pri dajanju zdravil. Razprava in zaključek: Napake pri dajanju zdravil so relativno pogoste. Vzroki za napake pri dajanju zdravil so človeške in sistemske narave. Zdravstvene organizacije morajo ustvariti neobtoževalno organizacijsko kulturo, da zaposleni brez strahu poročajo o napakah pri dajanju zdravil. Manj raziskan je odnos medicinskih sester do varnostnih praks. Prav tako je premalo raziskana povezava med varnostnimi praksami in kompetencami, znanji ter stališči medicinskih sester. Introduction: Improving the safety of medicines requires a systemic approach. Understanding how and why errors occur is key to reducing medication administration errors. Nurses most often give medication and are, on the one hand, the ones that cause medication administration errors, and on the other hand, they may be the most important link in the safe use of medicines. Purpose: To review the latest relevant literature to determine the most important causes of medication administration errors and the most important measures to prevent medication administration errors. Methods: A review of domestic and foreign literature in the databases COBIB.si, Google Scholar, Medline (Pubmed), CINAHL and SpringerLink was performed. Search passwords were used to search for Slovenian literature: “nurses" AND "medication administration errors", "nurses" AND "measures to prevent errors in the medication administration errors". Inclusion criteria for the literature review were electronic accessibility to full texts, publication in the period 2010–2020 and Slovene or English language. Results: 18 articles were included in the final analysis. We identified 40 codes, which were grouped into two content categories: causes of nurses’ errors in administering medications and measures in building and maintaining a safety system for the purpose of preventing errors in administering medications. Discussion and conclusion: Medication administration errors are relatively common. The causes of medication administration errors are human and systemic. Healthcare organizations need to create a nonaccusatory organizational culture so that employees can report medication errors without fear. Less explored are nurses’ attitudes toward safety practices. The link between safety practices and competencies, knowledge and attitudes of nurses is also insufficiently researched.

Varnostni ukrepi medicinske narave v kazenskem pravu so vrsta varnostnih ukrepov, katerih bistvo je odprava vira nevarnosti (duševne motnje) s terapevtsko obravnavo storilca. Od poznanih medicinskih varnostnih ukrepov, poznamo v slovenski kazenski zakonodaji dve vrsti ukrepov obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja. Ukrepa predstavljata preplet kazenskega prava in psihiatrije, strok z nasprotujočimi si izhodišči glede svobodne volje in prioritete skrbi za blagostanje posameznika oziroma družbeni red. Razlike med strokami in pogledi na obravnavo storilcev v kazenskem pravu so sprožile diskusije o primernosti terapevtske obravnave duševno motenih storilcev kot dela kazenskega prava. Magistrsko delo začnem s predstavitvijo razvoja medicinskih varnostnih ukrepov in nadaljujem z opisom slovenske ureditve ukrepov obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja. V zadnjem delu pregledam in ovrednotim argumente za in proti umestitvi medicinskih ukrepov v kazensko pravo. Menim, da bi z izločitvijo medicinskih ukrepov iz kazenskega prava in celovito ureditvijo ukrepov na področju duševnega zdravja prišli do pojmovno dosledne ureditve, ki omogoča smiselno in enakopravno obravnavo vseh pacientov z duševnimi motnjami. Medical safety measures in criminal law are types of safety measures that are defined by the use of therapeutic interventions to eliminate the source of danger (mental disorder). Out of the known medical safety measures, two types of compulsory psychiatric treatment are known in Slovenian criminal legislation. The two measures represent an entanglement of criminal law and psychiatry, two fields with opposing assumptions with regards to free will and the priority when it comes to the welfare of the individual or the societal order. Differences among fields of expertise and viewpoints on the treatment of offenders have sparked discussions about the suitability of the therapeutic treatment of mentally disordered offenders as a part of criminal law. I open the master’s thesis by describing the development of medical safety measures and continue by describing the Slovenian system of medical safety measures. In the last part, I give an overview and my evaluation of arguments pro et contra the placement of medical measures in criminal law. I believe that with the exclusion of medical measures and holistic systematization of measures in the field of mental health law, we would achieve a dogmatically consistent system which enables sensible and equal treatment of all patients with mental disorders.

Šport in športne prireditve predstavljajo pomemben dejavnik sodobne družbe. Nogomet specifično je najbolj priljubljen in gledan šport na svetu, in zato na stadione ter druge športne objekte tedensko privablja veliko število ljudi, navijačev in navijaških skupin. Z velikim številom posameznikov in skupin na majhnem prostoru se skladno s tem dvigneta tudi tveganje in varnostni riziko na sami prireditvi. Skozi zgodovino so se na nogometnih tekmah dogajale tragične stvari samo zaradi slabe organizacije same prireditve, slabega izvajanja ukrepov, navijaških skupin in dejanskega nezavedanja možnih posledic ter njenih razsežnosti. Vsekakor so se skozi leta razvijali novi mehanizmi, načini in ukrepi, kako povečati varnost na prireditvah. Problem pa je, da se istočasno razvijajo tudi potencialne grožnje za to. Treba je tudi vedeti, da bodo ali pa bodo poskušale biti navijaške skupine vedno en korak pred varnostnim osebjem in organizatorjem. Navijaške skupine predstavljajo veliko tveganje na tekmah, saj nekatere ne delujejo v zakonskih okvirih, predvsem na jugu celine dajejo te skupine vtis paravojaške formacije in ta položaj, ugled ter moč izkoriščajo za izvajanje kaznivih dejanj, npr. preprodajo drog, strelnega orožja, izvajanje umorov ipd. Kot naslednje veliko tveganje se smatra sama infrastruktura športnih objektov, ki je velikokrat neprimerna. Pomemben dejavnik pa je kot povsod človeški faktor, ki je ključen pri organizaciji in izvajanju varnostnih ukrepov na sami prireditvi. Iz vsega navedenega se vidi, kako kompleksen proces je pravzaprav organizacija neke športne prireditve. Sports and sporting events are an important factor in modern society. Football is specifically the most popular and watched sport in the world and therefore attracts many people, fans and supporter groups to stadiums and other sports facilities on a weekly basis. With many individuals and groups in a small space, the risk is raised accordingly and security guards at the event themselves. Throughout history, tragic things have happened at football matches only because of the poor organization of the event itself, the poor implementation of the actions, the cheerleading groups and the actual ignorance of the possible consequences and its magnitude. Certainly, over the years, new mechanisms, methods and measures have been developed to increase security at events, but the problem is that potential threats to this are also being developed. It should also be noted that cheerleading teams will always be one step ahead of the security staff and organizer, if they do not try. Fan groups pose a great risk in matches, as some do not operate within the legal framework, especially in the south of the continent, they give the impression of paramilitary formations and use this position and reputation and power to commit crimes, e.g. reselling of drugs, firearms, murder, etc. The next big risk is the infrastructure of sports facilities itself, which is often inappropriate. An important factor, though, is the human factor everywhere, which is crucial in organizing and implementing security measures at the event itself. This shows how complex the process of organizing one sporting event is.

Z diplomsko nalogo smo ugotavljali, kako velika rastlinojeda divjad s selektivnim objedanjem vpliva na naravno pomlajevanje drevesnih in grmovnih vrst na Krasu. Raziskovalni objekti so zavzemali 6 posekanih in v enem delu ograjenih površin, osnovanih leta 2012 v bližini Divače. Analize smo opravili s parno primerjavo med ograjenimi in neograjenimi površinami. Na vsaki vzorčni ploskvi (N=48) smo popisali vertikalno zastiranje zeliščne plasti in vseh lesnatih rastlin, ki smo jim določili vrsto in višino. Dve leti po osnovanju raziskovalnih objektov smo ugotovili, da so razlike med ograjenimi in neograjenimi površinami prisotne v manjši meri in da rastlinojeda divjad z objedanjem najbolj vpliva na naravno pomlajevanje grmovnih vrst. The aim of the thesis is to determine the impact of large herbivore selective browsing on natural regeneration of tree and shrub species in the Karst region. Research plots included six deforested and partially enclosed areas created in 2012 in the vicinity of Divača. Analyses were conducted with pairwise comparison between fenced and unfenced areas. Vertical shielding of herb layers and all woody plants, for which we previously determined the type of species and height, were inventoried for each sample area (N = 48). Two years after the creation of research facilities we determined that differences between fenced and unfenced areas are present only in minimum rate and that large herbivore with browsing have most influence on natural regeneration of shrub species.

Ob hitro naraščajočem cestnem prometu je problematika prometne varnosti na cestah tako v Sloveniji kot v svetu že nekaj let med najbolj izpostavljenimi. Prometna varnost je odvisna od vrste dejavnikov. Infrastruktura je samo eden izmed elementov prometne varnosti in zagotavlja osnovni nivo varnosti oziroma temeljno varnost. Načelo odpuščanja napak voznikov predstavlja temelj koncepta “odpuščajočih cest”, gre namreč za sodoben pristop zagotavljanja varnejših cest, s katerim je mogoče preprečiti ali znižati določen odstotek prometnih nesreč, katerih vzroki so napake voznikov. Koncept je inženirski pristop, ki na način ureditve cestne infrastrukture in obcestja (ob upoštevanju fizičnih omejitev ter zmožnosti) izključi možnosti za človeške napake do neke mere in tako zagotovi zmanjšanje števila prometnih nesreč oziroma preprečitev njihovih hudih posledic. V magistrskem delu smo proučili osnovna izhodišča problema prometnih nesreč motoristov, namen in rešitve koncepta “odpuščajočih cest”. Na podlagi teh podatkov smo določili nekatere ukrepe načrtovanja varne cestne infrastrukture in obcestja za motoriste, ki izhajajo iz primerov dobrih praks evropskih držav s področja zagotavljanja varnejše cestne infrastrukture. With rapidly rising road traffic, road safety issues in Slovenia and in the world in the past years have been among the most vulnerable. Traffic safety depends on a number of factors. Infrastructure is only one of the elements of road safety and as such provides the basic level of safety. The principle of redundant driver errors is the foundation of the concept of "forgiving roads", which is a modern approach to safer roads, which can prevent or reduce a certain percentage of road accidents, the causes of which are drivers' errors. The concept is an engineering approach that excludes the possibility of human error to some extent by means of regulating the road infrastructure and roadside (taking into account physical limitations and capabilities), thus ensuring a reduction in number of road accidents or preventing their serious consequences. In the master's thesis, we examined the basic starting points of the problem of road accidents of motorcyclists, as well as the purpose and solutions of the concept of "forgiving roads". Based on this information, we have set out some measures for the design of a safe road infrastructure and roadsides for motorcyclists, which are derived from the examples of good practices in some European countries in the field of providing safer road infrastructure.

Diplomsko delo obravnava nevarnosti izpostavljenosti svincu in njegovim spojinam ter navaja možnosti, kako se izogniti škodljivim vplivom le-teh na človeka. Svinec je težka kovina, ki predstavlja nevarnost predvsem zaradi antropogenih virov emisij in je nevarna, ker se izpostavljenosti svincu pogosto sploh ne zavemo. V diplomskem delu sem predstavila lastnosti svinca, njegovo uporabo skozi zgodovino in s tem tudi možne vire izpostavljenosti. Opisala sem škodljive vplive svinca na posameznika ter predstavila posledice, ki jih svinec lahko pusti pri kratkotrajni in dolgotrajni izpostavljenosti. V Sloveniji je onesnaženost s svincem najbolj prisotna v Mežiški dolini, kjer se je z večletnim rudarjenjem svinec kopičil v okolju in še danes uničuje zdravje prebivalcev. V eksperimentalnem delu sem predstavila današnje stanje onesnaženosti v Mežiški dolini in opisala program ukrepov, ki so jih sprejeli, ter predlagala nekatere druge, dodatne ukrepe. Navezala sem se tudi na ukrepe sprejete v tujini. V nadaljevanju sem preučila poklic steklarja, ki je pri svojem delu izpostavljen svinčevemu oksidu. Z varnostno inženirko v Steklarni Rogaška sem izpolnila vprašalnik, ki sem ga sestavila, da bi se seznanila z varnostnimi ukrepi in s tem ocenila možnosti dviga ravni varnostne kulture v podjetju. The thesis examines the risks of exposure to lead and its compounds, and outlines how to avoid harmful effects on humans. Lead is a heavy metal that poses a threat mainly due to anthropogenic emission sources and is dangerous because many people don’t even know they are exposed. In the diploma thesis, I have presented the properties of lead, its use throughout history and hence possible sources of exposure. I described the harmful effects of lead on the individual and presented the effects that lead can leave on short and long-term exposure. In Slovenia, pollution with lead is most present in the Mežica valley, where lead has accumulated in the environment through long-term mining and is still destroying the health of the inhabitants. In the experimental work, I presented the present state of pollution in Mežica valley and described the program of measures that they accepted and proposed some other additional measures. I also associated with measures that were taken abroad. In the following, I examined the profession of a glassmaker who is exposed to lead in the profession of lead oxide. With a security engineer in Rogaška, I completed a questionnaire, which I prepared to familiarize myself with security measures, and thus to assess the possibilities of raising the level of security culture in the company.

Diplomsko delo se ukvarja s temeljnimi pojmi in zakonodajo, ki ureja področje zasebnega varovanja, posebej pa se osredotoča na varovanje prireditev v gostinskih lokalih. Teoretično se naloga v osnovi opira na aktualno zakonodajo s področja varovanja, predvsem Zakon o zasebnem varovanju, Zakon o javnih zbiranjih in Uredbo o obveznem organiziranju službe varovanja na javnih prireditvah, pri tem pa predstavi ukrepe varnostnikov pri varovanju ter sam način varovanja na prireditvah v gostinskih lokalih. Diplomsko delo daje posebej velik pomen varnostnemu načrtu kot temeljnemu dokumentu in osnovi za izvedbo varovanja, ki vsebuje oceno stopnje tveganja, program varovanja ter načrt fizičnega varovanja, in ga skozi elemente, zapisane v zakonodaji, tudi natančno opiše. Vsebuje tudi predstavitev in analizo konkretnega načrta za varovanje v gostinskem lokalu, ki ga varuje zasebno varnostna družba, ter intervju z direktorjem te družbe in tremi zaposlenimi – varnostniki. Namen intervjujev je ugotoviti, kako pomemben je za uspešno opravljanje varovanja načrt varovanja. V sklepnem delu naloga potrdi predpostavko, da je varnostni načrt temeljni dokument in – pripravljen strokovno, skrbno in temeljito – osnova vsakega dobro izvedenega varovanja. S tem se strinjajo tudi sogovorniki v empiričnem delu naloge, ki zakonska in strokovna izhodišča, na katerih temelji koncept varovanja prireditev (v gostinskih lokalih), ocenjujejo kot dobra in ustrezna, pri tem pa na podlagi izkušenj kot eno od pomembnih predpostavk za kakovostno opravljeno storitev varovanja posebej izpostavljajo timsko delo in možnost prenosa izkušenj z bolj izkušenih varnostnikov na tiste, ki so šele začeli opravljati to fizično in psihično zahtevno delo. The focus of this bachelor’s degree is basic terminology and legislation regulating private security, specifically security at events in catering establishments. Theoretical part of the paper is based on current legislation regulating security, especially the Law on Private Security and Regulation on compulsory organization of security Services at public events, highlighting the security and protection measures security guards take at events in catering establishments. This paper particularly focuses on the safety plan as the basic document and the ground for the implementation of security measures, including an assessment of the degree of risk, a security plan and a plan of physical protection. The security plan is described in detail through the articles and regulations of our legislation. In addition, this degree includes an analysis of a concrete security plan in a catering establishment, which is protected by a security company, as well as an interview with the director of this company and three employees’ security guards. The purpose of the interviews is to determine the importance of the security plan for a successful implementation of security. In the final part of the bachelor’s degree, the paper confirms the assumption that the security plan is the basic document and prepared in a professional, attentive and thorough manner the basis of every well-executed security. The empirical part of the paper shows that this is also supported by the interlocutors included in the analysis. They assess the legal and professional starting points on which the concept of protection (at catering establishments) is based, as good and appropriate. Drawing from their experiences, they conclude that one of the most important starting points for providing a quality security service is teamwork and the possibility of transferring experience and knowledge from more experienced security guards to those who have just begun to perform this physically and psychologically demanding job.

Splošna uredba EU o varstvu osebnih podatkov [Uredba GDPR] je tematika, ki je z uveljavitvijo 25.5.2018 v svetu podjetništva ustvarila veliko izzivov z vidika zagotavljanja skladnosti poslovnih procesov. Zaradi aktualnosti in polemičnosti Uredbe GDPR smo v teoretičnem delu analizirali zakonsko podlago za ustrezno pridobivanje, obdelavo in shranjevanje osebnih podatkov na podlagi Uredbe GDPR ter preverili priporočene korake in ukrepe pri uvajanju Uredbe GDPR v organizacijah. Na tej podlagi smo nato izvedli študijo primera uvedbe Uredbe GDPR v nepridobitno Organizacijo A, ki se ukvarja z akreditiranimi izobraževanji na spletu. Preverili smo trenutno stanje v organizaciji, izpostavili neskladnosti z Uredbo GDPR in na koncu podali predloge za odpravo neskladij ter naredili oceno učinka za projekt Organizacije A. Ugotavljali smo na katere vidike Uredbe GDPR morajo biti pozorne organizacije, ki se ukvarjajo z izobraževanjem na spletu in preverili predpostavki glede skladnosti organizacije z Uredbo GDPR ter pogojev uvajanja Uredbe GDPR v nepridobitne organizacije v primerjavi s pridobitnimi. Varovanje osebnih podatkov mora v primeru spletnih izobraževanj slediti temeljnim načelom Uredbe GDPR v organizacijah, ki imajo delo povezano z osebnimi podatki. Ugotavljamo, da Organizacija A ni kršila pravic posameznikov in načel Uredbe GDPR, prostor za izboljšavo pa vidimo v pripravi pisne dokumentacije v zvezi z varovanjem osebnih podatkov. V zaključku ugotavljamo, da se v splošnem Uredba GDPR brez izjeme uvaja v vse organizacije, ki obdelujejo osebne podatke, razlike so vidne samo v strogosti potrebnih ukrepov, naravi osebnih podatkov, obsegu obdelave, številu zaposlenih in podobno. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has raised a lot of confusion in the entrpreneurial sphere after coming into effect on May 25th, 2018. Data privacy caused a stir about GDPR, which was analyzed in the theoretical part according to its legal basis. Recommended steps and measures for introducing GDPR are also introduced. Theoretical knowledge was then used in the case study on the introduction of GDPR into the nonprofit Organization A, which offers accredited online education. The current situation in the organization was reviewed, inconsistencies were highlighted, and suggestions for the elimination of discrepancies were put forward. In addition, an impact assessment for the Organisation A project was made. The aim of the thesis was to examine which aspects of the GDPR should an organization involved in online education pay close attention to. The thesis challenged assumptions that Organization A is compatible with GDPR, and that the introduction of GDPR into non-profit organizations differs significantly to its integration within for-profit organizations. The protection of personal data in the field of online education must follow the basic principles of GDPR in all organizations that process personal data. Organization A has so far not violated the rights of individuals and the GDPR principles, yet there is room for improvement when it comes to drawing up written documentation regarding the personal data protection. Overall, the GDPR must be without exceptions introduced into all organizations that process personal data, taking into consideration that the level of necessary measures is dependent on the nature of personal data, extent of data processing, number of employees and others.

Ena od nalog pravosodnih policistov v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora je, da zagotavljajo varnost, red in disciplino. Tako imajo na voljo različne ukrepe in eden od njih je, da zadržijo in zasežejo nedovoljene predmete oz. substance.V zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora se letno zaseže veliko nedovoljenih predmetov in substanc in izhajajoč iz letnih poročil Uprave RS za izvrševanje kazenskih sankcij (URSIKS) to število z leti narašča. V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na mnenje pravosodnih policistov glede usposobljenosti za preprečevanje vnosa prepovedanih predmetov in substanc in njihov pogled ter predloge na izboljšave sistema preprečitve vnosa prepovedanih predmetov in substanc. Opredelili in pregledali smo vse vrste usposabljanja po internih virih, ki jih pripravlja URSIKS, z namenom, da se v zavode zmanjša vnos prepovedanih predmetov in substanc. Pravosodni policist mora biti za preprečitev in odkrivanje vnosa prepovedanih predmetov in substanc pravilno usposobljen, pri čemer pa je potrebno, da je seznanjen, kaj so prepovedani predmeti in substance, ter v kakšni obliki se lahko nahajajo (npr. telefon v obliki avtomobila igrače). To pomeni, da mora pri svojem delu uporabljati sodobne tehnike in naprave za odkrivanje poskusov vnosa prepovedanih predmetov in substanc, ter biti ažurno obveščen o oblikah nedovoljenih predmetov in o obstoječih nedovoljenih substancah. The purpose of the thesis was to present the ways and means of detecting and thereby preventing entry of prohibited objects and substances. We studied the opinion of the judical police officers about competence to prevent entry of prohibited objcts and substances in prison and their views and suggestions for improving the system of preventing the entry of prohibited objects and substances. We introduces existing judical institutions in Slovenia, special attention was paid to the Dob Prison, the largest prison in Slovenia whwre prisoners serve the longest sentences. Furthermore, we delineated the qualities of the judical police offiers and their duties. We presented data on interceptions of illegal drugs and other intoxicating substances and prohibited items in Slovenian prisons from year 2007 to 2016

Informatizacija poslovnih procesov spreminja koncepte zagotavljanja organizacijske varnosti. V doktorski disertaciji pojasnimo, kako v sodobnem poslovnem svetu pristopiti k upravljanju informacijske varnosti, kakšen je njen vpliv na poslovni uspeh in kako presoditi njeno zrelost. V situaciji, ko se evolucija informacijskih groženj odvija ob boku težkih gospodarskih razmer, je namreč veliko organizacij nesposobnih obvladovanja informacijskih tveganj in hkrati slediti tehnološkim trendom. Ugotovitve doktorske disertacije predstavljajo pristop k zagotavljanju tega ravnovesja, uporabne pa so za lastnike podjetij, managerje, strokovni kader in ostalo zainteresirano javnost. Ugotavljamo, da je upravljanje informacijske varnosti omejeno predvsem zaradi slabe informacijske podpore pri načrtovanju. Tiste organizacije, ki ne ugotavljajo izhodiščne situacije in presojajo uspešnosti ter učinkovitosti varnosti, ne morejo doseči skladnosti med operativnimi ukrepi, varnostnimi potrebami ter organizacijsko strategijo. V ospredje razprave zato postavljamo presojanje kakovosti informacijske varnosti. To področje proučujemo skozi prizmo poslovne funkcije, izhodišče pa predstavljajo priporočila iz področja varovanja informacijskih tehnologij, sledijo teorije sistemov, preprečevanja groženj/kriminalitete, managementa ter organizacije. Glavni rezultat je interdisciplinarni model ocenjevanja informacijsko varnostne kompetentnosti organizacij. V procesu razvijanja celovitega pristopa k presoji stanja informacijske varnosti, smo identificirali ukrepe, ki v stroki veljajo za uspešne in učinkovite. Z raziskavo izvedeno med strokovnjaki v Sloveniji, smo analizirali veljavnost izbranih ukrepov in njihov vpliv na kakovost informacijske varnosti. Glede na priporočila je v začetnih fazah treba najprej poskrbeti za represivno-nadzorne in logične kontrole, v nadaljevanju pa za strateške, socialne, organizacijske, normativne in okoljske vidike. Rezultat raziskave je odločitveno orodje, sestavljeno iz desetih faktorjev in 100 unikatno uteženih indikatorjev merjenja. Z uporabo modela se organizacije razvrstijo v enega izmed šestih razredov učinkovitosti, kjer so podana priporočila za izboljšanje stanja. Z namenom evalvacije uporabnosti predlagane rešitve smo z dodatno raziskavo model praktično testirali. Implementirali smo ga v majhen vzorec srednje-velikih organizacij in ugotovili, da je v teh organizacijah informacijska varnost v začetnih razvojnih fazah. Z izjemo fizičnih, tehničnih in logičnih kontrol, so najvplivnejši kriteriji najmanj razviti, izmed vseh področij pa se največje težave kažejo pri izvajanju analiz informacijskih tveganj. Ob upoštevanju tehnološkega konteksta organizacij, s katerim smo normirali indeksirane rezultate, se je pokazalo, da 25 % organizacij skrbi samo za osnovne vidike, 40 % sodi v srednji nivo, 35 % pa lahko ocenimo kot dobre prakse. Glede na razvitost ukrepov je 60 % proučevanih organizacij v reaktivni drži, generalno pa večina razvija približno polovico ukrepov v modelu. S primerjavo enot smo ugotovili, kateri faktorji ločujejo učinkovite organizacije od neučinkovitih, z analizo korelacij pa razvili priporočila za nadaljnje ukrepe. Evalvacija je pokazala tudi, da je model uporaben za sprejemanje odločitev pri internih evalvacijah – študije primerov ali analize splošnega stanja na večjih vzorcih. In the course of this thesis, we aim to resolve three questions: how to approach information security management effectively and efficiently what is the impact of this security function on overall business success and how to prove security maturity through performance measurements. In today’s corporate world, many organisations are challenged by their inability to successfully manage information security risks while trying to keep up with the trends of technological development. The findings of this doctoral dissertation deliver an answer that is intended for those who are interested in how to systematically advance information security in a manner that contributes to functional balance. We hypothesise and prove that information security management currently lacks proper information support. Organisations that are not capable to perform analytics of security performance, cannot achieve compliance between the operational measures, security needs, and organisational strategy. Since the area has been studied through the lens of business functions, the starting points for developing a solution were based on the recommendations of IT professionals, followed by the system, threat prevention, and organisational theories. Observations made within security literature and research, legislation, and standards suggest that there are ten key areas that should be addressed when trying to manage the information security risks. We identified numerous preventive and reactive technical and management oriented security measures that should be incorporated to a security system. In the scope of initial research conducted among security experts, we analysed the validity and significance of those security measures for information security performance. The obtained data made it possible to weigh the variables in terms of their impact. The final outcome is a decision-making tool (10×10 information security performance model) which consists of ten critical success factors and 100 unique, weighted key performance indicators. In applying this model, the organisation is categorised through six levels of maturity that determine which measures should be developed for improvement. We also aimed to validate the utility of the proposed approach, so the second research applied the 10×10 model to a small sample of organisations. We learned that information security in those organisations remains in its initial development stages. With the exception of physical, technical and logical controls, the most influential criteria are the least developed. In fact, the biggest problems are reflected in the management and analysis of information risks. These controls include a variety of approaches to measurement of information security, which confirms the significance of the study undertaken. Taking account of the technological context of the organisations, the graph of the situation shows that 25% of the units only catered to their most basic security needs, 40% made it to the intermediate level, and 35% were recognised as good practices. The results showed that most of these organisations develop only half of recommended security measures in the model. By benchmarking the organisations, we identified which factors separate efficient organisations from inefficient ones and by analysing correlations between factors, we developed recommendations for further development. The most important impact of this study is that the presented model makes an original contribution to social science as well as to the field of IT security. It reaches beyond the limitations of previous studies that merely focused on isolated information security dimensions which are, in fact, interconnected. The added value of this study is seen in the development process, as the model also considers the opinion of experts, while proving its practicality and validity. It is useful for decision-making in the context of internal evaluations or analyses of the overall situation in larger samples.

Informacijska varnost nas danes spremlja skoraj na vsakem koraku, vendar pa se pozameznik le redko zaveda, kakšna je njena vloga pri naši varnosti. Pokriva področje, ki zajema sodelovanje med ljudmi in širok nabor strokovnjakov. Bistvo informacijske varnosti je zaupnost informacij. Vsaka razkrita informacija je lahko za podjetje ključnega pomena in mu predstavlja grožnjo in tveganje. Ogrožena podjetja lahko ob napadih izgubijo veliko, pomembne informacije, svoj renome. Razkritje informacij konkurenco potisne v prednost pri sklepanju poslov in nadaljnjih delih. Zato je toliko bolj pomembno, da se podjetja dobro zavarujejo in v področje varnosti vlagajo zadostne količine sredstev. Varnost je in mora biti vedno prioriteta podjetij, kar posledično omogoča nemoteno delovanje. We are constantly accompanied by information security, but an individual is rarely aware of its importance for our security. Information security covers an area which includes cooperation between people and a wide range of experts. The essence of information security is confidentiality of information. Each disclosed information can be of key importance for a company and so represents a threat and a risk. Compromised companies can lose a lot when attacked – important information, their reputation. If information is revealed, competition has an advantage in doing business and further work. Therefore it is so much more important that companies are well protected and that they invest a sufficient amount of funds in safety. Safety is and always has to be a company's top priority to enable its smooth functioning.

Biti zdrav ne pomeni samo dobrega fizičnega počutja, ampak tudi psihičnega, duševnega, notranjega, se pravi tistega, ki človeku omogoča misliti in ravnati v skladu s svojo voljo in ki ni motena s kakršnimikoli omejitvami, katerih ne more sam obvladovati. Neprištevnost je torej stanje, v katerem človek zaradi duševne motnje ali duševne manjrazvitosti ne razume pomena svojega ravnanja (in pravnih posledic, ki sledijo takšnemu ravnanju) ali pa svojega ravnanja ne more imeti v oblasti. Zaradi ugotovitve neprištevnega stanja v času izvršitve protipravnega dejanja, takšen storilec ne more biti kazensko odgovoren, saj je krivda kot temeljni element kaznivega dejanja z obstojem neprištevnosti izključena. V takšnih primerih lahko pravzaprav govorimo samo o storitvi protipravnega dejanja in ne kaznivega, pa čeprav so izpolnjeni vsi drugi elementi kaznivega dejanja, ki opravičujejo izrek kazenske sankcije. Neprištevnim storilcem se namesto kazni izrekajo varnosti ukrepi, katerih namen je odprava stanja, ki je privedlo do storitve protipravnega dejanja in hkrati preprečevanje potencialne nevarnosti ponovitve, ki jo neprištevni storilci predstavljajo sebi in družbi. Pri odločanju o neprištevnosti v času storitve protipravnega dejanja in izrekanju varnostih ukrepov, se sodišče pri svoji odločitvi lahko opira na mnenje izvedenca psihiatrične stroke, ki ga je predhodno od njega zahtevalo. Izvedenec mora svoje mnenje sodišču podati strokovno in v njem opredeliti duševno stanje storilca med izvršitvijo protipravnega dejanja in obstoj morebitne nevarnosti, da bi lahko enako ali kakšno drugo protipravno dejanje v prihodnosti ponovil. Glede na težo nevarnosti ponovitve, lahko sodišče neprištevnemu storilcu protipravnega dejanja izreče varnostni ukrep obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja, pri čemer se odloči med obveznim psihiatričnim zdravljenjem in varstvom v zdravstvenem zavodu in obveznim psihiatričnim zdravljenjem na prostosti. Ravno zaradi drugačnega obravnavanja in sankcioniranja neprištevnega storilca v primerjavi z drugimi storilci, ter srečevanja in potrebnega sodelovanja dveh različnih področij (prava in psihiatrije), pa je potrebna enotna in nedvoumna pravna ureditev, katera pa v Sloveniji kljub številnim spremembam in dopolnitvam še ni dokončno usklajena oziroma urejena. Gesundsein bedeutet nicht nur das körperliche Wohlbefinden, sondern auch psychische, seelische, innerliche, daher solches, das dem Menschen ermöglicht, in Übereinstimmung mit seinem Willen zu denken und zu handeln, welches nicht mit irgendwelchen Beschränkungen gestört ist, die er nicht selber kontrollieren kann. Unzurechnungsfähigkeit ist deshalb ein Zustand, in dem der Mensch wegen einer seelischen Störung oder Schwachsinns, die Bedeutung seiner Handlung nicht versteht (und die Rechtsfolgen, die solch einer Handlung folgen) oder sie aber deswegen nicht kontrollieren kann. Wegen erwiesener Unzurechnungsfähigkeit im Zeitpunkt der Begehung einer rechtswidrigen Tat, ist ein solcher Täter Schuldunfähig, weil die Schuld als ein grundlegendes Element einer Straftat beim Bestehen der Unzurechnungsfähigkeit ausgeschlossen ist. In solchen Fällen, können wir eigentlich nur über die Begehung einer rechtswidrigen Tat reden und nicht über die Begehung einer Straftat, obwohl alle anderen Elemente einer Straftat, welche die Verhängen einer strafrechtlichen Sanktion rechtfertigen, erfüllt sind. Unzurechnungsfähigen Tätern werden an statt der Strafe Sicherheitsmaßregeln angeordnet, deren Ziel Beseitigung des Zustands ist, welches zur Begehung einer rechtswidrigen Tat geführt hat und auch Gefahrenprävention wegen einer potenziellen Wiederholungsmöglichkeit, die der unzurechnungsfähige Täter gegen sich und gegen die Gesellschaft darstellt. Bei der Entscheidung über das Bestehen der Unzurechnungsfähigkeit bei Begehung einer Befinden des Täters während der Begehung einer rechtswidrigen Tat war und auch ob bei dem Täter in der Zukunft eine potenzielle Gefahr einer Wiederholung rechtswidrigen Tat und auch bei Anordnung der Sicherheitsmaßregel, kann sich das Gericht bei seiner Entscheidung auf die Meinung des Psychiatrischen Sachverständiger beziehen, welche es zuvor von ihm angefordert hat. Der Sachverständige Psychiater muss seine Meinung professionell äußern und darin erläutern, wie das seelische zu erwarten ist. Anhand der schwere dieser Gefahr ordnet das Gericht dem unzurechnungsfähigen Täter einer rechtswidrigen Tat die Sicherheitsmaßregel einer psychiatrischen Zwangsbehandlung an, wobei es zwischen der psychiatrischen Zwangsbehandlung und Unterbringung in einem psychiatrischen Krankenhaus und einer psychiatrischen Zwangsbehandlung in Freiheit entscheidet. Wegen der anderen Art der Behandlung und Sanktionierung des unzurechnungsfähigen Täters zu den anderen Tätern und auch wegen dem Zusammentreffen und erforderlicher Zusammenarbeit zwei verschiedener Bereiche (Recht und Psychiatrie), ist eine einheitliche und zweifellose Gesetzgebung erforderlich, welche aber in Slowenien trotz zahlreicher Änderungen und Ergänzungen noch nicht endgültig harmonisiert bzw. geregelt ist.

Mnogo organizacij ne opazijo, da so posodobitve v podjetju potrebne, saj dokler rutinski procesi normalno potekajo, ne vidijo nobenega razloga za spremembo, saj jim trenutno stanje ustreza. Pri tem pa lahko nevede naredijo veliko napako. Namesto, da bi se stalno trudili izboljšati proces, čakajo, da pride najprej do problema, ko stvari ne delujejo več, in šele nato skušajo poiskati ustrezne rešitve. To velja tudi pri uporabi e računov, kajti število uporabnikov je iz dneva v dan večje. Pri tem pa ne smemo zanemariti vprašanja varnosti programov, ki podpirajo izvedbo e računov, da tako na strani prejemnikov kot tudi na strani izdajateljev računov ne more priti do zlorab. Varnost je pri izmenjavi e računov precej večja kot pri izmenjavi papirnatih računov, saj je zagotovljena revizijska sled- uporaba registracije, certifikatov in pristopnih gesel… Koncept sam je zasnovan tako, da povečuje varnost. E-billing is by no means a novelty, since it has been known in the business environment for decades. Despite its many advantages it has not been used much. The use of e-billing is very similar to the use of e-banking. The whole process of issuing and receiving e-bills may represent a bigger challenge for companies with old software which does not support the use of e-billing. Many organizations fail to recognize the need for updating. They do not see any reason for change and feel satisfied as long as routine processes are going according to plan. In doing so, they are unknowingly making a big mistake. Instead of constantly trying to improve the process, they wait for the problem to arise and then they try to find a solution. This also applies to the use of e-billing because the number of users grows day by day. When discussing e-billing, it is very important that the issue of security is not disregarded. The software that supports e-billing demands high security measures to prevent the abuse. This goes for both parties involved, the issuer and the recipient. The security of e-bills is much higher than in the exchange of paper bills. E-billing provides the audit trail – all the activities are recorded, such as registration, the use of certificates, passwords, etc. The concept itself is designed to increase security.

Na gospodarske družbe delujejo številni vplivi iz notranjega in zunanjega okolja. Izpostavljene so različnim grožnjam in tveganjem, zato potrebujejo lastno varnostno politiko, s katero predvidijo potencialna tveganja, grožnje in rešitve zanje. Vršec (2013) trdi, da sleherni vložek v varnostni sistem pomeni dodano vrednost pri človeških virih, poslovnih rezultatih, obvladovanju trga in pri družbeni odgovornosti. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljen varnostni nadzor, ki je sistematičen, neodvisen in dokumentiran proces pridobivanja dokazov, in objektivno vrednotenje trenutnega stanja, da se ugotovi, ali je izvedeno varovanje in obnašanje sodelavcev v družbi skladno z vso veljavno dokumentacijo za to področje in ali ravnanje zaposlenih ustreza sprejemljivemu varnostnemu standardu. Kako deluje podjetje na področju varnosti, ali upošteva varnostne standarde in postopke oziroma ali izvaja definirane oblike varovanja (zastavljene varnostne programe), bomo preverili z izvedbo varnostnega nadzora posamezne varovane lokacije/objekta in posebej še varnostnega osebja. Varnostni nadzor v relativno kratkem času omogoči oceno trenutnega stanja (ocena kakovosti izvajanja aktivnosti, ki se tičejo varnostnih standardov in postopkov), na podlagi katerega lahko izvedemo hitre preventivne/korektivne ukrepe z namenom, da se pravočasno preprečijo morebitne škode in izgube. V diplomski nalogi smo določili protokol/način izvedbe varnostnega nadzora na področju varovanja. Pripravili smo vprašalnik, s katerim smo ocenjevali ključne varnostne dejavnike. Na lokaciji nadzora se vprašalnik izpolni in o nadzoru napiše zaključno poročilo, ki vsebuje ugotovitve in priporočila oziroma nujne korektivne ukrepe. V planu izvedbe korektivnih in preventivnih ukrepov se določijo aktivnosti, rok in nosilca – odgovorno osebo. Preverjanje uresničevanja ukrepov se izvaja obdobno, lahko tudi ob koncu tekočega koledarskega leta oziroma tekoče, v primeru večjih neskladnosti, dokler te niso odpravljene. Le na tak način je možno zagotoviti ustrezno/kvalitetno varovanje premoženja in oseb, ki delujejo v skladu s poslanstvom, vizijo ter vrednotami družbe. Various influences from indoor and outdoor environment have an impact on corporate entities. They are exposed to various threats and risks so they need their own security policy in order to predict potential risks, threats and their solutions. Vršec (2013) claims that each input into security system presents added value for human resources, business results, market management and social responsibility. The diploma thesis introduces security control which is systematic, independent and documented process of taking of evidence and objective valuation of the existing state in order to find out whether executed security and employees' behaviour is consistent with the acceptable security standard. How the company operates in the field of security, does it take into consideration security standards and procedures and does it carry out defined forms of securty (security programmes set) will be tested by implementation of security control of individual secured location/object and security personnel in particular. Security control can allow an estimation of the existing state in a relatively short time (valuation of quality of activity implementation dealing with security standards and procedures) based on which fast preventive/corrective measures can be carried out in order to prevent possible damages and losses in time. The thesis determines protocol/way of security control implementation in the field of security. A questionnaire has been made in order to grade key security elements. The questionnaire is fulfilled at the control location and the final report is written taking into account findings, recommendations and urgent corrective measures. The corrective and preventive measure plan includes activities, deadline and holder of activity – responsible person. If measures are put into effect, it is tested in different periods, or at the end of a calendar year or in case of bigger incompatibilities immediately until problems are not solved. This is the only way to provide suitable/qualitative security of assets and personnel who work in accordance with mission, vision and values of the company.

Živimo v času, v katerem posedovanje uporabne informacije ali podatka omogoča prednost pred ostalimi, ki te informacije nimajo. Da bi obdržali to prednost, je potrebno informacijo ustrezno zavarovati, zato je prav, da podjetja ustrezno zavarujejo podatke, ki so opredeljeni kot zaupni. Čeprav obstaja državna zakonodaja o obravnavanju zaupnih podatkov, mora za uspešno delovanje tudi gospodarska družba sprejeti in uporabljati pravilnike, ki zagotavljajo ustrezno varnost zaupnih podatkov. Za zagotovitev ustrezne ravni varovanja zaupnih podatkov mora podjetje o nevarnostih in načinu varovanja zaupnih podatkov poučiti tudi svoje zaposlene. Zaposleni v podjetju, ki ne poznajo problematike varovanja podatkov oziroma so premalo poučeni o možnih nevarnostih, predstavljajo največje tveganje pri varovanju zaupnih podatkov. Diplomsko delo predstavlja celovit postopek obravnavanja zaupnih podatkov v gospodarskih družbah posebnega pomena, s posebnim poudarkom na primeru Luke Koper d.d. Luka Koper d.d. je sprejela več pravilnikov, s katerimi implementira mednarodne in državne predpise v zvezi z obravnavanjem zaupnih podatkov, in sicer od nastanka zaupnega podatka, njegovega hranjenja in varovanja do uničenja ali preteka zaupnosti. Luka Koper d.d. je določene pravilnike sprejemala in obnavljala po varnostnih incidentih, v katerih je bilo podjetje finančno oškodovano. Kljub temu, da reševanje varnostne problematike kratkoročno predstavlja strošek za gospodarsko družbo, lahko dolgoročno s tem preprečimo bistveno večje stroške ob morebitnih varnostnih incidentih. Poleg neposrednih stroškov ima namreč gospodarska družba lahko tudi sekundarne stroške, ki se izražajo v izgubi poslov zaradi nezaupanja strank in okrnjenega ugleda med poslovnimi partnerji, s tem pa v izgubi konkurenčne prednosti podjetja. We live in a time, when the possession of a useful information gives us anadvantage over those not having this information. In order to keep this advantage the data have to be adequately protected, and therefore the companies must define them as confidential. Although the national law on the data confidentiality exists, for a successful performance also the company is liable to adopt and apply the regulations for an appropriate data confidentiality protection. In order to ensure an adequate level of the protection of confidential data, the company is liable to instruct all the employees about the risks and protection modes. The employees, not familiar with issues of condfidentiality data resp. poorly informed about potential dangers which may occur, represent a major risk in data confidentiality protection. This the siswork presents a comprehensive procedure on the treatment of confidentiality data in companies of key importance, with a particular emphasis on Luka Koper d.d. case. Luka Koper d.d. adopted several regulations by which international and national regulations on treatment with confidential data, namely from the creation of a confident data, their records keeping till their destruction and the expiration of the confidentiality term, are implemented. Luka Koper d.d. adopted certain regulations and renewed them on the basis of the security incidents, in occasion of which the company incurred a financial loss. Nothwitstanding, the solving of security issues represents a cost for a company, however, on a long term essentially higher costs in an eventual safety incidents may be prevented. Besides direct costs, the company may incur also in secondary costs resulting in the loss of business due to the customers' mistrust and damage to the company's reputation among the business partners, and thereby in the loss of the company's competitive advantage.

Mobilne naprave so postale nepogrešljiv del našega življenja, omgočajo nam enostavno komunikacijo ter nam popestrijo prosti čas. A njihova uporaba ne pride brez nevarnosti. Te so obrovnavane kot mobilne grožnje, ki jim je namenjen velik del diplomske naloge. Če želimo popolno informacijsko varnost, moramo vanjo vključiti vse aspekte mobilnih groženj. Nevarnost nam preti ob vsakem koraku uporabe mobilnih naprav. S povezovanjem na nezaščitena omrežja nam lahko nepridipravi poslušajo, pregledujejo in nadzorujejo omrežje, z namenom pridobitve informacij. Tudi povezovanje preko zaščitenih omrežij ni brez nevarnosti. Na spletu si lahko mobilno napravo okužimo z razno zlonamerno programsko opremo, kot naprimer: Adware, Spyware, Malware ipd. Mogoče nas nepridipravi prelisičijo s spletnim ribarjenjem ali pa skeniramo okuženo QR kodo. Ob vseh teh potencialnih mobilni grožnjah je zelo pomembno, da jih poznamo in da vemo kako se pred njimi zaščititi. V prvem delu, teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge, so opisane potencialne mobilne grožnje. Razdeljene so na spletne grožnje, omrežne grožnje, odtujitev naprave in grožnje, ki temeljijo na aplikacijah. V drugem delu so opisani ukrepi in nasveti za boj proti potencialnim mobilnim grožnjam. V raziskovalnem delu diplomskega dela najdemo razpravo in interpretacijo rezultatov raziskave o potencialnih grožnjah rabe mobilnih naprav pri osnovnošolcih. Z raziskavo smo ugotavljali, ali se osnovnošolci zavedajo potencialnih mobilnih groženj in ali poznajo ukrepe za njihovo preprečitev. Ugotavljali smo tudi, kako in za kaj uporabljajo svoje mobilne naprave, katere varnostne ukrepe uporabljajo in kje se seznanjajo o varni rabi mobilnih naprav. Mobile devices have become an indispensable part of our lives, they enable us easy communication and shorten our free time. But their use does not come without danger. They are acknowledged as mobile threats, to which is dedicated a large part of this assignment. If we want complete information security, we have to include in it all aspects of mobile threats. Danger threatens us at every step in the use of mobile devices. By connecting to an unprotected network, perpetrators can listen, review and monitor our network in order to obtain information. Even when we connect through protected networks, we can't let our guard down. Our mobile device can easily get infected with a variety of malicious software, for example: Adware, Spyware, Malware etc. Maybe we get tricked by phishing attacks or we scan an infected QR code. With all of these potential mobile threats it is very important that we know them, and know how to protect against them. All potential mobile threats are described in the first theoretical part of the assigment. They are divided into online threats, network threats and application based threats. In the second part, are described actions and advices to fight potential mobile threats. Research part of the assignment contains the discussion and interpretation of the results of our research on potential threats of using mobile devices for elementary school children. The survey was used to determine if children are aware of the potential mobile threats and if they know the steps to prevent them. We also wanted to determine how and what for they use their mobile devices, what security measures they use and where did they learn about safe use of a mobile devices.

V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na tveganja in načine varovanja povezane z igrami na srečo. Najpogostejša tveganja, ki smo jih identificirali, so rop, goljufija, interna kraja in goljufija, informacijski vdori, prekomerno pitje in pretepanje. Glede na dobljena tveganja smo poiskali aktualne načine varovanja, ki se uporabljajo pri zagotavljanju varnosti iger na srečo. Pri varovanju iger na srečo smo ugotovili, da je treba upoštevati nadaljnjo delitev iger na srečo: na posebne in klasične. Razlike med njimi so prevelike, da bi lahko govorili o enotnih taktikah varovanja. Posebne igre na srečo se morajo izvajati v igralnicah in igralnih salonih. Klasične igre na srečo nimajo te omejitve in se lahko organizirajo na javnih prireditvah, če imamo dovoljenje in izpolnjujemo predpisane pogoje. Ugotovili smo, da so klasične igre, v primerjavi s posebnimi slabše varovane ali celo brez varovanja. Za posebne igre na srečo je predpisana zakonska obveza varovanja. Čeprav so razlike med klasičnim in posebnimi igrami na srečo velike se je izkazalo, da je najprimernejša oblika varovanja kombinacija fizičnega in tehničnega varovanja. Fizično varovanje se izvaja z varnostniki na terenu. Tehnično varovanje pa s pripomočki za doseganje višje stopnje varnosti. The degree paper focuses on different risks and security measures tied to gambling security. Based on various cases, we were able to identify risks, which security personnel has to deal with on a daily basis. The most often risks are robbery, fraud, internal theft and fraud, hacking, excessive alcohol consumption and fighting. We then found different ways of securing those risks.Gambling is divided in two different groups. Classical games and special games. The difference between them are vast, so we cannot discuss about the same security tactics. Special games are organised in casinos. Classical games don't have a particular place of playing as long as you have a gambling permit and follow the law. We concluded that the classic games have little or no security. On the other hand security is required by law in special games. Although the differences between classical and special games are considerable, we gathered that the most appropriate way of gambling security is a combination of physical and technical security.

Magistrsko delo obravnava temo varovanja poslovnih skrivnosti s strani zaposlenih. Poslovne skrivnosti niso nov koncept, saj so bile prisotne že v zgodovini, spreminjala se je le njihova vsebina. Zanje je značilno, da varujejo določeno znanje, podatke, ideje, posledično pa ohranjajo tajnost in prinašajo prednost pred konkurenco. Podatki in zaposleni tako prevzemajo vlogo najpomembnejšega kapitala organizacije, zato morajo le-te poskrbeti za ustrezno varovanje in izobraževanje. Razlogov za ogroženost poslovnih skrivnosti ni malo, zagotovo pa je eden izmed njih radovednost, ki izhaja iz človeške narave, pozabiti pa ne smemo niti na razlike v gospodarskih dosežkih in željo po čim krajši poti do uspeha. Vire ogrožanja poslovnih skrivnosti predstavljajo vsi tisti, ki si od njih obetajo korist, tako konkurenčne organizacije, zaposleni, kot tudi tuje vlade ter nenehni razvoj nove tehnologije. Zloraba, izdaja in gospodarsko vohunstvo pa so glavni načini omenjenih virov za pridobitev tuje poslovne skrivnosti. Motivi, ki jih pri tem ženejo, so različni. Prednjačijo želja po uspehu, finančna korist, lahko tudi osebno maščevanje in nezadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu. Organizacije morajo zato stremeti k sprejetju ustreznih ukrepov za varovanje poslovnih skrivnosti, zaposlenim pa omogočiti izobraževanje in usposabljanje, saj predstavljajo pomemben člen v varnostni verigi organizacije. Zagotovo je pomembna tudi skrb za organizacijsko kulturo, kajti zadovoljni zaposleni predstavljajo temelj uspeha organizacije. To je potrdila tudi raziskava, ki smo jo izvedli s pomočjo vprašalnika na naključnem vzorcu zaposlenih v Sloveniji. Rezultati so pokazali, da dejavniki, povezani s plačilno disciplino, občutkom pripadnosti podjetju in varnostjo zaposlitve, v manjši meri vplivajo na samo varovanje poslovnih skrivnosti ne glede na sektor zaposlitve. Podrobnejši rezultati in ugotovitve pa so predstavljeni v empiričnem delu naloge. The Master’s thesis discusses the problem of protecting business secrets by the employees. Business secrets are not a new concept since they were present already in the past, only their contents have changed over the years. It is typical for them that they protect certain knowledge, information, ideas and consequently keep them secret and improve competitiveness. Information and employees thus become the most important capital of an organisation which has to be well taken care of and educated. There are many reasons why business secrets are threatened one of them definitely being curiosity that is typical for human nature. Another reason is differences in economic achievements and a wish to succeed as soon as possible. Business secrets are threatened by those that benefit from them, from competitive organisation, employees, foreign governments to ongoing development of modern technologies. They obtain business secrets by misuse, betrayal and economic espionage. They have different motifs ranging from a wish to succeed, financial benefit, personal revenge to dissatisfaction at workplace. Organisations thus need to take appropriate measures to protect business secrets and educate employees since they are an important link in organisation’s security chain. A special attention needs to be paid to organisational culture since satisfied employees are a key to success of any organisation. This was also confirmed by the questionnaire carried out among randomly-chosen employees in Slovenia. The results show that payment discipline, a sense of belonging to a company and job security to a lesser extent affect keeping business secrets, regardless of the sector of employment. Detailed results and conclusions are presented in the empirical part of the Master’s thesis.

V začetku februarja 2014 je Slovenijo prizadel obsežen žled. Močno je prizadel tudi občino Loška dolina, kjer je brez električne energije ostalo več tisoč prebivalcev, prišlo je do izpada pitne vode in telefonskega omrežja. Večina cest je bila neprevoznih zaradi podrtega drevja. Zaradi kaotičnih razmer so se gasilci Gasilske zveze Loška dolina in poveljnik Civilne zaščite Loška dolina odločili za vzpostavitev štaba Civilne zaščite Loška dolina, ki je deloval neprekinjeno vse dni intervencije. Štab se je povezal z Regijskim centrom za obveščanje Postojna in sosednjimi štabi Civilne zaščite ter tako pridobival pomoč v obliki agregatov in ostalih potrebščin. Ker je bil sprožen državni načrt v primeru katastrofe večjih razsežnosti, je štab lahko zaprosil za mednarodno pomoč v obliki velikih agregatov, za pomoč gasilcev iz drugih regij in za pomoč Slovenske vojske v obliki moštva, prevoznih sredstev in premične vojaške pralnice. Vsi, ki so sodelovali pri intervenciji, so se trudili ljudem čim bolj olajšati življenje v dneh brez električne energije in jim nudili podporo. S svojim delom so gasilci in gradbena podjetja olajšali delo Elektru Ljubljana in Telekomu Slovenije, da so hitreje popravili svoja omrežja in ponovno vzpostavili električno energijo in telefonsko omrežje. Brez hitrega posredovanja gasilcev, Civilne zaščite, občine, električarjev in drugih, bi se stanje po žledolomu popravljalo dlje časa, razmere bi bile slabše. In early February 2014, Slovenia was ravaged by extensive sleet. Municipality Loška dolina was also highly damaged. Thousand of inhabitants were out of electricity, drinking water and telephone networks. Most roads were impassable due to fallen trees. Since the situation was chaotic, the Firefighters union of Loška dolina and the commander of the Civil Protection of Loška dolina decided to set up headquarters of the Civil Protection Loška dolina. It has operated continuously all days of the intervention. Headquarters has teamed up with Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief in Postojna and neighbouring Civil Protection headquarters. Through them, the headquarters was gaining help in the form of aggregates and other necessities. Since the National Plan in the case of major disasters was launched, the headquarters requested for international assistance with large aggregates and assistance of firefighters from other regions. It can also requested for assistance of the Slovenian Armed Forces in form of squad, military vehicles and military mobile laundry. All who participated in the intervention tried as much as possible to make people life easier in the days without electricity. Firefighters and construction companies tried to help Elektro Ljubljana and Telekom Slovenia to repair their networks faster and to restore electricity and telephone network. Without rapid intervention of firefighters, Civil Protection, municipality od Loška dolina, electricians and others, repair of networks would take more time, situation have been worse, people would be more impatient and aggressive.

V diplomski nalogi, ki je temeljila na delovanju podjetja Pošte Slovenije, smo v prvem poglavju predstavili dva najpomembnejša akta, ki urejata področje poštnih storitev. Z Zakonom o poštnih storitvah in Pravilnikom o splošnih pogojih za opravljanje poštnih storitev smo opisali in ponazorili ključne pojme za razumevanje nadaljnjih vsebin v diplomski nalogi. Nato smo predstavili tri pomembne akte podjetja Pošte Slovenije. To so Splošni pogoji izvajanja univerzalne poštne storitve, Splošni pogoji izvajanja drugih poštnih storitev in Splošni pogoji za dostop do poštnega omrežja družbe Pošta Slovenije d. o. o., ki poleg obeh prej omenjenih aktov zagotavljajo temeljno pravno podlago za poslovanje s poštnimi in drugimi storitvami. V nadaljevanju smo opisali vrste paketnih pošiljk, ki jih Pošta Slovenije ponuja svojim uporabnikom, predstavili pa smo tudi vrste embalaž, ki se jih uporablja za prenos takšnih ali drugačnih predmetov in snovi. Sledila je podrobna obravnava dovoljenih in prepovedanih vsebin. V tem poglavju smo skušali opisati ter pojasniti različne vrste predmetov in snovi skozi prizmo različnih zakonodaj, ki jih je potrebno upoštevati, če se želi izvajati prenos paketnih poštnih pošiljk s prej omenjenimi vsebinami. V naslednjem poglavju smo se osredotočili na tveganja, ki se pojavljajo pri pošiljanju pošiljk z nevarno in prepovedano vsebino ter skušali pojasniti, da predstavljajo ogromno tveganje iz različnih perspektiv. Po tveganjih smo se posvetili varnostnim ukrepom, ki jih Pošta Slovenije izvaja za zmanjšanje in preprečitev prenosa prepovedanih snovi v poštnih pošiljkah. Za lažje razumevanje in boljšo predstavo smo v poglavju »Praktični primeri pošiljk s prepovedano vsebino« predstavili primere pošiljk z nevarno in prepovedano vsebino, odkrite pri prenosu v Republiki Sloveniji. Nato smo opravili raziskavo, ki je temeljila na vprašanju o seznanjenosti ljudi z obravnavano tematiko, temu pa je sledila razprava, v kateri smo predstavili ter interpretirali rezultate ankete. V razpravi smo razpravljali tudi o temi nadzora in kontrole, ki jo izvaja Pošta Slovenije pri prenosu pošiljk. V zaključku smo odgovorili na hipotezi, ki smo si ju zastavili na začetku diplomskega dela. In the first chapter of thesis work, which is based on the workings of the Pošta Slovenije, we introduced two of the most important acts which manage the department of postal services. Using Zakon o poštnih storitvah and Pravilnik o splošnih pogojih za opravljanje poštnih storitev, we described and illustrated key concepts required to understand the content in the thesis work. Then we explained three important acts of Pošta Slovenije. These are Splošni pogoji izvajanja univerzalne poštne storitve, Splošni pogoji izvajanja drugih poštnih storitev in Splošni pogoji za dostop do poštnega omrežja družbe Pošta Slovenije d. o. o., in addition to the two aforementioned acts provide the fundamental legal basis for the operation of postal and other services. In the next chapter we described the types of parcel shipments offered by Pošta Slovenije and we also introduced the types of packaging used for transferring different objects and substances. We continued with a detailed discussion of the authorized content and illegal or unauthorized content. In this chapter we tried to describe and explain different types of objects and substances through the eyes of different legislations which need to be abided by if you want to exercise transfers of shipments with the aforementioned content. In the following chapter we focused on the risks, which occur with shipments with dangerous and unauthorized content and try to explain from different perspectives that they present a huge risk. After this we focused on the security measures which are enforced by Pošta Slovenije in order to reduce and prevent the transfer of illicit substances in postal shipments. For better understanding, in the chapter “Praktični primeri pošiljk s prepovedano vsebino” we presented examples of shipments with dangerous and unauthorized content detected in the transfer in Republic of Slovenia. Then we conducted a survey, which was based on the issue of familiarity of the people with the subject matter. This was followed up by a discussion in which we introduced and interpreted the results of the survey. In the discussion we talked about the topic of control implemented by Pošta Slovenije during the transfer of shipments. In the conclusion we responded to the hypothesis set at the beginning of the thesis work.

V diplomskem delu sem preverili vpliv izgradnje izvennivojskega polnega priključka glavne ceste Škofljica-Šmarje na hidravlične razmere na tem območju. Pri tem je bilo potrebno preveriti ali bo prišlo zaradi izgradnje priključka do poslabšanja razmer in podati rešitev, ki bi ta vpliv eliminiral. Izračun je bil narejen za poplavne valove več različnih urnih nalivov s povratnimi dobami 10, 100 in 500 let. S tem izračunom sem določil kritični poplavni val in na podlagi tega narisal karte poplavne nevarnosti in karte razredov poplavne nevarnosti za obstoječe in projektirano stanje. Preveril sem tudi dolvodni vpliv predvidenih ukrepov neposredno pod ponikovalnim poljem Rupe. Ta račun je bil izveden s pomočjo programskega orodja HEC-RAS. Vpliv na območju Škofljice pa se je preveril z dvo-dimenzionalnim računom gladin s pomočjo orodja MIKE FLOOD, ki ga je razvil danski hidravlični inštitut. The diploma thesis focuses on testing the impact of building the non-level full access road of the main road Škofljica - Šmarje regarding the hydraulic condition in this area. It had to be tested if building the access road caused conditions to worsen and give a solution to eliminate the impact. The calculation was made for flood waves of a few different hourly downpours with return periods of 10, 100 and 500 years. With this calculation, the critical flood wave was determined, and flood risk maps and maps of flood risk classes for the current and planned status were drawn. The downstream impact of the planned measures directly under the drain field Rupe was also tested. This calculation was performed using the software tool HEC-RAS. The impact in the area of Škofljica was tested with a two-dimensional calculation of the surfaces with the software tool MIKE FLOOD of the Danish Hydraulic Institute.

V svoji diplomski nalogi bom predstavil razvoj varnostnih ukrepov v civilnem letalstvu skozi prizmo prilagajanja načina izvrševanja terorističnih dejanj na obstoječe varnostne ukrepe. Na začetku razvoja letalske industrije nihče ni niti pomislil na dejanja nezakonitega vmešavanja v povezavi z letalom in temu primerna je bila tudi stopnja varovanja, saj je bilo vse skupaj tako kot da bi šel na vožnjo z avtobusom ali vlakom. Kupil si vozovnico, se usedel na letalo in odpotoval. Trend se je začel spreminjati, ko so obsojenci z ugrabitvijo letala poskušali najti zatočišče v državah, ki niso imele podpisanega sporazuma o ekstradikciji z državo njihovega izvora. V času hladne vojne so se pojavila razna teroristična gibanja, ki so začela izkoriščati publiciteto ob ugrabitvi letala, zavoljo doseganja lastnih političnih ciljev. Te so dosegli z izsiljevanjem in v zameno za talce, ki so jih ugrabili skupaj z letalom. Skozi leta so teroristične organizacije spreminjale ter razvijale svoje metode, motive in cilje. Pojavil se je nov trend bombnih napadov na letala, kjer so zopet izkoriščali publiciteto zavoljo lastne prepoznavnosti, vendar tokrat z višjim davkom, saj so se ob tem nezakonitem vmešavanju pojavile tudi smrtne žrtve. Mednarodne organizacije so se odzvale s strožjimi predpisi, a teroristi so se znova prilagodili. Spremenili so taktiko in se niso več ubadali z načini kako podtakniti bombo na letalo, temveč so sami postali smrtonosno orožje, ugrabitelji samomorilci. Metode izvrševanja terorističnih dejanj so se zaenkrat ustavile pri ugrabiteljih samomorilcih, a glede na vzorec, ki mu lahko sledimo že nekaj desetlij, lahko predvidevamo, da se bodo obstoječim metodam pridružile nove. In my thesis I am presenting the developement of security measures in aviation adjusting to the methods of terrorist acts and aviation security regulations. At the beginning of aviation industry no one even thought about the acts of unlawful seizure of the aircraft. Therefore security measures did not exist, passengers did not go through any scrutiny when boarding a plane and everything looked like taking a bus or a train ride. Security measures were introduced only after the new trend of air piracy emerged. Through 1960s and 1970s aircraft hijackings were common, mostly by convicts who tried to escape to countries which did not have a signed treaty on extradition with the country of their origin. At the time of Cold War terrorist movements started using publicity they got with the hijackings, in order to achieve their own political goals. The aforementioned were achieved by blackmailing the authorities with the lives of hostages taken when hijacking an aircraft. Despite the security measures the terrorists have changed and developed their methods, motives and goals through the years. In 1980s they switched to aircraft bombings, again using the publicity, but this time with a death toll. The policy makers responded with tighter security measures, but that only inspired the terrorists to find a new loophole in airport security. Because getting a bomb on an aircraft was off the table, they have become a leathel weapon themselves, thus the suicide bombers. The methods of terrorist acts have not yet developed past the suicide bombers, for now. But history is making us predict that new methods will emerge eventually.

Terorizem predstavlja eno izmed največjih groženj današnji moderni družbi. Še posebej veliko grožnjo predstavlja biološki terorizem, ki je zaradi svojih nepredstavljivih posledic na civilno prebivalstvo ena najbolj krutih in sprevrženih metod teroristov pred katero ni nihče varen. Zato sem v diplomskem delu opredelil biološki terorizem, njegove začetke, in sredstva katera teroristi uporabljajo v namen biološkega orožja. Prav tako pa sem v diplomski nalogi opisal varnostne postopke v primeru biološkega terorizma v RS in varnostne ukrepe ter navedel in opisal tudi primer ukrepanja v primeru sumljive pisemske pošiljke v RS. V diplomskem delu smo tako ugotovili, da biološki terorizem v Republiki Sloveniji ne predstavlja resne grožnje, saj do danes v zgodovini RS ni bilo še nobenega napada. Kljub nizki stopnji ogroženosti, je RS ustrezno pripravljena na napad po standardih, ki so primerljivi glede na stopnjo ogroženosti z drugimi državami. Terrorism represents one of the greatest threats to modern society. In particular, bio-terrorism represent a major threat, which is due to its unimaginable consequences for the civilian population whic is one of the most cruel and perverse methods of terrorists from which nobody is safe. Therefore, I am in the thesis identified bioterrorism , its origins , and means which terrorists used for the purpose of biological weapons. I am also in the thesis described the security procedures in the event of bioterrorism in the RS and safety measures , and stated and described as an example of action in the event of suspicious letters in the RS . In this thesis work , we discovered that biological terrorism in the Republic of Slovenia does not pose a serious threat, because to this day in the history of the Republic of Slovenia has not yet been ern attack. Despite the low level of threat to the RS is adequately prepared for the attack with the standards that are comparable to the level of threat of the other countries.

Pri jedrskih elektrarnah gre za eno najčistejših oblik pridobivanja električne energije, saj za razliko od termoelektrarn jedrske elektrarne v okolje ne sproščajo toplogrednih plinov, kljub temu pa veliko grožnjo za zdravje ljudi in okolje predstavljajo nenadzorovani izpusti radioaktivnih snovi, ki lahko pripeljejo do nepopravljive škode. Najbolj odmevna primera sta se zgodila v Černobilu in Fukušimi. Nuklearna elektrarna Krško (NEK) je edina jedrska elektrarna v Sloveniji ter ena redkih jedrskih elektrarn na področju Balkana, kjer imajo po dve jedrski elektrarni še Romunija in Bolgarija. Od držav, ki mejijo s Slovenijo, ima štiri jedrske elektrarne le Madžarska. Komercialno deluje že od leta 1983 in velja za eno bolj varnih jedrskih elektrarn na svetu. Kljub dolgoletnemu varnemu delovanju NEK na varnostna tveganja, ki jih prinaša takšno pridobivanje energije, opozarja okoljevarstvena organizacija Greenpeace. Greenpeace sicer že vrsto let s svojimi akcijami kaže na pomanjkljivosti v varnostnih sistemih jedrskih elektrarn po vsem svetu, pri čemer opozarja na možne ponovitve naravnih katastrof iz preteklosti. Cilj naloge je predstaviti varnostna tveganja in varnostne ukrepe v jedrskih elektrarnah, NEK, vlogo organizacije Greenpeace ter s pomočjo ankete ugotoviti, ali državljani Republike Slovenije zaupajo jedrski tehnologiji in ali podpirajo okoljevarstveno organizacijo Greenpeace. Poleg tega je cilj tudi ugotoviti, ali se zaupanje v jedrsko energijo razlikuje glede na spol, starost, izobrazbo in oddaljenost bivališča državljana od NEK ter ali je zaupanje povezano s podporo okoljevarstvene organizacije Greenpeace. V teoretičnem delu sem s pomočjo literature predstavil tematiko, v empiričnem pa sem prišel do ugotovitve, da slovenski državljani zaupajo jedrski tehnologiji, po drugi strani pa podpirajo okoljevarstveno organizacijo Greenpeace. Zaupanje se statistično značilno razlikuje po spolu in oddaljenosti bivališča od NEK. Glede na rezultate moški bolj zaupajo jedrski energiji kot ženske, zaupanje pa je večje tudi pri prebivalcih, ki živijo bližje NEK. Nuclear power plants are one of the most environmentally-friendly forms of electricity generation. Unlike thermal power plants, nuclear power plants do not emit any greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, a significant threat to human health and to the environment is the uncontrolled emission of radioactive substances which may lead to permanent damage. The most notable disasters of the kind took place in Chernobyl and Fukushima. The Krško Nuclear Power Plant (hereinafter NEK) is Slovenia’s only nuclear power plant and one of the few in the area of the Balkan Peninsula (Romania has two nuclear power plants and Bolgaria one). Of the countries bordering Slovenia, there are four nuclear power plants in Hungary. NEK has been operating for commercial purposes since 1983 and is considered to be one of the safest nuclear power plants in the world. Despite its long-term safe operation, NEK has been warned by Greenpeace, an environmental organization, regarding safety risks posed by such energy recovery. With their various actions, Greenpeace has been pointing at weak points in security systems of nuclear power plants worldwide for years and highlighting possible recurrences of the disasters from the past. The aim of this thesis is to present safety risks and safety measures in nuclear power plants, NEK, the role of Greenpeace, and with a survey to determine whether the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia have trust in nuclear technology, and if they support Greenpeace. In addition, the aim of the survey is to ascertain if the in nuclear energy varies according to sex, age, education, distance of a citizen’s residence from the location of NEK, and if this trust is associated with the support of environmental organization Greenpeace. In the theoretical part I used literature to present the topic whereas the empirical part brought me to the conclusion that Slovene citizens do have confidence in nuclear technology as well as support Greenpeace. The confidence statistically significantly differs in accordance with sex and distance of people’s homes from the location of NEK. Concluding from the results, men trust in nuclear energy more than women, and the level of confidence is higher with those residents living near to NEK.

Obvezno psihiatrično zdravljenje je marsikje še zmeraj tabu tema in ljudje imajo o psihiatričnem zdravljenju popolnoma napačne predstave. Prav tako o neprištevnosti in bistveno zmanjšani prištevnosti, vzrokih le-te ter možnosti ozdravitve. Kljub temu so ljudje že v preteklosti spoznali, da določeni posamezniki zaradi mentalnega stanja niso sposobni nadzorovati svojih dejanj in tako tudi za kazniva dejanja ne morejo biti krivi. Poleg tega kazen, ki je bila včasih edina sankcija, ni učinkovito sredstvo, saj namen kazni pri ljudeh z duševnimi motnjami ni dosežen. Tako so se postopoma razvili varnostni ukrepi, katerih namen je prvenstveno preventiva in zaščita družbe ter storilca samega. Tako hrvaški kot slovenski kazenski zakonik postavljata pogoje, ki morajo biti izpolnjeni za izrek ukrepa. Sam ukrep obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja v današnjem času zbuja razne diskusije glede legitimnosti ukrepa. Nekateri mu nasprotujejo, saj pravijo, da krši temeljne ustavno določene človekove pravice, drugi ga zagovarjajo, saj pravijo, da bi bile druge človekove pravice, določene z Ustavo, ogrožene, načelo sorazmernosti takšen ukrep dopušča. Poleg tega se storilci lahko namenoma sklicujejo na neprištevnost v času izvršitve kaznivega dejanja ali celo po dejanju z vedenjem poskušajo prikazati znake določene duševne bolezni, da bi se izognili zaporni kazni. Tako morajo biti sodni izvedenci nepristranski, strokovni in pošteni pri ocenjevanju storilčevega zdravstvenega stanja. Na sodniku pa je, da odloči ali bo upoštevali izvedenčevo mnenje. V diplomskem delu so obravnavani zgoraj omenjeni problemi s pomočjo teorije in prakse. Compulsory medical treatment is even nowadays considered a taboo subject for many people around the world. The general public lacks knowledge in this area as well as in insanity and substantively diminished capacity, reasons for it and possibilities of a treatment and recovery. Nonetheless, already in the past, people became aware of the fact that certain individuals with mental health issues are not capable of controlling their own actions and therefore cannot be guilty of the committed criminal offences. Previously, the only sanction for criminal offenders was penalty, but penalty was not efficient due to the state of mind of the offenders. Since penalty could not attain the objective, safety measures were gradually developed. The goal of implementing safety measures are prevention and protection of the society and the offender himself. Croatian and Slovenian Penal code determine the conditions that have to be met in order to apply a certain safety measure. The safety measure of compulsory medical treatment is nowadays a subject of various discussions regarding legality of the measure. Some oppose, saying that the measure is violating fundamental constitutional human rights, and some support the measure, saying that other human rights, determined by the constitution, might be endangered and that the principle of proportionality permits such measure. Offenders may plea insanity for the time of perpetration of a criminal offence or may even try to fake signs of certain mental disease in order to avoid punishment. Therefore, the court experts must be impartial, professional and righteous when assessing the offender’s state of mental health. The judge is then to decide whether he or she will comply with the expert’s opinion or not. Above mentioned problems are considered in this diploma thesis by means of theory and practice.

V zadnjem obdobju so se na področju kazenske zakonodaje odvile precejšnje spremembe tako v Republiki Sloveniji kot v Republiki Hrvaški. V tem sklopu je prišlo do velikih premikov tudi na področju medicinskih varnostnih ukrepov. V diplomskem delu se posvečam problematiki izvrševanja ukrepa obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem. V obeh državah se je pojavila težnja, naj bi ukrepi terapevtske narave prešli iz kazenskopravnega področja na civilno oziroma naj bi se osebe z duševnimi motnjami, ki so izvršile znake določenega kaznivega dejanja, obravnavale v skladu z določbami, ki urejajo področje duševnega zdravja. Tako predstavljam izkušnje obeh držav pri navedenih ˝podvigih˝ ter na podlagi tega skušam ugotoviti, katero področje prava lahko najustreznejše in najučinkoviteje obravnava storilce z duševnimi motnjami, izreka ukrepe terapevtske narave, med katere spada tudi ukrep obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja, ter bdi nad izvrševanjem le-teh. Skozi kratek zgodovinski pregled najprej predstavljam nastanek in razvoj terapevtskih varnostnih ukrepov, s poudarkom na ukrepu obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja. Pri tem nekoliko več pozornosti namenjam razvoju teh ukrepov na tleh nekdanje Jugoslavije. V nadaljevanju osvetljujem nekaj splošnih pojmov, ki so nujno povezani z obravnavano tematiko. Tu predstavljam splošni pojem ter namen ukrepa obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja. Nadalje pa sem opisala še pojem kaznivega dejanja ter pojem in načelo krivde, saj ti instituti (predvsem koncepcija krivde) močno vplivajo na ureditev varnostnih ukrepov kot tudi na dopustnost njihovega izrekanja. Nato posvečam še nekaj besed storilčevi nevarnosti, saj je le-ta merilo za uporabo obravnavanega ukrepa. Na koncu tega poglavja pa sem nekaj prostora namenila še razmerju med ukrepom obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja in kaznijo. Osrednja dela diplomske naloge pa sta poglavja o izvrševanju ukrepov obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja v Sloveniji in na Hrvaškem. Najprej obravnavam ureditev v Sloveniji, in sicer od ureditve po Kazenskem zakoniku iz leta 1994, preko kratke ˝ekskurzije˝ medicinskih varnostnih ukrepov iz področja kazenskega prava s sprejemom KZ-1 v letu 2008 pa do vrnitve teh ukrepov na področje kazenskega prava z novelo KZ-1B v letu 2011. Ob tem sem opozorila na probleme nove ureditve in nastalih pravnih praznin, nato pa sem se podrobneje posvetila obravnavi ukrepov obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja, ki sta se nekoliko dodelana in izboljšana ˝vrnila˝ v slovenski kazenski zakonik. Predstavila sem pogoje za uporabo obravnavanih ukrepov, postopek ter izvrševanje skozi določila izvršilnih predpisov ter Zakona o duševnem zdravju. Na koncu pa predstavljam izvrševanje ukrepov obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja v sosednji Hrvaški, ki je glede neprištevnih storilcev z začetkom leta 1998 prešla na civilni model obravnavanja le-teh. Ukrep obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja zoper to kategorijo storilcev ni več kazenska sankcija, ampak se izvršuje po določilih zakona, ki ureja duševno zdravje, ter tako njihov pravni položaj sodi v domeno civilnega prava. Ukrep obveznega psihiatričnega zdravljenja bistveno zmanjšano prištevnih storilcev kaznivih dejanj pa ostaja v okviru kazenskega prava in je kazenskopravna sankcija. Tudi pri sosedih pa ta prehod ni šel brez polemik in težav, zato sem osvetlila tudi njihove izkušnje ob teh vseobsegajočih spremembah. Je pa tudi hrvaški kazenskopravni sistem nedavno spet prešel skozi novo reformo, ki je prinesla izboljšave tudi na področju terapevtskih varnostnih ukrepov, v izdelavi pa je tudi novi zakon, ki ureja področje duševnega zdravja. Lately, there have been significant changes in the criminal legislative area in both Republics, Slovenia and Croatia. In this context, great shifts have been brought about also in the field of medical safety measures. In my diploma thesis, attention is focused on the issue of enforcement the measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment in Slovenia and Croatia. The trend emerging in both countries tends to transpose the measures of therapeutic nature from the field of criminal law into civil law, implying that the persons with mental disorders who committed elements of certain criminal offence should be dealt in accordance with the provisions regulating the field of mental health. While presenting the experiences from both countries with the aforementioned ‘’undertaking’’, I am trying to determine which field of law may deal most appropriately and efficiently with the mentally disordered offenders, impose a sanction of therapeutic nature - including the measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment, and oversee the execution thereof. A brief historical overview shows the origin and evolution of therapeutic safety measures, focusing on the measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment. Concurrently, slightly greater attention is paid to the history of these measures in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. In the follow-up are highlighted some general notions that are indispensably related to the topic referred to herein, such as the general notion and the purpose of the measure ‘compulsory psychiatric treatment’. Also the notion ‘criminal offence’, the notion and principle of ‘guilt’, since these institutes (above all, the guilt conception) have a significant influence on the regulation of safety measures, as well as imposing the admissibility thereof. Reference is also made to the offender’s danger which is a criterion for applying the measure discussed. This section concludes with the proportion between the measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment and the sanction. The central part of the diploma thesis consists of two chapters on the execution of the measure of involuntary psychiatric treatment in Slovenia and Croatia. It opens with the description of the Slovenian regulation enacted in the Criminal Code 1994, through a short removal of medical security measures from the scope of criminal law upon the adoption of KZ-1 (Criminal Code amendment) in 2008, till the restitution of these measures to the criminal law by way of the act amending the Criminal Code KZ-1B in 2011. In the course of that I pointed to the problematic issues of the new regulation and the resulting legal vacuum, and focused on illustrating both measures of compulsory psychiatric treatment, which were, as accomplished and improved, "restituted" to the Slovenian Criminal Code. The terms required for the application of the respective measures, the procedure and execution under the provisions of the statutory instruments and the Mental Health Act are further presented. I conclude with the presentation of the enforcement of the compulsory psychiatric treatment measures in the neighbour country of Croatia, which started to apply a civil model for treating the non-responsible offenders with effect from 1998. The measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment against this category of offenders is no longer a penal sanction: instead, it is executed under the law regulating mental health and thus their legal position belongs to the domain of civil law. However, the safety measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment of offenders with essentially diminished responsibility remains in the scope of criminal law and represents a sanction of criminal law. That transition did not escape polemics and difficulties for our neighbours: therefore, I highlighted their experiences with these comprehensive changes. Moreover, the Croatian criminal law system has recently undergone a new reform bringing improvements to the scope of therapeutic safety measures too, and a new bill on mental health is being prepared.

Zagotavljanje varnosti mora potekati na nacionalni in na mednarodni ravni, da je odsotnost tveganja minimalna. Ker je letalska industrija izredno mednarodna, morajo biti vzpostavljeni skupni predpisi in standardi, ki se morajo v različnih državah izvajati na enak način. Diplomsko delo preučuje predpise, ki se nanašajo na ta segment in skuša ugotoviti učinkovitost predpisov v praksi. Omenjeni predpisi so relativno učinkoviti, vendar se pojavljajo problemi glede zastarelosti zakonodaje. Probleme glede pomanjkljivosti nadzornega organa je Republika Slovenija v letu 2011 odpravila z ustanovitvijo Javne agencije za civilno letalstvo ter tako odpravila nepravilnosti, ki niso bile v skladu z evropskim pravnim redom. To je pripomoglo k večji učinkovitosti na področju nadzora letalske varnosti in s tem posledično tudi k manjšim tveganjem ogrožanja varnosti. Izhodišče dela predstavlja teoretični del, kjer je povzeta zgodovina civilnega letalstva, opredeljeni so temeljni pojmi, predstavljeni letalski predpisi in mednarodne organizacije na področju civilnega letalstva. Diplomsko delo na osnovni ravni predstavi sistem varnostnih ukrepov na letališčih, ki naj bi v svojem bistvu zagotavljal najvišji standard varnosti v vseh državah in na vseh letališčih. Teoretičnemu sledi empirični del, kjer smo poskušali s pomočjo usmerjenih intervjujev ugotoviti, kako se zagotavlja varnost na področju civilnega letalstva v Republiki Sloveniji ter morebitne pomanjkljivosti celotnega sistema. Osredotočili smo se predvsem na ustanovitev Javne agencije za civilno letalstvo Republike Slovenije in njeno nadzorno vlogo pri zagotavljanju varnosti. Zanimalo nas je, ali je njeno delovanje pripomoglo k doseganju višjih varnostnih standardov. Safety measurements in civil aviation must be provided on both national and international levels. Thus minimal absence of risk can be achieved. As the aviation industry is extremely international, common regulations and standards have to be adopted and implemented in the same way in different countries with the common goal of global safety. This work studies regulations relating to this segment and attempts to determine their effectiveness in practice. Aforementioned regulations are relatively effective but we have detected some problems regarding the outdated legislation. The Republic of Slovenia has constituted a Civil Aviation Agency in 2011. This supervised authority was established to control the regulations in civil aviation. The reasons for its foundation were several irregularities regarding the lack of supervision in the field of aviation. The theoretical part includes history of civil aviation, definitions of basic concepts regarding civil aviation and descriptions of aviation regulations and international organizations. On the basic level this work presents the safety system at airports, which should provide the highest standard of safety in all countries and at all airports. Theoretical part is followed by the empirical part of work, where we carried out interviews with experts on aviation safety and security and tried to determine safety in civil aviation in the Republic of Slovenia as well as possible deficiencies of the system as a whole. We focused in particular on the establishment of Civil Aviation Agency and its supervisory role in civil aviation. We were interested in how its activities contribute to achieving higher safety standards.

Neprištevnost je stanje, v katerem se človek ne zaveda svojega ravnanja ali pa ga nima oziroma ga ne more imeti v oblasti. Slovenski Kazenski zakonik-1 določa, da neprištevni storilci kaznivih dejanj niso kazensko odgovorni in da se jim namesto kazni izrekajo varnostni ukrepi, s čimer naj bi se dosegel namen sankcioniranja neprištevnih storilcev, to je odprava stanja, ki je privedlo do same izvršitve kaznivega dejanja, in preprečevanje ter odpravljanje nevarnosti, ki jo neprištevni storilci predstavljajo sebi in družbi. Slovenska kazenska zakonodaja pozna naslednje varnostne ukrepe: obvezno psihiatrično zdravljenje in varstvo v zdravstvenem zavodu, obvezno psihiatrično zdravljenje na prostosti, prepoved opravljanja poklica, odvzem vozniškega dovoljenja in odvzem predmetov, ki se neprištevnim in (bistveno) zmanjšano prištevnim storilcem kaznivih dejanj izrekajo v okviru kazenskega postopka. Ureditev na Hrvaškem je drugačna od slovenske ureditve. Kazenskopravni varnostni ukrepi se namreč izrekajo samo bistveno zmanjšano prištevnim storilcem, neprištevnim storilcem pa se izreče prisilna namestitev v okviru civilnega postopka po Zakonu o zaščiti oseb z duševnimi motnjami. Kanadsko kazensko pravo v primerjavi s slovenskim predvideva samo zavestno ali intelektualno sestavino psihološkega pogoja neprištevnosti, saj je kazenska odgovornost lahko izključena le na podlagi nezmožnosti razsojanja, ne pa tudi na podlagi nezmožnosti upravljanja z lastnim ravnanjem. Neprištevni storilci kaznivih dejanj se, ko je ugotovljena njihova neprištevnost, obravnavajo v okviru zakonodaje s področja duševnega zdravja. Kazensko sodišče lahko neprištevnega storilca tudi samo nepogojno ali pogojno oprosti ali pa mu izreče ukrep prisilne namestitve v psihiatrično bolnišnico. Poleg kazenskega sodišča lahko omenjene ukrepe sprejme tudi t. i. nadzorni odbor v provinci, in sicer 45 dni po izreku sodbe sodišča. Insanity is a condition in which a person is not aware of his actions or he does not nor cannot control it. Slovenian Criminal Code-1 determines that criminally insane offenders are not criminally responsible for their actions and, therefore, security measures are taken against them instead of penalty in order to achieve the purpose of sanctioning criminally insane offenders, which is to eliminate the state that has led to the execution of the criminal act, and prevent and eliminate the danger that criminally insane offenders represent to themselves and to the society. Slovenian criminal law provides the following security measures: compulsory psychiatric treatment and custody in a health institution, compulsory psychiatric treatment at liberty, prohibition from professional practice, withdrawal of driving license and confiscation of items, which are all imposed on criminally insane and (significantly) less sane offenders within a criminal proceeding. The regulation in Croatia is different from Slovenian regulation. Security measures are enforced only against offenders with considerably reduced competency, while criminally insane offenders are exposed to involuntary detention in the context of civil proceedings under the Act on protection of persons with mental disorders. Canadian criminal law in comparison to the Slovenian provides only a conscious or intellectual component of the psychological condition of insanity because the criminal liability can be excluded only on the basis of disability of adjudication, but not on the basis of inability to regulate one's own behavior. Criminally insane offenders, when their insanity is confirmed, are considered in the context of legislation in the field of mental health. A criminal court can also unconditionally or conditionally exempt a criminally insane offender or impose an involuntary placement in a psychiatric hospital. In addition to criminal court also a so called Supervisory Board in the province can take those measures, namely 45 days after the judgment given by the court.

Nevarnost storilca kaznivih dejanj se kaže v določenem stanju, zaradi katerega lahko ponovi kaznivo dejanje. Skozi leta se je obravnavanje nevarnih storilcev kaznivih dejanj v Sloveniji zelo spreminjalo. Trenutno so z najnovejšim Kazenskim zakonikom-1, oziroma njegovo novelo KZ-1B, opredeljeni zdravstveni varnostni ukrepi in inštitucije, v katerih se ti ukrepi izvajajo. Obravnavanje nevarnih storilcev kaznivih dejanj je kazenskopravno vprašanje, kajti le kazenski sodnik lahko presodi in odloča o nevarnosti storilca in njegovem protipravnem ravnanju. Kazensko sodišče določa stopnjo prištevnosti storilca na podlagi mnenj psihiatričnih sodnih izvedencev. Pri določanju pa mora upoštevati biološke in psihološke pogoje, prav tako ne sme izpustiti vzročne zveze med njima. Varnostni ukrepi zdravstvene narave se po slovenskem KZ-1B izvajajo v specializiranih forenzičnih psihiatričnih oddelkih. To so posebni oddelki psihiatrične bolnišnice, ki sprejemajo le nevarne storilce kaznivih dejanj oziroma tako imenovane forenzične paciente in morajo izpolnjevati določene strokovne in varnostne pogoje. Zdravstvenih varnostnih ukrepov na leto ni izrečeno veliko, vendar so v boju proti kriminaliteti pomembni kot specialno preventivno sredstvo, saj se nanašajo na storilca in na njegovo rehabilitacijo. Z varnostnimi ukrepi nam tako kazensko pravo omogoča večjo individualizacijo kazenskih sankcij in s tem resocializacijo storilcev kaznivih dejanj. Hrvaška kazenskopravna zakonodaja se glede obravnavanja nevarnih storilcev nekoliko razlikuje od slovenske. Ta obravnavanje neprištevnega storilca kaznivih dejanj prepusti civilnemu zakonu o duševnih bolnikih. Danger of an offender is reflected in a particular state, in which he is prone to do another criminal offense. Over the years, the treatment of dangerous offenders in Slovenia has been changing a lot. The medical safety measurements and institutions, in which they are performed, are now defined in the latest Criminal Code 1 or in its amendment KZ-1B. The treatment of dangerous offenders is a criminal issue, because only the judge may consider and decide about the dangers of an offender and his wrongdoings. The criminal court determines the sanity level of an offender, on the basis of opinions made by psychiatric forensic expert. However, it is important that the court takes in consideration the biological and psychological conditions and the causal link between the two, when forming the decision. According to Slovenian KZ-1B, the medical safety measurements are performed in specialized forensic psychiatric departments. These are special departments in psychiatric hospitals that must meet certain technical and safety conditions and accept only dangerous offenders or the so-called forensic patients. Although, only a few medical safety measurements are handed out every year, they are very important in fight against crime as a special preventative measurement. They refer to the offender and his rehabilitation. With medical safety measurements the criminal law provides greater individualization of penalties and better reintegration of the offenders. The treatment of dangerous offenders in Croatian criminal law legislation is slightly different than ours. They pass the treatment of the insane offenders from criminal to civil court, which has the jurisdiction over the procedure for mentally ill patients.

Namen uvedbe novih tehnologij v svetu je uporabnikom le-teh olajšati delo, zabavo, počitek itd. Vendar pri uvedbi lahko obstaja slaba stran. Kadar gre za tehnologije, ki uporabnike povezujejo s svetom na način, da jih uporablja za namene plačevanja, postanejo zanimive za nepridiprave. Kriminalci, ki se ukvarjajo s tovrstnimi kaznivimi ravnanji, poskušajo na vsak način priti do uporabnikovega denarja. Tako za vsa možna plačilna sredstva najdejo način zlorabe. Da pa dejansko pride do zlorabe, je odvisno od različnih dejavnikov. V tem delu je varnost bolj kot ne odvisna od ravnanja vsakega posameznika. Magistrska naloga je razdeljena na teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljeni možni načini zlorab plačilnih kartic, pridobivanja podatkov o plačilnih karticah s poudarkom na nameščanju skimming-naprav, ponarejanja plačilnih kartic, anti-skimming in druge zaščite pred tovrstnimi dejanji, preiskovanju in zakonodaji v Sloveniji. V empiričnem delu je bila izvedena raziskava s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. S tem smo poskušali ugotoviti kaj vpliva na to, da uporabniki določenih plačilnih sredstev prepoznajo nameščeno skimming-napravo, kateri varnostni ukrepi pripomorejo k izboljšanju varnosti in najvarnejši način uporabe. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na to, da v veliki meri na zaznavo tovrstnih naprav vpliva pogostost uporabe, varnostni ukrepi se ujemajo s priporočili iz teorije, najvarnejši način pa je odvisen od različnih dejavnikov. The introduction of new technologies in the world is to help the users by their work, fun, rest,.. etc.. However there may be bad side. When it comes to technology users connect with the world in a way that they are used for the purpose of payment, it becomes interesting for criminals. Criminals dealing with such criminal practices are trying every way to get the user's money. For all possible ways of payment they are trying to find a way of abuse. If it comes to abuse depends on various factors. In this part the security is dependent on the behavior of each individual user. This master work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part presents the possible misuse of payment cards, to obtain information on payment cards with an focus on installing skimming devices, counterfeiting credit cards, anti-skimming and other protection against such acts, investigation and law in Slovenia. In the empirical part the research was conducted using a questionnaire. In this way we try to figure out what impact that users of certain means of payment, identify installed skimming device which security measures to help improve the safety and find the safest way of usage. The research results show that to a large extent on the perception of such devices affect the frequency of use, security measures are in line with the recommendations of the theory, the safest way is dependent on various factors.

Športne prireditve, predvsem nogometne tekme velikokrat spremlja nasilje. Tako v tujini kot tudi v Sloveniji smo lahko priča tekmam, na katerih pride do spopadov med navijači nasprotnih si ekip, in sicer v obliki fizičnega in psihičnega nasilja. Vsak organizator želi na tekmi čim manj izgredov, zato je pomembno iskati rešitve za preprečevanje oz. zmanjšanje le teh. V diplomskem delu sem pozornost namenil navijaškim skupinam, vrstam in oblikam nasilja, ukrepom policije in varnostnih služb za preprečevanje nasilja ter zakonodaji, ki ureja to področje. Nekaj samoumevnega je izkazovanje podpore svojemu klubu s petjem, navijanjem, različnimi koreografijami in transparenti. Vendar nekateri iščejo pozornost in naklonjenost vrstnikov z nasilnim vedenjem, provokacijami, uničevanjem predmetov, žaljivkami itd. V tujini, kjer je na stadionih bistveno več obiskovalcev, prihaja do hujših oblik izgredov. Anglija in Nemčija sta državi s pestro zgodovino nasilja na stadionih, ki je terjala veliko smrtnih žrtev. Vendar sta s spremembo zakonodaje, ki je do navijačev strožja, omilili nasilje in tako preprečili najhujše tragedije. V Sloveniji smrtnih žrtev zaradi nasilja na nogometnih tekmah na srečo ni bilo. Se pa kaže v obliki pretepov, žaljivk, uničevanja predmetov… Največkrat prihaja do merjenja strasti med navijači NK Olimpija in NK Maribor. Država želi z novo zakonodajo in z večjimi pooblastili policije nasilnežem preprečiti razgrajanje na stadionih. Sports events, especially football games are many times related with violence. Both abroad and in Slovenia we can see football games where we can witness conflicts among fans of opposing teams in the form of physical and psychological violence. Every organizer wants during the match as little as possible riots. Therefore it is important to find solutions for the prevention of riots or reduction thereof. In this thesis I pay close attention to the cheerleaders, types and forms of violence, action by police and security services for the prevention of violence and the legislation that governs this area. A matter of course is to demonstrate support for the club by singing, cheers, different choreographies and banners. However, some individuals looking for attention and affection peers with aggression, provocation, destroying objects, insults, etc. In foreign countries, where the stadiums take significantly more visitors is coming to serious forms of riots. England and Germany are the two countries with a rich history of violence in stadiums, which demanded many casualties. However, with the change of legislation, which is stricter to fans, they managed to reduce riots and prevent black scenarios. In Slovenia fatal accidents because of violence at football matches luckily we haven’t witness yet. It is manifested in the form of fights, assaults, destruction of objects... Most times comes to measuring the passion of fans NK Olimpija and NK Maribor. State wants with the new legislation and increased police powers to prevent the abuser clobbering the stadiums.

Danes je za uspešno poslovanje podjetij zelo pomembno da obvladujejo vse informacije in podatke, ki jih dnevno prejemajo v različnih oblikah. Zavedati se je potrebno kateri podatki so potrebni za tekoče poslovanje, katero dokumentacijo oz. dokumentarno gradivo je potrebno shraniti bodisi iz zakonskih določil bodisi zaradi poslovanja podjetja v prihodnosti, ter ločiti morebitno arhivsko gradivo ki je kulturnega pomena. Gradivo katerega podjetja hranijo v zato namenjenih arhivskih prostorih, mora biti urejeno in skrbno shranjeno, saj je področje varovanja arhivov zakonsko podrobno opredeljeno. Za urejenost arhivov so v podjetju odgovorni vsi, še posebej pa lastniki oziroma vodstvo podjetij. Skrbno varovanje arhivov pripomore k neprekinjenemu poslovanju podjetja, saj s tem zmanjšamo možnosti kriznih situacij. Za obvladovanje teh arhivov pa je potrebno ustrezno materialno varovanje gradiva. Potrebujemo ustrezne arhivske prostore, ki so varni pred naravnimi in drugimi nesrečami, ki pretijo gradivu. V arhivskih prostorih je potrebno zagotavljati ustrezne klimatske razmere in druge pogoje, da ne pride do poškodb gradiva ali celo do uničenja. Poleg tega je potrebno poskrbeti za varnostne ukrepe, da preprečujejo škodne dogodke v arhivih, če pa do teh že pride, pa pripomorejo k hitrejši sanaciji škode ki je morebiti nastala. Podjetja imajo možnost da gradivo hranijo v klasični obliki ali elektronski obliki. Obe obliki imata svoje prednosti in slabosti, ker pa je informacijska tehnologija v zadnjih letih zelo napredovala, se vse več podjetij odloča za hranjenje gradiva v elektronski obliki. Elektronska oblika zahteva več informacijskega znanja, kar je tudi eden od razlogov, da se veliko podjetij ter tudi drugih javnih ustanov odloča za zunanjega izvajalca hranjenja dokumentacije (outsourcing). Hranjenje gradiva in še veliko drugih storitev nudi tudi podjetje Mikrografija d.o.o., katero je predstavljeno v zadnjem delu diplomskega dela. To run a successful business, it is crucial for the firms to control al types of information that they receive on a daily basis. It is important to recognize which information is significant for the everyday business, which information should be properly archived (be it in accordance with the legislation or to assure a successful business in the future) and which information bears a cultural significance. The material held in its assigned space has to be dutifully arranged and stored since the legislation in the field of the archive safety is quite thoroughly defined. The tidiness of the archives is a responsibility of every individual in the firm, especially the owners and managers, respectively. Dutiful protection of the archives contributes to the constant business of the firm since it reduces the chance of critical situations. To effectively control the archives, the firm needs to assure adequate material protection. The firm requires adequate archive space, which is safe from natural disasters and other risks endangering the material. In the archive space, the firm needs to assure suitable climate and other conditions preventing the damage or even destruction of the material. Along with the aforementioned, the firm needs to provide safety measures preventing loss events and, respectively, ensuring the fastest possible reconstruction of the state before the loss event. The firms have the possibility to archive the information in a classical or electronic manner. Although both options offer their advantages and disadvantages, several firms decide to choose the electronic way of archiving information. Since this manner of archiving requires a certain level of knowledge, many firms decide to archive the information by outsourcing. The company Mikrografijad.o.o..which is introduced in the last section of this diploma paper, offer the service of archiving information and several other kinds of services.

Povzetek V diplomski nalogi sem predstavil spremembe, v poglavju Kazniva dejanja zoper premoženje, v treh kazenskih zakonikih (1984, 1994 in 2008) in njihovih novelah. Naredil sem primerjavo kazenskih sankcij za te člene. Pripravil sem pregled statističnih podatkov o najbolj pogostih kaznivih dejanjih zoper premoženje, (tatvina, velika tatvina, odvzem motornega vozila, goljufija, prikrivanje, poškodovanje tuje stvari, rop, roparska tatvina in zatajitev). Naredil sem primerjavo trendov za zgoraj navedenih devet vrst kaznivih dejanj zoper premoženje. Rezultate sem prikazal numerično, grafično in analiziral sem zakonodajo za teh devet vrst kaznivih dejanj zoper premoženje. Število kaznivih dejanj in kazenske sankcije so se od leta 1984 do leta 2010 spreminjale zaradi sprememb v političnem in ekonomskem sistemu ter v družbi. Vidno je, kako so bile kazenske sankcije opredeljene v prejšnjem sistemu in kako so določene danes. Na koncu diplomske naloge sem predstavil ugotovitve in največje spremembe ter podal svoje mnenje. Summary This undergraduate diploma provides a presentation of changes in the chapter regarding crimes against property in three Criminal Codes (1984, 1994 and 2008) and their amendments. I made a comparison of the criminal sanctions for these articles. I provided an overview of the statistics concerning the most frequent crimes against property and took nine types for comparison (theft, grand theft, motor vehicle forfeiture, fraud, concealing, damage to third party property, robbery, larceny in the form of robbery and suppression. I compared the trends for the above mentioned nine types of crimes against property with the trends in the field of sanctions. The results are presented numerically and graphically. I also analysed the jurisdiction for these nine types of crimes against property. The number of criminal offences and criminal sanctions between 1984 and 2010 varied due to changes in the political and economic system as well as society. It is evident, how the criminal sanctions were defined in the previous system and how they are defined today. Finally, I presented the findings and significant changes as well as provided my personal opinion.

Zanesljiv in varen prenos poštnih pošiljk sta pomembni nalogi poštnega prometa, zato lastniki poštnih, kurirskih in drugi storitev uvajajo varnostne izboljšave in varnostne standarde. Pomembno pri tem je, da upoštevajo pravne akte v notranjem in mednarodnem poštnem prometu. Izvajalci poštnih storitev, med katerimi je Pošta Slovenije glavni izvajalec namenjajo veliko pozornosti varovanju pri prevozu poštnih pošiljk. Na Pošti Slovenije imajo zato poseben sektor za korporativno varnost in nadzor, ki skrbi za varnost v podjetju. Za prevoze se uporabljajo lastna, tuja motorna vozila, v mednarodnem prometu pa tudi železniški vagoni in ladje ter letala. Prav tako je potrebno upoštevati tudi gostoto naselij, njihovo gospodarsko, kulturno razvitost in dejanske potrebe uporabnikov po poštnih storitvah. Organiziranost dostave se deli na centralizirani sistem, decentralizirani sistem in kombinirani sistem. Če pride do izrednega dogodka pri prevozu poštnih pošiljk je pomembno, da alarmni sistem deluje brezhibno, 24 ur na dan vse leto in da je odziv hiter, s pravimi ukrepi in intervencijskimi službami. Vzpostavitev zgodnjega opozorilnega sistema, ki ga tvorijo zaposleni, stranke in zainteresirana javnost je sistem obveščanja, ki je lahko telefonsko, neposredno ustno in pisno obveščanje odgovornih oseb zunanjim intervencijskim službam. Pošta Slovenije tesno sodeluje pri izvajanju varnostne politike z izbranimi družbami za zasebno varovanje, policijo in drugimi organi pregona. A reliable and secure transfer of mail is an essential task of mail delivery, that is why the owners of post, courier and other services introduce security improvements and standards. Within this frame, it is important to take into account the local and international legal acts of mail delivery. The post office of Slovenia, which is the main performer in Slovenia, introduced a special sector of corporative security and control, taking care for the company's security. The transport is carried out by the company's own, foreign vehicles, in the international transport also railway carriages or planes. A great importance is also to be lied upon the density of settlements, their economic and cultural development and the actual needs of mail service. The organization of delivery is divided into a central system, non-central system and a combination of both systems. The alarm system needs to work perfectly, 24 hours a day throughout the whole year, with a quick response, with the right steps and interventionist services, in the case of an unusual incident in mail delivery. The establishment of an early alarm system, which is created by the employees, the costumers and an interested public, is a system of informing the external interventionist services by telephone, direct mutual or in written form. The post office of Slovenia cooperates with selected companies of private security, police and other agencies of prosecution.

Diplomsko delo obravnava problematiko delovnega okolja policista, ki v križišču usmerja promet. Policisti so pri vsakodnevnem delu zaradi samih postopkov dela stalno izpostavljeni možnim zdravstvenim okvaram in poškodbam (npr. škodljivi fizikalni, kemijski in biološki dejavniki), tako s strani delovnega okolja, kjer opravljajo delo, kakor tudi s strani obravnavanih oseb (npr. fizični napad, prometne nesreče, nujna vožnja s službenimi vozili). Prav ta nepredvidljivost delovnega okolja, lahko privede do hujših zdravstvenih okvar, poškodb ali celo smrti. Zato je potrebno nujno stalno ugotavljati nevarnosti ter ocenjevati tveganja katerim je policist pri svojem delu izpostavljen. Na osnovi ocene tveganja lahko določamo ustrezne varnostne ukrepe policistom z osnovnim namenom zagotavljanja čim višje stopnje varnosti in zdravja pri delu. The diploma thesis deals with the problem issue of police officer’s working environment, i.e. when he/she regulates traffic in the crossroads. Performing their daily duties and considering the nature of police procedures, police officers are constantly exposed to potential health disabilities, disorders and injuries (for example harmful physical, chemical or biological factors) either coming directly from their working environment or from individuals involved in police procedures (for example physical assault, traffic accident, intervention drive with police vehicles). It is the unpredictability of the working environment that can lead to serious health disabilities, injuries or even result in death. For this reason it is essential to constantly establish hazards, assess the risks the police officers are exposed to while performing their work. Based on the risk assessment, appropriate safety measures, relevant to police officers, can be determined these measures are aimed primarily at ensuring as high as possible level of occupational health and safety.