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Background: Toothbrushing, limiting intake frequency, and scheduled visits to an oral healthcare professional (OHP) are key for good oral health. We aimed to explore factors influencing these oral health behaviours in Dutch adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID) in residential care. Method: Using a qualitative, descriptive approach, we conducted focus groups and interviews with 12 adolescents, 9 counsellors, and 6 OHPs. Thematic analysis mapped factors influencing adolescents' knowledge, attitude, planning, and execution of oral health behaviours to oral care stakeholders. Results: Of nine identified influencing factors, three were pivotal: Structure (influencing toothbrushing and intake frequency), Anxiety (impeding dental visits), and Support (provided by counsellors). Conclusions: Counsellors should provide structured daily guidance on oral hygiene and diet for adolescents with MBID, while respecting the adolescents' autonomy. As intermediaries between adolescents and OHPs, counsellors are key in reducing dental anxiety. Counsellors need clear oral health policies within care facilities to address competing priorities.

Purpose: This study aims to examine some of the benefits and drawbacks of communication visibility. Specifically, building on communication visibility theory, the authors study how and why message transparency and network translucence may increase knowledge reuse and perceived overload through behavioral responses of vicarious learning and technology-assisted supplemental work. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on survey data obtained from 1,127 employees of a global company operating in the industrial machinery sector, the authors used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized model. Findings: The results demonstrate that the two aspects of communication visibility yield somewhat differential benefits and drawbacks in terms of knowledge reuse and communication overload, through vicarious learning and supplemental work practices. Research limitations/implications: The results demonstrate the relationship between different aspects of communication visibility and knowledge reuse, specifically through vicarious learning. Furthermore, the findings highlight a potential drawback of visibility – communication overload – specifically through technology-assisted supplemental work. Overall, network translucence seems more beneficial compared to message transparency in terms of knowledge reuse and communication overload. Originality/value: The study connects with recent work on communication visibility by distinguishing differential direct and indirect effects of message transparency and network translucence. It also extends this work by testing relationships between communication visibility and a potential drawback of visibility – communication overload – specifically through technology-assisted supplemental work.

This study examines the implications of categorizing workers into essential and non-essential groups due to disruptions in work associated with-and the quality of organizational change communication about-the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we examine how these cues trigger identity threats and influence the meaningfulness of work, consequently affecting the mental health of workers (anxiety, distress, and depression). The results show that change communication reduces identity threat, while also increasing meaningfulness of work, for both work categories. However, the disruptions increase identity threat only for non-essential workers. Conversely, identity threat increases two of the three mental health issues while meaningfulness of work reduces two of them. The study contributes to our growing understanding of the pervasive, though subtle, implications of COVID-19 for the workplace by showing how a process of employee sensemaking and organizational change communication directly and indirectly influence important dimensions of mental health.

This study investigates the relationships between the use of various organizational ICTs, communication visibility, and perceived proximity to distant colleagues. In addition, this study examines the interplay between visibility and proximity, to determine whether visibility improves proximity, or vice versa. These relationships are tested in a global company using two waves of panel survey data. ESM use increases communication visibility and perceived proximity, while controlling for prior levels of visibility, proximity, and the use of other organizational ICTs. The influence of ESM on network translucence and perceived proximity is generally stronger than the impact of other technologies on these outcomes. These results highlight the importance of considering various aspects of the technological landscape conjointly, as well as distinguishing the two dimensions of communication visibility. Finally, the results indicate that perceived proximity has causal priority over communication visibility, indicating that communication visibility exists partly as an attribution of perceived proximity to distant colleagues, and is not solely inferred from the use of organizational ICTs.

PurposeThis study aims to take a public goods approach to understand relationships between collecting and contributing knowledge to an online knowledge sharing portal (KSP), mental model processing and outcomes at the individual and collective levels.Design/methodology/approachThis study reports on a survey (N = 602) among tax professionals, examining the perceived individual and collective benefits and costs associated with collecting and contributing knowledge. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsCollecting and contributing knowledge led to considerable mental model processing of the knowledge. That in turn significantly influenced (primarily) individual and (some) collective costs and benefits. Results varied by the kinds of knowledge sharing. Whether directly from knowledge sharing, or mediated through mental modeling, the perceived costs and benefits may be internalized as an individual good rather than being interpreted at the collective level as a public good.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is situated in the early stages of a wiki-type online KSP. A focus on the learning potential of the system could serve to draw in new users and contributors, heightening perceptions of the public goods dimension of a KSP.Practical implicationsA focus on the learning potential of the system could serve to draw in new users, and thus the number of subsequent contributors, heightening perceptions of the collective, public goods dimension of a KSP.Originality/valueThis study explores how knowledge sharing and mental model processing are directly and indirectly associated with individual and collective costs and benefits. As online knowledge sharing is both an individual and public good, costs and benefits must be considered from both perspectives.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) predominantly occurs in preterm infants (PT-NEC). In term neonates, NEC occurs more frequently when a congenital heart disease is present (CHDNEC). Our aim was to evaluate differences and similarities in disease characteristics of PT-NEC versus CHD-NEC. In this retrospective case–control study we identified all CHD infants who developed NEC Bell's stage ≥ 2 in our center from 2004 to 2014. We randomly selected (1:2 ratio) PT-NEC infants from the same period. Biochemical and clinical variables were retrieved from patient files. We found 18 CHD-NEC infants and selected 36 PT-NEC infants (gestational age 28.3 [25–35.6] weeks vs. 38.6 [31.7–40.7] weeks). Postnatal age at onset was significantly lower in CHD-NEC patients (4 [2–24] vs. 11 [4–41] days, p < 0.001). Lowest pH levels were lower (7.21 [7.01–7.47] vs. 7.27 [6.68–7.39], p = 0.02), and highest CRP levels were higher (112.5 mg/L [5.0–425.0] vs. 66.0 [5.2–189.0], p = 0.05) in PT-NEC vs. CHD-NEC. Anatomic localisation of the disease differed: the colon was significantly more often involved in CHD-NEC versus PT-NEC (86% vs. 33%, p = 0.03). Mortality caused by NEC was not different (22% vs. 11%, p = 0.47). While outcome of NEC in both groups is similar, the predominant NEC localisation differed between CHD-NEC and PT-NEC patients. This suggests that both variants of the disease have a different underlying pathophysiological mechanism that predisposes different intestinal regions to develop NEC. Retrospective Case–Control Study. Level III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This article conceptualises the European smart city as an assemblage of peripheral smart city network practices and central smart city project practices. Both practices are primarily geared towards the pursuit of 'smartness', a prestigious urban adjective that, in the European context, often means receiving an award or large grant from Europe. This article focuses on smart city projects that received European funding, and explores why, how and with what effect for citizen participation these projects are shaped by specific visions for European cities in general, and for European smart cities in particular. It does so by situating these ideas within the intersecting political-economic ambitions of those able to grant 'smart' (European Research and Innovation Schemes) and those needing to pursue it (post-crisis municipalities). It then illustrates how this political economy results in a discursive production logic that explains why so many smart city projects, that were or want to be successful in European grant applications, tend to exclude the perspective and interests of citizens. The article consequently proposes that politicians, city makers and scientists, who so laudably (cl)aim to position and treat citizens as key stakeholders in European smart cities, reflect more explicitly on their own roles in preserving and challenging this production logic. Highlights • Many European 'smart cities' exist as very specific smart city projects, funded by European Research & Innovation Schemes. • Post-crisis municipalities need to get funded by, and work within, these schemes for smart city recognition and branding. • Underpinning these schemes' view of smart cities is a logic of Europe, and its municipalities, as global competitors. • Analysis shows that to comply with this logic is to essentially exclude the perspectives of citizens in the smart city. • The 'inclusive smart city' is an empty policy mantra, unless this logic is structurally defied or strategically navigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether serial measurements of fecal calprotectin concentrations enable us to identify infants who will develop NEC prior to development of symptoms. Methods Prospective matched case–control study including 100 high-risk neonates. High risk includes 1) gestational age (GA) ≤ 30 weeks, 2) birth-weight (BW) ≤ 1000 g, 3) GA 30–32 weeks and BW ≤ 1250 g, 4) born from a mother who received indomethacin for tocolysis. We matched every NEC subject with three controls for birth weight and gestational age. Fecal calprotectin was measured twice a week from day one until five weeks after birth or until NEC development. We analyzed differences in fecal calprotectin between NEC subjects and controls in the week preceding NEC onset and course of fecal calprotectin within subjects who developed NEC. Results Of 100 included patients, ten (median GA 27.5 weeks [24.6–29.4], BW 1010 g [775–1630]) developed NEC. The median calprotectin concentration in all samples combined was 332 μg/g [< 40–8230] μg/g feces. There were no differences between NEC subjects and controls, with a wide variation in both groups. In NEC subjects, there was no intraindividual rise in calprotectin before clinical symptoms occurred. Conclusions There are high concentrations and wide interindividual variations in calprotectin in preterm infants during the first weeks of life. Wide intraindividual variation further precludes the serial use of fecal calprotectin in the early detection or prediction of NEC in high risk infants. Level of Evidence III [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dutch municipalities are increasingly experimenting with 'big data' as an instrument for social policy. This movement pertains to the design of municipal data warehouses, dashboards and predictive analytics, the latter mostly to identify risk of fraud. This transition to data-driven social policy almost completely takes place out of political and social view, and escapes democratic decision making. In this article I show in detail how these three emerging practices are based on disputable quality of data and analytic models, and how they tend to transgress the recent EU GPDR about privacy and data protection. I also assess that key stakeholders in this data movement, i.e. the citizens whose data are used and the benefit officers who take this data in, are not actively informed let alone invited to participate. As a result, a practice of top-down monitoring, containment and control is evolving, despite the desire of civil servants in this domain to do 'good' with data. In the conclusion, I explore several data and policy alternatives, to prevent 'big data' become another 'fatal remedy' in social policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]