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8. Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990-2019. National Inventory Report 2021

Author

Ruyssenaars, P.G., Coenen, P.W.H.G., Zijlema, P.J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Baas, K., Dröge, R., Geilenkirchen, G., 't Hoen, M., Honig, E., van Huet, B., van Huis, E.P., Koch, W.W.R., te Molder, R., Montfoort, J.A., van der Zee, T., and van Zanten, M.C.

Subjects
Life Science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology
Abstract

Total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Netherlands in 2019 decreased by 3.2 percent, in comparison with 2018 emissions. This decrease was mainly the result of decreased coal combustion for energy and heat production. In 2019, total GHG emissions (including indirect CO2 emissions and excluding emissions from Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)) in the Netherlands amounted to 180.7 Tg CO2 eq. This is approximately 18 percent below the emissions in the base year 1990 (220.5 Tg CO2 eq.). CO2 emissions in 2019 were 5.6 percent below the level in the base year. The total of the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases (CH4, N2O and F-gases) was reduced by 53 percent over this period. This report documents the Netherlands’ annual submission for 2021 of its GHG emissions inventory in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006) prescribed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and the European Union’s Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism. This report includes explanations of observed trends in emissions, an assessment of the sources with the highest contribution to total national emissions (key sources) and a description of the uncertainty in the emissions estimates. Estimation methods, data sources and emission factors (EFs) are described for each source category, and there is also a description of the quality assurance system and the verification activities performed on the data. The report also describes changes in methodologies since the previous submission (NIR 2020), the results of recalculations and planned improvements.

Published
2021

9. Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990-2018 : National Inventory Report 2020

Author

Ruyssenaars, P.G., Coenen, P.W.H.G., Rienstra, J.D., Zijlema, P.J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Baas, K., Dröge, R., Geilenkirchen, G., 't Hoen, M., Honig, E., van Huet, B., van Huis, E.P., Koch, W.W.R., Lagerwerf, L.L., te Molder, R.A., Montfoort, J.A., Vonk, J., van Zanten, M.C., Ruyssenaars, P.G., Coenen, P.W.H.G., Rienstra, J.D., Zijlema, P.J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Baas, K., Dröge, R., Geilenkirchen, G., 't Hoen, M., Honig, E., van Huet, B., van Huis, E.P., Koch, W.W.R., Lagerwerf, L.L., te Molder, R.A., Montfoort, J.A., Vonk, J., and van Zanten, M.C.

Abstract

Total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Netherlands in 2018 decreased by approximately 2.7 percent, in comparison with 2017 emissions. This decrease was mainly the result of decreased coal combustion for energy and heat production.In 2018, total GHG emissions (including indirect CO2 emissions and excluding emissions from Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)) in the Netherlands amounted to 188.2 Tg CO2 eq. This is approximately 15.1 percent below the emissions in the base year 1990 (221.7 Tg CO2 eq.).CO2 emissions in 2018 were 1.6 percent below the level in the base year. The total of the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases (CH4, N2O and F-gases) was reduced by more than 50% over this period.This report documents the Netherlands’ annual submission for 2020 of its GHG emissions inventory in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2006) prescribed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and the European Union’s Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism.This report includes explanations of observed trends in emissions, an assessment of the sources with the highest contribution to total national emissions (key sources) and a description of the uncertainty in the emissions es timates. Estimation methods, data sources and emission factors (EFs) are described for each source category, and there is also a description of the quality assurance system and the verification activities performed on the data. The report also describes changes in methodologies since the previous submission (NIR 2019), the results of recalculations and planned improvements.

Published
2020

10. Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus--DYCOMS-II

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, Lenschow, Donald H., Vali, Gabor, Gerber, Hermann, Bandy, A., Blomquist, B., Brenguier, J.-L., Bretherton, C.S., Burnet, F., Campos, T., Chai, S., Faloona, I., Friesen, D., Haimov, S., Laursen, K., Lilly, D.K., Loehrer, S.M., Malinowski, Szymon P., Morley, B., Petters, M.D., Rogers, D.C., Russell, L., Savic-Jovcic, V., Snider, J.R., Straub, D., Szumowski, Marcin J., Takagi, H., Thornton, D.C., Tschudi, M., Twohy, C., Wetzel, M., and van Zanten, M.C.

Subjects
Stratocumulus clouds -- Models, Cloud physics -- Research, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

The second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study is described. The field program consisted of nine flights in marine stratocumulus west-southwest of San Diego, California. The objective of the program was to better understand the physics and dynamics of marine stratocumulus. Toward this end special flight strategies, including predominantly nocturnal flights, were employed to optimize estimates of entrainment velocities at cloud-top, large-scale divergence within the boundary layer, drizzle processes in the cloud, cloud microstructure, and aerosol-cloud interactions. Cloud conditions during DYCOMS-II were excellent with almost every flight having uniformly overcast clouds topping a well-mixed boundary layer. Although the emphasis of the manuscript is on the goals and methodologies of DYCOMS-II, some preliminary findings are also presented--the most significant being that the cloud layers appear to entrain less and drizzle more than previous theoretical work led investigators to expect.

Published
2003

11. Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990-2017 : National inventory report 2019

Author

Ruyssenaars, P.G., Coenen, P.W.H.G., Zijlema, P.J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Baas, K., Dröge, R., Geilenkirchen, G., 't Hoen, M., Honig, E., van Huet, B., van Huis, E.P., Koch, W.W.R., Lagerwerf, L.L., te Molder, R.A., Montfoort, J.A., Peek, C.J., Vonk, J., and van Zanten, M.C.

Subjects
Life Science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology
Published
2019

12. Greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands 1990-2016 : National Inventory Report 2018

Author

Coenen, P.W.H.G., van Zanten, M.C., Zijlema, P.J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Baas, K., van den Berghe, A.C.W.M., van Huis, E.P., Geilenkirchen, G., 't Hoen, M., Hoogsteen, M., te Molder, R., Dröge, R., Montfoort, J.A., Peek, C.J., Vonk, J., Dellaert, S., and Koch, W.W.R.

Subjects
energiebeleid, greenhouse gases, biobased economy, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, broeikasgassen, energy policy
Published
2018

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