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4. Characterisation of defects in porous silicon as an anode material using positron annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy

Author

Legerstee, W.J. (author), Noort, T. (author), van Vliet, T. K. (author), Schut, H. (author), Kelder, E.M. (author), Legerstee, W.J. (author), Noort, T. (author), van Vliet, T. K. (author), Schut, H. (author), and Kelder, E.M. (author)

Abstract

Here we present Positron Annihilation Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy (PADBS) as a powerful method to analyse the origin and development of defect processes in porous silicon structures as a result of alloying with lithium for the use in battery anode applications. Several prepared anodes were lithiated (discharged against Li+/Li) and de-lithiated (charged) with different capacities followed by a distinct treatment procedure and an analysis using the Delft Variable Energy Positron Beam. The results presented here show that we can distinguish two different processes attributed to (1) structural changes in silicon as a result of the alloying process, and (2) the formation of defects that initiate degradation of the material. The limit at which the porous material can be used for at least the first two cycles without the occurrence of damage can thus be accurately determined by using the PADBS technique., RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy, RST/Neutron and Positron Methods in Materials

Published
2022
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13. Physiological hypoxia restrains the senescence-associated secretory phenotype via AMPK-mediated mTOR suppression

Author

van Vliet, T. Varela-Eirin, M. Wang, B. Borghesan, M. Brandenburg, S.M. Franzin, R. Evangelou, K. Seelen, M. Gorgoulis, V. Demaria, M.

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

Cellular senescence is a state of stable proliferative arrest triggered by damaging signals. Senescent cells persist during aging and promote age-related pathologies via the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), whose regulation depends on environmental factors. In vivo, a major environmental variable is oxygenation, which varies among and within tissues. Here, we demonstrate that senescent cells express lower levels of detrimental pro-inflammatory SASP factors in physiologically hypoxic environments, as measured in culture and in tissues. Mechanistically, exposure of senescent cells to low-oxygen conditions leads to AMPK activation and AMPK-mediated suppression of the mTOR-NF-κB signaling loop. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with hypoxia-mimetic compounds reduces SASP in cells and tissues and improves strength in chemotherapy-treated and aged mice. Our findings highlight the importance of oxygen as a determinant for pro-inflammatory SASP expression and offer a potential new strategy to reduce detrimental paracrine effects of senescent cells. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Published
2021

23. Baking performance, rheology, and chemical composition of wheat dough and gluten affected by xylanase and oxidative enzymes

Author

Hilhorst, R., Dunnewind, B., Orsel, R., Stegeman, P., van Vliet, T., Gruppen, H., and Schols, H.A.

Subjects
Dough -- Research, Enzymes -- Research, Flour -- Research, Gluten -- Research, Business, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

A new study investigates the effects of combinations of the enzymes xylanase, peroxidase and glucose oxidase on the handling and baking performance of six wheat doughs. The objective is to discover whether such enzymes have different effects on the gluten network. The study shows dough containing xylanase plus peroxidase improves then handling properties of dough and the final baked product. It is concluded that the enzymes' effect on the gluten network is marginal.

Published
1999

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