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Contains fulltext : 102578.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has been shown to effectively target binge eating disorder (BED). This study pilots the effectiveness of group DIVE for obese "emotional eaters" to reduce eating psychopathology and achieve weight maintenance. Thirty-five obese male and female emotional eaters receiving 20 group psychotherapy sessions of DBT adapted for emotional eating were assessed at end-of-treatment and 6 month follow-up for reductions in eating psychopathology and weight maintenance. DBT resulted in significant reductions in emotional eating and other markers of eating psychopathology at the end-of-treatment that were maintained at follow-up. The drop-out rate was very low, with only 1 participant dropping from treatment. Thirty-three (94%) of the sample provided data at every assessment point. Of these, 80% achieved either weight reduction or weight maintenance after treatment and throughout the follow-up period. The effect size for weight reduction was small. This pilot study demonstrates group DBT targeting emotional eating in the obese to be a highly acceptable and effective intervention for reducing eating related psychopathology at both at end-of-treatment and during follow-up. The ability of DBT to limit the upward trajectory of weight gain in obese patients with high degrees of emotional eating suggests that DBT may also help limit the increase or even prevent onset of obesity related morbidity in these patients.

This chapter discusses the development since 1950 of a variety of approaches (such as Structuralism, Generative Grammar, Formal Semantics, and Cognitive Linguistics) to negation within different theoretical frameworks that have been influential for the description of the Dutch language.

Emotional eating has a female preponderance and an understanding of possible genetic and environmental underpinnings is still in the early stages. The current study focuses on the possible role of the dopamine D4 receptor (. DRD4) 'plasticity' gene in emotional eating and the possible moderator effects of sex and season of birth therein. We tested this in two samples (n = 93 and n = 586) of male and female Caucasian adults by genotyping DRD4 and assessing self-reported emotional eating. Participants were defined as high risk carriers if they had at least one long (7-repeat) allele, which confers hypo-function to DRD4. We also ran analyses that grouped 2- and 7-repeat carriers together. In the first sample there only was a moderator effect of sex. In the second sample there also was a 3 way interaction between season of birth, sex and genotype. In line with the idea that the Drd4 gene functions as a plasticity gene that affects the sensitivity to environmental influences, the moderator effect of sex was only found for the participants born in fall. Only in females the hypo-functional variants of DRD4 were associated with significantly higher degrees of emotional eating. Furthermore, the sex × genotype effects were somewhat stronger when the 2-repeat allele was grouped together with the 7-repeat allele. Our data suggest that DRD4 hypo-functional genetic variants are associated with emotional eating, only in females.

Objectives: Eating styles have been studied in both Obesity (OB) and Eating Disorders (ED), but they have not been examined in these two weight conditions together. The present study explores differences in eating styles in an Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and OB sample, compared to Healthy Controls (HC), and it analyses their relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) and personality traits. Method: The total sample consisted of 291 female participants (66 AN, 79 OB and 146 HC). Evaluation: Assessment measures included the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-DEBQ- and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-TCI-R-. Results: The MANCOVA test showed significant differences among the three groups for all eating styles, with emotional eating being more typical in the OB group and restrained eating more typical in the AN group. Partial correlation analyses showed relationships between emotional and external eating and BMI, as well as relationships with different temperament and character traits. The stepwise discriminant function analysis showed that the DEBQ correctly classified 65.6% of the sample into the three weight categories; when combined with the TCI-R, correct classification increased to 72.6%. Conclusions: Weight conditions showed different eating behaviour patterns. Temperament and character traits were related to eating behaviours. DEBQ and TCI-R were able to discriminate between groups. Differences in eating styles in the weight groups can have implications for understanding the development and maintenance of OB and ED

Contains fulltext : 129534.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) 9 p.

During the 19th century, Dutch grammarians developed a full-fledged system of functional sentence elements. From Anslijn’s five categories (subject, copula, predicate, object, adjunct) (1814) through Den Hertog’s twenty-two categories (1892), there was a complex development, consisting of (1) extension of the grammatical area, (2) differentiation, unification and redefinition of categories, and (3) regulation of structural relationships between categories. The result was a fine-grained conceptual system that allowed for a transparent analysis of Dutch sentences in terms of structural-functional categories, most of which are still thought relevant.

During the first half of the 20th century, Dutch traditional grammar was often criticized, but, nevertheless, its categories, including functional sentence elements such as subject, predicate and object, were largely vindicated. M.J. Langeveld’s 1934 thesis Taal en denken (Language and thought) is an extreme example of this paradox.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has been shown to effectively target binge eating disorder (BED). This study pilots the effectiveness of group DBT for obese "emotional eaters" to reduce eating psychopathology and achieve weight maintenance. Thirty-five obese male and female emotional eaters receiving 20 group psychotherapy sessions of DBT adapted for emotional eating were assessed at end-of-treatment and 6 month follow-up for reductions in eating psychopathology and weight maintenance. DBT resulted in significant reductions in emotional eating and other markers of eating psychopathology at the end-of-treatment that were maintained at follow-up. The drop-out rate was very low, with only 1 participant dropping from treatment. Thirty-three (94%) of the sample provided data at every assessment point. Of these, 80% achieved either weight reduction or weight maintenance after treatment and throughout the follow-up period. The effect size for weight reduction was small. This pilot study demonstrates group DBT targeting emotional eating in the obese to be a highly acceptable and effective intervention for reducing eating related psychopathology at both at end-of-treatment and during follow-up. The ability of DBT to limit the upward trajectory of weight gain in obese patients with high degrees of emotional eating suggests that DBT may also help limit the increase or even prevent onset of obesity related morbidity in these patients. La Terapia Dialéctico-Conductual (TDC) es una terapia eficaz para el tratamiento del trastorno por atracón (TA). Este estudio piloto pretende estudiar la eficacia de la TDC grupal para la reducción de psicopatologia alimentaria y el logro el mantenimiento del peso, para obesos "comedores emocionales". Treinta y cinco obesos "comedores emocionales" de ambos sexos fueron evaluados al final del tratamiento y en seguimiento a los seis meses en psicopatología alimentaria y reducción de peso tras recibir 20 sesiones de TDC en grupo adaptado para el tratamiento del comer emocional. La TDC dio lugar a reducciones significativas en comer emocional y otros marcadores de la psicopatologia alimentaria al terminar el tratamiento, que se mantuvieron durante el seguimiento. La tasa de abandonos fue muy baja, sólo una participante abandonó el tratamiento. Treinta y tres (94%) participantes de la muestra proporcionaron datos en todos los puntos de la evaluación. De éstos, el 80% obtuvo una reducción de peso o el mantenimiento del mismo al finalizar el tratamiento y durante todo el periodo de seguimiento. El tamaño del efecto de la reducción de peso fue pequeño. Este estudio piloto demuestra que el uso de la TDC para el comer emocional en personas obesas es una intervención altamente aceptable y eficaz para la reducción de estilos de ingesta relacionados con psicopatologia, tanto al final del tratamiento como en el seguimiento. La capacidad de la TDC para limitar la trayectoria ascendente de la ganancia de peso en pacientes obesos con alto grado de comer emocional sugiere que la TCD también puede ayudar a limitar el aumento o incluso prevenir la aparición de morbilidad relacionada con la obesidad en estos pacientes.

Introduction: Television viewing is considered to be a risk factor for overweight in children because of its association with reduced physical activity and increased calorie intake. Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine whether eating styles affect the relationship between television viewing (TV-viewing) and snacking. Method: In a sample of 962 pre-adolescents, self-reported television viewing and snacking were assessed in relation to dietary restraint, external eating and emotional eating, as measured with the child version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. With regression analyses we assessed the possible moderating role of emotional, external and restrained eating on the relation between TV-viewing and snacking. In all analyses we controlled for age, sex, BMI and the possible confounding effects of the other eating styles. Results: Emotional eating, and not dietary restraint or external eating, moderated the relationship between TV-viewing and snacking. Conclusion: TV-viewing seems to be more strongly related to snacking in children with higher levels of emotional eating. TV-viewing may also be a risk factor for the development of emotional eating. Introducción: Ver la televisión se considera como un factor de riesgo de sobrepeso en niños, debido a su asociación con menores niveles de actividad física y a un aumento de la ingesta de calorías. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar si los estilos de ingesta están afectando a la relación entre ver televisión (TV-ver) y el picar comida. Método: En una muestra de 962 preadolescentes, se midieron los hábitos de televisión y de picar comida en relación con restricción dietética, comer externo y comer emocional, medido con la versión para niños del Cuestionario Holandés de Comportamiento Alimentario. Mediante análisis de regresión se evaluó el posible papel moderador del comer emocional, externo y restrictivo en la relación entre ver la televisión y picar comida. En todos los análisis se controló la edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal y los posibles efectos de interacción con otros estilos de comer. Resultados: El comer emocional, y no la restricción dietética o comer externo, moderó la relación entre ver la televisión y picar comida. Conclusión: Ver la televisión parece estar más estrechamente relacionados con picar comida en niños con niveles más altos de comer emocional. Ver la televisión puede ser también un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del comer emocional.