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Background: The novel low-profile p48 flow diverter has been designed to treat aneurysms on small vessels of 1.75–3mm. We report our first clinical experiences. Methods: Between March 2018–January 2020, 22 patients with 25 aneurysms were treated with the p48 in 3 centers. One patient had 3 aneurysms covered by one p48 and one patient had 2 aneurysms. There were 5 men, 17 women, with a mean age of 55 years (median 59, range 29–73 years). Results: In 25 aneurysms, 24 p48 flow diverters were placed. In 1 patient additional coils were placed in the aneurysm. Procedural vessel rupture by the micro guidewire occurred in 2 patients and vessel rupture during p48 balloon dilatation occurred in 1 patient. Overall, the permanent morbidity rate was 13.6% (3 of 22, 95%CI 3.9–34.2%) and mortality was 4.5% (1 of 22, 95%CI <0.01–23.5%). Most complications were procedure-related and not device-specific. Of 22 patients with 25 aneurysms treated with p48, 18 patients with 20 aneurysms had angiographic follow-up after 5–18 months. Of 19 aneurysms, 10 were occluded and 7 showed a remnant. Two aneurysms were open after 6 months. Three aneurysms were still not occluded after 12, 14, and 18 months and these 3 were retreated. Retreatment rate was 16% (3 of 19) and the adequate occlusion rate was 90% (17 of 19). Conclusions: Treatment of aneurysms in small-caliber vessels with the p48 is feasible and effective but is not without complications. More data is needed to establish indications, safety, and efficacy more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Flow diverters are increasingly used to treat intracranial aneurysms. We report the safety and efficacy of the p64 flow diverter, a resheathable and detachable device for intracranial aneurysms. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 108 patients with 109 aneurysms treated with the p64 between March 2014 and July 2019. There were 87 women and 21 men, mean age 57 years. Of 109 aneurysms, 74 were discovered incidentally, 12 were symptomatic, 18 were previously treated, and five were ruptured dissection aneurysms. A total of 10 aneurysms were located in the posterior circulation. The mean aneurysm or remnant size was 8.1 mm. Results: Hemorrhage by perforation with the distal guidewire occurred in two patients with permanent neurological deficits in one. In one patient, acute in-stent occlusion caused infarction with a permanent deficit. Permanent morbidity was 1.9% (2 of 108, 95%CI 0.1–6.9%); there was no mortality. During follow-up, three in-stent occlusions occurred, all asymptomatic. There were no delayed hemorrhagic complications. At six months, 77 of 96 aneurysms (80.2%) were completely occluded, and at last follow-up, this increased to 93 of 96 aneurysms (96.9%). In-stent stenosis at any degree occurred in 11 patients, progressing to asymptomatic complete occlusion in one. In the other patients, stenosis resolved or improved at further follow-up. Conclusion: The p64 offers an effective and safe treatment option. Aneurysm occlusion rate was 97% at last follow-up, mostly achieved with a single device. There were no delayed hemorrhagic complications. Delayed in-stent stenosis infrequently progresses to occlusion but remains a matter of concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) in patients with a large fibroid burden is controversial. Anecdotal reports describe serious complications and limited clinical results. We report the long-term clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) results in a large series of women with a dominant fibroid of >10 cm and/or an uterine volume of >700 cm(3). Seventy-one consecutive patients (mean age, 42.5 years; median, 40 years; range, 25-52 years) with a large fibroid burden were treated by UAE between August 2000 and April 2005. Volume reduction and infarction rate of dominant fibroid and uterus were assessed by comparing the baseline and latest follow-up MRIs. Patients were clinically followed at various time intervals after UAE with standardized questionnaires. There were no serious complications of UAE. During a mean follow-up of 48 months (median, 59 months; range, 6-106 months), 10 of 71 patients (14%) had a hysterectomy. Mean volume reduction of the fibroid and uterus was 44 and 43%. Mean infarction rate of the fibroid and overall fibroid infarction rate was 86 and 87%. In the vast majority of patients there was a substantial improvement of symptoms. Clinical results were similar in patients with a dominant fibroid >10 cm and in patients with large uterine volumes by diffuse fibroid disease. In conclusion, our results indicate that the risk of serious complications after UAE in patients with a large fibroid burden is not increased. Moreover, clinical long-term results are as good as in other patients who are treated with UAE. Therefore, a large fibroid burden should not be considered a contraindication for UAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report mid- and long-term clinical and angiographic results of coiling of basilar tip aneurysms.Materials and Methods: Between January 1995 and August 2006, 154 basilar tip aneurysms were coiled. A total of 114 (74%) had ruptured and 40 (26%) were unruptured. There were 42 men and 112 women taking part in this study, with a mean age of 50.5 years (median, 50; range, 25-73 years). The mean aneurysm size was 11.1 mm (median, 10; range, 2-30 mm) and 71 (46%) were large or giant. Of 154 aneurysms, 40 (26%) were primarily coiled with a supporting device.Results: Initial occlusion was (near) complete in 144 (94%) and incomplete in 10 (6%) aneurysms. The combined procedural mortality and morbidity was 3.8% (6 of 154, 95% CI 1.4-8.3%). The mean clinical follow-up of 144 surviving patients was 53 months (range, 3-144 months; 637 patient-years). The annual incidence rate for recurrent haemorrhage was 0.3% (2 in 637 patient years, 95% CI 0.04-1.1%). During angiographic follow-up of mean 34 months (range, 6-122 months) in 138 patients (96%), 27 basilar tip aneurysms (17.5%) re-opened over time and were additionally coiled. Of these, 11 repeatedly re-opened and were repeatedly coiled. An aneurysm size of median >10 mm was the only significant predictor for re-treatment at follow-up (OR 7.0, 95% CI 2.5-19.7).Conclusion: Coiling of basilar tip aneurysms is safe and effective in preventing recurrent haemorrhage. Follow-up angiography is mandatory to timely detection of re-opening, especially in large and giant aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The Woven EndoBridge device (WEB) was introduced for the intrasaccular treatment of wide-neck aneurysms without the need for adjunctive devices. We used the WEB as a primary treatment for 100 ruptured aneurysms regardless of neck size or location. In this study, we present the long-term follow-up of 78 surviving patients., Materials and Methods: Between February 2015 and April 2017, one hundred ruptured aneurysms were treated with the WEB. For surviving patients, angiographic and clinical follow-up was scheduled at 3 months, and 3T MRA and clinical follow-up, at 6, 12, 36, and 60 months. Of 100 patients, 18 died during hospital admission, and in 4, the ruptured aneurysm was additionally treated. The remaining 78 patients had a mean follow-up of 51 months (median, 52 months; range, 5-84 months). There were 57 women and 21 men, with a mean age of 58.5 years (median, 59 years; range, 24-80 years). Of 78 aneurysms with long-term follow-up, 52 (66%) had a wide neck., Results: Of 78 ruptured aneurysms, 56 (72%) remained completely occluded and 17 (22%) had a stable small neck remnant. Five of 78 aneurysms (6%; 95% CI, 2.4%-14.5%) reopened during follow-up and were additionally treated. There were no rebleeds during follow-up., Conclusions: Treatment of ruptured aneurysms with the WEB was safe and effective and has long-term results comparable with those of simple coiling of small-neck aneurysms. The WEB proved to be a valuable alternative to coils for both wide- and small-neck ruptured aneurysms without the need for stents, balloons, or antiplatelet therapy., (© 2023 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Background and Purpose: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) is an intrasaccular flowdisruptor that is increasingly used for the treatment of (wide-necked) aneurysms. We present our experience with the WEB for unruptured aneurysms., Materials and Methods: Between April 2014 and August 2019, 93 patients with 95 unruptured aneurysms were primarily treated with the WEB. There were 69 women and 24 men, mean age 61 years (median 58, range 37-80)., Results: Of 95 aneurysms, 86 had been discovered incidentally, 3 were symptomatic and 6 were additional to another ruptured aneurysm. Location was anterior communicating artery 33, middle cerebral artery 29, basilar tip 19, carotid tip 8, posterior communicating artery 4, posterior inferior cerebellar artery 1, superior cerebellar artery 1. Mean aneurysm size was 6 mm (median 6, range 3-13 mm).In one aneurysm additional coils were used and in another, a stent was placed. There was one procedural rupture without clinical sequelae. There were two thrombo-embolic complications leading to permanent deficit in one patient (mRS 2). Morbidity rate was 1.0% (1 of 93, 95%CI 0.01-6.5%) and mortality was 0% (0 of 93, 95%CI 0.0-4.8%). Angiographic follow-up at six months was available in 85 patients with 87 aneurysms (91%). Of 87 aneurysms, 68 (78%) were completely occluded, 14 (16%) had a neck remnant and 5 were incompletely occluded. Four aneurysms were retreated. Retreatment rate was 4.5% (4 of 87, 95%CI 1.7-13.6%)., Conclusion: WEB treatment of unruptured aneurysms is safe and effective. Additional devices are needed only rarely and retreatment at follow-up is infrequent.

Background and Purpose: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with direct antegrade sinus drainage have a benign natural history but bruit can be disabling. Disconnection of the draining sinus is considered curative. We present the treatment results of 14 patients with a dural arteriovenous fistula with antegrade sinus return with emphasis on functionality of the involved sinus and the need for sinus patency., Materials and Methods: Between January 2009 and January 2018, 14 patients with a DAVF with direct antegrade sinus drainage were treated in our institution. There were two men and 12 women (1: 6) with a mean age of 61 years (median 61, range 43-78). Clinical presentation was unbearable pulsatile bruit in all cases. Thirteen were draining in the sigmoid or transverse sinus and one drained into the inferior petrosal sinus., Results: Twelve of 14 (86%) patients had a draining sinus non-functional for the brain. In ten of these 12 patients the sinus was occluded with liquid embolic or coils. In the two patients with a functional sinus, the fistula was successfully occluded without occluding the sinus. One patient with inferior petrosal sinus drainage required transvenous embolization. There were no permanent adverse events of treatment., Conclusions: Patients with DAVFs with direct antegrade sinus drainage were cured using a strategy of endovascular transarterial and transvenous embolization. Most patients had a non-functional sinus that could be occluded for cure.

Background and Purpose: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Modern hospital demographics are scarce. We evaluated the diagnosis and treatment of patients with SAH in a neurosurgical referral center., Materials and Methods: Between March 2013 and April 2015, two hundred eighty-four patients with SAH diagnosed on CT or lumbar puncture were admitted. All patients underwent 64- to 128-detector row CT angiography. Additional imaging was with 3D rotational angiography of all vessels. In patients with aneurysms, characteristics and mode of treatment were recorded., Results: In 197 of 220 patients with an aneurysmal bleeding pattern, we found a cause of the bleeding: One hundred ninety-five patients had a ruptured aneurysm (98%); 1 patient, a micro-AVM; and 1 patient, reversible vasoconstriction syndrome. Of 195 ruptured aneurysms, 6 were dissecting aneurysms and 3 were AVM-associated flow aneurysms. In 23 of 204 patients (11%) with an aneurysmal bleeding pattern and 3D rotational angiography performed, no cause was found. In 8 of 9 patients (89%) with lumbar puncture positive for SAH but CT negative for it, no cause was found. Of 180 patients with a ruptured aneurysm eligible for treatment, 147 (82%) were treated endovascularly and 30 aneurysms (17%) were clipped. Of 204 patients with an aneurysmal bleeding pattern and 3D rotational angiography, 72 (35%) had multiple aneurysms. These 72 patients had, altogether, 117 additional aneurysms, of which 24 (21%) were treated by either coiling or clipping., Conclusions: This study provides robust data on hospital demographics of SAH in a neurosurgical referral center, based on CTA and 3D rotational angiography of all vessels., (© 2019 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Purpose The intrasaccular flow disruptor Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is developed for the treatment of wide-necked aneurysms without supportive devices. We used the WEB as primary treatment for unruptured aneurysms suitable for the device, regardless of neck size. Methods Between February 2015 and June 2017, 59 aneurysms in 51 patients were selectively treated with the WEB. There were 15 men and 36 women with a mean age of 59 years. Mean aneurysm size was 7.0 mm (range 3-22 mm). Of 59 aneurysms, 45 (76%) had a wide neck defined as ≥4 mm or dome-neck ratio ≤1.5. No stents or supporting balloons were used. Results Initial WEB position was judged good in all 59 unruptured aneurysms. One patient with a basilar tip aneurysm had a late thrombotic posterior cerebral artery occlusion by protrusion of the WEB over the artery. There were no procedural ruptures. Overall complication rate was 2.0% (1 of 51, 95% CI 0.01-11.3%). Imaging follow-up was available in 55 of 59 aneurysms (93%). At 3 months, 41 of 57 aneurysms (72%) were completely occluded, 12 (21%) had a neck remnant and 4 (7%) were incompletely occluded. Conclusion WEB treatment is safe and effective in selected unruptured aneurysms suitable for the device, regardless of neck size or location. There was no need for supportive devices. Three-quarters of all unruptured small aneurysms could be treated with the WEB. In our opinion, the WEB is a valuable alternative to coils, especially in wide-necked aneurysms.

Background and Purpose: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) is an intrasaccular flow diverter intended to treat wide-neck aneurysms. The latest generation WEBs needed a 0.021-inch microcatheter in the small sizes. Recently, a lower profile range of WEBs compliant with a 0.017-inch microcatheter (WEB 17) has been introduced. We present the first clinical results of treatment of both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms with the WEB 17., Materials and Methods: Between December 2016 and September 2017, forty-six aneurysms in 40 patients were treated with the WEB 17. No supporting stents or balloons were used. Twenty-five aneurysms were ruptured (54%). There were 6 men and 34 women (mean age, 62 years; median, 63 years; range, 46-87 years). The mean aneurysm size was 4.9 mm (median, 5 mm; range, 2-7 mm)., Results: There were 2 thromboembolic procedural complications without clinical sequelae and no ruptures. The overall permanent procedural complication rate was 0% (0 of 40; 97.5% CI, 0%-10.4%). Imaging follow-up at 3 months was available in 33 patients with 39 aneurysms (97.5% of 40 eligible aneurysms). In 1 aneurysm, the detached WEB was undersized and the remnant was additionally treated with coils after 1 week. This same aneurysm reopened at 3 months and was again treated with a second WEB. One other aneurysm showed persistent WEB filling at 3 months. Complete occlusion was achieved in 28 of 39 aneurysms (72%), and 9 aneurysms (23%) showed a neck remnant., Conclusions: The WEB 17 is safe and effective for both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. The WEB 17 is a valuable addition to the existing WEB size range, especially for very small aneurysms., (© 2018 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Background and Purpose: The Woven EndoBridge device was recently introduced for the intrasaccular treatment of wide-neck aneurysms without the need for adjunctive devices. We present our results of the primary treatment of ruptured aneurysms with the Woven EndoBridge regardless of location or neck size., Materials and Methods: Between February 2015 and April 2017, 100 ruptured aneurysms were selectively treated with the Woven EndoBridge. No supporting stents or balloons were used. There were 71 women treated (mean patient age, 59 years; median age, 60 years; range, 23-82 years)., Results: The mean aneurysm size was 5.6 mm (range, 3-13 mm), and 42 aneurysms were ≤4 mm. Sixty-six aneurysms (66%) had a wide neck, defined as ≥4 mm or a dome-neck ratio ≤1.5. There was 1 procedural rupture without sequelae. In 9 patients (9%), thromboembolic complications occurred. One poor grade patient died; neurologic deficits remained in 3. Overall treatment-related morbidity-mortality was 4% (4 of 100; 95% CI, 1.2%-10.2%).Two of 100 aneurysms were initially incompletely occluded and were additionally treated early after initial intervention. Of 80 eligible patients, 74 (93%) had 3-month angiographic follow-up. Fifty-four aneurysms (73%) were completely occluded, 17 (23%) had a small neck remnant, and 3 (4%) were incompletely occluded. One patient was additionally treated with a second Woven EndoBridge, and in 2 patients, additional treatment is scheduled. The overall reopening/retreatment rate was 6.8% (5 of 74; 95% CI, 2.6%-15.2%). There were no rebleeds during follow-up., Conclusions: Treatment of small ruptured aneurysms with the Woven EndoBridge was safe and effective. The Woven EndoBridge proved to be a valuable alternative to coils without the need for stents or balloons., (© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess clinical outcomes 7 years after uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis., Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, one specialized hospital in the Netherlands recruited patients with symptomatic adenomyosis or adenomyosis in combination with fibroids for UAE. The 7-year post-intervention outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQOL), symptom severity scores (SSS), satisfaction, menopause and re-interventions., Results: Twenty-nine patients with adenomyosis (15 with fibroids) were treated with UAE between September 2006 and January 2010. The 7-year questionnaire was mailed in November 2016. The mean follow-up was 95 months (SD 9.0) at a mean age of 50 (SD 5.4). Questionnaires were returned by 24/29 patients (83%). The remaining five patients were contacted through telephone. One of these patients was untraceable. Seven years after treatment 5 of 28 patients (18%) underwent a secondary hysterectomy. The HRQOL and SSS scores as measured by UFS-QOL at 3 months after UAE showed significant improvement of -57 points (score: 15) and +40 points (score: 91), respectively. These scores remained comparable stable up unto 7 years. The SSS showed a significant difference of 17 points (0-100) in favor of the adenomyosis in combination with fibroids group (p = 0.020). Menopause was reported by 10/28 patients (36%). Twenty-one of 29 (72%) patients declared to be at least fairly satisfied about UAE., Conclusions: After 7 years of follow-up, in 82% of UAE-treated patients with symptomatic adenomyosis a hysterectomy was avoided.

Background and Purpose: Aneurysmal-type subarachnoid hemorrhage is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. When no aneurysm is found, the patient remains at risk for rebleeding. Negative findings for SAH on angiography range from 2% to 24%. Most previous studies were based on conventional 2D imaging. 3D rotational angiography depicts more aneurysms than 2D angiography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of repeat 3D rotational angiography in patients with aneurysmal-type SAH with negative initial 3D rotational angiography findings and to classify the initial occult aneurysms., Materials and Methods: Between March 2013 and January 2016, 292 patients with SAH and an aneurysmal bleeding pattern were admitted. Of these 292 patients, 30 (10.3%; 95% CI, 7.3%-14.3%) had initial negative 3D rotational angiography findings within 24 hours. These patients underwent a second 3D rotational angiography after 7-10 days., Results: In 8 of 30 patients (26.7%; 95% CI, 14.0%-44.7%) with initial negative 3D rotational angiography findings, a ruptured aneurysm was found on repeat 3D rotational angiography. Three of 8 initial occult aneurysms were very small (1-2 mm), 2 were supraclinoid carotid artery dissecting aneurysms (2 and 8 mm), 2 were small (1 and 3 mm) basilar perforator aneurysms, and 1 was a 3-mm vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm., Conclusions: In 10% of patients with aneurysmal-type SAH, initial 3D rotational angiography findings were negative, and in 1 in 4, repeat 3D rotational angiography demonstrated a ruptured aneurysm. Initial occult aneurysms were dissecting aneurysms of perforators or main arteries or were very small (1-2 mm) or both. Our results indicate that repeat 3D rotational angiography is mandatory in patients with initial 3D rotational angiography findings negative for aneurysmal-type SAH., (© 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Background and Purpose: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device was recently introduced for intrasaccular treatment of wide-neck aneurysms without the need for adjunctive support. We present our first experience in using the WEB for small ruptured aneurysms., Materials and Methods: During 11 months, 32 of 71 (45%) endovascularly treated acutely ruptured aneurysms were treated with the WEB. The patients were 12 men and 20 women, with a mean age of 61 years (range, 34-84 years). The mean aneurysm size was 4.9 mm, and 14 were ≤4 mm. Of 32 aneurysms, 24 (75%) had a wide neck., Results: All 32 aneurysms were adequately occluded after WEB placement. There were no procedural ruptures and no complications related to the WEB device. No adjunctive stents or balloons were needed. In 3 patients, thromboembolic complications occurred. One patient developed an infarction, and 2 patients were asymptomatic. The procedural complication rate was 3%. Seven patients admitted in poor clinical grade conditions died during hospital admission due to the sequelae of SAH. In 18 patients with angiographic follow-up at 3 months, 16 aneurysms remained adequately occluded. Two aneurysms showed slight compression of the WEB without reopening. Clinical follow-up in the 25 patients who survived the hospital admission period revealed mRS 1-2 in 24 and mRS 4 in 1. There were no rebleeds from the ruptured aneurysms during follow-up., Conclusions: WEB treatment of small ruptured aneurysms was safe and effective without the need for anticoagulation, adjunctive stents, or balloons. Our preliminary experience indicates that the WEB may be a valuable alternative to coils in the treatment of acutely ruptured aneurysms., (© 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

The WEB device was used to occlude the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery as treatment for large aneurysms. The WEB could be placed accurately at the desired position inside the vessel. Two WEBs were sufficient to occlude the parent artery., (© The Author(s) 2016.)

Introduction: We investigated whether baseline CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP) in acute ischemic stroke could improve prediction of infarct presence and infarct volume on follow-up imaging., Methods: We analyzed 906 patients with suspected anterior circulation stroke from the prospective multicenter Dutch acute stroke study (DUST). All patients underwent baseline non-contrast CT, CTA, and CTP and follow-up non-contrast CT/MRI after 3 days. Multivariable regression models were developed including patient characteristics and non-contrast CT, and subsequently, CTA and CTP measures were added. The increase in area under the curve (AUC) and R (2) was assessed to determine the additional value of CTA and CTP., Results: At follow-up, 612 patients (67.5%) had a detectable infarct on CT/MRI; median infarct volume was 14.8 mL (interquartile range (IQR) 2.8-69.6). Regarding infarct presence, the AUC of 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.85) for patient characteristics and non-contrast CT was improved with addition of CTA measures (AUC 0.85 (95% CI 0.82-0.87); p < 0.001) and was even higher after addition of CTP measures (AUC 0.89 (95% CI 0.87-0.91); p < 0.001) and combined CTA/CTP measures (AUC 0.89 (95% CI 0.87-0.91); p < 0.001). For infarct volume, adding combined CTA/CTP measures (R (2) = 0.58) was superior to patient characteristics and non-contrast CT alone (R (2) = 0.44) and to addition of CTA alone (R (2) = 0.55) or CTP alone (R (2) = 0.54; all p < 0.001)., Conclusion: In the acute stage, CTA and CTP have additional value over patient characteristics and non-contrast CT for predicting infarct presence and infarct volume on follow-up imaging. These findings could be applied for patient selection in future trials on ischemic stroke treatment.

Background and Purpose: The use of stents in the setting of SAH is controversial because of concerns about the efficacy and risk of dual antiplatelet therapy. We compare complications of stent-assisted coil embolization in patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms with complications in patients with unruptured aneurysms., Materials and Methods: Between February 2007 and March 2015, 45 acutely ruptured aneurysms and 47 unruptured aneurysms were treated with stent-assisted coiling. Patients with ruptured aneurysms were not pretreated with antiplatelet medication but received intravenous aspirin during the procedure. Thromboembolic events and early rebleeds were recorded., Results: In ruptured aneurysms, 9 of 45 patients had thromboembolic complications. Four patients remained asymptomatic, 4 developed infarctions, and 1 patient died. The permanent complication rate in ruptured aneurysms was 11% (95% CI, 4%-24%). Five of 45 patients (11%; 95% CI, 4%-24%) had an early rebleed from the treated aneurysm after 3-45 days, and in 4, this rebleed was fatal. In 46 patients with 47 unruptured aneurysms, thromboembolic complications occurred in 2. One patient remained asymptomatic; the other had a thalamus infarction. The complication rate in unruptured aneurysms was 2.2% (1 of 46; 95% CI, 0.01%-12%). No first-time hemorrhages occurred in 46 patients with 47 aneurysms during 6 months of follow-up., Conclusions: The complication rate of stent-assisted coiling with early adverse events in ruptured aneurysms was 10 times higher than that in unruptured aneurysms. Early rebleed accounted for most mortality. In ruptured aneurysms, stent-assisted coil embolization is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and should only be considered when less risky options have been excluded., (© 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Background and Purpose: At our institution, patients with large or giant ICA aneurysms are preferably treated with endovascular ICA balloon occlusion. Alternative treatment or conservative treatment is offered only for patients who cannot tolerate permanent ICA occlusion. In this observational study, we report the clinical and imaging results of ICA occlusion for aneurysms in a large single-center patient cohort., Materials and Methods: Between January 1995 and January 2015, occlusion of the ICA was considered in 146 patients with large or giant ICA aneurysms. Ninety-six patients (66%) passed the angiographic test occlusion, and, in 88 of these 96 patients (92%), the ICA was permanently occluded. In 11 of 88 patients with angiographic tolerance, ICA occlusion was performed with the patient under general anesthesia without clinical testing., Results: There was 1 hypoperfusion infarction after hypovolemic shock from a large retroperitoneal hematoma (complication rate 1.1% [95% CI, 1%-6.8%]). The mean imaging and clinical follow-up was 35 months (median 18 months; range, 3-180 months). On the latest MR imaging, 87 of 88 aneurysms (99%) were completely occluded and 61 of 80 aneurysms (76%) were decreased in size or completely obliterated. Of 62 patients who presented with cranial nerve dysfunction by mass effect of the aneurysm, 30 (48%) were cured, 25 (40%) improved, 6 (10%) were unchanged, and 1 patient (2%) was hemiplegic after a complication., Conclusions: ICA occlusion for large and giant aneurysms after angiographic test occlusion was safe and effective. Two-thirds of eligible patients passed the angiographic test. Most aneurysms shrunk, and most cranial nerve dysfunctions were cured or improved., (© 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

We report a case of a 20-week pregnant woman, who underwent embolisation of a cervical fibroid to end a life-threatening massive bleeding. This is the first reported case in the literature of a super-selective uterine fibroid embolisation (UFE) in a pregnant woman, even though pregnancy is considered an absolute contraindication for UFE. This rare case demonstrates that UFE can be safely performed during pregnancy providing an excellent short- and long-term clinical outcome for both mother and child.

Introduction: CT angiography (CTA) is increasingly used as primary diagnostic tool to replace digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) has substituted DSA as a reference standard. In this prospective observational study, we compare CTA with 3DRA of all cerebral vessels in a large cohort of patients with SAH., Methods: Of 179 consecutive patients with SAH admitted between March 2013 and July 2014, 139 underwent 64- to 256-detector row CTA followed by complete cerebral 3DRA within 24 h. In 86 patients (62 %), 3DRA was performed under general anesthesia. Two observers from outside hospitals reviewed CTA data., Results: In 118 of 139 patients (85 %), 3DRA diagnosed the cause of hemorrhage: 113 ruptured aneurysms, three arterial dissections, one micro-arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and one reversible vasoconstriction syndrome. On CTA, both observers missed all five non-aneurysmal causes of SAH. Sensitivity of CTA in depicting ruptured aneurysms was 0.88-0.91, and accuracy was 0.88-0.92. Of 113 ruptured aneurysms, 28 were ≤3 mm (25 %) and of 95 additional aneurysms, 71 were ≤3 mm (75 %). Sensitivity of depicting aneurysms ≤3 mm was 0.28-0.43. Of 95 additional aneurysms, the two raters missed 65 (68 %) and 58 (61 %). Sensitivity in detection was lower in aneurysms of the internal carotid artery than in other locations., Conclusion: CTA had some limitations as primary diagnostic tool in patients with SAH. All non-aneurysmal causes for SAH and one in ten ruptured aneurysms were missed. Performance of CTA was poor in aneurysms ≤3 mm. The majority of additional aneurysms were not depicted on CTA.

Background and Purpose: Long-term follow-up data of coiled basilar tip aneurysms are scarce, and little is known about the risk of late aneurysm-related adverse events. We followed a cohort of 154 patients with basilar tip aneurysms coiled between 1995 and 2006., Materials and Methods: Imaging and clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence and timing of retreatment, rebleeds, and progressive mass effect by continuous aneurysm growth were recorded. Risk factors for retreatment were assessed., Results: Clinical follow-up of 144 of 154 patients who survived the admission period was a mean of 9.8 years (median, 10.2; range, 0.3-20.1 years). During this period, 37 basilar tip aneurysms (26%) were additionally coiled (annual incidence rate, 2.6%; 95% CI, 1.8%-3.6%). Aneurysm size of >15 mm was the most important independent predictor for retreatment (OR, 8.7; 95% CI, 3.4-22.5). The first additional coiling was performed in the first year of follow-up in 17 of 37 patients (46%) and in 20 patients (54%) at a later time up to 17.2 years. Nine rebleeds occurred in 9 of 106 patients who initially presented with SAH after a median follow-up of 8.3 years (range, 0.3-16.6 years). The annual incidence rate was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.5%). Eight patients died of aneurysm-related adverse events: 3 of rebleed and 5 of progressive mass effect., Conclusions: Retreatment of coiled basilar tip aneurysms was frequently needed during follow-up, also at long intervals. Most late mortality was from progressive mass effect, not from rebleeds. Life-long MRA follow-up at yearly intervals is recommended., (© 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)

Background and Purpose: Few data are available on the frequency and location distribution of fenestrations of intracranial arteries. We used 3D rotational angiography of all intracranial arteries in a cohort of 179 patients with suspected intracranial aneurysms to assess the prevalence and location of fenestrations and the relation of fenestrations to aneurysms., Materials and Methods: Of 179 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted between March 2013 and June 2014, 140 had 3D rotational angiography of all cerebral vessels. The presence and location of aneurysms and fenestrations were assessed. In patients with both aneurysms and fenestrations, we classified the relation of the location of the aneurysm as remote from the fenestration or on the fenestration., Results: In 140 patients, 210 aneurysms were present. In 33 of 140 patients (24%; 95% confidence interval, 17.2%-31.3%), 45 fenestrations were detected with the following locations: anterior communicating artery in 31 (69%), A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery in 4 (9%), middle cerebral artery in 4 (9%), basilar artery in 4 (9%), vertebral artery in 1 (2%), and anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 1 (2%). Of 56 patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms, 14 had a fenestration on the anterior communicating artery complex. The remaining 31 fenestrations had no anatomic relation to aneurysms. In 140 patients with 210 aneurysms, 14 aneurysms (7%) were located on a fenestration and 196 were not., Conclusions: In patients with a suspected ruptured aneurysm, fenestrations of intracranial arteries were detected in 24% (33 of 140). Most fenestrations were located on the anterior communicating artery. Of 45 fenestrations, 14 (31%) were related to an aneurysm., (© 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.)